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The Art Therapy Pocket Guide:
A Theoretical Art Therapy App
for Graduate Students and
Emerging Professionals
Julianna Rose Geyer
Department of Counseling, School of Social Sciences and Human Services, Art
Therapy Program
Pennsylvania Western University
COUN 7550-400: Introduction to Art Therapy Research
Dr. Carolyn Treadon
April 22nd, 2024 (draft)
Before we start…
Purpose
This research aims to develop the concept of an
app for art therapy graduate students and
emerging professionals that includes a pocket
reference guide, a platform to explore and share
art therapy directives, and a way to connect with
others in the field.
Justification
• Apps are accessible
• No apps for art therapists exist at this point
• Art Therapy is a smaller field within the counseling
realm
• Provides representation for the field
Related Terms
Emerging Professional
A person who has graduated from their studies and is within the first five years of
working in the field.
Internship
When a student begins actively working with clients and gains more
responsibilities within their fieldwork.
Mobile Learning
Using mobile devices to assist in education and learning.
Practicum
When a student begins their fieldwork by observing other clinicians but not
actively working with clients.
Professional Identity
The personal beliefs, values, and skills one possesses to be confident in who they
are within their profession and field.
Literature Review
• Mobile Learning Theory
• Digital technology that provides education outside of a classroom setting
• Americans ages 18-49, 100% own a cellphone, and only 4-5% do not have a
smartphone (Pew Research Center, 2021)
• Utilizes informal learning- self-directed, interests based (Mills et al., 2014, p.
325)
• Apps in Other Disciplines
• APA Monitor + - Produced by the American Psychology Association (APA)
Literature Review
• Art Therapists vs. Therapist vs. Artist
• Art therapists are qualified based on their educational
background, ability to process artwork, commitment to
continuing education, and dedication to following the ethical
codes (AATA, 2013; ATCB, 2021).
• Art therapists are trained to be aware of potential harm
• A case where a clinician and organization where viewed as
negligent due to doing “art therapy” but not having the
proper education and led to physical injury (Boudrias, 2022).
• A study between art therapists, psychotherapists, and artists
to see if they could identify two risk in a case.
Literature Review
• Art Therapy Graduate Students
• Enter practicum and internship towards the end of the program
• Allows for supervision, which continues post-grad for
credentialing
• Junge and Newell (2015) shared art therapy students experiences
• “I have learned from my classmates in practicum classes,
what directives they used, their challenges, and their actions
in response to those challenges” (Junge & Newell. 2015 p. 95)
Literature Review
• Emerging Art Therapy Professionals
• Developing professional identity can be harder for art therapists
because of the complexity
• "An art therapist is often hired under another mental health job
title such as “counselor” or “psychologist” because the
profession of art therapy is not typically recognized as a mental
health profession in the occupations code” (Jung, 2014, p. 40)
• Lack of understand about art therapy from others
• The more art therapists understand themselves, the better they can
help and educate others on the unique field.
Key Features
• Verification Process
• Proof of enrollment or credentials
• Summaries
• Theoretical approaches, assessments/evaluations, diagnoses/populations
• Directives
• Create and share
• Networking & Resources
• Questions, recommendations, and finder
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
•
Trauma-informed Therapy
•
Humanistic
•
Existential/Spiritual/Transpersonal
•
Psychodynamic
•
Family Systems
•
Positive Psychology
•
Solution-Focused
•
Attachment Theory
•
Developmental
•
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
•
Motivational Interviewing (MI)
•
Group Therapy Theory
•
Art Therapy Theory
•
Jungian
•
Behavioral
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Bridge Drawing
•
Kinetic-Family-Drawing (KFD)
•
House-Tree-Person (HTP)/Kinetic House-TreePerson (K-H-T-P)
•
Lowenfeld Developmental Stages of Art
•
Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT)
•
Bird’s Nest Drawing (BND)
•
Draw-A-Person-In-The-Rain (DAP-R, PIR)
•
Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC)
•
Draw-A-Story (DAS)
•
Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS)
•
Road Drawing
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Anxiety Disorders
•
Depressive Disorders
•
Trauma and stressor-related disorders
•
Bipolar and Related Disorders
•
Disruptive, Impulsive Control and Conduct
Disorders
•
Personality Disorders
•
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (e.g., ASD,
ADHD)
•
Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders
•
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
•
Trauma/Victims of Crime/Violence
•
Grief, Loss, and Bereavement
•
Multi-cultural families
•
LGBTQIA+
Limitations
• Manufacturing
• Vetting Process & Terms and Conditions
• Moderating
Future exploration
• Funding
• Developing a team
• Getting support from organizations
• Make the app for all art therapists
My final thoughts…
References
•
•
•
•
•
American Art Therapy Association.
•
https://arttherapy.org/upload/MemberDemographics_2021.pdf
Oxford.
Gussak, D. E., & Rosal, M. L. (Eds.). (2016). The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy.
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
•
https://www.apa.org/about/social-media?tab=9
•
•
Art Therapy Specialist Demographics and Statistics [2023]: Number Of Art
Art Therapy Graduates. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy
Human Behavior, 32, 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.008
•
sheet/mobile/
Hu, J., Zhang, J., Hu, L., Yu, H., & Xu, J. (2021). Art Therapy: A Complementary
https://www.zippia.com/art-therapy-specialist-jobs/demographics/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686005
Becoming an Art Therapist - American Art Therapy Association. (2023, March 23). •
Jeno, L. M., Egelandsdal, K., & Grytnes, J.-A. (2022). A qualitative investigation
American Art Therapy Association. https://arttherapy.org/becoming-art-therapist/
of psychological need-satisfying experiences of a mobile learning application: A
Boudrias, Sophie (2022). A Mixed Methods Study on the Uniqueness of Art
Self-Determination Theory approach. Computers and Education Open, 3.
Therapists in Harm Prevention (Recherche par méthodes mixtes sur la spécificité
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100108
Pew Research Center. (2021, April 7). Mobile fact sheet. Pew Research Center:
Internet, Science & Tech. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-
Hogan, S. (2016). Art therapy theories: A critical introduction. Routledge.
Treatment for Mental Disorders. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 686005.
•
Sacks, Caren. “Supervision.” ATCB Review, vol. 24, no. 2, 2017,
nbcc.informz.net/admin31/content/template.asp?sid=47471&ptid=1459&brandid=
3842&uid=822378351&mi=6220319&ps=47471
•
Sonne, J. L. (n.d.). PsycEssentials: A Pocket Resource for Mental Health
Practitioners. https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4317284?tab=5b
•
Yang, S., Zhou, S., & Cheng, X. (2019). Why do college students continue to use
Junge, M. B. (2010). The Modern History of Art Therapy in the United States.
mobile learning? Learning involvement and self‐determination theory. British
Therapy, 35:2, 53-65, DOI: 10.1080/26907240.2022.2138125
Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
Journal of Educational Technology, 50(2), 626–637.
Cheng, C., Elamin, M. E., May, H., & Kennedy, M. (2023). Drawing on emotions: •
Junge, M. B. (2014). Identity and art therapy : personal and professional
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12634
the evolving role of art therapy. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(3),
perspectives. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
500–502. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2021.20
•
Mills, L. A., Knezek, G., & Khaddage, F. (2014). Information Seeking, Information
Sharing, and going mobile: Three bridges to informal learning. Computers in
Therapy Specialists In The US. (2021, January 29). Zippia.
des artthérapeutes dans la prévention de préjudices), Canadian Journal of Art
•
•
https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/expressive_dissertations/7
•
Feen-Calligan, H. R. (2012). Professional Identity Perceptions of Dual-Prepared
Association, 29(4), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2012.730027
Art Therapy Resources. (2018, June 17). Understanding Art Therapy vs Art As
Malis, Denise, “Examining the Identity of the Art Therapist: The Voice of Practice
and Relational Care” (2014). Expressive Therapies Dissertations. 7.
American Art Therapy Association. https://arttherapy.org/becoming-art-therapist/
Therapy. Art Therapy Resources. https://arttherapyresources.com.au/art-as-therapy/ •
•
Daisy Fancourt. (2017). Arts in Health : Designing and Researching Interventions. OUP •
American Art Therapy Association. (2023, March 23). Becoming an art therapist. •
American Psychological Association (n.d.). APA social media and mobile apps.
Ltd.
Encyclopedia.
American Art Therapy Association. (2021, March). Member demographics -
Crelin, J. (2023). Rapid application development (RAD). Salem Press
•
•
Junge, M. B., & Newall, K. (2015). Becoming an art therapist : enabling growth,
change, and action for emerging students in the field. Charles C Thomas Publisher,
A Theoretical Art Therapy App
for Graduate Students and
Emerging Professionals
Julianna Rose Geyer
Department of Counseling, School of Social Sciences and Human Services, Art
Therapy Program
Pennsylvania Western University
COUN 7550-400: Introduction to Art Therapy Research
Dr. Carolyn Treadon
April 22nd, 2024 (draft)
Before we start…
Purpose
This research aims to develop the concept of an
app for art therapy graduate students and
emerging professionals that includes a pocket
reference guide, a platform to explore and share
art therapy directives, and a way to connect with
others in the field.
Justification
• Apps are accessible
• No apps for art therapists exist at this point
• Art Therapy is a smaller field within the counseling
realm
• Provides representation for the field
Related Terms
Emerging Professional
A person who has graduated from their studies and is within the first five years of
working in the field.
Internship
When a student begins actively working with clients and gains more
responsibilities within their fieldwork.
Mobile Learning
Using mobile devices to assist in education and learning.
Practicum
When a student begins their fieldwork by observing other clinicians but not
actively working with clients.
Professional Identity
The personal beliefs, values, and skills one possesses to be confident in who they
are within their profession and field.
Literature Review
• Mobile Learning Theory
• Digital technology that provides education outside of a classroom setting
• Americans ages 18-49, 100% own a cellphone, and only 4-5% do not have a
smartphone (Pew Research Center, 2021)
• Utilizes informal learning- self-directed, interests based (Mills et al., 2014, p.
325)
• Apps in Other Disciplines
• APA Monitor + - Produced by the American Psychology Association (APA)
Literature Review
• Art Therapists vs. Therapist vs. Artist
• Art therapists are qualified based on their educational
background, ability to process artwork, commitment to
continuing education, and dedication to following the ethical
codes (AATA, 2013; ATCB, 2021).
• Art therapists are trained to be aware of potential harm
• A case where a clinician and organization where viewed as
negligent due to doing “art therapy” but not having the
proper education and led to physical injury (Boudrias, 2022).
• A study between art therapists, psychotherapists, and artists
to see if they could identify two risk in a case.
Literature Review
• Art Therapy Graduate Students
• Enter practicum and internship towards the end of the program
• Allows for supervision, which continues post-grad for
credentialing
• Junge and Newell (2015) shared art therapy students experiences
• “I have learned from my classmates in practicum classes,
what directives they used, their challenges, and their actions
in response to those challenges” (Junge & Newell. 2015 p. 95)
Literature Review
• Emerging Art Therapy Professionals
• Developing professional identity can be harder for art therapists
because of the complexity
• "An art therapist is often hired under another mental health job
title such as “counselor” or “psychologist” because the
profession of art therapy is not typically recognized as a mental
health profession in the occupations code” (Jung, 2014, p. 40)
• Lack of understand about art therapy from others
• The more art therapists understand themselves, the better they can
help and educate others on the unique field.
Key Features
• Verification Process
• Proof of enrollment or credentials
• Summaries
• Theoretical approaches, assessments/evaluations, diagnoses/populations
• Directives
• Create and share
• Networking & Resources
• Questions, recommendations, and finder
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
•
Trauma-informed Therapy
•
Humanistic
•
Existential/Spiritual/Transpersonal
•
Psychodynamic
•
Family Systems
•
Positive Psychology
•
Solution-Focused
•
Attachment Theory
•
Developmental
•
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
•
Motivational Interviewing (MI)
•
Group Therapy Theory
•
Art Therapy Theory
•
Jungian
•
Behavioral
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Bridge Drawing
•
Kinetic-Family-Drawing (KFD)
•
House-Tree-Person (HTP)/Kinetic House-TreePerson (K-H-T-P)
•
Lowenfeld Developmental Stages of Art
•
Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT)
•
Bird’s Nest Drawing (BND)
•
Draw-A-Person-In-The-Rain (DAP-R, PIR)
•
Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC)
•
Draw-A-Story (DAS)
•
Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS)
•
Road Drawing
EXAMPLES OF CONTENT
•
Anxiety Disorders
•
Depressive Disorders
•
Trauma and stressor-related disorders
•
Bipolar and Related Disorders
•
Disruptive, Impulsive Control and Conduct
Disorders
•
Personality Disorders
•
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (e.g., ASD,
ADHD)
•
Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders
•
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
•
Trauma/Victims of Crime/Violence
•
Grief, Loss, and Bereavement
•
Multi-cultural families
•
LGBTQIA+
Limitations
• Manufacturing
• Vetting Process & Terms and Conditions
• Moderating
Future exploration
• Funding
• Developing a team
• Getting support from organizations
• Make the app for all art therapists
My final thoughts…
References
•
•
•
•
•
American Art Therapy Association.
•
https://arttherapy.org/upload/MemberDemographics_2021.pdf
Oxford.
Gussak, D. E., & Rosal, M. L. (Eds.). (2016). The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy.
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
•
https://www.apa.org/about/social-media?tab=9
•
•
Art Therapy Specialist Demographics and Statistics [2023]: Number Of Art
Art Therapy Graduates. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy
Human Behavior, 32, 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.008
•
sheet/mobile/
Hu, J., Zhang, J., Hu, L., Yu, H., & Xu, J. (2021). Art Therapy: A Complementary
https://www.zippia.com/art-therapy-specialist-jobs/demographics/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686005
Becoming an Art Therapist - American Art Therapy Association. (2023, March 23). •
Jeno, L. M., Egelandsdal, K., & Grytnes, J.-A. (2022). A qualitative investigation
American Art Therapy Association. https://arttherapy.org/becoming-art-therapist/
of psychological need-satisfying experiences of a mobile learning application: A
Boudrias, Sophie (2022). A Mixed Methods Study on the Uniqueness of Art
Self-Determination Theory approach. Computers and Education Open, 3.
Therapists in Harm Prevention (Recherche par méthodes mixtes sur la spécificité
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100108
Pew Research Center. (2021, April 7). Mobile fact sheet. Pew Research Center:
Internet, Science & Tech. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-
Hogan, S. (2016). Art therapy theories: A critical introduction. Routledge.
Treatment for Mental Disorders. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 686005.
•
Sacks, Caren. “Supervision.” ATCB Review, vol. 24, no. 2, 2017,
nbcc.informz.net/admin31/content/template.asp?sid=47471&ptid=1459&brandid=
3842&uid=822378351&mi=6220319&ps=47471
•
Sonne, J. L. (n.d.). PsycEssentials: A Pocket Resource for Mental Health
Practitioners. https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4317284?tab=5b
•
Yang, S., Zhou, S., & Cheng, X. (2019). Why do college students continue to use
Junge, M. B. (2010). The Modern History of Art Therapy in the United States.
mobile learning? Learning involvement and self‐determination theory. British
Therapy, 35:2, 53-65, DOI: 10.1080/26907240.2022.2138125
Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
Journal of Educational Technology, 50(2), 626–637.
Cheng, C., Elamin, M. E., May, H., & Kennedy, M. (2023). Drawing on emotions: •
Junge, M. B. (2014). Identity and art therapy : personal and professional
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12634
the evolving role of art therapy. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(3),
perspectives. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
500–502. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2021.20
•
Mills, L. A., Knezek, G., & Khaddage, F. (2014). Information Seeking, Information
Sharing, and going mobile: Three bridges to informal learning. Computers in
Therapy Specialists In The US. (2021, January 29). Zippia.
des artthérapeutes dans la prévention de préjudices), Canadian Journal of Art
•
•
https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/expressive_dissertations/7
•
Feen-Calligan, H. R. (2012). Professional Identity Perceptions of Dual-Prepared
Association, 29(4), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2012.730027
Art Therapy Resources. (2018, June 17). Understanding Art Therapy vs Art As
Malis, Denise, “Examining the Identity of the Art Therapist: The Voice of Practice
and Relational Care” (2014). Expressive Therapies Dissertations. 7.
American Art Therapy Association. https://arttherapy.org/becoming-art-therapist/
Therapy. Art Therapy Resources. https://arttherapyresources.com.au/art-as-therapy/ •
•
Daisy Fancourt. (2017). Arts in Health : Designing and Researching Interventions. OUP •
American Art Therapy Association. (2023, March 23). Becoming an art therapist. •
American Psychological Association (n.d.). APA social media and mobile apps.
Ltd.
Encyclopedia.
American Art Therapy Association. (2021, March). Member demographics -
Crelin, J. (2023). Rapid application development (RAD). Salem Press
•
•
Junge, M. B., & Newall, K. (2015). Becoming an art therapist : enabling growth,
change, and action for emerging students in the field. Charles C Thomas Publisher,