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Available in

Buckhom

Bloomsburg

&

~ 5 mile radius

OIIUTKADITION...
i',{H's

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in'ticialidns. lie

an- proud

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^^^,
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llalldri hiod in Anu'iini. lie caiv ahoul what f/ocs
into the food i/ou arc Sfrrcd. Wc pridv oursc/rcs irith our
III

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ijou,

<

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line foods,

he hope

i/ou cnjofi

food. Your coninu-nts. hot h

good and had, arc

•

Corporate Accounts

•

Ik'lwerii

•

and

our condorlahU' alinosphvrc and
(/rcat/t/

76 Lunger Drive • Buckhorn Plaza
Bloomsburg, PA 17815

To Husinesses

We Do Catering For
All Occasions

(/real

appreciated.

(NiMrSii|H'rVV;il-Maill

TIL:

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S.il.

!):Ollpni

Winter/Spring 2009

U

Don't be Left

/ Got

9

in

Cranberry?

the Dark
-

Kimberlee Courtney

-

Kimberlee Courtney

Winter Car Core Tips

-

Terrence Haynes

1

Blooming for the Seasons

1

The Cowboy Creed

-

Pakistan

About

-

MacMath

Kelly

Z4 Buildins with Great Taste
J1 Hope for

Jenna Wisniewski

-

-

Kristy

Holly Bergin

Westbrook

the cover:

Ed Bergen, president of the Mainville
Marauders, takes a shot at a target
from a rolling mine cart.
(Photo by Nina Candolfo)

Spectrum Magazine-

Vol. 23,

No.

1-

Winter/Spring

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ADX niRFCTOR

oior^i
II
A-ri/-\M riiDcr^T/^D
CIRCULATION
DIRECTOR

Walter M. Brasch

Antonella Dinnocenzo

Kurt Nystrom

MANAGING EDITOR

SENIOR GRAPHICS DESIGNER

ASSISTANT CIRCULATION

Nicole Clark Martinez

Terrence Haynes

Kelly

MacMath

ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Holly Bergin
Martha Harris

Jenna Wisniewski

2009
Ba

Spectrum is published twice a
year by the journalism program
at

Bloomsburg

University.

Jamie Werner
Address: Bloomsburg University

STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Nina Gandolfo

PROMOTION DIRECTOR

MCHS

Westbrook

Second

St.,

Bloomsburg, Pa. 17815
Phone: (570) 389-4825

ASSISTANT PROMOTION DIRECTOR

Website: http://www.spectrum-

ADVERTISING MANAGER
Kristy

1229, 400 E.

Jenna Wisniewski

Kimberlee Courtney

magazine.org

ADVERTISING SPECIALIST
Joseph Humes

BUSINESS MANAGER

Joseph Humes

SPECIAL PROJECTS

PRODUCTION CONSULTANTS

Alyssa Pierce
Ashley Seigfried

portion of Spectrum may be
reprinted without its permission.
Printed by GRIT
Commercial Printing
(Montoursville, Pa.)

Annelise Chayka

ASSISTANT EDITORS
Megan Angstadt
Kimberlee Courtney
Terrence Haynes

Jamie Werner
Kristy Westbrook

COORDINATOR

Christel Sholly

Mike Bischof
Ken Engel

Dave Fry

No

© 2009 Spectrum

rs ..'zoKJO'-.JM

Spectrum Magazine

With

the niition in o

critical state of eco-

nomics and war, and
with a president who
promises change in the future, one
thing remains stable in the lives of
Columbia and Montour county res-

relives the

Wild West

legacy.

We concentrate on taking pleasure in the simple things in
a stor\' about a resident

life,

who

with

joy in decorating for the holidays,

and we emphasize the importance

ning community magazine has
published stories about people,

national wildlife preserve.

and issues

of the area.

we like

have an
investigative story focusing on a
topic of significance in our region.
This time we take an in-depth look
into the world of puppy mills and
their impact upon our readers. We
In each issue

also give readers
this issue

car care.

money

we

to

consumer

tips;

look at health and

We also look at making

by finding fashion and
glamour in vintage clothing from
last

years past.

We feature stories of camaraderie
and friendship

in the

communitv

KEBECCA
ERMISCH

finds

idents- Spcctruiu Magazine. For the
past 22 years, your award-win-

events,

FANTASIES
^^RlBECCA

with a wonian wlio finds happiness
in teaching others, and a grovip that

of

community pride with
Each

issue,

we

DESIGNER

a storv of a

feature a multi-

cultural story. This time,

we report

about two of our readers who de\ote
their time to increasing youth literacy in Pakistan.
We proudly present our Winter/Spring 2009 edition of Spectrum
Magazine. We hope it feels like a
breath of fresh air; you can continue to rely on Spectrum to deliver

'"^OS UMl DESIGN
I

6^

and issues of our
communit}'. Although we can't
change the world, we can have an
impact on our community and
to

vou the

how we

topics

Main St
Bloomsburg

VVVVVV. B
li\'e

in

[xlNTAL

55 East

(570) 784-4436
LOOMS BU RGCOSTU M ES H OTCOM

it.

—THE EDITORS
Providing financial well-being
for our

smoteSttop
• Quality Briar

•

•

All

members through

dedicated professional and
personal service for over 50 years.

Pipes

Tobacco Hand Made Cigars

Accessories

Bloomsburg Branch
2251 Columbia Blvd.
570-784-5200
Fax: 570-784-5233

Winter/Spring 2009

:m

PHILADELPHIA
FEDERAL CREDIT UNION
pfcu.com

I

J)

mifim iM.Wm&ii
Research sheds

D

of Vitamin

light

on the

Deficiency

risks

c

by Kimberlee Courtney
up on heavy coats,
Stocking
scarves, snow shovels,
thick

and rock

may be some

salt

necessary precautions as
the winter season begins, but

another important item

is

needed.

become

shorter and
the nights longer, natural sunlight
exposure is limited, increasing the

As

the days

vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D is important for
calcium and mineral metabolism
in the body, says Thomas
Olenginski, Geisinger Medical
Center rheumatologist. In winter,
risk of

the

body begins

to lack this vital

nutrient since sunlight

becomes

Boston Medical
Center research reveals almost oneless available.

third of the students

and physicians,

high percent of
elderly people in a test group, were
found to have low levels of vitamin
in addition to a

D by the end of February.
Most over-the-counter

D can lead to several ailments,
including chronic joint pain,
autoimmune diseases, heart
disease, depression, and even
common cancers of the colon,
breast and prostate, "the major
concern is bone health," says
Olenginski. Low levels of vitamin
D increase the parathyroid
hormone, or PTH. This hormone

increased requirements to a

increases the concentration of
calcium in the bone. Over time,

usually prescribe 50,000 i.u. of
vitamin D once or twice a week.

this results in a loss of both bone
calcium and muscular strength.
Because of its importance in
absorbing calcium, vitamin D
has been found to help protect

Behavior changes, such as more
sun exposure, are also part of
treatment to maintain consistency
and avoid another deficiency.
People with dark complexions
also struggle with deficiency
because of melanin in their skin,
Olenginski says. Melanin absorbs
UV radiation, forcing the vitamin
D precursor in the skin to compete

against bone diseases. "Studies
have shown that 40-50 percent of

osteoporosis patients are vitamin
deficient," says Olenginski. More
than 200 of Olenginski's patients

were vitamin D deficient rn 2007.
The FDA recommends 400
i.u.

for those 15-50 years old.

multivitamins contain the FDA's
recommended 400 international

Amounts

Vitamin D3 is the
form produced when the skin

minimum

units

(i.u.).

absorbs sunlight, the easiest for
the body to metabolize.
A lack of adequate vitamin

D

i.u.

increase to 400-800

for those

over 50, and to a

of 600

i.u. for those
ages 65 and over. The National
Osteoporosis Foundation,
however, has found such measures
to be inadequate, and has recently

minimum of 800-1000
all

i.u.

a

day

for

individuals.

Although there
test,

vitamin

in patients

is

no routine

D levels are checked

who have been using

show a

List of medical
problems, or demonstrate weakness.
When blood tests reveal severely
low levels of vitamin D, physicians

steroids,

for sunlight.

Daily sunscreen use is another
cause for deficiency by interferrrig
with the convergence of sunlight,
says Olenginski. "The sun must
have contact with unprotected skin
for 10-15 minutes for metabolism
of vitamin D to occur," he says.
Further exposure becomes
dangerous and sunscreen should

Spectrum Magazine

^
be applied. Recent emphasis
on dail\- sunscreen has lead to
deficiencies in warmer areas, such
as Florida, where low \itamin D
lexels are

common.

Tanning beds should also
be avoided and are not an

used as alternatives during the
winter when sun exposure is
reduced.
Fish products naturallv contain
high amounts of \itamin D, says
nutrition specialist

Marianna

Lawrence, Hatboro. These foods
provide 70-90 percent of the

alternative source of sunlight,

advises Olenginski. Ultraviolet
used in these facilities has
been ILiiked to cancer and causes
more damage to the skin than
modest sun exposure, he savs.
Diet and supplements can be
light

dailv value.

"There is verv little in the
food supplv, which is one of the
biggest problems," Olenginski
savs. Although manv foods, such
as milk, cereal, crackers

and

have been fortified with
vitamin D, one serving tvpically
provides only 10-15 percent of
the daily recommendations.
Although too much \itamin D
has been known to cause milk
alkali syndrome, a disorder that
interferes with normal function of
the kidnev and liver, Olenginski
says such cases are "typicallv not
going to occur." He recommends
taking dailv supplements of up
to 800 i.u. in order to ensure
deficiencv does not occur.
^
pastries

Got Cranberry?
Boggle Your Mind

Berries' Benefits Will
by Kimberlee Courtney

A

common

staple

on the

holiday menu, the cranoffers

berr)'

our

buds a tartlv-sweet

taste
fla-

while adding a seasonal hue
to the table. For manv, this is the
onlv time of vear thev get their
fill of this gem-colored berrv and
all
of its healthv antioxidants.
Harvested during September, October, and November, these small
berries pack a powerful punch of
benefits towards the bodv's wellvor,

being.

known

Cranberries have a

rep-

utation in aiding urinarv tract infections;

however,

new

studies

conducted bv the National Institutes of Health have demonstrated
this fruit's abilitv to combat other
ailments as well. Consumption of
cranberries on a regular basis was
found to help prevent the onset of
plaque and gum disease, as well as
inhibit cancer and ulcers from developing in the stomach.
"Cranberries contain a high

amount

of

bacterial

compounds,
which help reduce

cheniical

called f lavonoids,

adhesive,"

savs

Amv

clinical

Matyas, Bloomsburg. Thev decrease inflammation
herbalist

Winter/ Spring

2009

in the body, reducing the risks of
heart disease and bladder infections. Cranberries also help with

inflammation due

an

to

allergic re-

sponse, Matyas points out.
Bloomsburg Urologist, Anuj
Chopra, is aware of the cranberrv's abilitv to combat the onset of
urinary tract infections. He says
the fruit "is converted to a chemical

similar to formaldehyde

and

wav." Cranberries are also beneficial for prostate infections. "But it should be the
kills the bacteria that

Incorporating fresh cranberries
into

the

and can

menu

is

also beneficial

be done. Simplv add
a handful to a dinner salad, mix
them into stuffing, or use some to
easily

top off desserts.
Because thev can be frozen for
up to nine months, there is no reason to stop eating cranberries once
the season is over. These treats can
be enjoved on their own, or added
to recipes for a flavorful

punch.

pure cranberrv," Chopra advises.

When

the fruit

is

extracted to

#

produce juice or cranberrv
sauce, most of the beneficial
elements and dietarv fiber
are taken out. "There is no
benefit whatsoever," he says.
Cranberrv juice, often loaded with
sugar, contains a low amount of
cranberrv and can actuallv feed a
urinarv tract infection, making the

^

svmptoms worse,

savs Chopra

than
consuming commercial cranberry
sauce this holiday seaRather

son, a

mav

homemade

provide

berrv's

healthful

#

version
of the
antioxidants.

more

\i

Breaking through the sugar-coated studies
by Annelise Chayka
Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) burst onto
supermarket shelves in the 1970s replacing

High

familiar sucrose sweeteners formerly de-

rived from sugar cane or sugar beets and
imported from the Caribbean. Its versatility and lovk?
cost prompted its use in more than 2,000 products
ranging from bread to soft drinks.
HFCS was demonized by nutritionists in 2004 for

speculated role in the obesity epidemic. Critics of
cite the parallel between increasing
obesity rates and soaring consumption of HFCS.
Supporters of HFCS assert that the human body

its

the sweetener

metabolizes HFCS and sucrose identically, therefore, if
HFCS plays any role in the obesity epidemic, it's only
because the sweetener has been added to numerous
products for its benefits to the food industry.
HFCS not only serves as a sweetener, it helps baked
products maintain freshness and texture, while
"browning" the crust. In condiments, such as ketchup,

keeps ingredients evenly dispersed. Enhancing the
flavors of both fruit and spices it pioneered its way
into spaghetti sauces and yogurts as well. In the
soft drink industr}-, HFCS became standard
after both PepsiCo, and Coca-Cola adapted
the sweetener in the 1980s.
"I avoid the use of HFCS by using

it

fresh ingredients

whenever

"A five percent increase may appear small, however when you consider the amount and the frequency in which we consume HFCS, a seemingl}' dismal
increase, can become substantial," says Dr. Mark
Melnychuk, professor of biology and nutrition at

Bloomsburg

Uni\^ersity.

Several studies concluded that high fructose consumption leads to adverse health effects.
"A high fructose diet supports the synthesis of
glycerol and fatty acid molecules which are stored
as triglycerides in adipose cells [fat cells]," says

Melnychuk.
High triglyceride molecules can be attributed to
several diseases such as obesity and increases the risk
for heart disease.

Obesity
of

is

a contributing factor in the de\'elopment

Type 2 Diabetes, and non alcoholic

eases, others believe there

Few

is

a very

studies evaluate the effects of

to sucrose.

Long-term research

is

to these dis-

weak

correlation.

HFCS compared

virtually non-existeiit.

In June 2008, the American Medical Association
concluded there "is no sufficient evidence to

^

prove

HFCS is any more harmful than
other caloric sweeteners," but it
encourages further research
to

possible,"

fatty liver disease.

While some studies directly link HFCS

be condvicted.

^

says Robert Hayes, chef at Berwick
Golf Club, who points out "HFCS
overpowers the taste of the food and
therefore

I

seek alternatives."

HFCS is created by breaking
down corn into basic molecules
and glucose. Through
complex process, the molecules
transform into either HFCS-55,
used in soft drinks, or HFCS-42,
used in solid foods including, breads
and baked products.

of fructose
a

HFCS

-55

is

conventional because of

its

increased

•Tuctose levels when compared to sucrose. While
vs sides agree, HFCS contains five percent more
iose than found in sucrose, they disagree on the
,

:ect

8

it

has on the body.

Spectrum Magazine

steer clear of mechanical problems with

story and photos

some seasonal automotive maintenance

by Terrence Haynes

When searching for a windshield
washer
sure
^

'Ining

'

in the northeast

means

a couple things for car
owners: bad roads and snow.
The combination of the two can
be dangerous for both the car and
driver if the proper precautions
aren't taken.

Engine coolant, also
antifreeze,

is

known

as

essential. Antifreeze

through the engine and

circulates

it

make

fluid for the winter,

has a low freezing point.

Tires are important for the safety

and comfort

of the ride.

Having

the proper set of tires during the

winter

is

a crucial precaution for

safe traveling.

"A good winter

tire is

important

manager

of

Ford, Bloomsburg.

problems," Kerr says. Equipping
the vehicle with all-season or
winter tires is a good safety

Rod

Eves, service

manager

Ph
coolant will become

dealership, Bloomsburg. "If the
level

is off,

the

too acidic and will lose anti-

corrosion properties," Eves adds.

Antifreeze
it

is

important because

contains chemicals that have a

lower freezing point than water.

Windshield washer fluid is
also important during the winter
because it helps with visibility
and ice removal. It's important
to make sure the windshield
washer fluid is winter approved.
Many drivers use windshield
washer fluid in the summer that
is specificallv designed to remove
bugs. These types of fluids will
freeze on the windshield in the
winter,

making

visibility difficult.

Winter/Spring

2009

the tire

with older vehicles, tire pressure
gauges are a necessary way to
figure out tire pressure.
Due to the harsh winter
conditions, Perm DOT puts down
salt and other chemicals to get
the

snow and

ice off the road.

a vehicle.

or

could be dangerous for the motor.
"Coolant in the car is like water in
your swimming pool or hot tub,"
of the Alexander Family car

when

too low. For those

Independence

uneven

says

is

"Worn

gets rid of excessive heat that

tires will

pressure

and chemical compounds
can do serious damage to the
undercarriage and paint of

primarily for control, traction,
and braking," says David Kerr,
service

that will indicate

lead to control

The

salt

It's

consistently

may snow

important to
a car even

wash

if it

the next day.

precaution. These specific tires

Emergency situations can
occur at any time when it comes
to dealing with automobiles.

are designed to perform well

Therefore,

in the slush, ice,

drivers
daily

may

and snow

that

encounter during a

commute.

food,

Summer tires pick up
snow witliiii the

aiid

pack

treads whicli

gripping the road very
Tire pressure

is

makes

difficult.

just as

as using the proper

tire.

important
"Rotation

and air pressure are crucial
for tire wear and fuel mileage for
automobiles," says Eves. The tire
of tires

pressure could be the difference

between a smooth or shaky ride,
and also affects fuel efficiency.
Most vehicles ha\'e an ideal tire
pressure indicator located on the
inside of the driver side door.

Many newer vehicles have builtin tire pressure

important to have
your vehicle, such
as bottled water, non-perishable

monitor systems

it's

certain items in

and

important

a blanket.
to carry

It's

an

also

ice scraper,

flashlight, jumper cables, a shovel,
and a tire repair kit.
Bloomsburg Uni\ersit\" mechanic
Bill

Fisher sa^^s "Preventati\-e

maintenance is important but it
doesn't guarantee anything."
Knov\'ing the surroundings
and following speed limits in
inclement weather are critical to
avoiding accidents. Ha\"ing the
car prepared for the bad weather
doesn't ensure safet\', but it gives
a driver the best possible chance of
a\oiding costly mechanical issues.^

ai

i^id

',-^67-

[i.^

/ .f.^>.

»^
Stacked cages are c

mi

III

PennsylVj

Ltary cioinditio

A

look at the secrets of pet store puppies and

how to

avoid buying a puppy born

in

a

mill

by Megan Angstadt

t

white and brown ball of speed in the form of
an energetic smooth fox terrier puppy races
after a neon green tennis ball bouncrng on

softly packed snow at the Bloomsburg Town
chilly winter afternoon. With a playful
snort, the puppy grabs a mouthful of snow with the
ball and bounds back to its owners of eight months,

Park on a

Lisa

Brown and Quintin Todd, Bloomsburg.

Jack

is

few months

off the couch and velped,
thought he sprained a muscle,
but it didn't go away," Brown savs.

so

I

X-rays revealed that Jack's femur
is square, instead of rounded

head
to

fit

breeders

mill in Quarryville, a

borough

in

Lancaster Coimty. She is 13 years
old and has endured her fate until
now in a cage barely big enough
to turn aroimd in, standing and
sleeping on feces and urine of the
dogs in the cages above her. When
rescuers find her she is soaked
in urine, and her fur is so matted
some of it has to be shaved off

because the tangles, feces, and dirt
can't be washed or brushed out.
The Shih Tzu is placed in foster care,
but even months later repeatedly
walks in circles for no reason, and
stares blankly at a wall for hours

due

to the psychological

damage

the

Humane Society of the United

States (HSUS).

the part of breeders
stores,

some have

Winter/Spring

2009

on

who sell to pet

signs

up

that

HSUS. Pet stores
don't advertise the origin of their
puppies; manv falsely reassure
buyers that the puppies do not
director of the

come from puppy
until

mills.

It

isn't

weeks, sometimes months

and years

later, that health and
psychological issues surface, and

are concerned when
pure breed investment starts

their

facilities

lot

say 'thank you for your concern
but we are not from puppy mills,'"
says Sarah Speed, Peniisyh'ania

new owners

horrors of these breeding

"We've seen a

of almost fraudulent practices

She

not the only one.
This isn't the image people see in
pet store windows when they shop
for the cutest puppy in town. The

puppies

waiting to be adopted.
Pennsylvania produces an
estimated two to four million
puppies every year, according to

suffered from her long confiiiement.
is

of the

racking up vet

bills.

Brown and Todd were surprised
when their smooth fox terrier
began

to

have health problems a

genetic,

is

much as

A different dog, an unnamed
female Shih Tzu used for breeding
in a pvippy mill, suffers from
mammary tumors and ear mites
when she is rescued from a puppy

tails

They were told
and could cost
$600 if there are no

in the joint.

that this

as

and wagging

bought him

puppw "He

jumped

one year old and excited to be out in the fresh air,
able to run and play with few cares after spending
the beginning of his life caged in a pet store kennel.
aren't seen in the bright eyes

after they

as a four-month-old

surgical complications.

"The pet store told me they
from private

get their puppies

Brown

all

over Pennsyh'ania,"

says, "Jack wasn't

but they told me some
dogs can't be, and I didn't know
any better." Pure bred puppies
sold from reputable breeders
can almost alwavs be registered;
when purchased, they come with
paperwork to register the puppy
with the American Kennel Club.
Howe\er, many pet stores will sell
their puppies with papers from
prestigious soimding "kennel
registereci,

clubs," according to the

and buyers think

HSUS,

proof their
new in\estirient is pure bred and
in good health. Wliile these papers
record the names of the puppy's
parents, they do not ensure that it
is

free

tliis is

from genetic defects or that

they v\'ere raised humanely.
Jack currenth- suffers from a
genetic underbite, and is unable
to eat dry food. He is allergic to
beef, and has been plagued with
random diarrhea throughout his
life.

He is

losing his fur,

and

his

owners don't know why.
11

They

Sherry Carpenter, Bloomsburg,
Animal Vues,
an educational program that

the vmclean conditions.

promotes caring and compassion
for animals. According to
the "puppy lemon law" in

on the road, huddled on the
groimd because the^•'ye been in
wire cages their whole liyes,"
says Terri Gross, a rescuer and
adyisory board member for Mostly
Mutts, a dog rescue organization
ill Simbur\'. Tlie dogs will hide in
the back of the kennel, and often
are so timid and afraid that they
don't eyen know how to drink

is

director of

Penns\i\-ania, kiiowTi as the

Dog

Purchaser Protection Act, says
Carpenter, you haye to haye your

puppy examined by

a yet

and

get

a bill of health within 10 da^'S after

purchase. "Most people haye fallen
in lo\-e with the pupp\' when they
buy it, and eyen if it has problems,
they will spend thousands of
dollars to

make

it

healtliy, or

ihe\ will abandon

According

to the

Protection Act,

has died

if

witliiii

it,"

she says.
Purchaser

Dog
the puppy

is ill

these 10 days,

or

and

the yeterinarian can confirm this,
the buyer

may retvim the puppy

for a full rehxnd, return

it

for a

replacement puppy of equal yalue,
or keep the pupp\- and recei\'e
reimbursement not to exceed the
purchase price. "I didn't think I
needed to ha\-e Jack X-rayed at four
months old," BroViTi says, "but I
guess tlie lemon law doesn't giye
you much time to see the genetic
problems that can show up."

W

H ^here
^

are coimtless

cases of dogs rescued

1

from a puppy miU,
or found wandering
along a road, which suffer from
different ailments. Breeder dogs
in these facilities often suffer from
prolapsed uteruses, from multiple,

are

almost always malnourished.
"Sometimes they are abandoned

out of a water bowl. "Tliey don't
e\'en knovv' what a treat is," she
says. "The things that you see on
Animal Plauiet? It's happeniiig
around here, it's not just big city
stuff, it happens in small towns

rrdlls exist

throughout the Commonwealth,
70 percent of them are located in
Lancaster and Chester cormties,
according to Sarah Speed. "We
generally see a trend of breeding
dogs as a side business for farms,"

Speed says. "They haye dogs in
a few bams in addition to their

main business," she
rural areas

says, "with

haying a higher

concentration of kemtels."
Tliere

were 1,667 new breeding

facilities

licensed in 2007,

according to the Peiinsyh'ania

Department of Agriculture, and
there are roughly 2,600 licensed

assistance of a yeterinarian; they

This number does not
inckide the many imlicensed
kemiels, especially those known
as "backyard breeders" who
breed dogs on a smaller scale

ha\'e a yariet\' of skin conditions,

for profit.

often difficult births without the

including

fleas, lice, arid

marige,

deformed extremities due
spending a lifetime
on a wire cage
floor, and ear and
eye infections from

Dogs

in

to

director of

facilities.

About 84,000 dogs
entered Pemisyh'arda shelters in
2007 as well. "If we are dumping

North Penn Puppy

number does not
include dogs taken in b^• priyate
shelters, only those picked up by
shelters subsidized or partially
subsidized by the goyernment.
"It is the one industr^' where the

Mill Watch. This

economic principle of supply and
demand simply does not apply,"
Stephens says.

The

owners
Coimty are Amish
and Mennonite, and most of the
kennels are on farm property. A
majorits' of kennel

in Lancaster

large part of the
selling

and

too," Gross says.

Although puppy

84,000 dogs, why are we allowing
these puppies to be bred by the
thousands?" asks Jenny Stephens,

Amish

cultvire is

many different products,

generally, they look at animals

as another resource to

sell.

The

dogs are seen as liyestock animals
that brmg m reyenue; because of
they are treated poorly, says
Christine Wilson, assistant district
this

attorney of Lancaster Cormty.

ome dogs used

for

breedu"ig are not lucky

*^^^ enough to be dropped
1^

^

off

on the side

of a

road when the\' are no longer
producing. The imluck\- ones are
often sold to another mill; the
others are shot when they ha\'e
worn out their usefulness. "They
breed sick dogs, mother with son,
father with daughter, and then
they sell to these pet stores, and
people are paying big bucks aiid
don't

know what they're

Gross says,
that are

still

bad

getting,"

ones
being abused, or shot

"I feel

for the

and killed."
Although the Bureau

Law Enforcement says

of

Dog

it's illee;al

an

•nlicensed puppy
Villi

in

Gordonviile,

Lcxaster County
their lives

in

ifined quarters.

i2

Spectrum Magazine

abuse any animal,
confusion when it comes to
understanding what mistreatment

maintaining the old cage size
requirements, and keeping the law
that allows kennel operators to

of

and abuse means, hi August
2008, brothers Elmer and Ammon
Zimmerman, Kutztown, in Berks
Coimty, shot and killed 80 dogs

legally kill their dogs.

country," Rendell said during a
news conference. The pre\'ious
dog law was written in 1982 and
is no longer relevant for today's
breeders and kennel owners. This

to mistreat or

there

is

after a routine inspection

dog wardens ordered

Previous laws stated that dogs
must have 30 minutes of exercise a
day, but if operators of the kennels
did not want to deal with that, thev
could double the size of the cage
for the dog, and place another dog
in the same cage. This
effect left
the dogs with the same amount of
space they would have had if they

when

the brothers

have 39 of the dogs checked for
flea and fly bites. The wardens
also issued citations for extreme
heat, insufficient bedding, and
wire floors on the cages
to

m

that the dogs' feet could fall

dogs

law treated all breeding businesses
the same, whether they owned
26 dogs or thousands, and made
it legal for breeders to keep their
breeding dogs in small, extremely
cramped wire cages for their
entire lives. Sarah Speed

through. Until mid-October,

disappointed that some
changes were made to the
original bill that passed the
House, but understands

is

compromises
were necessary for the
that the

that only a veterinarian can

on the

last

day

of the 2007-

2008 legislation session. This
Act will hopefully reduce
inhumane treatment of dogs in
breeding facilities that process
60 or

more dogs

a year.

Jenny

Humane
new law will

Stephens says that the
Society estimates the

bill

to pass the Agricultural

Committee. "The bill in
its final form kept ever}'

^

iniportant provision

:

wanted

we

Speed
"Unfortunately the
Shrimp, a ten year old maltese mix, was
amendments, including a
rescued from a puppy mill in Paradise, Pa
provision that would grant
by Main Line Rescue.
a waiver to certain kennels,
may delay the enactment of
had single cages. The new law has
the bill,"
DUl, she says.
provisions for exercise outside of
P ^he new law doesn't go
the cages, in an area twice the size
into effect imtil October
of the new cage size requirements.
2009, gi\'ing breeders

only 25 percent of breeding
facilities. "Very few kennels will
have to implement changes, and
it concerns me," Stephens says.
First time violators of this new law
would face a maximum fine of only
$500 and up to 90 days in jail.
119 increases cage
size, bans wire cage
floors, requires outdoor
affect

commercial breeding

as the puppy-mill capital of the

anyone could kill a dog he or
she owned, and it was legal
according to the old dog law.
The new dog law makes
this act illegal, and states
euthanize a dog. Gov. Ed
Rendell, well known for his
compassion for animals,
supported the legislation that
led to several changes.
The new law was signed

in

kennels, shedding our reputation

for the dogs,"

says.

!

1

An amendment that was added
to the
is

law that

is

controversial,

the creation of a canine health

boarci that will consist of seven

veterinarians

who

will

make

H
^

a year to

comph^ One

provision, however, goes into effect

immediately: onl}' a \eterinarian
dog. "CK'erall,

may now euthanize a
it's

a

huge

first

step."

Speed

sax's,

recommendations regarding

"It will

iiidividual kennels. Since the

control,

thousands of dogs."
In soine cases, kennels might
have the opportvmitv to obtain a
wai\er if thex" can sho\v that they
have made sigitificant changes
to their kemiel \vitlun a certain

dogs, bi-annual veterinary exams,

this

period, or

and bans cage stacking. The bill
had been stalled in the House
Appropriations Committee after
Republicans added more than 100
amendments, all created to delay
the vote. A few examples of these
amendments, which would have

their responsibilit\',"

tct

exercise areas for the

kept several major pro\'isions of
the bill from being passed, were

Winter/Spring 2009

board will be

in charge of these

issues, they will

be removed from
"By giving

the actual legislation.

the responsibility of teinperature

and huiniditv control to
board, the Senate is shirking

Stephens
says. The members of the board
will be appointed bv the president
of the state Veterinarian Medical
Association, an organization which
fought against several proxisions
of the

main

bill.

"Within one \"ear, Pemis\h"ania
be a leader in the treatment

will

cliange

if

tlie U\-es

the\"

of tens of

haxe had a clean

record from state inspections for
the past three years. If the\' obtain
this vvai\er, the\ have three \ears
before thex' ha\e to implement any
of the changes laid out hi the new

"Four to five \'ears is the life
expectancy of some of tliese dogs,"
Stephens savs, "Tlie\' have been
waiting a long time for reHef, tliev
bills.

13

shouldn't have to ^vait any longer."

The Zimmerman

brothers'

case is not the onl^' one of its
kind, and inhumane treatment
of animals occurs throughout the

Commonwealth. In October, a
puppy mill in Emmaus, Lehigh
Count\' was raided b^" agents of
the Pennsyhania Society- for tlie
Pre\'ention of Crueltv" to ^-Vnimals

barred from operating a kennel in
Pennsvh'ania.
Although pet o'wners can't be
accused of acti\"elv \vanting to
perpetuate puppv mills, -without
the kno^vledge of ho^w to avoid
bu\"ing a
mill,

puppv bom in

a

puppv

buvers continue to buv

from pet stores that are

less

than credible. "Franklv, there

(PSPCA). After a tivo-month
undercover investigation, SPCA
agents executed search warrants
at Almost Heaven Kennel that
specializes in breeding poodles
and Labrador retrie\ers. The
search produced about 800
animals; 125 dogs ^vere seized

due to sickness. In addition to the
animals rescued from the kennel,

percent of the puppies come from
Pennsvh'ania. O'Kane states that
her puppies are not from puppy
mills, but -svould not produce
docLunents that prove otherwise.
Of several pet stores in Columbia,
and Montour Counties, Brookside
is the onlv one that seUs puppies
that she has had complaints about,
savs Sherr\" Carpenter.
Local SPCAs and rescue
organizations adopt dogs for
as little as 550, \vhich often
includes spa\"tng or neutering,
a dog hcense, booster shot, and
microchip identification. Dogs
are fhoroughlv examined by
a \eterinarian before thev are
put up for adoption, alloA\"ing
the shelter to

from Juh', Amish
farmer John Blank, o\\"ner
of Limestone Kennels,
cruelt\'

Chester Counts, was arrested
when PSPCA agents found over
100 dogs on his farm, most of

them in poor phvsical condition.
Agents seized 21 of the dogs
immediatelv and took them to

SPCA Philadelphia

Terra, a chocolate iab. was
rescued from Blank's mill in
Chester County before having
an infected eye removed.

volunteers visited the fami after
reading an advertisement in a
Lancaster ne\vspaper for free

humane kennek and
one count of harassment. Blank
was convicted and surrendered
66 dogs to the PSPCA, \vas fined
$576, and was required to submit
to two \ears probation, during
which time he can't own more
than five dogs. He is permanenth'
14

and the question remains:

stores,

A few ^veeks prior to this raid,

sanitarv and

anv preAt

whv bu\" from a pet store -when

shelter.

breeder dogs. TTiese visits bv
volunteers produced nine dogs,
all in poor condition. T'wo were
missing their eves, savs Bill Smith,
founder of Main Line Animal
Rescue in Chester Springs. "Thev
had big gaping holes with flies in
them. One of the dogs had his eve
hanging out. Two were missing
ears," savs Smith. Ln this case, the
owner of the kennel pled guilts*
to eight animal cruelt\" charges,
two counts of failing to maintain a

of

Mostlv Mutts, a mixed breed
puppv imder the age of six
months costs 550 to adopt, while
a breed specific puppv up to five
vears of age can cost as much as
5200 to adopt. These prices are
still less than puppies sold at pet

In

the

know

existing health concerns.

65 were found dead in a freezer.
another case of animal

is

so

much

between
and brokers,

adopt from a shelter?

UTiile man\" shelters

would prefer

be no-kill, the^" ha\"e so manv
incoming dogs there stmplv isn't
room to sa\"e all of them.
and Todd sav that
the\" \vould still rather
bu\' a dog than adopt
from a shelter because
to

BTOwn

transfer

stores, breeders

^"0u can

it's

incrediblv difficult to track ^vhere

dog came from," Sarah Speed
vou see the parents
of the pupp^", vou can't kno^v \ou
aren't buving from a puppv mill,
and vou have no guarantee the\'
were raised humanelv," she states.
the

the\' belie\"e that shelters

savs, "i.mless

the

Linda O'Kane, o\vner of
Brookside Pups and Stuff,
Bloomsburg, savs she sells her
dogs for an average cost ranging
bet\veen S400 and S600, up to
a maximuni of about 52,500.
She owns two additional stores,
located in Hazelton and Hanover,
and sells about 1,200 dogs a vear.

O'Kane declined

to gi^"e

names

of breeders that she bu\"s her

stock from, stating instead that 90

a

have

same issues of not kno^^ing
dog's background or possible

health problems. Ho\vever, large
shelters

Uke the Pennsvh'ania

SPCA in Philadelphia

usuallv have
adoption coimselors ^vho have
^vorked with the individual dog,
personalit^ and particular
and can help guide vou to

kiio\s" its

quirks,
a

dog

that

^N'ill fit

\"our Ufestvle,

savs Speed. The Danville SPCA
is an exception. According to
Roxanne Greiner, \vho oversees

adoptions in Dan\-ille, all the
emplo\"ees are tiained in the
adoption process, and kno^v how
to help a prospective o\N'ner pick

Spectrum Magazine

the pet best suited to their

"There are too

home.

many needs

at the

one person to be
one job as an adoption

shelter for just

buying any dog from a puppy
mill," Carpenter says, "If

assigned to
counselor," Greiner says,
peed says that the
primary reason why
» ^^^ dogs are turned into
shelters is not that they
are fimdamentally bad, but that
buyers don't get the proper
guidance when searching for a
dog. They end up choosing a pet
that doesn't fit their lifestyle, with
the result being that they give
up dogs to shelters and rescue

best friend." Jack

organizations. About six to eight
million dogs and cats are cared for

after the temiis ball

^^

every year, while about
three to four million must be
killed due to overpopulation and
lack of adequate adoptive homes,
according to the HSUS.
"When you adopt a dog you
know you're saving its life,"
Speed says, "When you go to
a pet store, the owners only
have the dogs for a matter of
weeks, and they don't know the
puppies' temperaments." Often
times at humane societies and
in shelters

rescue organizations, older dogs
make up the majority of the
kennel. These older dogs have
already established personalities

and temperaments that are
going to stick around for the

we stop

from selling puppies, it will
help put irresponsible breeders
stores

right out of business."

Even though Jack is costing
owners Lisa Brown and Quintin

announces

a

new

ailment,

they are steadfast in their love
for their smallest
"1

roommate,

wouldn't trade him for the

world,"

Brown says,
is

"he's

a

survivor. He's lucky.

my

puppy miU
As he races

puppies

is

and wags

However,

this isn't

That's

why it's so

to

\\

I'OLi'l ISl l/p

GREENWOOD

The convenience

FRIENDS SCHOOL

The confidence

I

P

05

of

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big business doesn't

Winter/Spring 2009

SCU

shelters/Pennsylvania.asp]

always

stomp them out, because
want them to
go away," she says. By adopting
a dog rather than buying from
a pet store pet owners can help
save lives, and prevent the future
neglect and abuse of many others
by refusing to buy dogs from pet
stores. "What we have to stop is
hard

it

For a list of animal shelters in
Pennsylvania, visit
[http://www.animalshelter.org/

it

puppy mills.

when, where
and how
you like

to

sounds. Sherry
Carpenter says. "The food and
drug companies make money from
as easy as

Banking

his tail.^

stop buying puppies from these
stores.

^

T

drifts of

rest

simply

"

I

once again
snow, short
legs flying over the groimd,
limping only slightly from his
recent surgery, he breathes deep

through

to stop pet stores

selling

to

succes^

each time the veteriiiarian

whose personalities can change
depending on how they are raised.
from

our

Todd more money than they
expected, and more heartache

of their Uves, imlike puppies,

One way

The key
^

Greenwood grows
lifelong learners.
Call

458-5532

orrange your

to

visit.

FIRST

S COLUMBIA
wwAN-.lirsicolLimhuihank.com

(570)

-

1

CS6()

Member FDIC
Hcnion

• BciA\ick • 13lc)ciinsbLirj4
Biicklmrn • C.atawissa

i:i\shi.ii'j4 •

www.greenwood-friends.org

784-

West

Scott Township
lazlcion
I

15

BlOO mins for
Master gardeners share

tips for year-long

maintenance

story and photos by Jenna Wisniewski
back along the stone

ri\'ing

Duriiig the

the

wav to

serenit\\ Flowers,

and

trees of all kinds
o^^erwhelm the land known as a National
Wildlife Backyard Habitat. "We have been

plants,

working on

it

for a

few

^^ears,"

The Narbers

li\'e

on one

weed whene\"er I see

something that doesn't belong.
nuts

if I

It

dri\"es

me

don't," she says.

Ken beUeves some straightf onvard
maintenance can reallv help a garden and
landscape develop fullv. "Annuals should be
ripped out and thro^\Ti a^vav before the winter
months," he savs. Petimias and Marigolds are
both examples of annuals. Perennials, unlike
annuals, "will bloom again and need to be
inanaged much like la'^Mi care.
"Leaves and branches should be picked up
arovmd the plant, and thev should be kept

says Jud^'

of Penns^'lvania's

backvard

nionths, Jud\" tries to

spring."! usuall\" just

Narber.
certified wildlife habitats. Their

^\•ulter

keep the landscape cleared and trimmed so
the plants ^vill be read^" to fullv gro\\" in the

road, large spruce trees pave

is

a place for animals to live freelv, plants to

grow immenseh', and a garden to flourish
every year. Along with preser\"ing ^vLldlife,
the Narbers take pride in gardening and
taking care of landscapes.

Judy and her husband Ken have been
Columbia Count\^ for 14
years. "Once we moved here we had to
rip stuff up and put new things in," sa%^s
Judy Narber. Their natural habitat begins
at the driveway and extends bevond the
yard into the woods.
Gardening and caruig for their land is
a large part of their evers^day lives. Judv
tends to spend more of her time taking
care of their land at home, whereas Ken
residents of

takes care of their local store.

Ken Narber, owner

of Ken's Cattails,

Blooinsburg, savs that he believes

gardening can give

i'Si^.
.'.if

w.f^yi^'

also learned

some

satisfaction.

of

He has

what he knows

about gardens "from ^vatching liis
parents and grandparents."
The Narbers' wildlife habitat

based on the "triangle belief,"
says Judy Narber, the idea that

is

*'"ii^-'

Ken and Judy Narber take

is enough food, w^ater, shelter,
and space for all things living and
growing on the land. In order for
them to obtain the certification, thev
had to take classes, their land had
to be evaluated and thev had to
complete tests. Their knowledge
of gardening and landscape care

there

is

extraordinary to this area.

pride

their 6-1/2 acre National Wildlife

trimmed
Da^•

for

lilies,

in

maintaining

Backyard Habitat.

housekeeping," says

Ken Narber.

Hostas, and Black-eved Susans are

examples of perennial plants. He believes a
location's heartiness zone can affect the plant
in a negati\"e or positi\e wav.
The heartiness zone of ^^'here the plant
is being gro\vn wiU determine how weU
the plant \viU survive. Columbia coi.mt\'s
zone is a 5 or 6. Zones 1 and 2 are vers- cold

Spectrum Magazine

the Seasons
temperatures and plants rarely survive
A zone 10 is very warm and only

here.

certain plants will survive in these areas.

heartiness zone,

The

when purchasing a plant, can

be found on the plant's

tag.

These zones can

affect all types of plants.

Along with flowers,

plants, trees

and a

and range on

their land.

Several blue bird houses line their outer

property, as well as a

in late April and early May so
they can be enjoyed until fall sets in.
Local nurseries and lawn care stores
are flooded with individuals gearing
up for planting season. Before a home
owner can begin their spring gardens,

bought

vegetable garden, the Narbers have locations
for animals to live

gardens and getting their
landscape ready for spring.
"Between Mother's Day and
Memorial Day is the time when
most spring planting takes place,"
says Ken Narber. Most plants are

hummingbird row,

bird

maintenance to their lawns is a must.
"The same list that is used for winter
maintenance should be used again for
opening gardens back up in the spring,"
Ken Narber says.
In the spring, Judy takes out old plants
and weeds, trims shrubs, rakes, and begins
the process of planting her annuals. Her
favorite part of their land

is

the trees. "I

love the weeping crab apple tree in front
of our house. I can look out the window

and see

from the kitchen," she says.
of the trees on the
Narbers' land had previouslv been there.
Flowering plants are also a large part of
it

Around 70 percent

their landscape.

and a wildlife feeder
built by Ken. "The animals
need to live in their natural
habitat," says Judy Narber.
The heartiness zone the
baths,

Narbers

live in is crucial for

their plants to

grow so

the

animals living on their land
can live in the most natural
environnient possible.
Specific plants that deer, bear, turkey,

humniingbirds, and bluebirds live
off of are important to contribute to the habitat
the Narbers' strive to achieve. Even though
maintaining lawns and gardens through the
winter months is crucial, re-openiiig a garden
and preparing a landscape for the spring is
squirrels,

just as important.

Once the winter preparation for lawns,
and plants has been done, homeowners

trees,

can

start thinking

about re-opening their

Winter/Spring 2009

"Colors of flowering plants are
attraction

iii

tlie

big

the spring. Ever)'one wants to

have a colorful garden," Ken Narber says.
Properly watering a garden is a must
to ensure the plants endurance and
flowering ability through the sumnier.
Deep red Salvias and rich purple
Helia Trope are streaked along the hill
at the Narbers, as a

row.

"I

Hummingbird

usually start to plant duriiig

Memorial Day weekend and continue
for as long as I can," says Judy
Narber.
All elements of lawn care and
gardening tips are used at tlie
Narber household to ensure their

land is efficient enough for their
preserve and so they ha\'e a

chance of haxing the best lawn

and £rarden on the

block.

/•

;"iN»^

by Kelly MacMath

Gun

cowboy Dusty Ed rolls through the rickety doors of
the abandoned Mainville lead mine on a rusted track in a wooden
mine cart. He's'fighting against the clock. He shouts, "Damn horse
thieves!" and aims his original 1873 Winchester rifle at his targets and un-: loads, desperately trying to stop Wild Bill from making off with his property
slingin'

'

be heard all the way to the barbershop, bathhouse, and the
saloon. Behind him, a dozen cowboys clad in boots, spurs, holsters and silver
sheriff stars stand and watch his fate.
The tiny town isn't the set of an upcoming Hollywood film, or the remnants

again. Shots can

.

'

.

lifestyle.

scenarios the Marauders use.
"I've always been a shooter, and

think back to your childhood of how

always liked the old guns
and I've always had horses, so
I've been a cowboy since I was a

I've

/

compete

a' 19th century pioneer town
long forgotten. It's the territory of
the Mainville Marauders, a local
Cowboy Action Shooting club; Ed
Bergen, better known to his posse
as Dusty Ed, was shooting according to one of the many Wild West

of

grasshopper," says Bergen,
president of the Marauders, which
formed in 2003 at the Mainville
Sportsmen's Club.
Cowboy Single' Action Shooting
(CSAS) -was created' in 1981
little

Participants

according to cowbo.y-like shooting
situations, and are required to
dress in fashions frorh the 1800s, in
and preservation of the

celebration

cowboy
"I

spirit.

think

it's

a lot of fun

if

you

you played cowboys or Indians or
watched them on TV," says Kathy
Kisbaugh, the Marauders' vicepresident and match director. "It's
just-a lot of fun to go back and just
feel Uke a kid, like you're playing all

Members also create a unique
cowboy or cowgirl aUas, appropriate
to a profession or character

from the

according to the Single Action
Shooting Society (SASS), and is

Kishbaxigh, known as Blu
Heart by her fellow cowboys and
cowgirls', says she wanted her
name to be Blazin' Heart, "just
meaning hot blue, blazing buUets,

with chapters

in all 50 states

and

European countries.

18

Cowboy

.

Action Shooting

19th century.

name

'knotty Lady" Castellano: Frank "Tad

Lyons: "Blackhawk Kid"; "Zach of

Diamonds" Vikara: "Dusty Ed" Bergen:

"Sod Busier

Ed"- Derrick: "Krusty

Witmoyer: "Dodge

Bill"

Back Row: Michael
lano: "Ricochet
'-.

Lathrop,
"Pill

Roller" Castel-

Rod" Bardo: "Jack

Silver"

-eily:"Dad'Blasted Dan" Thole: Fred

.'lifflin
'"

Ken"

Kid" Sides: Dale "Gio Bravo"

odano: "Texas Frank" Burk.
'>-oto

by Nina Gandolfo

he

says, "so

Dodges and

I

my

is Bill..'"

.

you know, but when I went to
register for SASS someone already
had that name,"- she explains.

^^It's

drive

each month at the Mainville
Sportsmen's Club or one of
the six other Cowboy Action
Shooting clubs wi^jfei a two hour
radius. The matches can last
from morning into late afternoon

_

Marsilia

'I

The Mainville Marauders meet

After a bit of tweaking.
PP. 18-19 Photo: Front Row:

alias for you,'"

thought

•

corhbines the sport of shooting
with history of the Old VVest

secretary and treasurer- savs he
picked his name. Dodge Bill,-on a
whim. "All I've driven are Dodges,
and it was one of those quick
things like 'yoy'^'e gotta think
of something, we've got to have

an

late

nice to be with a group of

people where no one really cares if
you're a brain surgeon or a farmer.
You're all here to have a good time

and

to

—

do

Dick

'

see why they call me Poor Roger, it's
because of her,'" jokes Kishbaugh.
Bill Lathrop, the Marauders'

day," she says.

and has about 75,000 members,

rapidly growing in popularity,

.

Kishbaugh came up with her alias
of Blu Heart by matching her
favorite color with her hobby of
collecting jewelry and decorations,
with hearts. Kishbaugh savs h«r
husband, Roger, likes to kid abou^
how he came up with his shooting
alias. Poor Roger. "Ask him and
he says lust haiig aroiind and- you 'U

it

safely."

Sunday

.

hours, depending on the

number

The Marauders
sometimes have up to 60 slio.oters
at a.time, says Kishbaugh. Each
of shooters.

group, or "posse," as the SASS
refers to them, takes about 45:60
minutes at each realistic Western

^Wou can be

the little poor kid who
works in the stable or a fancy sheriff
or mayor of the town. '^
-'^Kathy Kishbaugh

set or "stage."

The Marauders use six different
stages, most of which Bergen
built, including a lead mine, a
barbershop and bath house, a
saloon, and an outhouse. Each
stage has steeljtargets set out in
various patteifS'and distances.
Judging is based on speed,
•

accuracy/ and hitting targets in

proper sequence. Missing a target
adds five seconds to a shooter's
final time, and hitting out of
sequence, known as a "procedural,"
adds .10 seconds to a shooter's final
time. Shooters are only allowed
one procedural per stage.

"What you want to do when
you start shooting is to be
accurate, because with accuracy

comes speed," says Lathrop,
who's b&en shooting over 40 years
and owns an extensive collection
of firearms. "But every miss

when

you're in competition adds five
seconds to your time, so it's better
to take just a hair longer than miss
"tkfi

target,"

he says.

they load and imload on a bench in

which involves

front of a designated loadinglofficer

while shooting, but he stilJ shoots
there once a month..
At the state competition two
vears agoKishbaugh placed third
in the Ladies Traditional 49er5

for safety precautions.
is

Single Action Shooters never
at human targets and safety

infractions result in penalties such

as time

added

•

Shooting is a sport, there are no
hvige cash prizes or rewards for
winning, even at state and national
level competitions. Pennsylvania's
state

York.

fim to watch up there
because there are national
"It's

come out,"
Due to health

that

old fashioned gims with lead

two
hand gims, and a shotgim, which

can't

rifle,

.

Winning "blew

my mind

I

oriented; they

to overall scores or

even disqualification.
Although Cowboy Action

match takes place at North
Mountain Sportsmen's Association
in Franklin every year, and attracts
shooters from Delaware, New
-Hampshire, New Jersey, and New

motion

don't shoot that well, I
don't practice, I don't care, it's just
fun for me," she says.
Bergen says "It's very family

shoot

Lathrop says.
problems with his

bullets fox each scenario-a

category.

because

caliber revolvers.

champions

Participants use three different

•

our main priority,"
says B^jgen, who uses an original
1873 Winchester rifle, 1887 lever
action shot gun, and two Colt .45
"Safety

a lot of

.

have

little

kids,

mothers, fathers, grandfathers,
they all shoot, it's not a big
competition thing, you can make it
that way if you want to, but most
people have fun with it."
The Matnville Marauders
are a diverse crowd of locals,
including retired school teachers,
a pharmacist, a dentist, auto
mechanics, farmers, a helicopter

and a Neurosurgeon.
"Every trade you can think

pilot,

of,

we're out here," says Bergen.

Dick Sunday, known as Doc
is a dentist and firearms
instructor from Espy and has been
shooting for over 30 years. "It's
nice to be with a group of people
where no one really cares if vou're

Domingo,

-

'

feet,

Lathrop

compete in the North
Moimtain State Competition,

Michael Castellano
'Pill

Roller'

.

'

surgeon or a farmer,
here to have a good time
and to do it safely," he says.
Sunday may only live like a
cowboy on the weekends, but
he actually has connections
to legendary gun slinger ar\d
gambler John "Doc" Holiday.
Sunday and Holiday are
graduates of the dental school ai
the Universi-ty of Pennsylvania.
a brain

You're

all

•

.

Sunday

Like'.Holiday,

export with a

is

an

and handguns. However,
unlike Woliday who rode with

—

the Earp Brothers, was at the
Corral, and
gunfight at the
is known to have killed. several

OK

men

"I joined the

Simday, "to

Doc

Holiday/Spirit,

little bit

of the

maybe because

for

Action shooting. "Several of us
like- the history of it," says Bergen,
"I'malways reading about it and
there's a few of us here that swap
magazines and we're always
talking about it."

Shooter has a
philosophy that's
not a question of
just shooting targets
•

and dressing the

•

some

aspect, and others have an Lrtterest
in the historical part, of Cowboy

•

-

Marauders," says

relive a

of reasons,

Cowboy Action

in his lifetime-Sunday hasn't

killed anyone.

number

the love of shooting and antique
guns, some erijdy the costume

Jack Shelly,
'known as Jack
Silver, says that the

shotgun,

rifle,

for a

part,

of

but a question

what

the

cowboy

actually represented

we share the same profession and

in the course of

alma mater, and because I wanted to
be a part of the Wild Wild West."
According to Bergen, people join

American history.
"Cowboys are part
•

of the West, they're

what made the west and the U.S.
grow," says SheUy.
"People from other countries,
when they think of America, think
of cowboys. Not because they were
reckless, not because they carried
guns, or because they were bad,
but because of jhe spirit that the
cowboy represented,"" he says, "if
you don't put the philoSbphy in it
then it's just a sport."
'

.

,

2

UNIVERSITY
Store
Your one-stop shopping experience
on the campus of
Bloomsburg University!

Inside you will Gnd..
Textbooks - New and Used
General Books
School, Office, and Art Supplies
Insignia Clothing and Gifts
Convenience Foods and Dnnks
Personal Hygiene Items

But for Kishbaugh, Cowboy
Action Shooting is just ^way to
forget realit\^ for a day. "You can
be the little poor kid who works
in the stable or a fancy sheriff or
mayor of the town," she says, "you

kind of take away what you

are in

become a cowboy."
Whatever the reason the
MainviUe Marauders enjoy what
they do, they're keeping the Wild
West legacy alive, shooting one

Magazines
Phone Cards
Computer Software & Supplies

real life to

target at a time.

^

[For more information about the
MainviUe Marauder's, go.to loivw.

mscrange.org.]

...and

much more!!

^i Kodak Picture Maker

R^ Money Orders

^^ Laminating
J FedEx

^^ Western Union Pick-up
J^ Faxing

s
Textbook Buyback
At the end of each
semester, the Uni\"ersit\'

Store re -purchases textthat ha\e been
adopted for the upcoming semester
at 50% of the retail price. Textbooks
not needed for inventor^' may be

books

by the Missoun Book

piurchased

Company at the pre\ailing market
pnce. You can also donate your
books during

this

time as well!

Hours of Operation
Regular Semester Hours
- Thurs.
7 45 a.m. - S 00 p.m.

Men.

Friday

Saturday

1

Sundav

1

7

45 a.m.

-

I

00 p.m.

-

:00 p.m.

4 30 p.m.
5 00 p.m.

-4 30 p.m.

Summer Hours
Mon.
Sat.

-

-

Fri.

Sun.

8:00 a.m.

4:30 p.m.

Closed

Shop Online!!
Visit us

and make purchases

@

ww\v.bloomustore.com

V

=

Wvdv Qyieut Ta^f^

story by Holly Bergin

Photos by Nina Gandolfo
ilUViTTnTiTTn [1 OnTTi WS'iiJi\ fVIi KWfllTi iTd

of her most
Hill

rummages through

her cupboard looking for one final
touch. She pushes aside the cook-

memorable projects

an outdoor gazebo, and an oriental

pagoda.

For the past 27 years. Hill has

and brownie batter to reveal an almost secret
stash of dollar store candy. She
ies,

chips,

lays out her choices next to the
metal cookie sheet filled with
gingerbread cutouts in every
shape and size. She hovers her
hand less than an inch above
them, making sure no heat escapes. She sorts through t
wide candy selection and

range
er houses to a class for adults on
building multiple-story gingerbread mansions. Hill is a full-time
administrative assistant in the
University Relations office at
Bloomsburg University, focusing
on managing events and volunteers. When she is not working,
her spare time is consumed by
the classes she teaches and her
confectionary hobby.

As a young housewife whose
husband worked nights. Hill

j

utilized her creativity during

|

^ her time spent around the home.
When she was a child, her father
'--'' worked as a draftsman,

the perfect choice, reaches
into the

bag and pulls

oui;

personal favorite, spearmi
rings. When she finishes, one
of them will be a decorative

wing kitchen and home laywith particular details.
"The creative aspect was always

—

-

is

Christmas wreath hanging on
the front door.

1

"You can be as creative as
your imagination will allow,"
Hill says. The Bloomsburg resident has cultivated hundreds of
unique culinary creations from
Vthis classic holiday treat.
"''•~»erbread

Her

works showcase

there for me," she says.

When

teaching, she looks only for satisfaction from her students and

Linda

Hill

build her

helps Gianna

Miller, 5,

graham cracker house.

consumers. Accolades are not
why she gets involved. "I always
ask myself if it will put a smile
on someone's face; if so, that's the
only reward I need," she says.

Spectrum Magazine

Hill

made her first gingerbread

house in 1986

for her daughter's

grade teacher. The house was a
two-story Victorian home complete
with furnished rooms and a decorated front yard. It was 20 inches
high and took five days, four hours
per day, to complete. "I had no idea
it was such a long process; I wasn't
first

prepared for

The

it,"

teacher,

it

Susan Bickert,

until

weeks

made

later.

be eaten.
You display it for a while, but after that, it's time to dig in," Hill
says. That first Victorian mansion
remains the largest gingerbread
house she has ever made.
"Gingerbread

is

come every year wit
The class is for chil-

their families.

dren. Hill's favorite age group. "My
classes with the kids are by far
my favorites. They're sponges; tell

them anything

or any idea

and they

get so creative," Hill says.

Teaching classes and just baking
for fun. Hill still
]

"

man-

she says.

displayed the house in her classroom at G.C. Hartman Elementary
School for months. Bickert loved it
so much that she refused to let her
students eat

cracker class

to

ages
to find

ways

to
"'

gain inspiration. If
she's in

,

need

of a bright idea,

she looks to her
two-inch thick folder filled with pages
from magazines, pictures, brochures, and

'

it in my file. I've even
asked doctors' offices to take the
magazine or use their scissors to

began teaching at the local 4H club,
where her daughter was a member.
She now teaches year-round classes
in cake decorating and other con-

out and put

fections as well as the seasonal

tains

ones.

An annual class she teaches
during the holiday season focuses
on creating gingerbread houses us-

of past

ing graham crackers and decorating
them with candy.
Many who attend Hill's graham

tree in the front yard.

cut

it

out," she says.

The

folder con-

hundreds of pages and photos

work that spark ideas ranging from shape and size of a house
to the detailed ornaments on the
Hill often spends time researching her best ideas. The Chinese pagoda she built in
2005 for Blooms-

was
She

burg's Treefest

no exception.

made

trips to the

library to learn

about Chinese
'

architecture

and

She studied Chinese letculture.

tering to put over

the doorway, and

learned the importance of red and
gold in the Chinese culture. She
made them the

dominant

colors

thrnuffhout her de-

in Chinese culture.
Hill has entered contests in the
past including Bloomsburg's annual Treefest, several years in a row.

She has taken five first place and
two second place wins. Her unique
Chinese pagoda took home the
second place prize in 2005, the last
year she entered the contest. This
year, she and her husband plan to
vacation, free of competition, at

the annual National Gingerbread
House Contest in Asheville, N.C.

Today Hill builds gingerbread
houses as a personal hobby. She is
often asked why she doesn't open
her own bakery. "Once something
no longer fun. I
want to wake up at 5 a.m. to

is stressful, it is

don't

bake for strangers every day," she
says. Her same opinion goes for
entering contests. In order to keep
it

fun, she tries to avoid the stress
comes from constantly trying

that

outsmart her competition with
her own creativity.
Though she has been baking
for years. Hill has not yet tapped
out her creative process in finding
ideas. Her classes provide her sluto

gerbread ppomVIP^cond place
Blomsburg's Treefest in 2005.

Winter/Spring

2009

at

25

dents with the skills and inspiration to be as creative as she has

been over the years. She contir^
ues to be a mentor to her studei|
and provide them with helpful]
advice. "Just
started,

I

jump in

but don't

rus;

Royal icing is u
together pieces of graham
crackers and pretzel rods can

be used to

fix

broken pieces^

«V/«ll|*FWiT?l
kinds of gingerbread to choose from; be adventurous!
2.

IVIake sure thie pans are lined witli aluminum foil and some form of nonstick spray or spread to ensure the pieces will come off easily once they
cool.

3.

Cut out templates for the separate pieces

dough before
at the

putting

them

proper angles when

in cardboard. Trace them in the
the oven. This makes the pieces fit together
they are glued together.
in

4.

Gingerbread must be hard enough to provide stability, so it must be kept
away from moisture or the house will crumble. Stale gingerbread makes
for a great house!

5.

Make extra pieces in case
to eat.

.

one breaks.

If

you have

leftovers,

it's

just

more

Use whatever you can find in your kitchen to decorate. Be as creative as
you want and only be limited by your imagination.

\^.

$»1J

u^^ut?

Store Your
Small Engine Plane
with Us!
F.A.A.

Approved Repair
Station No.

JM2R930K
We

PRACTICE LIMITED TO ADULT & PEDIATRIC UROLOGY
By Appointment Only

Bloomsburg Municipal Airport
:

All Insurances Accepted
Other Location in Selinsgrove

301 Airport Road
Bloomsburg, PA 17815-9588

I

(570) 784-3070
Scott

2701 Columbia Blvd. Unit C •Bloomsburg
Winter/Spring

2009

do Lycoming &

Continental Overtiauls

Susquehanna Center for Incontiueuce

784-6041

L. Smitti,

President

f

From small hobby

to infatuation with inflation, the growing trend of
airblown inflatables has blown up the nation
by Alyssa Pierce

the past four years Ralph

In

Magill has blown up his

property over a dozen

resident decorates his front yard

with airblown
have become

some

inflatables,

of the

which

a lot,"

The airblown club [www.

members who have hundreds
and require months of preparation

club

for displays before the holidays."

to

zipper, plug
off,

Inflatables

range from

it

do

is

in,

stake

it

—Steven Paul
and

Magill decorates for Halloween,

Thanksgiving, Christmas, and

personal interests. "The inflatables'

Easter. "I

nylon type fabric makes

locally

to fold

it

possible

them

into

small boxes for easy storage," says

Steven Paul, president of

Gemmy

Industries Official Airblown

purchase

my inflatables

Gemmy

started manufacturing in

The club
on where to find
inflatables and introduces

2001," Paul says.
offers tips

get

seasons, special occasions,

28

collecting since

new

available in

a variety of characters, holidays,

inflatables before stores

them

in for each season.

Paul, of Cotton Plant, Miss.,

now owns over 300 inflatables. He
originally purchased a

few airblown

whenever possible,"
Magill says. However, to obtain a
wide variety, he has to buy from

young sons but

multiple venders throughout the

the official collectors club.

country.

"It is

sometimes

members

communicate with each other
quickly and easily. "Being a
member opens a vast
amount of knowledge from
members who have been
to

zip the

and are

homeowners

airblownclub.com] allows

and celebrate whatever
season you choose."

three to 15 feet

for

displaying inflatables," Magill says.

Magill says, "but there are other

you have

All

outdoor

tall

may seem like

people to share

the enjoyment of collecting or

f/

most popular
decorations.

to find local

Magill has collected over 50
inflatables. 'It

been
This Bloomsburg

times, but he hasn't

arrested vet.

Inflatables Club.

difficult

inflatables

during a post-holiday

sale for the entertainment of his
is

two

now president of

Paul decorates for Christmas and

Spectrum Magazine

the Fourth of July. "I have 16 acres
of land

and small decorations seem

to get lost in the

darkness of

my

property," he says.

Wendy Mint, owner of the
Dough Bakery, Bloomsburg,

Rising

has been decorating with
inflatables for over four years. "I

started using

them because they

were something new," she says.
Mint has one inflatable each for
Easter, Valentine's Day, Halloween,
Thanksgiving, and Christmas and
winter, which she places out front

of her bakery.

An

"People are always looking

inflatable

store, "so

I

try

always order

Eyerly says Cole's
sells

my best to

new and

inflatables." Cole's

different

Hardware

store sells inflatable decorations
for

archway

leads the

something different," says
Dennis Eyerly, manager at the
Bloomsburg Cole's Hardware
for

Halloween, Thanksgiving,

and Christmas.
Eyerly has thought about selling
inflatables for other holidays but

says he hasn't found a source with
a reasonable asking price. "I have

about 75

house of Ralph and Pat Magill
a Halloween cemetery.

at the

way

to

Hardware

to 100 inflatables

a year, with Christmas and
Halloween being the most popular.
Although some inflatables can
range up to hundreds of dollars.
Cole's sells most of its inflatables
for

about $40-60.

"The most I have spent on an
inflatable is about $75," says Mint,

who

since she doesn't leave

them

outside from one day to the next.
"It would be nice if I could leave
them outside all the time and just
unplug them at night," she says,
"but one time while I was in the
back of the bakery working late
and hadn't brought my inflatable
inside someone walked bv and

slashed

decorates the outside of her

it."

MagiU's favorite holidays for

customers asking for Valentine's

bakery rather than the front yard

inflatables are

Day and

of her house.

Christmas. This past Halloween

in

hopes

Easter inflatables," he says,
of finding a source soon.

Mint

is

thankful that

inflatables

Wendy

Mint,

owner

of Rising

Dough Bakery,

he added a walk-in inflatable

blow themselves up

sets up an inflatable

Halloween and

haunted house

snowman

to his displa\-.

to help celebrate the

^^^^aiaiH^^

The

season.

Paul's collection,

which

includes expensive prototypes,
is

worth about

member
Official

of

$21,000.

As

a

Gemmy Industries

Airblown Club Paul
has the opportunity
to

purchase

prototypes that are

made

not

A

of people notice,
some people actually

available to

lot

the public.
I

come up and

take their ,,
re with the inflatable.

inflatable is

—Wendy

feet wide, 17
feet long

and

who purchased his
haunted house inflatable

on eBay, paid about $500 after
an understanding that it was no
longer going to be manufactured.

The enormous walk-in inflatable
is black and purple and decorated
with hanging spiders
and flying bats.
The inflatable
in seconds

by three

NASCAR
No. 3 Dale

Earnhardt

12

feet high. Magill,

self inflates

int

have

the only

inflatable

powerful

electrical

blowers and

known

is

equipped with a motion sensor,

which activates blinking lights,
glowing eyes, creepy soimds, and
spooky laughter.
Magill's display, which had

about," Paul says.
inflatable
it.

Paul's

The

NASCAR

has Santa Claus driving

annual Christmas

display often attracts several

thousand people.

He puts

all of

14 inflatables, received positive

his inflatables in the display along

responses with visitors stopping

with

by and checking it out. "I am really
looking forward to future years,"
he says, "I will continue to build
bigger and better displays."
Mint,

who decorates with

a

single inflatable, also receives

"A lot of people
"some people,

positive responses.
notice," she says,

lights,

wooden cutouts, and

musical sequenced light shows.

"Decorating for the holidays

is

a

personal preference," Paul says,
"but inflatables are huge, easy to
set up,
1

and durable.

My family and

love collecting them."

Whether blowing up

16 acres of

land or just a front yard, power-

both adults and children, actually

operated air compressors supply

come up and take

inflatables

with the

their picture

inflatable."

Christmas

to stay

isn't just a

up. "All

do is zip the

favorite for inflatable

stake

collectors. "It is the

most popular season

with plenty of hot

blown

it

zipper, plug
off,

air

you have

and

it

to

in,

celebrate

whatever season you
for

choose," says Paul.^

inflatable decorations,"

Sam
Snowman and the

Paul says, "with
the

Abominable Snowmai
being the most popula
characters." Since

these

two snowmen

are no longer being

manufactured they range
from $300 to $400 on eBay

They

originally sold for

about $40.

Spectrum Magazine

HOPE FOR

MKISTAI^
by Kristy Westbrook
a land rich with culture, but

In

and poverty, Drs. Saleem and Aslam
Khan have found a way to
filled

with

conflict,

help underprivileged Pakistani
children succeed.
Children in the poorer societies
of Pakistan are often discouraged
from going to school, because they
are seen as a source of income for
their family, says Dr. Saleem Khan,
professor of economics at Bloomsburg University. To help literacy
rates, the Khan brothers created
the Mubarak Learning Foundation.
"They think the life they are living is preordained and they can't
get out," says Khan. The Khans believe if children are given a basic
education they may increase their
productivity; eventually, the country's

economy

will prosper.

In one of the poorest countries
in the world with a population of
over 160 million. Khan says literacy
is only about 50 percent, with the
rates dropping as low as five percent in

"My

some

societies.

interest in literacy rates

came

after traveling and seeing
other countries prosper and wanting to help Pakistan," he explains.
Khan believes low literacy rates
are the cause of militancy problems around the world.
The Foundation consists of
four programs-the Pakistan Literacy Project, the Rahmat Citizen

Library, the Pakistan Institute of

Literacy Research,
for

women

and two centers
and

to learn stitching

embroiderv.

According

to the

program provides
Winter/Spring

Khans, the
literacy cen-

2009

ters

and

learn-

ing resources for
financially disad-

vantaged girls and
boys in rural and

A Pakistani student identifies urdu alphabet in
a class at the Mubarak Learning Foundation.

The Rahmat Citizen
Library holds books of general interest, Urdu and English literature, and college-level textbooks.
The Pakistan Institute of Literacy
virban areas.

Research develops literacy materials, has a literacy news letter, a
Pakistan Journal of literacy, and
researches literacy projects. Khan
says each stitching center for wom-

en has 10 sewing machines and
one embroidery machine. The students are taught skills that are useful to get a job.

March 2006

In

opened the
ters,

Khans
cen-

each teaching 35 students

time.
old,

the

first 10 literacy

at a

Most students are 7-15 years

cannot afford

to attend regu-

and work

to help their
family survive. At the beginning
of each session students are given
a "literacy basket." The basket includes an Urdu language text, an
English language text, a mathematics book, a chalkboard and a pack
of pencils. After completing the
program, students ha\'e reached
the competency equivalent to an
American fourth or fifth grade le\-el.
Aslam Khan uses his Ph.D. in
chemistr\- in the lab they ha\-e
built to test the water in the area
to make sure it is health\" to drink.
lar school,

"We want

to gi\e

them knowledge

in the en\ironment, awareness, so
from childhood the\- learn the value
of keeping

Khan

says.

good environments,"

Mubbashir Ahmed, a BU graduand director of the MLF

ate student

says the rural areas of Pakistan
are nothing like the United States.
"The homes of students have neither electricitv nor clean water, and

students come to class after working in the fields," he says.
The communit\- center provides the building and electricitv; everything else is provided by
the foundation. The teachers were
originall}' volunteers but are now
paid, and program supplies come
from personal funds of the Khans.
Unlike many non-profit organizations in the United States,
programs in Pakistan do not get
government funding because the
country doesn't have the means
to help, says Saleem Khan.
Four terms and nearly 600 stu-

dents ha\'e completed the program.

The program has been so

effecti\"e

that three centers closed because

the children in those areas ha\e
completed it, says Khan.

alread^•

The foundation hopes to become
what Saleem Khan calls "a good,
solid program" in fi\e years, so
thev are able to expand the program further. With the installation
of literac\- programs, he beliexes

knowledge can bring power

to

an

impoxerished countr\'. "I think
gi\en the opportunities, financial
and educational, the\' can reallv
stri\'e. They ha\e the potential,"
says Khan. ^

31

>w one

woman

finds cash in the attic

by Jamie Werner

For

most people, an

racks of items full of color, per-

attic is

a place to discard items

sonality,

and charm. Although

no longer a part

the store

may be

life.

of their

bound yearbooks signed by
to reflect rays off their

used

polished ex-

on the football field, sewing machines that turned rags into
masterpieces, and even work out
equipment you thought was a good
investment at the time becomes covered with inch-thick dust and eaten
away by years of abandonment.
Laura Brehmer, however, finds
teriors

possibilities in this

sprit is

cemetery of

to find

anywhere else in the area.
Brehmer started out in the vintage clothing business over 20

years ago in the sleepy

town

of

Blackfoot, Idaho. Today, her busi-

grown with

ness has

tion of three stores

the addi-

and

Brehmer admits she just
"fell

into

it,"

ended up

a website.
sort of

talking about

in the

how she

world of vintage

fashion.

In 1980, while cleaning out a

nostalgia.

Walking

its

shopping experience hard

best

friends, brass instruments that

small,

loud, offering customers a unique

Treasures, like leather

friend's house, she

into The Cat's Pajamas,

on Iron Street in
Bloomsburg is like jumping back
in time. Walls adorned with leop-

stumbled upon

piles of forgotten trash bags. In-

a vintage store

side the bags,

Brehmer found her

She took the vintage garments in exchange for payment.
"Every piece is a piece of
history," says Brehmer. "We

calling.

ard print accents lead shoppers to

Hauze, pointing out that fashion of
past decades, "used more organic

vintage glamour."

fabrics like cotton that lasted."

cally

gether, they find potential

ers

styles of the past into designer

pieces of today.

Brehmer's business is also
one that is environmentally
friendly. Rather than throw-

The

Cat's

Pajamas

offers a

ing paintings, bags,

32

and lamps.

Not only does Brehmer

ning her successful business
with the help of her daughterin-law, Stephanie Hauze. To-

and money in places people
would least expect. In basements, closets and attics, Brehmer and Hauze turn forgotten

variety of vintage items includ-

one of many items
Bloomsburg store.

coat,

at her

like to consider the clothes as

Today, she keeps busy run-

m

Laura Brehmer displays a 70s

suede

sell lo-

with stores in Bloomsburg,

Danville and Williamsport, she
also sought out

working in the film industry.
Her clothes have been featured in
movies including Pearl Harbor, Titanic, Across the Universe, and Hollywoodland. "Drew Barrymore wore
the same hat in her movie, Riding iii
Cars with Boi/s, that I used to wear
to the market," Brehmer says with
a grin.

And even

if it is

the small-

est detail, like the pair of shoelac-

were bought

ing these treasures away, she

es that

wants everyone to understand
that "they have an option to

Pearl Harbor,

sell

just as thrilling as the first.

it."

"Fashion often recycles
self

it-

year after year," explains

is

by costume design-

for the

movie

each time she sees one
of her items on an actor it is still

Brehmer doesn't
to specific

limit herself

brands or styles in her

Spectrum Magazine

.

^%
She

stores.

© PNC BANK
not afraid of

is

and bold

eccentric prints
ors,

but rather

by them.

is

col-

"I try to stick to

fabulous.

My eyes are drawn

to prints.

I

but

I

RETIREMENT

fascinated

want it

to

is

just

around the comer.

she says. Mostly

can't,"

shoppers can find items from
the 1940s to the 1970s
in

...SO

mixed

with paintings, lamps,

handbags, jewelry, and other
timely pieces. Dior, Pucci,

i

door once in a while.

The biggest

50 W. Main St.
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
(570)387-4501

Member

deciding to invest in a

\intage piece

how

issue faced

ARE WE.

9

and Marimekko, all designer
brands, ha\'e been known to
find their way through the

when

.

be calm

that despite

is

and unique
some garments may be,
beautiful

many people are reluctant
because they are fearful of
how to care for it. Some common fabrics found in vintage
clothing are cotton, lace,

silk,

rayon, wool,

and

fur, leather,

velvet. After years of

proper storage,

im-

many can't

hold up against the elements.

However, caring for vintage clothing

than one

is

actually easier

may think. Brehmer

says anyone can put a vintage piece

made of cotton in

washing machine just
as you would a sweater you
bought at the mall last week.
Some are washed best by
the

hand, while others are safe
cleaned by a dry cleaner

knows about vintage
Brehmer

nex'er

Monday - Saturday
4:00 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.

SPECIAL BUFFET
Thursday

-

Saturday

if

who

fabrics.

went

to

school for fashion but read as

much as she could about

it.

"Most of it

is

learning as you

helps

if

you have an eye

go.

It

for

it,"

she says.

236

Iron Street

Bloomsburg, PA 17815
- (570) 389-0281

^

Winter/Spring 2009

33

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{()ain-9:0(tpm

Spectrum Masazine

Summer/Fall 2009

Spectrum Magazine

^^

Vol.

about the cover:

Sparks fly as

welds a project

Recycling Center, Paxinos. The

at Jeflfs

Mike Greenwalt

Recession has aifected the demand for recycled materials,

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Walter M. Brasch

leaving the junk yard with 300,000 pounds of aluminum,

EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Kelly

23 No. 2

Summer/Fall 2009

150,000 pounds of newspapers, and 100,000 pounds of

MacMath

cardboard that nobody wants. Photo by Gary F. Clark

Q

EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION
MANAGING EDITOR

Behind the Lines

Megan Angstadt
SENIOR EDITORS
Martha Harris
Michelle Sarver

Recession Rescues:
the

ASSISTANT EDITORS
Kimberlee Courtney

8

Holly Bergin

hit of

Local animal shelters are feeling

the economic recession

(Holly Bergin)

Restoring the Memory: A Benton man's lifelong
dreams of restoring his car is cut short (Terrence Haynes)

Alyssa Pierce

Andrea Pugliese

Under Wraps:

ART AND DESIGN DIRECTOR

Sushi

is

gaining popularity in our area

Nicole Clark Martinez

DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
David

P.T.

Flores

Bogus Bucks:

Counterfeiting

with more than

$64

is on the rise in the recession
fake cash circulating in

2008 (Megan Angstadt)

DEPUTY EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Jenna Wisniewski

More than
ADVERTISING

Minerals: A look at the latest makeup trend

uncovers a foundation of surprising ingredients that could

ADVERTISING MANAGER
Kristy

million in

have an ugly effect on your health (Kimberlee Courtney)

Westbrook
Clipping

ASSISTANT ADVERTISING MANAGER
Alyssa Pierce

18

the Cost: Consumers are filling their carts

without emptying their wallets (Andrea Pugliese)

ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES
Michelle Sarver

Matt Petrini

Michael Johnson

PROMOTION

Joseph W. Humes

PROMOTION DIRECTORS

BUSINESS MANAGER
Christel Sholley

Holly Bergin

CIRCULATION

Kimberlee Courtney

EDITORIAL/GRAPHICS

CIRCULATION DIRECTOR
Ashley Seigfried

ASSISTANT PROMOTION DIRECTOR

Jonathan Gass
Mike Dostal
Brandy Mankiewicz

CONSULTANTS
Jamie Werner

CIRCULATION SPECIALISTS
Terrence Haynes
Keith Jablonski

Matt Shuey
Bridgette

PROMOTION SPECIALISTS
Bridgette Bonner
Andrea Pugliese

Bonner

Matt Petrini
Matt Shuey

PRINTING CONSULTANTS

Mike Bischof
Ken Engel

WEBMASTERS

^mmmmm

MaryJayne Reibsome

^^

^m2_ Dave

Fry

Spectrum Magozine

20
24

30
34
36
38
41

Change

in

Fortunes: Recession and Recycling (Joseph W. Humes)

Uncovering A Lost Heritage: Two sisters retrace their family's history to
the Carlisle Indian School after years of being unaware of their Native Amerian
heritage (Kelly

MacMath)

Taking the Lead:

Local volunteers are raising puppies for

become canine guides for the

awaiting the day their dogs can

The Seeing Eye
blind

(Alyssa Pierce)

Capturing the Essence'' a
into

local

photographer brings forgotten features

focus (Kimberlee Courtney)

Love

© First Site: Two residents unexpectedly find love on an internet

dating website (Ashley Seigf ried)

A Long Way to

Liberty: An Immigrant family escapes a war to

the United States offers struggles of

its

find that

own (Michelle Sarver)

Local Lingo: The dialects of Columbia and Montour counties reflect a
mining history (Kristy Westbrook)

From Street Struggles to School Success:

coal

American volunteers at a

Guatemalan trade school that offers hope to students from impovershed
communities (Martha Harris)

The Path of Least Expenses: From

Nature

Trails to Waterfalls, families

nurture their outdoor spirits at Ricketts Glen (Jenna Wisniewski)

Spectrum

is

published twice a year by the journalism program

at

Bloomsburg

University.

Address: Bloomsburg University
MCHS 1229, 400 E. Second Street
Bloomsburg. Pa. 17815
Phone: (570) 389-4825
Website: http://spectrum.bloomu.edu

No

portion of Spectrum

may be

reprinted without its permission. Printed by
(Montoursville, Pa.)

© 2009 Spectrum
ISSN # 0892-9459
Summer/Fall 2009

GRIT Commercial

Printing

T^/nkViir-iH fni^ T iTii^c
troubled. Finally, we profile a hard working immigrant
feeling the
There's
family from El Salvador who found that getting into the
hit of the recession — hard. As of April, the
no denymg4t, our area

is

unemployment rate was at 8.5 percent in
Columbia County, and 6.5 percent in Montour
County. Last December, Fleetwood Motor

Homes

in Paxinos closed, leaving 325 people jobless.
In March, Sunbury Textile Mills laid of 42 employees,
and Evangelical Hospital in Lewisburg cut 28 full-time
workers. Bloom Mills in Bloomsburg shut down in June
after 120 years in business, putting 134 people out of

work. Several other local companies have had layoffs,
and others have cut full-time workers' hours. The U.S.
unemployment rate was 8.5 percent in March, according
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Have we seen the
worst yet? We all hope so.
The summer/fall 2009 issue of Spectrum Magazine
is "The Recession Issue." Our intention wasn't to create
a magazine underlining the strain of the economy on
our area, but rather to bring to our readers the issues
and events of their community. After going into the
surrounding communities and talking to the people, the
staff found that the effects of the recession are issues
and events in Columbia and Montour counties.
We lead off the magazine with "Recession Rescues," a
story of pet owners in financial struggle, with no choice
but to abandon their animals. Shortly after that we
feature a story about the usage of counterfeit money on
the rise because of the economic crisis. Next, pay-out
prices at a recycling yard in Paxinos drop significantly,
leaving people who once depended on the extra income

FANTASIES
^YREBECCA

U.S. was only half the battle.
In consumer tips. Spectrum shows readers how to
fill their grocery cart without emptying their pockets,

misconceptions about the mineral makeup
an idea for a family weekend
trip that fits into the budget.
In our human interest stories, Spectrum examines the
path of training a puppy to become a guide dog for the
blind. We look at a local photographer whose childhood
hobby turned into something she never dreamed was
possible, and a man's love for car restoration that was

and

clarifies

trend.

We

also give readers

tragically cut short.

For a touch of culture, we look at the unique dialects

mining region, and we introduce sushi to
our readers, the Japanese food that's making its way to
of the coal

Columbia and Montour counties. Finally, we feature a
story about American volunteers at a Guatemalan trade
school for underprivileged children, and retrace the ugly
legacy of the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania.
As always. Spectrum is proud to be your awardwinning community magazine for over 22 years, and
we hope that these stories reach out to our readers,
giving them pride in their community, no matter what

economic state it's in.
[Look for additional stories on Spectrum Magazine's
new website at http://Spectrum.bloomu.edu.]

—Kelly MacMath

Providing financial well-being
for our

members through

dedicated professional and
personal service for over 50 years.

Bloomsburg Branch
2251 Columbia Blvd.
570-784-5200
Fax: 570-784-5233


DESIGN
KLNTAL

PHILADELPHIA

Main St
Bloomsburg

FEDERAL CREDIT UNION

(570) 784-4436

pfcu.com

55 East

WWW.BLOOMSBURGCOSTUMESHOP.COM

I

A

Spectrum Masazine

Recession Kesertteg

J ^

^^._ Local Animal Shelters are Feeling the Hit
of the Economic Recession
by Holly Bergin

A

pet

owner

frantically

made

animal shelters in a
panic over what to do with
calls to

The
owner had lost his job, forcing him
to move out of his house and into

his 11-year-old Rottweiler-Lab.

a small apartment.

He no

longer

had the space or the money to keep
his loving companion because of a
country in economic downturn.
"It's happening a lot; I'm getting
calls from people and have no room
to take their animals," says Cheryl

surrenders for a fee of $25 for cats,
$50 for dogs, and $75 for litters, to
a "no-kill" adoption center shelters,
where they will not kill an animal
unless it is an extreme case dealing
with aggression or fatal illness.
The average cost of owning a
dog is about $1,400 annually, and
$1,000 for a cat, according to a
survey conducted by the American
Pet Products Association. Unlike
larger organizations, smaller, local
shelters have limited space

and must

owner of Mostly Mutts in
Sunbury. Animal rescues in the area
are being hit with phone calls from
frantic pet owners who can't keep
their companion animals because of
job losses, pay cuts, or downsizing
their homes.
The top reasons for pet surrenders
in the United States include moving,

be more selective of the animals they
take in and put up for adoption.
"We don't have to take in every
dog that someone doesn't want," says
Shannon Talanca of Pennsylvania
Stray Save, Berwick. However, Stray
Save is working toward obtaining

landlord issues, and cost of pet
maintenance, according to the
National Council of Pet Population

and other volunteers

Hill,

Study and

Policy.

Kathy Barrett,

humane and dog law

officer for

Berwick borough, as well as
Salem, North Center, and Briar
Creek townships, says that two in
particular are causing the rising
numbers. 'T think it's a combination
of people not being able to afford to
care for and feed the animals and
the Pennsylvania Society- for the
|i(Pr event ion of Cruelty to Animals
charging people to relinquish the
animal," she says. "People can't
afford to take care of their pets, so
they can't afford to pay someone to
take them," she says. In March, the

PSPCA announced

that

it

will

no

unwanted pets from
owners. It went from being

longer accept
their

a shelter accepting frequent pet

Summer/Fall 2009

sufficient

money

shelter. In the

to build its

own

meantime, Talanca
foster the

animals in their homes and work
with other shelters in the area
until they are adopted, limiting the
number of animals they can take in.
Stray Save works closely with
Barrett. "Occassionally

I

get calls

for a horse or a goat," says Barrett,

although her most frequent calls are
about stray dogs and cats. She says
she rescues anywhere from five to 15
animals per week. She and Talanca
agi'ee that the

number

of stray

animals being reported or found has
been increasing.
The Humane Society of the United
States estimates that six to eight
million cats and dogs enter animal
shelters each year: about half are
euthanized.
Local shelters, such as Mostly
Mutts and Stray Save, and now the

PSPCA,

call

themselves

"no-kill".

The number

of strays

rising in the area,

Barrett,

on the streets

is

according to Kathy

hunnane dog law

officer.

Because of the policy, the shelters
have limited space.
Hill says she tries her best to help
keep the animals in their homes and

the streets. "If someone doesn't
take their pet, people just let them go
free," she says. To help pet owners.
Hill provides them with products that
have been donated to Mostly Mutts,
including dog food, crates, blankets
and even routine vaccinations. If she
cannot take the pet into her shelter at
the time, she often refers the owner
to other organizations that may have
room.
Shelters are doing what they can
in a weak economy, but are also
feeling the pressure to rescue and
take care of these animals without
sufficient room or money to do so.
Animals are cared for and given
shelter based on monetary donations
and volunteer work. This limits
the space and usable pet products,
causing shelters to be selective about
the animals they take in. "No matter
how you cut it. it's the economy,"
says Hill.
off

^^

estonng t
A 3enton

man's

lifelong

dreams of restoring

his car are cut short

by Terrence Haynes

With
and

and torque made the work well
worth it. "Turin was super talented
with his hands," says Jason

ambition in his heart
restoration on his
mind, Turin Gerhardt
of Benton, turned the key to his
1984 Volkswagen Scirocco for the
first time. After Ustening to the
purr of the motor, meticulously
checking for rust, rock chips, and
mechanical issues he knew this was
the car for him. Gerhardt was a
fan of Volkswagen since he was 10
years old and a proud owner of his
Scirocco since 2005. "I always loved
Volkswagen; my brother had a 1985
GTI 16 valve in 1996, so from then
on I learned what I could from him
and his friends," he said.

Gerhardt, Turin's older brother.
"Anything he picked up he learned
very fast. He taught himself the
guitar, piano and had very strong
mechanical skills," he says.

up

to Scirocco

owners and

nice Scirocco,' instead
isn't

of,

many
is,"

people know what the
said Gerhardt. European

uncommon

in small towns,

when something broke on

the

having a welder.
For over three years, Gerhardt
had been building the Scirocco,
and had no plans of selling it.
Gerhardt spent countless hours
building the vehicle and was unsure
if anyone could appreciate it as
much as he did. Many would view
spending money and time on a

'Hey,

that the car from Back to the
original Scirocco

control of the Scirocco as

Scirocco he had to learn to fix it.
The biggest problem he had was not

Future?'" Gerhardt said.

The

conditions of the road.

so

say, 'Hey,

began

production in 1974 and remained a
strong presence in the Volkswagen
line-up until production ended in
1992. The unique two-door style
of the Scirocco makes it a classic

Even the world's

1984 Scirocco in a muscle car town,

cars are

VW

Turin Gerhardt di-ove his Scirocco
for the last time.

At times, owning a 25-year-old
car could be a problem. "Having a
not
car

that is
The Scirocco isn't a
seen on the street everyday. "I
would like to see more people come

vintage Volkswagen as a waste. To
Gerhardt, it was just a way of life.
"He wanted to fix and rescue every
broken Volkswagen that he saw,"
says his brother.
On the snowy night of Feb 2,

greatest drivers can't control the

into another vehicle

He

lost

it

slid

on Route 239.

Gerhardt was killed driving the
vehicle he loved so much. "Turin

was

when you
because he could make

the kind of guy to talk to
are upset,

you laugh no matter the situation,"
says Jason. "He was a very unselfish
man that would do anything for
his friends or family," says Jason.

Gerhardt believed that with the right
and hard work, restoring
a classic Volkswagen could be done.
"He was a blessing that I got
to enjoy for 20 years," says Jason.
tools, time,

"Granted, that isn't a long time,
but the 20 years I have
^"^
known and loved him were
so incredible. I wouldn't
change it for the world
C5S

The 1984 Scirocco owned by
Gerhardt is powered by a 2.0 Liter,
four-cylinder engine from a 1995
car.

I had a decent
and a cherry picker

Jetta. "Thankfully
size garage

engine hoist," said Gerhardt. "I don't
think I could have done the swap
without one." For added power,
Gerhardt turbocharged the motor.
After graduating from Benton
High School. Gerhardt bought the
turbo parts from his brother and the
turbo plumbing parts from eBay.
Adding a turbocharger to a naturally
aspirated motor was not an easy
a.sk, but
1

rhe added
horsf^power

For Turin Gerhardt
restoring his

Scirocco

(right)

(top),

1984 white

was his

life

dream
spectrum Magazine

The Japanese
gaining
popularity in our area
cuisine

is

is wrapped in a complex roll of preparation,
and variations in taste and ingredients. This

he art of sushi
history,

specialized cuisine
"Sushi

is

a

little

more

is

slowly catching on in this area.
not always the case.

pricy. It's not as

popular [here], but I think it's going to be,"
says John Huang, chef at Ruyee in Danville.
This Japanese cuisine can be traced
to its roots in the 4th century B.C. in
Southeast Asia. The word "sushi" refers
to foods that contain rice seasoned with
vinegar. In China, people preserved
fish and other meats by packing them
with rice, allowing them to stay fresh
for months, cleaning out the rice when
they were ready to use the meat. In the
8th century, sushi was adopted by the
Japanese, and it is this form of the food
that is best known today. There are no

heavy
Story by

Megan Angstadt,
Michelle Sarver,

Jamie Werner
Photos by

David PT. Floras
Summer/Fall 2009

sauces, oils, or

fat.

"Fish has to be high grade to eat it
raw," says Wenqing Wu, sushi chef at the

Tokyo Diner, Selinsgrove. The Japanese
adaptation of sushi uses
vinegared rice, which
helps keep the fish fresh.

Although often
associated with raw

Wu

John Huang
prepares sushi
for

fish.

cautions that this

is

customers

at the

Ruyee

restaurant.

Some

sushi, including

California rolls, contain only rice

and

vegetables; several contain cucumber,

avocado, and asparagus.

Sushi can be prepared and served in a
The fish can be placed on
hand-formed pads of rice, a combination
called Nigiri, or on top of squares of
pressed rice, known as Oshi. Chirashi
sushi, a larger dish normally served in a
bowl, is composed of the chefs choice of
toppings, scattered casually in layers on
variety of ways.

top of

rice.

i:

•»

JE

WU-.

czraEC,

r
Counterfeiting

is

on the rise in the recession with more

than $64 million in fake cash circulating in 2008
by Megan Angstadt
Counterfeiting is no longer the art it was
when letterpress printing presses were used,
skill,

and creating a fake $20 bill took
and bulky equipment.

artistic

time,

Today's counterfeiters use technologies that are widely
available. Copiers, Inkjet printers, scanners and other
modern technologies allow someone with basic computer
skills to counterfeit currency in a few minutes.
Ed Donovan, spokesman for the U.S. Secret Service,
says the percentage of counterfeit money made by Inkjet
printers has gone up in recent years. "Almost 60 percent
of counterfeit money is manufactured using Inkjet
technology," he says.
However, while these computer technologies make
it easier to create the fake currency, they also make
it easier to detect it. The Secret Service made 2,231
domestic arrests for counterfeiting in 2008, up 28
percent from 2007, says Donovan.
Mass layoffs defined as instances that total 50 or
more people from a single employer losing their job at
the same time reached record highs last year, according
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The number of people
included in these mass layoffs totaled more than two
million across America, the highest levels since 2001 says
the Bureau. More than 12 million are now unemployed.

—
—

10

In this depressed economy, counterfeiting seems
be thriving. However, the Secret Service has not
conducted any statistical studies to prove or disprove
that counterfeiting is on the rise due to the recession,
according to Donovan. "Nationally, we haven't tied
anything in the economy to a rise in counterfeit," he says.
While in the past, counterfeiting has been the realm
of drug dealers and other major criminals, authorities
are seeing others joining the ranks, from college
students trying to pass off a counterfeit $20 bill for a
pizza to middle-aged working men handing over forged
money at gas pumps. "It's very easy for someone with
the inclination to print out some counterfeit money, a
few 20s, and go out for the night, go to a party," says
Donovan. "Essentially however, we see a wide range
to

from a lone individual to large gi'oups
producing mass amounts of counterfeit," he says.
Counterfeiters passed $64.4 million in fake cash into the
of criminals,

economy

in fiscal year 2008, a five percent increase over

2007, according to Donovan. However, banks in the area
aren't seeing

many

fake

bills.

At

M&T Bank, Bloomsburg.

there have only been three cases of counterfeit

bills found
months, according to Melissa Fisher, branch
manager. "In the most recent case, the bill was worn, it
looked like it had been in circulation awhile," says Fisher.

in the past 18

Spectrum Magazine

M&T was a $50 bill. In
might be easier to pass off bills of a smaller
denomination than larger denomination bills because of
the attention they might draw. "Every once in a while a
larger bill will pop up, but we mostly see $10 bills and $20
Each

of the counterfeit bills at

this area,

bills.

it

The people that are trying

pass them realize there's
says Dave Ritter, regional

to

with smaller bills,"
security manager for Pennsylvania's
less scrutiny

The $100
$20

bill,

bill is

made

and

bill

and buy

make a $20 bill and
much return," he says.

$95. If you

buy a $5 item, you didn't make as
In Columbia and Montour counties, one of the largest
tourist attractions is the annual Bloomsburg Fair,
drawing about

starch.

The

pens' ink will

colored on a genuine

the

bill is

show up

clear or

amber

with the ink turning black if
counterfeit, according to Fisher. However, they
bill,

are not foolproof, and occasionally

show

false positives,

or false negatives, according to Ritter.

M&T Banks.

the most counterfeited, followed by the

says Donovan. "If you print a $100

a $5 item, you just

determine if there are residual chemicals in the paper
left over from the printing process, such as iodine salts

A

question that concerns consumers is how to detect
if they should receive one. "Make sure

counterfeit bills

when you
it

money from someone that you look at
anything looks out of the ordinary, such

receive

carefully. If

as the size of the

bill, or the texture, it's a red flag,"
says Bittenbender. "If someone feels they are given a
bill that is counterfeit, it is totally within their right

ask the retailer to
exchange it," says Kent
to

412,000 people
in 2008. "During

Wissinger. spokesman

holidays and

for

the fair

is

M&T Bank.
There are several

when

counterfeit bills

ways

pop up. What

is

better place

way

money and have
no one expect
it than on the
fairgrounds?"says

Luanne
Bittenbender,

manager
and security

training

officer at First

A member of the Secret Service packs up confiscated counterfeit bills

Bloomsburg.
During the holiday
season, especially around Christmas, the cases of
counterfeit money being seen are higher than during
normal months, says Donovan.
Bloomsburg's Wal-Mart isn't seeing an increase in
counterfeit bills. "We probably get maybe three to five
counterfeit bills a year," says Andrea Parcell, of WalMart's accounting office. Haili Shetler, a cashier at
Wal-Mart, agrees with Parcell, stating that in her year
and a half as a cashier, she has dealt more with money
swindles and theft than counterfeit bills. "We thought

we had

a counterfeit the
other day, but it was just an

worn bill." says Shetler.
"We held it up to the light
old

check for the thread
running through it, but we
don't check them usually, we
just put it in the drawer and
accounting gets it," she says.
Wal-Mart once used
counterfeit currency checking
pens at every register.
These pens are often used to
Summer/Fall 2009

a

bill

One

hologram, the colorshifting ink of the
number in the lower
right-hand corner on
$10, $20, and $50 bills.
If this color shift does
not occur, you can tell
it's not genuine. "The
hologram, embedded in
the bill, appears as the
face on the portrait of
the bill. If you have a
bill with Ben Franklin

counterfeit

to

if

is to look for
the watermark or

to circulate

Columbia Bank
and Trust,

to tell

counterfeit.

in the portrait,

Bunny

in the hologram,

it's

and Bugs

a dead giveaway that

it's

a

counterfeit," says Bittenbender.

Other ways

to tell a phony bill from a genuine one
take a close look at the portrait on the bill. The
portrait on a real bill should look lifelike, while a
counterfeit bill will look modeled and fake because the
security features can't be embedded within the bill.
Authentic serial numbers on genuine bills are of a
is to

—
and are evenly
numbers are
printed with the same color ink as
distinctive style,

spaced.

The

serial

the Treasury seal.
bill,

On

a counterfeit

the serial numbers

may be

a

shade or even a different
than the seal, and may not be
uniform in alignment or spacing.
different

color

i^^k

'^

v^^^^n

According to Bittenbender, the serial
number is marked twice on a bill
once in the lower left-hand corner,
and then again in the upper righthand corner. "The serial numbers
should be identical; if there are any
discrepancies, it's a dead giveaway,"
she says.

^^

[For more information on
to detect

a counterfeit

how

hill, visit

the

Secret Service website at http:/ /

www.ustreas.gov/usss/know_your_
money. shtmlj

What to do when

Top Drawer

you suspect

for the fashion conscious

a counterfeit

man

bill:

•Do not return it to the passer.
•Delay the passer if possible.
•Observe the passer's description, as well as that of any
companions, and the license
plate numbers of any vehicles.
•Contact your local police

department or U.S. Secret
Service

field office.

urban hot

numbers can be found on the
inside front page of your local

date

in

initials

High
Fashion

Can you guess which of these
$20 bills are counterfeit?

telephone directory.
•Write your

to conservative professional

These

(Answer on:

and the

http://spectnnri.blooimt.edii)

the white border of the

Low

suspect note.
•Limit the handling of the note. Carefully place

it

in

a protective

covering, such as an envelope.

Price

•Surrender the note or coin only to a properly identified police officer
or a U.S. Secret Service agent.
Courtesy of United States Secret Senice

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www.firstcoltimbiabank.com
Summer/Fall 2009

Fri-Sat: 10:00-6:00

by Kimberlee Courtney

A look at the latest makeup trend uncovers a foundation of
surprising ingredients that could

Shoppers

are starting to see labels telling

a product
organic."

is "all

That

it

them

"100 percent
contains "no preservatives or

natural." That

it's

have an ugly effect on your health
these ingredients cause allergic reactions. "Most of the

we see are contact dermatitis," saj's Conolouge,
with fragrances being the number one cause. "Another
things

some

of the preservatives in the cosmetics,

coloring agents."

allergen

These statements aren't being read from a box of
cereal purchased at a local whole foods market; they're
on the packaging of new beauty products filling cosmetic
aisles. The beauty industry has jumped onto the organic
bandwagon, bringing consumers products they can feel
good about at least that's what consumers believe.
Could these products truly be what they claim they are,
or is it all just the $50 billion beauty industry's latest
marketing ploy?
Maybelline, Covergirl, Almay, and Revlon are among
the major cosmetic brands adding mineral makeup
to their collections. "A lot of people like that it feels
lighter on your skin," says Dr. Theresa Conolouge,
dermatologist at Geisinger Medical Center, Danville.

specifically the parabens," she says.

—

makeup is a powder-like
substance consisting mostly of finely ground mica,
titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and iron oxide. The mica

That's because mineral

shimmer effect to the product, which makes
the light reflect differently and makes the skin look
smoother, Conolouge says.
gives a

But its lightweight texture and smooth
appearance are not the only reasons why
consumers have been making the switch; use
of natural ingredients rather than the toxic
chemicals found in traditional formulas
is

what makes these products more

appealing.

T^he ugCy side

is

Parabens are among chemical ingi-edients used in
beauty products that have been linked to health issues.
Parabens have been found in cancer tumors and are
associated with hormone disruption, according to the
Environmental Working Group (EWG), a research
organization of scientists that compares chemicals in
beautj' products to 50 toxicity databases.

Nitrosamines. lead, phthalates. and toluene are
other toxic chemicals used in beautj' products and
defects, and
hormone disruption. "Toluene is usually found in nail
polish and has been shown to be detrimental to males in
utero," says Conolouge. "We actuallj' see a lot of eyelid

have been associated with cancer, birth

dermatitis from nail polish use," she says.

"Formaldehyde is in a lot of cosmetics." says Brand}'
Mankiewicz, Shenandoah, an EWG conti-ibutor. "and a
lot of people are allergic to it." Mankiewicz discovered
her allergj' to this chemical, often used as
a preservative in makeup, when her
lips began to swell after she applied
a

Max

Factor Lipfinity lipstick.
like wax lips." she
says. After that experience.
Mankiewicz has been following

"They looked

EWG's research and buys
products shown to be safe.
Although mineral
the

of Beauty

Chemicals are used in cosmetics to help
with texture, color, consistency, fragrance,
and shelf life. For some consumers, however.

Women who
taining toluene

use

nail polish

con-

can develop eyelid

dermatitis after touching their eyes.
14

Spectrum Magazine

diml
makeup

is

considered to be a natural product and free

of these toxic chemicals, "there is no legal definition for

natural, pure, or organic personal care products like

there

is for food."

for the

Campaign

says Stacy Malkan. spokesperson
for Safe Cosmetics, a coalition of

non-profit organizations promoting the use of safe
ingi'edients in cosmetics. Because there is no definition,
companies can label their products as "natural,"

FDA has

authority is when a product claims to have
"medical benefits," she says.
Companies are also not required to list every
ingredient on their label, says Malkan. "Fragi-ance," for
example, is often an ingredient listed in beauty products:
however, it contains several chemical ingredients not
listed on the label, says Malkan.

Ma^ng-over the

regardless of the ingredients.

To help stop the use

^Ejqposing the btemishes
In 2008. the

EWG studied the presence

of toxic chemicals in the bodies of 20
girls. Chemicals of the
paraben and phthalate families
were found in each body and were

adolescent

ingi-edients in the personal care

products the girls used.
Although bodies with more
exposure to the chemicals contained
higher levels, the
was unable to

EWG

establish a direct correlation

between

the ingi-edients of the products used by
the girls and the levels of chemicals in
their bodies.

"We use so many products in a day,"
says Malkan, adding that people can
have 10 to 20 exposures to parabens
from all the different products they

the

for Safe

beauty products,
Cosmetics has created a

campaign calls it. a "compact."
which companies can sign, pledging to use safe
alternatives and to remove harmful chemicals
from their products within three years.
"Many companies have signed the
contract, but none of them include the
more mainstream brands." says Malkan.
he campaign has contacted those
Companies, but Malkan says, "they give
bne of three excuses: they don't sign thu'd
arty pledges: they don't work with consumer
groups: they comply with FDA regulations."
The companies that sign the contract are
monitored by the campaign thi'ough inperson meetings and conference calls held
Ingredients in lipstick may
twice a year, as well as through periodic
cause allergic reactions in
contract, or as the

some

follow-ups to ensure contract fulfillment.

individuals.

use in one day.
People believe that if a product is
placed on the market, then it is safe to use, says Malkan.
However, the Food and Diaig Association (FDA) does not
regulate personal care products.

Major loopholes in the Food. Drug and Cosmetics
Act (FDCA) allow cosmetic companies to put harmful
chemicals into their products and place them into the
market without any prior testing of ingredients or FDA
approval, according Malkan. One of the few times the
Summer/Fall 2009

Campaign

industry

of toxins in

"It's

a big challenge because there are over 1,000

companies." Malkan says.

A list
contract

is

of

companies that have signed the

available for consumers to download on the

campaign's website [www. safecosmetics.org]. as well as a
search engine allowing them to quickly learn whether or
not the brands they use are on the list.
In addition to the contract, the

Campaign

for Safe

Cosmetics offers an online petition for consumers to sign,
urging Congi-ess and representatives to provide laws
that will pi-otect them from the use of harmful chemicals

J5

with the Natural Products Association, a non-profit
organization representing the natural products industry,
to create standards for natural and organic beauty
products which disallow the use of toxic chemicals linked
to harmful health effects. "Natural products should be
natural and organic products should be organic, that's
what consumers expect," says Malkan. "We hope to
see comprehensive reform of cosmetics legislation pass
within the next year to two years," she says.
Until these standards are set, one way consumers
can tell if products are safe is look for short ingredient
lists and words they understand. "The more basic the
better," says Malkan. q^

in their personal care

products.

"There are tons
of toxins in the

environment we
can't do anything
about, but we can
do something about
the ones we put on
and in our bodies,"
says Malkan.

The Campaign
Safe Cosmetics

is

for

working

ffipd fe^ Siealihy. Skin:
by Theresa Conologue, D.O.

a sunscreen with

Apply
physical blockers such
skin the

my patients

same

an SPF of 30 or higher

as a lotion or

apply a lotion with

daily.

Some

as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

cosmetics have an SPF rating by adding
However, the product can not protect the

cream with the same SPF given the amounts used.

SPF 30

prior to applying

makeup

I

usually

to assure adequate coverage

recommend

and protection

•Use a Retinoid cream at night. A derivative of vitamin A, retinoids have
been shown to decrease oil production, help prevent lines and wrinkles, and
increase the skin's radiance. It can also fade existing skin damage from the sun.
Retinoids are available by prescription only. Retinol, a lower-strength retinoid,
is available over-the-counter and may be easier for the skin to tolerate, but is
not as

effective.

•Using a face wash that contains glycolic acid can help to exfoliate dead skin
cells,

leaving the skin with a smoother texture.

^^
•Be sure to throw away products that have expired; they contain increased
levels of bacteria.

•Some of

the

more common contact

allergens have

been found

to be: fragrances,

paraphenylenediamine (PPD),

thiurams, potassium dichromate. Balsam of Peru, quaternium-15, and colophony.

'EnvironmentaC
he

EWG,

co-founder of the

Campaign

for Safe Cosmetics,

working to post a graphic
representation on its Skin Deep database
[www.cosmeticsdatabase.com] later this
year, says Malkan. The graphics will show
consumers the chemicals being used in
products, and how the companies are making
an effort to comply with the contract.
is

roup

Spectrum Magazine

.

1

UNIVERSITY
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CLIPPING TI
Consumers are filling their carts without emptying their wallets
by Andrea Pugliese

With

groceries to buy, meals
make, and people to
feed, money can become
a concern. With food costs rising,
purchasing low-priced food is not easy.
However, wath on sale, discounted,
and bu3'-one get-one free items, this
chore becomes less difficult.
Coupons can be found in circulars
wathin the newspaper, in the mail,
and on the Internet. "The company's
site has seen a 153 percent increase
in the use of coupons for day-today necessities since last year,"
to

saj'S

MaryAnn

Rivers.

CEO

of

Entertainment Publications. Giant
food stores and Weis Markets
advertise all sale items and coupons
in cuxulars. "I go through and
formulate grocery lists on food items
on sale that week," says Melissa
Brandt, Danville.

Wegmans supermarkets offer a
low price program instead of using
coupons. "Wegmans sets low prices
all the time so customers don't
have to wait for sales or need to
stock up," says Jeanne Colleluori,

-^

Wegmans communications and

menu." says Swensson. "The benefits

media specialist.
Most chain grocery

are threefold:
stores also

offer club cards allowing

customers
According

it keeps us healthier,
saves cash, and prevents me from

automatically be linked with your
household address for savings

scrambling for last-minute dinners,"
she says. Brandt believes leftovers
from pre-made meals can be used
when making a new dish. For her
family, large Sunday meals also

purposes. The more points earned on

become part

to receive extra savings.

to Giant's website, the cards will

the

same account, the more savings

"It

will

be received.

home

Specials for the

week

at grocery

week
meat and seafood prices

stores are listed before the

begins. If

are rising, steer clear of the costs.
Incorporate cheaper proteins such
as beans, eggs, and cheese into the

meals.

When meats

stock up and keep

are on sale,

them

freezer for another time.

in the

buy a

"I

amount of meat when it's on
and cut and freeze them in meal

large
sale

sizes," says

hundreds

Brandt.

"I feel I

save

of dollars throughout the

year," she says.

This past November, Wegmans
reduced the prices of hundreds of
high use items to benefit shoppers.
"As far as inexpensive ingi-edients, I
cook largely with beans, pasta, rice,

and seasonal produce," says Ki'isten
Swensson, main proprietor of the
blog Cheap Healthy Good. "Those
foods tend to

make

tast.y,

healthy meals without putting
my wallet," says
Swensson. Using inexpensive
ingi'edients keeps the costs low,
a hurt on

and buying generic or store
brands also allows shoppers to
save money.
Meals can be made in advance
and saved in the freezer for when
making a meal is inconvenient.
Pre-made meals help people stay
away from fast food restaurants.
"I take about 30-60 minutes per

week

to

plan a grocery

list

helps

of their

Monday

dinner.

my family when we come

as we have three children
and activities," saj's Brandt.
While walking around the grocery
store, items not on the list can
sometimes end up in the cart. "My
list keeps my budget in check and
reminds me what I already have
in the kitchen," says Swensson.
late,

in sports

People should eat before going
grocei-y shopping because it cuts
cravings and keeps extras out of
the cart. Plastic cups, paper dishes,
napkins, and paper towels are onetime use products which could be
replaced with reusable items. Using
hand towels, fabric napkins, glass
dishes and cups, and Tupperware
are alternatives. Timing can also

how consumers shops. "The
crowded time to shop is after
nine every night, especially on
Wednesdays," Janice Lieberman, a
affect

least

contributing editor of Reader's Digest

Magazine, said on NBC's Today
Show. "Four percent of people shop
on Wednesdays, so you're not in big
crowds and pi'obably won't impulse
buy," she says.

Many shoppers are victims to
impulse buys, as products are
placed carefully throughout the
store. According to Lieberman, 32
percent of women and 17 percent
of men spent more on impulse
buys at regular checkouts than self
checkouts.

"Some

gi'ocery stores

can have

and
Spectrum Masazine

E COSTS
^SH^^^BiSK^i* k^
i*f^anufactures pay

for eye level,

but at

Wegmans we

do

Look above and below eye level on
ensure cheapest prices on items. Self checkouts

not," says Colleluori.

shelves to

also help control purchases as people get another

chance

and reinforce the prices.
Walking the perimeter of the supermarket can also
help shoppers stay away from unnecessary buys. "Shop
to look over their groceries

the perimeter, food tends to be unprocessed, cheaper,

and healthier," says Swensson. Buying food

in bulk cuts

costs on certain high-usage items. Places such as Costco

Warehouse, BJ's Wholesale Club, and Sam's Club

offer

a large selection of items sold in bulk. People should

check the expiration dates when buying food to assure
the purchase is worth the money. Some items are not
always cheaper in bulk, so consumers should look at
the price per unit.
One other way to decrease costs is shopping at
the dollar store. Many don't think of shopping for
groceries there, but some items are worth the visit.

"Couponing has risen in dollar stores
and convenience marts by 1 4 percent
since last year," says Charles Brown,
co-chair of the Promotion Marketing
Association's

Coupon

Council.

When

shopping at the dollar store, people
should make sure that the normal
price of the item at a grocery store
is more than a dollar, and make
sure to check expiration dates.
These money-saving tips are
only a few ways to cut costs
on groceries. Taking a little
more time looking for deals and
coupons offered by stores will result
in instant savings for the family.

For websites specializing in
coupon offers check out couponbug.
com and thegrocerygame.com

A few more tips
•Vacuum

sealed packing for

about buying a vacuum

meat

•Compare brand

life.

Think

all

products.

prices against each other,

and

:^:i^

give the lower priced

try.

•Always be prepared.
purchases.
to

a longer shelf

it

sealer.

•Watch the "best by" dates on

item a

gives

make

a

Go

shopping with a

Wegmans.com has
list

a shopping

list

to prevent impulse

list

builder that allows you

and estimate how much your shopping

trip will cost

before you head to the store.

•When

using coupons, only purchase products that you would usually
and be sure the coupon is actually giving you a better price.
Sometimes a different brand is less expensive than a name brand with

buy,

a coupon.

—Jeanne Colleluori, Wegmans communications and media specialist
L
Summer/Fall 2009

—

.

^^^

'Is

for the

metals they bring into recycHng centers as they

did prior to

December

of 2008.

effects of the current recession

That was before the
brought down the prices

and scrap metal.
"Two months ago, this would have bought me
groceries. Now it only gets me enough money to get here
and back," says John Wallish of Coal Twp.

of both base

Until last

fall,

and then brought
as

much

for scrap

a junk vehicle could be bought for $200,
to scrap where the seller could make

as $400 for

it.

metal began

plummeted

Starting about October, the prices

to decline. In

December

prices

much

as 80 percent. Now, the sellers are
they can get $100 for the same junk car.
as

lucky if
Jeffs Autobody and Recycling Center, Paxinos, was
started by Jeff Kurtz in 1978, with the recycling center
added in 1989. The business has grown to its present
20

and is the largest recycling center within
50 miles. Until November 2008, Jeffs was a hub of
activity. Diesel trucks with large claws picked up hunks
of russet-colored metals. Workmen with acetylene
tanks moved about the heaps while others went in and
out of the various buildings to run the machinery that
processed the scrap.
There were lines of vehicles that descended toward
the hut-like building with a drive-on scale connected to it
that weighed each vehicle and scrap metal they hauled.
Copper, tin, aluminum, steel, cast iron, plastic and
paper were piled in small mounds or stacked in bales.
The price of metals was rising and the extra money that
could be made by hauling scrap metal to a recycling
center came in handy. But with the recession came a
decline in the demand for the scrap, and in turn, a major
drop in value.
"The downturn in the economy is hurting the
scrap business," says Steve Kurtz, recycling center
coordinator. "The last five years have been the best five
eight acre lot

that it?"

the three words many astonished customers utter
when they find out they aren't getting the same amount
It's

Spectrum Magazine

Humes

Story by Joseph W.

fiyiUi^S

Photos by Gary

F.

Clark

consumer of U.S. recyclable products. Their growth in
building and industry has slowed considerably and there
no need for these materials anymore.
However, the Bloomsburg Recycling Center still has
buyers for the aluminum cans, paper and plastics that
are brought in.
"As long as we can turn over the material, we still have
the outlets," says Charles Fritz, environmental services
administrator of the Bloomsburg Recycling Center.
Although he acknowledges that market prices in 2009
is

are lower compared to last year, the center continues
to have a steady clientele. However, unlike Jeffs,
the Center is not a scrap yard and does not pay its

customers

for their recyclables.

When

the prices for scrap metal were still high, the
scrap that was easy to be found on top of junkyards
or dumping sites was quickly removed. "Scrappers."

the repeat customers
scrap,

had

who make

a living hauling in

to resort to digging for

junk that had been

long buried in abandoned dumps. Now that the prices
for such recyclables have taken a major plunge, the
constant, daily flow of these "scrappers" into recycUng
centers has slowed. With the rise in lay-offs due to the
recession, the

money obtained by

selling

unwanted

metals, paper or plastics in an effort to supplement
unemployment compensation is paltry at best.
"In the last four months we've had jobs shut down
such as Fleetwood and Crest Homes," says Kurtz.
"We're getting tons of applications, guys trjang to get
jobs. We have four guys laid off right now. I don't know
if

years that any scrap yard has
ever had. Now is the worst the
scrap market has been in the
last 15 years."
Despite the recent trend
to

"Go Green" and

recycle,

the grounds of Jeffs contain

300,000 pounds of aluminum,
150,000 pounds of newspapers
and magazines, 100,000
pounds of cardboard and
20,000 pounds of plastic, all
which nobody wants. Part
of the reason can be traced to

of

China, which was the chief
Dale Hart closes the door on
a smelting furnace used to
melt aluminum at

Summer/ Fall 2009

Jeff's.

we're going to bring

them

back."

Spectrum Magazine

Two months ago, this would have
bought me groceries. Now it only
gets me enough money to get here
and back.

??

_ j^hn Wallish

Effects of the present recession have resulted in a stock
panic and weak currency rates throughout the world,
according to worldscrap.com. This, in turn, has led to a
tightening of restrictions on exports of scrap metal to
foreign countries like China, the biggest buyer of U.S.
scrap metal.

Top:

Demand

for recycled

aluminum has dropped

considerably since the building industry slowed.

Bottom: Shaun Wondoloski rakes melted aluminum
into a barrel for

shipment

Prices on base metals have dropped so fast that the
production costs of these metals are above the market
prices, causing mining companies to lose money and halt
production, further adding to unemployment. A series
of stimulus packages signed by various governments
around the world may help to turn the industry around;
however, results may not be seen until this summer.
Until then, prices will continue to fall.
Recycling doesn't create a boom market for scrapping.
If that were so, the money earned for turning in
aluminum cans would be on a constant increase. What
makes the market is the demand for those goods in hea\y
industry, such as construction and manufacturing, after
such refuse is crushed, melted down, and molded into new
products. The supply is there, but not the demand.
"It's to

the point a couple of fi-iends of mine that

at Jeff's.

^-v'^f.
"fl

.^^,

own

scrap yai'ds are thinking about shutting down," says Kurtz

'^r.>-

C3S

UNCOVERING
A LOST
heritag:

A
New York in

by Kelly MacMath
train chugged slowly through upstate

1913. On it, a young Iroquois
window as she headed hundreds of
miles away from her home on the reservation. She didn't
know where she was going, what her new life would be,
or when she would see her parents again that was all
up to the U.S. government. All she knew was that she
was on her way to receive what the white man told her
family was a "proper education."
Although she may have felt alone, she wasn't. She was
among thousands of American Indian children between
1879 and 1930 who were sent to Indian boarding schools
and ultimately left scarred and confused by the United
girl

the

fall of

stared out the

—

States plan to "Kill the Indian, save the man."

The Native American girl on the train that day was
Gray the grandmother of Beverley Conrad of

Jlilia

—

Selinsgrove and Patricia Lenzi of Davis, Calif. "You're
kind of stuck between two worlds," says Conrad, "you've

been raised one way with one family, and then sent
away and half-way raised another way, and then you're
24

supposed to go home and try to fit in, but you've been
taught not to." Julia was taken along with her three
sisters from the Akwesasne Indian reservation for St.
Regis Mohawks when she was 14 years old. They were
transported from upstate New York to the Carlisle
Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, the prototype for
the dozens Indian boarding schools that sprang up in the
United States at that time.
"They were told it would be a good thing to go to the
school because, for one thing, the Indian way of life
had been totally disrupted," says Conrad, "you couldn't
just go out and shoot a buffalo to live anymore. The
government told them if they went to this school, they'd
be educated and trained in jobs and would be more
successful," she says.
As a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1880, most
national tribes were pushed west onto undesirable plots
of land. Those who didn't die en route to the reservation
were left to live in extreme poverty with little help from the
government. In mainstream culture, industrialization and
new technology was thriving, and Americans had a large
focus on change and the future, says Dr. Dee Anne Wymer,
professor of anthropology at Bloomsburg University.
Spectrum Magazine

Two sisters retrace their family's history to the Carlisle Indian School
after years

of being unaware of their Native American heritage
Some parents

"It was a time of excitement about
the future, a sort of rash arrogance
that we were progressing and

tricked into

changing from a rural society

actually paid their

to a

says Landis.

sent their children,
it,

willingly

some were

and other students

own

tuition. In

society of cities, industry

some

Wymer, "so
of the time was looking forward

children without permission

and labor,"
the whole climate

says

and rejecting

all

the old values as

holding things back."
The general public beheved the
only way for the American Indians
to survive, and the only way to stop
their traditions from slowing down
America's progress, says Wymer,
was to destroy their heritage and
assimilate them into the general
population, which

was the value

founder, modeled school

name, their traditional clothes were

Wymer believes that

replaced with a standard school
uniform, and their hair was cut. For
some tribes, like the Lakota, cutting
students' hair was traumatizing

language was the most devastating.
"Often, a number would leave the
Carlisle school having lost the use
of their native language, so even
if they ever did make it home they
couldn't even talk to their family."
says Wymer. "The kids would go
back home, especially to the Western
reservations and they'd have no clue
how to live in the west," she says.
It was three years after their

if

went against strict beliefs
"The minute that
you take youngsters and tear them
away from their families and their

because

Industrial School.

in their culture.

"They wanted to try and rescue
them from the reservations and get
them into the white world," says

larger culture

it

it's

inevitably going to

change them," says Wymer.

School biographer for the Cumberland

County Historical Society.
The school taught academics,

them to be
domestics and laborers. For girls,
this included general house work,
sewing, laundry, and cooking; the
boys were taught blacksmithing,
carpentry, masonry, farming, and
woodworking. "I think most good
meaning people thought they were
doing the right thing," Wymer says,
"It was a very naive, ethnocentric
view at the time."
Julia Gray's father, John Gray,
had signed paperwork to send Julia
and her sisters to the Carlisle school.
Although he may have been literate
in English, Wymer says that most
parents were not. "Most Native
Americans at that time would not
be able to speak or understand
English," she says, "I'm sure they

had no

Upon

arrival at Cariisle in

Navajo Indian

and

October 1882,

Tom Torino's

his traditional clothes

with a uniform.

He

left

hair

was

cut

were replaced

the school

gust 1886, looking dramatically

Summer/ Fall 2009

life

after

the children practiced

marched to and from classes
and into the dining hall each night,
and were ranked with their peers.
Of all the ways the government
drills,

stripped the children of their culture.

the disruption of

when John Gray

daughters to come
home for the summer. According
to a letter dated May 1916. Graj"^
wrote that although his daughters
seemed to like the school, they
were anxious to come home to

at the time, training

Recruiting for the school
in a variety of ways,
depending on how assimilated the
tribe or Indian nation already was.

life;

arranged

along with trades believed to be

happened

military

arrival at Carlisle

"appropriate" for a Native American

real understanding of the
consequences of what was going on."

their former identities. Brig. Gen.

they
deemed the parents unfit. "Parents
would actually hide the kids off the
reservation and move them into
other houses," Conrad says.
Upon arrival at Carlisle, the
children were given an English

system at the Carlisle Indian

Barbara Landis, Carlisle Indian

in

the ethnocentric attempt to erase

Richard Henry Pratt, Carlisle School

government took

cases, the

Students' religions, languages,

and traditions were forbidden

in

Au-

different.

for his

—
He explained that he and the
understood that they needed
go back to Carlisle in the fall, but

I was 30-something years
never knowing we were Indian,"
Conrad says about she and her

visit.

up

girls

old,

to

he could only afford the fare for the
one-way tickets at the time, and
would send the rest as soon as

sister,

^ r
•

possible.

The superintendent

until

of the

school responded in June, giving

permission for the girls to come home
and adding that he hoped John Gray
would be "weU pleased with the
appearance" of his daughters.

The Gray sisters went back to
Akwesasne reservation that
summer, but Gray never sent the
other half of the train fare, and the

I

"my mother just

remember looking

and
almost immediately
in the mirror

seeing

never returned to Carlisle

despite repeated letters from the
school at the end of the
"I

summer.

think he tricked them so that his

family could be together," says Lenzi

about the last letters between the

"He wanted
he devised a plan and
it worked. I think it was an overall
plan by many Indian people. For
some, it worked. For others, it didn't.
His children were lucky," she says.
Conrad and Lenzi say they
wish they knew more about their
grandmother and her family's
experiences, but as adolescents, their
mother kept their family's American
Indian heritage a secret. "We grew
school

and

Julia's father.

his kids back, so

my ethnicity for

the

the

girls

said that as

first

—

time. ^ ^
Pat Lenzi

knew, her whole family
was dead and she didn't know where
far as she

she came from."
Lenzi says she knew since she was
a child that she didn't resemble the
Irish, German, and English family
members on her father's side. "I

wanted to know who we were since I
was a young child. I wanted to meet
people

who looked

like

we

did," she

says. As an adult, she decided it was
time to find out her family's history.
She started by calling every
Catholic cemetery in the city where
her mother's brothers had died,
trying to find their headstone
information. When she found one, she
wrote to the state of New York to ask
for her uncle's death certificate. When

it

arrived in the mail, she discovered

time what her mother
had been keeping from her for years;
her mother was from the Mohawk
tribe, and Lenzi and Conrad had
for the first

a whole family they

knew nothing

about.
"I remember looking in the mirror
almost immediately and seeing my

ethnicity for the first time," says

Lenzi.

After contacting family

members

from the reservation and compiling
information about her family at the
national archives for the Carlisle
school, the sisters realized the truth
about the ignorance and intolerance

toward American Indians.
"By the time you got out of any
one of the Indian schools, you would
claim to be anything but Indian,"
says Conrad, "you were told that they
were bad people, dirty people, and
that they lied, cheated and stole."

The Carlisle Indian Industrial
School did produce some happy,
healthy students who have fond
memories. Many former students
graduated and became teachers at
Carlisle.

The school

is

known

for

having taught Jim Thorpe, a Sac
and Fox tribe member, who won the
pentathlon and decathlon in the 1912
Olympics and is called the greatest
athlete of the twentieth century.

Spectrum Magazine

—
But

for

many

Carlisle students,

including Conrad's grandmother,
who was assured she'd be more
successful with suitable training,
after boarding school proved

away

into these

schools," says

Wymer. Although
life

more

than it was before. "There
were a handful that were able to
make then- way into dominant culture,
but that wasn't many," says Landis.
Often upon gi-aduation from
the boarding schools. American
Indians felt out of place on their
reservations, but the.y were also
unaccepted in the white world
because of racism. "The whole
program was designed backwards,"
says Landis. She believes that
rather than forcibly assimilate
difficult

there are aid

progi-ams and
colleges set

up

for

Native Americans,

Wymer

sa.vs, after

neglectful treatment

and racism

of the

past, "They've never

quite caught up."

In 1918. after
"educating" 10,604

students from 140
tribes, the Carlisle

when
Army needed

school closed

the

people into the general culture,

Carlisle's barracks to

the government should have
found a way to reduce the racism.

treat vi'ounded

Reservations had record high suicide
rates and serious problems with
alcohol and depression, which wasn't
even a recognized condition at the
time, according to Wymer.
"They tore generations apart, and
instead of taking that money and
effort and funneling it back into the
reservations in ways the natives
could use to their advantage, that
money and attention was funneled

decision

p

^'

War

I

soldiers.

came

World
The
after a

senate investigation of
the school in 1913. "It
was a way for the U.S.
Government not to have
to own up to the failure of
the school." says Landis.
After marrN^ing a white
man and gi\^ng birth to Conrad
and Lenzi's mother, Julia Gray
became torn between the two worlds
she knew, never fully adjusting
to her new life. "It wasn't my
gi-andmother's fault, she
wasn't a bad person, she
was just a troubled person
from an upbringing that
was crazy," explains
Conrad,
"It wasn't the exception
for a kid to end up
troubled, it was more
the norm," she says. The
government came onto the

-

reservation once again, this
time for Conrad and Lenzi's
mother: it sent her and her
siblings to Catholic boarding
schools,

much

school. Julia

like the Carlisle

sunk

In this letter

into

dated 1916,

John Gray requested that
his daughters be sent home
from the Carlisle School.

Though he assured
they would be back

the school
in

the

fall.

After Julia

Gray

(right) left Carlisle in

1916, she married Arthur Evertiardt

and

started

a family

alcoholism, suffered from domestic

abuse

fi-om the

man

and was murdered

she was dating,

at age 34,

According to Wymer, a general
about American
Indians began to take place in
the hippie era when people were
searching for alternative identities
and lifestyles. "WTiat I think is
sad though is that a lot of the
young people have lost a lot of
their culture," Wymer says, but
adds overall "There's definitely an
shift in attitude

increased pride there that hadn't
been there in previous eras."
Ignorance among the general
public today about the ugly aspects

may stem
from the education in public school
systems, and the way they tend to
label colonists or Indians a certain
way. "School systems don't do a
very good job with any kind of
complicated history: they kind of just
of our nation's history

it down to nothing." says Wymer.
The extent of education a person

boil

receives about controversial topics

he never sent them.

^A-^i6^.

27

depends on where they hve and

who

white hat in this, it's a
very complicated, gray
area," she says.
Conrad has tried

controlhng the curriculum,
says Dr. Robert Gates, professor
of education and chair of the
department of education studies
and secondary education at
is

to

make up

for lost

time by researching
her family

Bloomsburg University. "I think,
what was taught was
that the government was always

history, building

traditionally,

relationships

right," says Gates, "in recent years

with her long

we take

relatives,

a

more

critical look at

the government, especially after
Vietnam." According to Gates there
has been more of a push for diversity
in school systems in the last 10 to
15 years, and for teachers who teach
multiculturalism. "I think we're
making progress, but we have a long
way to go," he says.
But whether a person was taught
about the good noble Indian and the
evil colonist, or the gracious colonist

and savage Indian, Wymer says that
both sides are "cardboard stereotypes."
"There's no absolute right or
wrong, no one wears a black or

lost

and learning

Mohawk

sweet grass
basket weaving and
artwork. She even
discovered a

common
tribes,

interest with past
relatives.

love to see

and says she'd
the government issue a

Conrad, a professional
learned that she comes
from a long line of fiddlers in her
family, which included John and
Julia Gray. While visiting family on
the reservation, she's played for the

formal apology for it. However, she
realizes that her family's story isn't
unusual; it's actually a part of the
history of Native Americans.

elderly at the senior citizen's center.

known our

fiddler,

"I

wish

I'd

known my

better because

I

relatives

love arts

and

she says, "it's one
thing to learn from a book,
buts it's another to learn right
crafts,"

from a person, something
handed down."

"I

most

definitely

wish

I

had

family and our culture
growing up," she says. "Then again,
given how things turned out, each of
us would not be the people we are,
and may not even exist at all, if the
history of our family had not played
out as it did," she concludes

Lenzi says that at times
she has felt cheated out of
her heritage, but is glad that
once her family learned of
its culture, they no longer
turned their backs on it. She
calls the Carlisle Indian
Industrial School a "hrutally
harsh systematic plan" to
extinguish the national

Above: Legendary Football

Coach Glenn "Pop" Warner and
his "big four"

team,

(left

on the CIS

to right):

football

Gus Welch,

AlexArcasa, Standi Powell,
Jim Thorpe. The 1912 team

was

the highest scoring

team

in

the country.

Right:

A

hand<»lored postcard

from 1908 shows

Carlisle's

band-

stand and teachers' quarters.

Upper Right: Beverley Conrad
and Pat Lenzi (right)
at a 2006 fiddling performance
(left)

Califomia.

in

28

Football photo

and Postcard courtesy

of

Cumberland County

Historical Society. Carlisle, Pa.

Spectrum Magazine

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29

<^
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:rr~

^

Area coordinators bring the puppy to its
foster home, and are also a UfeUne,
should there be a puppy emergency, Peterson
says. When the puppy is dropped off at its
foster home, it comes with two training
videos, a picture book, and a binder with the
guidelines, restrictions, and hints.

new

Raising the puppies is her project but it is
it without help from the rest
of the family, Peterson says.
"My dad is the resident ball-thrower, treatsneaker, puppy spoiler extraordinaire," she
says, "and my mom helps with meals and
also park time when it is necessary."
"Park time" is used when a person wants
the puppy to relieve itself on command.
Peterson says no matter what type of yard,
fenced in or not, the puppy has to be taken
out on a leash for park time. TSE dogs
impossible to do

go wherever their owner goes, inside and
outside, so the puppies

must learn

to go only

when commanded.
"Many of the club members said we looked
like sleep-deprived new parents," says
Sharon Kingsbury, a member of the Luzerne
County 4-H PawsAbilities club.
Kingsbury and husband, Al, are raising
their first puppy, a female Labrador
retriever. Sharon Kingsbury works full time
but her husband is retired. "I do the training
and Al does the playing," Kingsbury jokes. "I
don't think we would be able to do this if we
both worked full time," she says.

In additionto:

—

commands sit, down, rest, come, and
sometimes stand. They are also responsible for exposing
them to as many different social environments as
obedience

play time

and exercise,

TSE

volunteers

are expected to teach their puppies basic obedience.

Foster families are responsible for teaching
the puppy not to bark or jump, and provide basic

possible.

TSE puppies are not pets; raising them is different
from raising a family dog. They are not allowed to have
treats as rewards for obedience, nor are they supposed
to have treats regularly
although few families abide by

become veryRtBied

to her.

My mother is handicapped,

my father isBeBain caregiver, and my puppy

pro\ides

dealHjopand 1 know this little pup eases their
stress by making them smile and laugh," Kingsbury says.
Gail and Qharlie Kauffman, also members of the
a great

Luzerne Co

|t\Blub, are also raising their first puppy,

who has a
how much the dog

The Kauffm

ve a blind neighbor

fr^

E. After noticing

that rule.

guide dog
increased

t

ity of life for their neighbor. Gail

The puppy must sleep on the floor next to the bed
of the trainer and the puppy must always walk on the

Kauffman

—

trainer's left side, Peterson says.

Other responsibilities include routine vet visits, 4-H
puppy club meetings, grooming, and keeping records of
the puppy's daily routine, problems, accomplishments,
and socialization experiences.
'^

l§#U:ppy 's
for the
T5n and

organize group activities.
Peterson has taken her puppy to the mall, a Yankees
baseball game, and an airport. Kingsbury has taken her
puppy to the store but sticks mainly to socializing the

puppy with people during regular family

"My

parents,

who

live across the street

visits.

from

we

experience
someday do

me

Mary Ne

for

other

pup
and takes h

raising

ir

it

would be a very rewarding
puppy that would

raised a

another blind person."
of the Club, has been

member

10 years. She works as a secretary

py with her.

.y," sayj_.Xvvly. She ii_i:ai,-;iii^
and says she hasn't had any real big
e only problem she has had was at the mall
when her puj py kt'pt jumping on pcdplo.
Another
problem is chewing: Peterson says
rhewed more things than she allows
her puppies
herself to rel
\er. One of her dogs was notorious for
chewing the!

.J'I'\'eJ.U'cu V

ipy

f

_

e felt

s

us,

Peterson

have

Apple. "Whe

|

pses a deterrent spray called Bitter
catch them chewing j'ou spray it
I

Summer/ Fall 2009

31

Luzerne county's 4-H
Pawsabilities club partici-

pates

in

annual

parade

on the object and also uiside thenmouth," Peterson says. "Sometimes
it works, sometimes it doesn't."
Sharon Kingsbury's puppy runs
off with socks or other clothing and
also takes the toilet paper off the
holder. "My puppy has great fun
prancing around the house with

People have told Peterson that
they could never do what she does
because they could never give the
puppies back but she says that it
is not that

these prizes," she says.
Kingsbury, with no prior puppy
experience, is trying to determine

the puppies

the most effective

way

to correct

her

"Like humans,

and

all

You have
it

to think

of

and

in

it is

dogs are different

their learning stjdes are different

as well," Peterson says, "Behavior

and

depends on how much time is
spent wdth the puppy."
Peterson says it is obvious at the
puppy club meetings which families
work with their puppies consistently.
and which families only work when
they are there. "The more time you
spend with the puppy the faster they
will learn the commands," she says.
Kingsbury's puppy had a lot
of wild energy but "it seems that
when she turned six-months old.
something just clicked and she
'got it," she almost immediately
leai-ning

their

mind

of their child leaving

puppies are
going off to
do something
really

spectacular

and

that's

offered to

Other dogs are
offered as ser\ice

home

to

go out

in the

the entire
time. Plus the

first

the foster family,

and then put
up for adoption.

as a parent thinks

keep them
the back of

puppy's behavior.

Morristown, N.J.

The dogs are

raisers

that they can't

in

more wonderful than I
can ever imagine," she says.
Peterson says that if the dog is
denied by the TSE there is always
a chance it will
come back home.

bad. "Puppy

know
when they get

The Seeing Eye's
St. Patrick's Day

dogs: pohce dogs,
di'ug sniffing

world.

You teach and

dogs, or physical

therapv dogs.

encourage them, love
them, and send them

on

their

way

always a good
feeling," she
says.
"It is

impossible not to become attached:
the puppy becomes part of your

Sharon Kingsbury says.
"You just can't resist that puppy

family,"

Of the
three puppies

Peterson has
raised, only one
has become a
guide dog and
was placed
with a young
woman in Texas.
Peterson has adopted one of her dogs
that was unsuccessful and says it
is a huge disappointment when the

puppy

doesn't

become a guide

dog.

!l91i9HP
expected of her," she says.
When TSE puppies are 15 to lb
months old. they are taken back to
TSE. "It's sad when the puppies go
back, but it is also really exciting
because they are going to do what
they were born to do," Peterson says.
32

my arms."
\eely says she is proud when
the dogs leave. To help deal with
giving the puppy back. Neely and
her family raise another puppy. She
knows that there is more for her
puppy to do in life; "something far
butter in

that were unsuccessful and each of

them became a certified therapy dog
Therapy Dogs International. "It
was an easy transition for them to do
therapy with all the ground work we
laid as Seeing Eye puppies," she says.
If the puppy graduates, the
for

Spectrum Magazine

—
him or her
one more time at its 'town walk,'
but only from a distance.
"The family goes to TSE in
Morristown, N.J., and watches
as the instructor walks the dog
along a typical training route. The
family stays back about 10 feet with
another instructor who explains
what they are doing," Peterson says.
Besides the dog's town walk, the
only other time families are invited
to TSE is the annual open house
family day. "It is the one time a year
foster family gets to see

and quite frankly they pay suck

when puppy

she says.
24 people an
in Morristown, N.J. 12 times a j
from all over the United States
Canada to begin their instructio
with Seeing Eye dogs. TSE stu(
receive their dogs two days afte
arrival. Students and an instru(
who has no more than four or fi^
students in a class, work with tl
dogs for three to four weeks.
During the stay at TSE, whil
training with their new dog, "dai

raisers get to actually

go to TSE, meet the
facility,

staff,

see the

to

trafficked streets of

demonstrations, so puppy raisers
can learn about what they teach the
dogs in formal training, building on
the foundation laid when they were
puppies. "At my first family day I
heard an instructor talk about how
incredible it is to teach students how
to work with the dogs and to see that
bond develop," Peterson says.
Peterson has worked at The
Seeing Eye hospitality department
for the past two summers serving
meals and cleaning the main house.
"It's not glamorous, but it is actually
a lot of fun. I have met some really
incredibly people working there
students and staff. The amazing
thing is just how much the staff

and

~k

it,"

may

SINCE 1924

"Our Job

32

1

You Look Good"

Church

Street

Graphic Design
and Laser Printing

Offset

Color Digital Copies

Wedding Invitations

inclu^

& Accessories
Promotional Items

downtown

Laminating
Continuous and Laser Forms
Booklets

Morristown, the quiet residentia
areas, country roads, shopping n
train stations, bus routes, hotels
and even the nearby streets of N
York City," says TSE. While staj
at TSE, it is made sure that the
guide and student have mastere(
techniques necessary for the dai]
fo

is lo i/iakc

Danville. Pennsylvania 17821

traveling throughout the heavily

on after the dogs leave their foster
house," Peterson says.
Instructors do short training

frustrating sometimes,

worth

A group of up

instructional routines

and learn about what goes

loves their jobs," Peterson says. "It

a lot of the instructors feel that
totally

NCR Forms
Home

Printing for the

& Office

(570) 275-0361
(570) 275-0603 Fax
willprnt4uC(a aol.com

the blind person.

"You have to think of it as a
parent thinks of their child leav
home to go out in the world. Yoi
teach and encourage them, love
them, and send them on their
way to live the life they are mea
to lead-you stand back, wipe the
tears away, and be proud of thei
accomplishments." says Kingsbi
"It sounds sappy, but it helps to
that wav,"she savs. C55

WE ACCEPT

ALL MAJOR CREDIT CARDS

is

stressful

A Seeing
after

Eye puppy sleeps

a long day of work.

WfJ^
We

do Lycoming &

Continental Overhauls

Bloomsburg Municipal Airport
301 Airport Road
Bloomsburg, PA 17815-9512

\ '•!•*
3

(570) 784-3070
Karl George, President

Summer/Fall 2009

i^B^^pppi^*^^

Cahhrim
A local photographer brin;

by Kimberlee Courtney

Rowing up,

as Cherj4 Fallon
ould take pictm'es of her little

and sunsets with her father's
camera, she thought her love of
photogi'aphj- and nature were just
hobbies. Little did she know, 20
years later it would become her life.
sister

'

"I

have alwaj'S had an interest

says Fallon, whose work is
displayed in several private collections around eastern
Pennsylvania. She credits her love of nature and old
things to when her father's career in the Air Force
brought her family to England when she was two. "My
parents took me to all these castles and Stonehenge,
Pwhere I played hide-and-seek with my aunt." she says.
'"
Fallon fii'st started taking photogi-aphs at the age of 10
in nature, science

and

life,"

with her father's camera. "I would take my sister out and
make her pose," she says. But taking pictm-es was not what
Fallon had anticipated she would be doing as a career.
"Growing up, I always thought I would be a medical
doctor, a surgeon actually," she says.
After graduating from high school in Delaware in
1993, Fallon moved to her parents' hometown, Paxinos.
and attended Bloorasburg University, where she
received a B.S. in biology. Her plans for medical school
ichanged, however, after she graduated from BU in 1997

and met a local artist named Jody, who would become
her husband and father of their two sons. Jack and Cole.
A painter and fan of comic books, Jody often took Cheryl
to East Stroudsburg where his favorite fantasy illustrator.
Frank Frazetta, had a gaUery. "We would go there at least
twice a month." she says, "I woidd sit and talk with Frank's
wife. Ellie, while

Jody would look at the paintings."

Fallon continued taking pictures of sunsets and
trees for her own enjoj'ment, never expecting to become
an artist like the people she continued to meet over the
years. It wasn't until some of her friends, including
" aik and Ellie Frazetta, began comphmenting her

work that she thought she was good at it.
In 2005, while preparing for his annual exhibit at the
Packwood House Museum, Jody approached Fallon about
her photographs. "He told me 'go ahead and put some of
your photographs

in,

these are really good,"' she recalls.

At the exhibit, Fallon sold "Another view," a photo of
green weeds that she had altered to make them purple.
Since then, she has continued to show her work in her
husband's exhibit every year and has gone on to display
her work throughout the surrounding area, winning a
few awards for her work in the process.
Local landscapes provide the framework of Fallon's
portfolio, but lately she has begun to expand her work,
shooting portraits for clientele. Inspired by the photo
shoots she set up with her first son. Jack, Fallon's focus
for her portraits is on maternity and newborn, and she
hopes to open her own studio in the future.
In the mean time, she continues taking pictures of
nature and developing her "ej'e" as an artist. Recently,
she has started using Photoshop to enhance her work.
"It's the darkroom of the 21st Century." she says. "I
may diffuse an image some, darken it or lighten it, add
different tones; it's kind of like making a photograph
look Uke a painting." she says.
Fallon's inspiration

comes

fi-om looking at

many works

"and not just photogi-aphy, I'm always inspired by
paintings. It's an amazing thing to take a blank piece of
paper and create something that's amazingly beautiful,"
she says, "I kind of just skip ahead a step."
Although Fallon did not go on to attend medical
school, her tendency towards science can still be seen
through her work with the camera. "I have long been

of art.

an observer, noticing little things and appreciating
them. Science is based upon observation, followed by
experimentation to discover how and why things work,"
says Fallon, "I feel my inclination towards science
improves my work."
But her pictures go beyond the images that are

captured. A recurring theme in her work is that "of
nature reclaiming its space," she says. "I see around
us quite often a degradation of the wilderness," says
Fallon, be it the weeds that people rip out from their

gardens or the forests that are cut down to make
room for new construction. "Then we abandon these
new buildings, and in a very short span of time,
"nature' takes it back," says Fallon.
Fx-om her pictures of trees and cloud formations
to

those of abandoned cars and deteriorating

buildings, Fallon wants to share with others her
version of reality.

"When

see old

I

buildings,

I

don't say,

'Oh, that's

an eyesore

and needs

to be torn

down,'

God,

I

I

think, "Oh

my

can't believe

they're tearing that

down.'

who

I

think about

and
what happened in order
for them to abandon it,"
lived there

she saj's.
"You see old cars and
you think about someone
who saved up all this

money and worked so
hard to buy this car. They
were so proud of it when
it was shiny and new and

now

it's just a piece of junk.
kind of a throw away
society," she adds, "in that
when things are no longer
useful we just discard them."
People often look at her
photos and ask. "Where's
that at?" and Fallon says it
ends up being the tree they
drive by every day or just
a block away. "I hope they
will take a moment to stop

It's

and look around and see all
the beauty and mystery,"
she says. "A lot of people
ask me. 'Why do you take
pictures of that?" and Fallon
savs. "that's w'hv.'"
C55

From top left to bottom: "Old Railroad Bridge."
Paxinos: "Autumn." Fallon's son Jack; "Sweet
Dream," Orangeville: "Beyond This Place," Shamokin;
Fallon with "Tree at the Y," at her solo exhibit at the

Packwood Museum;
Mountain Winery
To view

in

"At the

End

of the Vine."

Shade

Middleburg.

mom of Fallon's work visit vvww.cherytfailon.com

'Mix

alph Rhodes, 36, and
Lightner, 29,
of Elysburg, both
beUeved that the
possibihty of finding a mate was
hmited to school, church, and
work. "Going all the way back to
high school, dating opportunities

>^^ Tina

were scarce; I went to a private
high school with eight kids," says

created, they can

discover a potential mate. Online

up per week and over eight
million people have joined since
its launch in 1997. Membership

Dating Magazine estimates that
more than 20 million people
visit at least one online dating
service per month. Users have
access to 1,400 online dating sites

North America, according to
among these the most

Ralph. After attending college
in Florida, Ralph returned to

in

Elysburg's barren social scene.
Tina moved around a lot. She

common

lived in

Montana, Colorado, and

then resided in Altoona with her
grandparents. Like Ralph she
found no potential partners at
church or school.
"My parents were the ones
who suggested online dating. I
didn't have a job and they offered
to help pay for a membership to
eHarmony," says Tina. Ralph first
got the idea to try out online dating

from a radio program he heard.
"I didn't have a computer and by
the time I had one and decided
to sign up I forgot which site was
mentioned. I joined eHarmony,
Match, and Matchmaker," says
Ralph. When the two joined in 2002
they were matched up instantly.

With the emergence of social
networks, online dating services
36

meet

have been able to help the
divorced, widowed, and single
adults find a partner. Now, with
a few simple clicks, singles can

Hitwise,

online dating services

eHarmony, Match, Date,
Chemistry, and Lavalife.
Online dating has become an
option for those who are working
full time, have children, or do not
have time to date. "It's convenient
for someone to be able to meet
thousands of potential soul mates
are

in person,"

says Kallus.
Statistics

on Date.com show

that about 50,000

new members

sign

fees for date.com are $24.95 for

one month, $74.95 for six months,
and $99.95 for one year. "This is a
wonderful resource for individuals
who just don't feel comfortable
approaching someone at a bar or
club," says Kallus. Date.com offers
resources for members to use such
as expert advice, free newsletters,

an interactive webzine, personality
and community support.
Launched in Pasadena, Calif.,

profiles,

in 2000,

eHarmony now claims

to be the Internet's No. 1 trusted

without having to leave the
comfort of their home," says Shira

relationship services provider.

Kallus, director of public relations

show that an average of 236
members get married each day

Date.com. The websites are
designed to accommodate each
individual's needs and preferences,

for

whether
or race.

it is

An

religion, sexuality,

extensive detailed

questionnaire
to

is filled

out by users

match them up with a potential

soul mate. "These people flourish

online as they're able to really get

know someone via the Internet.
Then once a rapport has been
to

Statistics provided

by eHarmony

as a result of meeting on the
site. Since 2000, eHarmony says
it

has had more than 20 million

registered users across all 50

and

There
up and fill out
the questionnaire for eHarmony;
members pay a fee when they
wish to communicate with one or
more of their matches. Currently
states

is

no cost

in 191 countries.

to sign

Spectrum Magazine

the membership fees are
$59.95 per month and

$239.40

••

This was the

for a year.

first

time that someone

met through onUne dating

"eHarmony did a lot of
homework for you, the

1

had

actually cared.

the

questions were very involved,"
says Ralph. eHarmony matches
users based on 29 dimensions of
compatibility which can be split
into three categories: core traits,
vital attributes, and relationship
skills. "eHarmony was more about
your personality, more about who
you are than what your likes are,"
Tina says. Finding someone of

same faith was at the top of
Ralph and Tina's list, and someone
the

who would support

their hobbies

and interests was also taken

into

consideration. "For us, our faith

was the biggest

we are both
what we believe

factor,

very committed to
in," says Tina. Ralph is heavily
involved with martial arts and
says he wanted somebody to not
necessarily take classes with him

but to at least show support.
Ralph and Tina began e-mailing
back and forth in September
2002 and met for the first time in
December. "I lived in Altoona at
the time with my grandparents,
so we were traveling 2-1/2 hours
just to see one another," says Tina.
Ralph had never been to Altoona
before and didn't

know what

to

do for their first date, so Tina
suggested they go to the Altoona
Railroaders Memorial Museum.
"There was a small theater
showing a brief film, we only saw
about 30 seconds because we were
too busy talking to even watch the
movie," says Ralph. Ralph was also
impressed with the fact that before
he left, Tina said to make sure he
e-mailed her when he got home so
she knew he was safe. "This was
the first time that someone I had
met through online dating actually
cared," says Ralph. Ralph proposed
to Tina in October 2003 and they
were married in May 2004.
While online dating can be
a great way to meet people, it's
important for subscribers to
practice safety tips as well. There

Summer/Fall 2009

-RALPH RHODES, who met
are

numerous instances where fake
have been created or where

profiles

people provide false information.

"You have to be careful and
through someone's
profile and see what they have to
say," Tina says. Often, it can be
difficult to tell whether a profile is
legitimate. More than 90 percent
of online daters have lied in their
really read

profiles,

and making people

of the safety tips offered

by

SODA are to use an online dating
company that puts

its

member's

safety above the "privacy"
of other

members, use an

online dating

company

that conducts criminal

background checks, and
to spend time getting to
know someone online before
talking to them on the
phone or meeting them in

Members should
take precaution in giving out
contact information including
person.

name, phone
number, and home address.

their full

The online dating industry
has continued to thrive,
although the nation is in
recession. Craiglist personal

postings and

eHarmony

registrations each

saw

20 percent increases this
past year, and this past
November was the strongest

month

for

Match.com,

according to the Los Angeles
Times. "It's much more
economical to have a paid

membership for a month and
have a wealth of prospects at
your fingertips, than to drop
money at a bar one night

and not even come home with a
phone number," saj's Kallus.
With recent membership
increases, it can be expected
that online dating websites
will continue to provide their

services for singles worldwide.

"Before social networking sites,
there weren't as many choices,
now there's a better chance of

Online dating has begun to
replace traditional ways of dating.
"Online dating will continue to
flourish well into the future, as

new

aware of the dangers that can
come along with online dating.

Some

on eHarmony.com

finding true love," Tina says.

according to Scientific

American. Safer Online Dating
Alliance (SODA) is an organization
committed to enhancing the safety
of online dating

his wife, Tina,

applications and technological
advancements become available
and make the medium attractive
to singles," says Kallus.

^jj

L«i@>^
way to
An

immigrant family escapes a war to find that the
United States offer struggles of

its

own

by Michelle Sarver

/

enduring tne. death of two chilcfren,
long-term separation from her family, and a dangerous
and agonizing journey, Margarita brought her remaining
family to the U.S. from war-ravished El Salvador in the
1980s. Although she found a safe haven for her family in
Columbia County, her struggles are far from over.
"It reminded her of El Salvador," says Antonio, the
third »^f Margarita's six sons. H^ suggests that Columbia
Countj^beauty and peaceMness led his mother to serbte
the familythere. "She sav/the
corn fields." he says^
which resembled her old home.
Margarita is a single
mother of six boys. Three of
her sons are U.S. citizens by
birth. The other three, born
fter

in El Salvador, are not.

\

war

of Usultan. Civilians suffered through'the

for

more

than a decade, and Margarita feared that her family
would be killed. "The military was coming around a lot
and drafting everyone or killing them," says Margarita.
Few dared leave their houses.
Margarita escaped and went to the U.S. to prepare
to settle the family. She left her two boys, Tulio and
Ivan, with her mother because they ware too young to
travel. A "coyote." or a guide for her jourltey, helped her
cross the border into the U.S. The boys' father, Juan,
had used the same method to come to the U.S. months
before Margarita and was
waiting for her with
a job in

Long

Island.

Relatives living in

the city provided

Two

housing

for the

temporary work
permits and one does not
have a status.
Although Margarita

Juan

managed

a leading manufacturer

rely on

arriving family.

Margarita joined

to bring all

she lost two girls before
she could bring them
to safety, one before
birth and one shortly
after, because of the

including lifting car parts

and making axles
to pay for the
rest of the

family to come

country's conditions.

to the U.S.

Bombs from
civil

war

Soon she
called back

in El

was

Salvador could be
heard from the citv

to El Salvador.
Margarita and four of her

*Editor's note:

The names of the sowves

in

sons celebrate Christmas
in

this story

38

USA Industries,

of auto parts. The two
undertook heavy labor jobs

of her sons to the U.S.,

the

at

have been changed

El Salvador.

"They were
having problems
with Tulio and
Ivan," Antonio
Spectrum Magazine

Margarita went back, and

says.

sacrificed her status in the U.S.

boats were traveling together, Ivan

and

and most

had to board
Ivan was surrounded

of the others

the guaranteed citizenship for her

the other boat.

Margarita remained
in El Salvador long enough to give
birth to Gabriel, her fifth son. When
she was ready to return to the U.S.,
her oldest son, Tulio, was ready to
travel with her. Margarita hired a
coyote once again for $16,000.
Margarita and Tulio were caught
by U.S. authorities at the U.S.Mexico border. Tulio, a minor, was
allowed to pass, but Margarita was
held at the border. "They stick you
in a cell and they ask for papers,"
says Antonio. Since Margarita and
those she traveled with did not
have any, they said they were from
Guatemala, knowing that they
would try to cross the
border once
again and

by gasoline aboard the ship for about
24 hours. The smell of it made him
nauseous and has left him with

unborn

son.

disgust for the scent.

not go on the deck.

still

recalls

The unsanitary

conditions on the boat

The boat arrived

in

left Ivan
Mexico

instead of the U.S., forcing

him

travel through parts of Mexico

sick.

to

and

cooperate.

boundary between Texas and
portions of Mexico. The river forced
Ivan to fight strong currents. "The
river was too hard to cross. I needed
help from someone older," says Ivan.
He also had to avoid being caught
by the "migra," the

and

"immigration

/

closer to

,

—

have a social
he has no insurance. He
can still go to high school because
they don't ask for social security,"
Antonio says. Until this problem
is fixed, Gabriel will not be able to
"[Gabriel] doesn't

police."

Gabriel,

attend college.
Margarita is considered a legal
resident, although, not a citizen.
The aid has helped her take care of
six boys, although at times it can be
hard to live under the government's

to

Margarita was
She walked,

system. She receives some welfare,
food stamps,

bused, or hid inside the back

and insurance,
and only claims

packed with others. She
walked across deserts, rivers, and
other extreme conditions with only
one gallon of water a day. She
remembers that some of those
who crossed with her died of heat
of trucks,

^

After taking

was

And

[so

a boat from Guatemala

swam across the Rio Grande into Texas.

worked

third-

shift jobs at several different

Although she considers
the work hard, she believes it
was worth it as long as her family
was around. Margarita paid the
factories.

my

sons

and family for long periods of time,"
Margarita says. When she finally
made it back to the U.S., the coyotes
paid for a train to take Margarita

home to Long Island.
The second son, Ivan,

$700 a year-.
Margarita

to Mexico, Margarita's son,

"The

was] not seeing

The

permit
costs her

^"^

so hard.

the boys in El Salvador, had been
left in his grandmother's care

when he was eight.
By the time he was ready to cross
the border, it had become moi-e
until she died

difficult.

later

attempted his trip at age 13. After
an hour's walk he traveled from
Guatemala to Mexico on a crowded
ferry. The boat began sinking as
a storm swept through. Since two
Summer/Fall 2009

those childi-en that

temporary status
working

^^-JVjkH,

Ivan,

of trucks die of

suffocation.

'

she was lucky

She's seen people

trip

^

are citizens.

enough to catch a bus, they were
packed with standing room only.
hiding in the back

the

security,

persistent.

When

left

family with a burden.

start over.

exhaustion.

there

basically just took him." Antonio

explains. This drastic solution

the last of

the border than
El Salvador. She

was deported by
train to Guatemala

Juan refused to
"We went all the way

swim across the Rio Grande to the
The river serves as a natural

obstacle since

U.S.

Guatemala was

much

He

the horrific state of the boat. In order
to remain hidden, the travelers could

ask him," says Antonio, "so we told
him answers." The assumption
is that he messed up one of his
answers, and was detained. Antonio
and Margarita caught a Greyhound
bus to Texas to save the remaining
family member from being deported
to El Salvador without a caretaker.
Gabriel was being held in
a juvenile holding center. The
requirements of his release included
a signature from both parents.
Margarita and Juan had separated,
so this became a nearly impossible

Once again, the family

found a coyote to prepare fake
papers and put Gabriel aboard a
plane for Texas.
"He had all these questions
that

we

told

immigration

him that they
police]

citizens of the

area, including local, state,

and

federal taxes, and" social security,

contrary to

many

misconceptions.

The worsening economy, however,
has put sti'ess on the family. She is
currently unemployed. "Back in the

day she was

fine. It didn't

happen

until a year ago that they started

[the

were going

same taxes as the

to

laying people

off."

Antonio says.
39

has alwa3-s hved
"We don't have that
much. We have a couple of TVs.
a refrigerator." Antonio says. The
family enjoj's TV but doesn't own

The

'"WTierever

family'

much

don't waste a

lot. I

guess.

don't get that high."

he

The

shootings." saj's Antonio.

bills

sa\'s.

what it is
"Some people
use it for cigarettes and other
unnecessarj' things. It has become so

"We use welfare

for."

for

explains Antonio.

negative," he says.
It

was

difficult for

establish a

County.

It

home

the family to

in rural

Columbia

was comforting

to

them

to

find others in the area with similar
stories or Hispanic backgi'ounds.
Maria. Antonio's girlfriend, is one
of those people. Maria agrees it is
exciting to find other Hispanics in
this area. She recognizes there are
few Salvadorans in the area. "He's
a collector's item." she says as she

him and calls him a
community.

grins at
in the

The

"rarity"

and

Mai-gai'ita

considers relocating. ""There's a couple

Antonio explains,
has been thinking of moxdng to
racist people."

""she

Virginia."

She

is

thankful for the help she

received from her family and other

Spanish families, especially in Long

""1

don't

blame the people here being afi-aid. I
would be too." he agi-ees.
The government has also made
h\'ing in the local community hai'der
Antonio described the
environment in New York as more
welcoming, just because there are
for the family.

many Hispanics there. ""Sometimes
they [the authorities] trv' to make
it hai'd. Like they won't give me my
hcense or something." says Mai'gaiita.
The unstable lifestyle has impacted
her childi-en. Recently. Antonio was
asked to compile Ms baby photographs
for a college class.

He had

them fi-om his family
who took cai-e of him

to retrieve

Long Island

in

dm-ing his eaiiv vears
while his mother was in
El Salvador.
find

area, however, has not always

treated the family well,

I'm with family or

in Hazleton because of the apparent

"We

else for entertainment.

I go.

other Spanish people." she saj's.
"They're all heai'ing the bad stories

economicalh'.

He has yet

she sacrificed at work. I can go to
and have a better future."
Antonio says.
Alai-garita always worked long hour
days in hai'd. physically demanding
jobs to support her childi-en. Out of
lo%-e for her childi'en. she spent yeai's
tra\"eling between countries to biing
them together in a safer place. ""She is
a veiy strong woman." Antonio says.
The boys may not hear much from
Margarita about El Salvador, but
she cannot easily forget it. "She'll
see it in the news." Antonio says,
""people ha\ing a hard time coming to
America. She'll remember." Despite
the struggle it took to escape the
civil war. and the sacrifices she must
make here, she is glad she came.
'"I wouldn't change am-thing." says
Margarita, ""it's worth being here.'^
college

?T
$-

to

enough photogi'aphs

of his childhood to

fill

a

single book.

Despite the difficulties.
Antonio appreciates the
opportunities he has
been given. ""Because
of

what she went

through and
the davs

Island. "The Spanish neighbors

were helpful. Anj-one else just
minds then- own business."
Margarita savs.

t

W'
Antonio
(right)
in

(left)

spent

Long

and

their

Patricio

childhood

Island waiting for the

rest of their family to arrive.

40

Spectrum Magazine

ofColumbia and Montour couMes re:

ts

W

.>^'

t

may

ui^Sd to those-t:^''\0>'i^
sou

Montour

counties, but words

and
"youze," are common words in the
I

like "gotnee," "wit,"

anthracite coal region.

Pennsylvania has
differences

Though

many vocabulary

compared

to the rest of

the country, this region

is

not the

only one that has differing dialects.
Dr. David Minderhout, professor
of

anthropology at Bloomsburg

T^^riguage

of
is

Columbia and
a reflection

v J*6g^e plur;UiZ'

^^,

and the way they^
learned to speak. According to
Peters, parents have an influence in
the dialect of their children for the
first 10 to 12 years, and once a child
gets to this age they start talking
like their peers. Often when people
move out of their home town they
may lose their dialect, but allow it
to resurface when they visit; this is
their heritage

language have similar meanings,
which can be confusing to those

of

"Most dialects are social class
Minderhout. This
region has a unique dialect because
of its once large working class in coal
mines. The shortening of words like

all

dialects," says

over

common backgrounds. "A
is

dialect

a consequence of isolation," says

Minderhout.
"What's interesting about
Pennsylvania is that people with
dialects moved through and passed
their dialects on as they moved
west," says Dr. Frank Peters,
professor of English at Bloomsburg

The Midland dialect
spans from New York through
Pennsylvania, down to Maryland.

University.

"Pennsylvania

is

and "hoagie." all
which have similar countei'parts
spoken in other places. The word
"gutter." which is used to catch
rainwater off a roof and the word
"soda," a carbonated beverage, each
have nine different words that can
be used to describe the same object.
"Hoagie" has thi-ee different words.
The large sandwich on a roll that this
area calls a "hoagie" can also be called
"gutter," "soda."

called "code-switching."

that stayed near others with

and "dese" is common in
working class societies.
Central Pennsylvanians have the
tendency to add the word "enna" or
"henna" to the end of sentences to
ask "is that right?" Those with strong
German influences may add a "t" to

a hero, grinder, or a submarine.

"dis," "dat,"

Americans speak the same
language, but add a bit of personality
and backgi'ounds into the mix each
creating a language of their own.

Each

dialect is like a fingerprint,

similar to others yet always unique.

While many Columbia and Montour
county residents have their linguistic
differences, they all have the area as

denote a plural, such as "cousints"

when saying cousins. A "t" sound is
added for plurals because the German

their

common

bond.

very important for

dialect variation,"

he says.

Peters says those

who moved

to

used churches to preserve
their language. This caused first
generation Americans, those who
immigrated to America to speak
mainly their native language. "There
were Russian churches in Berwick
and Slovak churches in Danville,"
says Peters. After the churches
started closing recently, the second
generation attended Englishspeaking churches. Consequently,
second generation Americans speak
some of their parents' language, and
this area

and fourth generations
speak only English, says Peters.

the third

Summer/Fall 2009

,«'

^
^

trying to learn the language. Comra«^
central Pennsylvania words include '5

dialect is typical of the east

had immigi'ants from

.ords with-fs,V>'

A"^^'s Nrinderhout.
-Many words in ihe English ~^
S

University, says having unique
coast because this region once

tol iTiiningJaistpJy7w»*

by Kristy Westbrook

IVfontour natives

if Columbia and
outside of

^a

..a-»
J''
li*

h"
|i
lihii

j.i-"'ilv

VJ
..<'

^Uxvii'

,^

C5S

From STMSar
struggles

by Martha Harris

L
1

t's

Americans volunteer at a Gua

10 p.m., and a crowded

I bus bounces along the
I

I

_L cobblestone streets of
Guatemala. No one speaks,
possibly because they're

;

:

thinking of how to make items
jfrom scrap plastic and metal
they found in the dump, or how
much food or meat they can
jbuy for their family since they

'

?

I
'

I

I

^'

oiw^

5«^^'^^

V"

."'*^-*^J^*'"^ Mateo..

*-

made less than $5 today.
No one notices the cardboard

and tin-roofed shacks, the
who sleep under tables
ffull of beaded, woven crafts,
I

I

families

the food covered with flies, or
the orphaned children between
I? and 11 years old who shine
shoes and pick 150 pounds of
coffee for $10 per day. Most
Guatemalans are content

V\^

I

I

Volunteers at the school paint their

names and

handprints on a wall.

?

j

I

sand used to this way of life,
jbut not 16-year-old Diego. He
travels seven hours each way to
attend El Centre de Formacion
Professional Don Bosco, a
vocational school, where he
jdoes Torno, metalwork.
"I go home to check on my
brother who's still in the
;gang," says Diego, a Don Bosco
student. "We used to hide in
the bushes and kill people,
'but I heard about this school
from people who got out, so I
left the gang a year ago to try
something else," he says.
Don Bosco is an occupational
school run by Salesian Priests
i

;

;

s

'

;

i

I

:

for

14 to 22-year-old

men who

or economically depressed families. They attend
one to two years, since they haven't finished secondary
schooling, to learn a technical trade, such as welding, carpentry,
metalwork, computers, and electrical work. If they can afford it, they
pay 25 quetzales (about $3) a year to help with the costs of the school.
"Even though we are Catholic, we take boys of all religions
and orientations because they come here to try to survive," says
Hermano Raul, director of Don Bosco. "Some have no homes, and
others have no food or have been kicked out of other schools with
no where else to go. They need jobs, but more than anything, they
need help with self-esteem and role models," he says.
To help with the self-esteem. Cross Cultural Solutions, an
organization that helps with the local community's needs, decided
to have The Alexander Hamilton Friends Association (AHFA) as
the first volunteers at this school.
"We thought this would be a good opportunity to practice
community service and leadership skills that remove us from our
everyday lives," says George Cox, AHFA president. "These boys
are at high risk for becoming runaways or getting into drugs," says
Virginia Burmester, director of the CCS Guatemala staff. "They
are at this school to make a new life for themselves and need a lot
of positive reinforcement, since it is not likely they receive this from

come from abusive

Don Bosco

for

Spectrum Masazine

success

to
lalan trade school that offers

hope to students from

impoverished communities

their families."

CCS

students stay

volunteers

are

say they were
surprised at the

when they

ill.

the kids at

"I spent most of my
time painting the cUnic,
and if making their area
look nicer will help them,
then I was glad to do it,"
says Kelly Haiington, a

Bosco

volunteer.

similarities

and

differences.

"Working with

Don
made me

realize that they

According to the

are like us," says

volunteers, even though

Zhen-ying Jeany
they don't have much
Zhang, a volunteer
material wealth, they have
Spectrum Magazine senior editor Martha Harris (row two, second
from Michigan.
other characteristics that
from right) was one of 22 college students who spent a week
"Even though
allow them to sur\ive.
working with impoverished Guatemalans.
they live in poor
"I had seen poverty in
circumstances, they
other areas of the world,
have hopes and dreams
but this poverty was different,"
just like we do." she says.
says Cox. "I saw young gii'ls dressed in neat pleated
Although they live from day to day, the students
skirts and white knee socks, laughing as they walked
think about their futures.
into the shanty town where they live, where there was
"I do computers, and when school finishes, I want
scant electricity, no running water, nor sanitation. They
to be a pediatrician," says Mino Alvarez, a Don Bosco
may be economically very poor, but 1 sensed pride and a
student. "I want to go to university and fix
sense of self that was spuitually intact," he says.
computers on the
"The part of being at the school that will forever
side," he saj'^s.
remain with me is how determined those teenagers
In addition
to talking

were," says Danika Young, a volunteer from Nebraska.

with

would be easy to look down and belittle the
Guatemalans we met on our trip, but people in thirdworld countries seem to always be so joyful with so
little. I think the American mentality that the more we
own, the better, is completely backwards because it's
relationships, memories that will last forever. Yes we
"It

the students,

volunteers also
painted the
sidewalk and
the clinic where

are surrounded by a plethora of material

Guatemalan students build their
own workshop equipment and
are then taught to
furniture, toys,

Summer/ Fall 2009

make

and keychains.

things, but

I

think

we

overlook

all

the

amazing blessings that encompass us
everv dav." she savs.

«
*4.

43

tiii

9f
by Jenna Wisniewski

Getaways

clothes, and shelter aren't the only necessities.
Food,
becomes too
and relaxation days are important when
life

^^

frantic to handle. Just because money is tight doesn't mean
vacations can't also be a necessity. From a day trip to a weekend
trip, Ricketts Glen could be the site that revamps a family's

^vacation desires.
of

i^^

Ricketts Glen, a 13,000 acre national landmark, is 30 miles north
Bloomsburg and sprawls across Columbia, Sullivan, and Luzerne

counties.

Founded by

Col.

Robert B. Ricketts, the park was once on

the path of becoming a national park. However, after the end of World
War II the plan was denied and the park was re-opened as a state
park with recreational facilities in 1944. The park includes 21 freeflowing waterfalls with the highest, Ganoga Falls, falling 94 feet.
The state park, which attracts about a half million visitors

annually, according to Terence Daltroff, Ricketts park manager,
.^'^.--'
.

'V^^

*

sPk-,

^^-

%*

has numerous attractions at no costs. "The Glenn,'
natural area is the most popular part of the par
as well as camping and the beach," says Daltroft
The park, connected to Lake Jean, has a 600 acr^
beach open for swimming, boating, and fishing.
Lake Jean has charcoal grills for picnicking, as

well as a concession area.

When the trails open, the weekends bring maaymf
campers and hikers; camping is a large attraction
5'
for Ricketts during the summer. The busiest
months are June through August when most
,

'

;<

families take their vacations, says Daltroff.

Ten cabins with electric and showers, and 120
camp sites with hot showers and flushable toilets are
available. Camping prices are under $20 per night,
although some amenities have additional charges.
Along with hiking trails and swimming, Ricketts
Glen offers a nine mile loop for horseback riding.
Horse owners can view old raih'oad grades, SOO-ye;
old trees, and Mountain Springs Lake on the trail
Hiking at Ricketts includes 26 miles of various
trails ranging from high levels of difficult to fairly
easy. Located on the trails, hikers can take notice
of 23 varieties of birds including the raven and t
bald eagle, as well as diverse wildlife.
"People often think of black bears when they
think of Ricketts," says Daltroff. The park has be
included in one of the 200 official locations in the
Audubon Susquehanna River Birding and Wild
Trail's guide to bird watching and wildlife across
Pennsylvania.
Environmental education programs, ghost
walks, guided hikes to the falls, and star gazing
programs are also available, q^
is available at www.
and www.dcnr.state.pa.us/

[More information
rickettsglen.info /

stateParks /parks /rickettsglen.aspxj

Rickett's

Glen Hotel

is built

along

side the scenic Lake Jean.

Summer /Fall 2009

1

-

\^.

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570-389-289

bloomsburg University
office: 570-389-4686
STUDENT Radio

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46

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