i'li V WiftteV/Sprmg 2009; . ill'Vol. 23/No. 1 • s*r ^-/- J ji^i;: .,.-, ^•':n- *^-';^ Coif "^am^MBi ^* ^fy "y tSsiiuM >% p v^fSSIJB I Available in Buckhom Bloomsburg & ~ 5 mile radius OIIUTKADITION... i',{H's hack in'ticialidns. lie an- proud imr ustanwrs, soitw of the lincsl ^^^, ^^<^ llalldri hiod in Anu'iini. lie caiv ahoul what f/ocs into the food i/ou arc Sfrrcd. Wc pridv oursc/rcs irith our III sirvc ijou, < /loinrniadt' sat/ct's. Hi' ctnhracc Ihc Zinc art ol pizza makiufi line foods, he hope i/ou cnjofi food. Your coninu-nts. hot h good and had, arc • Corporate Accounts • Ik'lwerii • and our condorlahU' alinosphvrc and (/rcat/t/ 76 Lunger Drive • Buckhorn Plaza Bloomsburg, PA 17815 To Husinesses We Do Catering For All Occasions (/real appreciated. (NiMrSii|H'rVV;il-Maill TIL: 570.389.0530 .tin l(l:0(fpm • Siindiv i 570.389.0537 \\ I'li. l. »^ Stacked cages are c mi III PennsylVj Ltary cioinditio A look at the secrets of pet store puppies and how to avoid buying a puppy born in a mill by Megan Angstadt t white and brown ball of speed in the form of an energetic smooth fox terrier puppy races after a neon green tennis ball bouncrng on softly packed snow at the Bloomsburg Town chilly winter afternoon. With a playful snort, the puppy grabs a mouthful of snow with the ball and bounds back to its owners of eight months, Park on a Lisa Brown and Quintin Todd, Bloomsburg. Jack is few months off the couch and velped, thought he sprained a muscle, but it didn't go away," Brown savs. so I X-rays revealed that Jack's femur is square, instead of rounded head to fit breeders mill in Quarryville, a borough in Lancaster Coimty. She is 13 years old and has endured her fate until now in a cage barely big enough to turn aroimd in, standing and sleeping on feces and urine of the dogs in the cages above her. When rescuers find her she is soaked in urine, and her fur is so matted some of it has to be shaved off because the tangles, feces, and dirt can't be washed or brushed out. The Shih Tzu is placed in foster care, but even months later repeatedly walks in circles for no reason, and stares blankly at a wall for hours due to the psychological damage the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). the part of breeders stores, some have Winter/Spring 2009 on who sell to pet signs up that HSUS. Pet stores don't advertise the origin of their puppies; manv falsely reassure buyers that the puppies do not director of the come from puppy until mills. It isn't weeks, sometimes months and years later, that health and psychological issues surface, and are concerned when pure breed investment starts their facilities lot say 'thank you for your concern but we are not from puppy mills,'" says Sarah Speed, Peniisyh'ania new owners horrors of these breeding "We've seen a of almost fraudulent practices She not the only one. This isn't the image people see in pet store windows when they shop for the cutest puppy in town. The puppies waiting to be adopted. Pennsylvania produces an estimated two to four million puppies every year, according to suffered from her long confiiiement. is of the racking up vet bills. Brown and Todd were surprised when their smooth fox terrier began to have health problems a genetic, is much as A different dog, an unnamed female Shih Tzu used for breeding in a pvippy mill, suffers from mammary tumors and ear mites when she is rescued from a puppy tails They were told and could cost $600 if there are no in the joint. that this as and wagging bought him puppw "He jumped one year old and excited to be out in the fresh air, able to run and play with few cares after spending the beginning of his life caged in a pet store kennel. aren't seen in the bright eyes after they as a four-month-old surgical complications. "The pet store told me they from private get their puppies Brown all over Pennsyh'ania," says, "Jack wasn't but they told me some dogs can't be, and I didn't know any better." Pure bred puppies sold from reputable breeders can almost alwavs be registered; when purchased, they come with paperwork to register the puppy with the American Kennel Club. Howe\er, many pet stores will sell their puppies with papers from prestigious soimding "kennel registereci, clubs," according to the and buyers think HSUS, proof their new in\estirient is pure bred and in good health. Wliile these papers record the names of the puppy's parents, they do not ensure that it is free tliis is from genetic defects or that they v\'ere raised humanely. Jack currenth- suffers from a genetic underbite, and is unable to eat dry food. He is allergic to beef, and has been plagued with random diarrhea throughout his life. He is losing his fur, and his owners don't know why. 11 They Sherry Carpenter, Bloomsburg, Animal Vues, an educational program that the vmclean conditions. promotes caring and compassion for animals. According to the "puppy lemon law" in on the road, huddled on the groimd because the^•'ye been in wire cages their whole liyes," says Terri Gross, a rescuer and adyisory board member for Mostly Mutts, a dog rescue organization ill Simbur\'. Tlie dogs will hide in the back of the kennel, and often are so timid and afraid that they don't eyen know how to drink is director of Penns\i\-ania, kiiowTi as the Dog Purchaser Protection Act, says Carpenter, you haye to haye your puppy examined by a yet and get a bill of health within 10 da^'S after purchase. "Most people haye fallen in lo\-e with the pupp\' when they buy it, and eyen if it has problems, they will spend thousands of dollars to make it healtliy, or ihe\ will abandon According to the Protection Act, has died if witliiii it," she says. Purchaser Dog the puppy is ill these 10 days, or and the yeterinarian can confirm this, the buyer may retvim the puppy for a full rehxnd, return it for a replacement puppy of equal yalue, or keep the pupp\- and recei\'e reimbursement not to exceed the purchase price. "I didn't think I needed to ha\-e Jack X-rayed at four months old," BroViTi says, "but I guess tlie lemon law doesn't giye you much time to see the genetic problems that can show up." W H ^here ^ are coimtless cases of dogs rescued 1 from a puppy miU, or found wandering along a road, which suffer from different ailments. Breeder dogs in these facilities often suffer from prolapsed uteruses, from multiple, are almost always malnourished. "Sometimes they are abandoned out of a water bowl. "Tliey don't e\'en knovv' what a treat is," she says. "The things that you see on Animal Plauiet? It's happeniiig around here, it's not just big city stuff, it happens in small towns rrdlls exist throughout the Commonwealth, 70 percent of them are located in Lancaster and Chester cormties, according to Sarah Speed. "We generally see a trend of breeding dogs as a side business for farms," Speed says. "They haye dogs in a few bams in addition to their main business," she rural areas says, "with haying a higher concentration of kemtels." Tliere were 1,667 new breeding facilities licensed in 2007, according to the Peiinsyh'ania Department of Agriculture, and there are roughly 2,600 licensed assistance of a yeterinarian; they This number does not inckide the many imlicensed kemiels, especially those known as "backyard breeders" who breed dogs on a smaller scale ha\'e a yariet\' of skin conditions, for profit. often difficult births without the including fleas, lice, arid marige, deformed extremities due spending a lifetime on a wire cage floor, and ear and eye infections from Dogs in to director of facilities. About 84,000 dogs entered Pemisyh'arda shelters in 2007 as well. "If we are dumping North Penn Puppy number does not include dogs taken in b^• priyate shelters, only those picked up by shelters subsidized or partially subsidized by the goyernment. "It is the one industr^' where the Mill Watch. This economic principle of supply and demand simply does not apply," Stephens says. The owners Coimty are Amish and Mennonite, and most of the kennels are on farm property. A majorits' of kennel in Lancaster large part of the selling and too," Gross says. Although puppy 84,000 dogs, why are we allowing these puppies to be bred by the thousands?" asks Jenny Stephens, Amish cultvire is many different products, generally, they look at animals as another resource to sell. The dogs are seen as liyestock animals that brmg m reyenue; because of they are treated poorly, says Christine Wilson, assistant district this attorney of Lancaster Cormty. ome dogs used for breedu"ig are not lucky *^^^ enough to be dropped 1^ ^ off on the side of a road when the\' are no longer producing. The imluck\- ones are often sold to another mill; the others are shot when they ha\'e worn out their usefulness. "They breed sick dogs, mother with son, father with daughter, and then they sell to these pet stores, and people are paying big bucks aiid don't know what they're Gross says, that are still bad getting," ones being abused, or shot "I feel for the and killed." Although the Bureau Law Enforcement says of Dog it's illee;al an •nlicensed puppy Villi in Gordonviile, Lcxaster County their lives in ifined quarters. i2 Spectrum Magazine abuse any animal, confusion when it comes to understanding what mistreatment maintaining the old cage size requirements, and keeping the law that allows kennel operators to of and abuse means, hi August 2008, brothers Elmer and Ammon Zimmerman, Kutztown, in Berks Coimty, shot and killed 80 dogs legally kill their dogs. country," Rendell said during a news conference. The pre\'ious dog law was written in 1982 and is no longer relevant for today's breeders and kennel owners. This to mistreat or there is after a routine inspection dog wardens ordered Previous laws stated that dogs must have 30 minutes of exercise a day, but if operators of the kennels did not want to deal with that, thev could double the size of the cage for the dog, and place another dog in the same cage. This effect left the dogs with the same amount of space they would have had if they when the brothers have 39 of the dogs checked for flea and fly bites. The wardens also issued citations for extreme heat, insufficient bedding, and wire floors on the cages to m that the dogs' feet could fall dogs law treated all breeding businesses the same, whether they owned 26 dogs or thousands, and made it legal for breeders to keep their breeding dogs in small, extremely cramped wire cages for their entire lives. Sarah Speed through. Until mid-October, disappointed that some changes were made to the original bill that passed the House, but understands is compromises were necessary for the that the that only a veterinarian can on the last day of the 2007- 2008 legislation session. This Act will hopefully reduce inhumane treatment of dogs in breeding facilities that process 60 or more dogs a year. Jenny Humane new law will Stephens says that the Society estimates the bill to pass the Agricultural Committee. "The bill in its final form kept ever}' ^ iniportant provision : wanted we Speed "Unfortunately the Shrimp, a ten year old maltese mix, was amendments, including a rescued from a puppy mill in Paradise, Pa provision that would grant by Main Line Rescue. a waiver to certain kennels, may delay the enactment of had single cages. The new law has the bill," DUl, she says. provisions for exercise outside of P ^he new law doesn't go the cages, in an area twice the size into effect imtil October of the new cage size requirements. 2009, gi\'ing breeders only 25 percent of breeding facilities. "Very few kennels will have to implement changes, and it concerns me," Stephens says. First time violators of this new law would face a maximum fine of only $500 and up to 90 days in jail. 119 increases cage size, bans wire cage floors, requires outdoor affect commercial breeding as the puppy-mill capital of the anyone could kill a dog he or she owned, and it was legal according to the old dog law. The new dog law makes this act illegal, and states euthanize a dog. Gov. Ed Rendell, well known for his compassion for animals, supported the legislation that led to several changes. The new law was signed in kennels, shedding our reputation for the dogs," says. ! 1 An amendment that was added to the is law that is controversial, the creation of a canine health boarci that will consist of seven veterinarians who will make H ^ a year to comph^ One provision, however, goes into effect immediately: onl}' a \eterinarian dog. "CK'erall, may now euthanize a it's a huge first step." Speed sax's, recommendations regarding "It will iiidividual kennels. Since the control, thousands of dogs." In soine cases, kennels might have the opportvmitv to obtain a wai\er if thex" can sho\v that they have made sigitificant changes to their kemiel \vitlun a certain dogs, bi-annual veterinary exams, this period, or and bans cage stacking. The bill had been stalled in the House Appropriations Committee after Republicans added more than 100 amendments, all created to delay the vote. A few examples of these amendments, which would have their responsibilit\'," tct exercise areas for the kept several major pro\'isions of the bill from being passed, were Winter/Spring 2009 board will be in charge of these issues, they will be removed from "By giving the actual legislation. the responsibility of teinperature and huiniditv control to board, the Senate is shirking Stephens says. The members of the board will be appointed bv the president of the state Veterinarian Medical Association, an organization which fought against several proxisions of the main bill. "Within one \"ear, Pemis\h"ania be a leader in the treatment will cliange if tlie U\-es the\" of tens of haxe had a clean record from state inspections for the past three years. If the\' obtain this vvai\er, the\ have three \ears before thex' ha\e to implement any of the changes laid out hi the new "Four to five \'ears is the life expectancy of some of tliese dogs," Stephens savs, "Tlie\' have been waiting a long time for reHef, tliev bills. 13 shouldn't have to ^vait any longer." The Zimmerman brothers' case is not the onl^' one of its kind, and inhumane treatment of animals occurs throughout the Commonwealth. In October, a puppy mill in Emmaus, Lehigh Count\' was raided b^" agents of the Pennsyhania Society- for tlie Pre\'ention of Crueltv" to ^-Vnimals barred from operating a kennel in Pennsvh'ania. Although pet o'wners can't be accused of acti\"elv \vanting to perpetuate puppv mills, -without the kno^vledge of ho^w to avoid bu\"ing a mill, puppv bom in a puppv buvers continue to buv from pet stores that are less than credible. "Franklv, there (PSPCA). After a tivo-month undercover investigation, SPCA agents executed search warrants at Almost Heaven Kennel that specializes in breeding poodles and Labrador retrie\ers. The search produced about 800 animals; 125 dogs ^vere seized due to sickness. In addition to the animals rescued from the kennel, percent of the puppies come from Pennsvh'ania. O'Kane states that her puppies are not from puppy mills, but -svould not produce docLunents that prove otherwise. Of several pet stores in Columbia, and Montour Counties, Brookside is the onlv one that seUs puppies that she has had complaints about, savs Sherr\" Carpenter. Local SPCAs and rescue organizations adopt dogs for as little as 550, \vhich often includes spa\"tng or neutering, a dog hcense, booster shot, and microchip identification. Dogs are fhoroughlv examined by a \eterinarian before thev are put up for adoption, alloA\"ing the shelter to from Juh', Amish farmer John Blank, o\\"ner of Limestone Kennels, cruelt\' Chester Counts, was arrested when PSPCA agents found over 100 dogs on his farm, most of them in poor phvsical condition. Agents seized 21 of the dogs immediatelv and took them to SPCA Philadelphia Terra, a chocolate iab. was rescued from Blank's mill in Chester County before having an infected eye removed. volunteers visited the fami after reading an advertisement in a Lancaster ne\vspaper for free humane kennek and one count of harassment. Blank was convicted and surrendered 66 dogs to the PSPCA, \vas fined $576, and was required to submit to two \ears probation, during which time he can't own more than five dogs. He is permanenth' 14 and the question remains: stores, A few ^veeks prior to this raid, sanitarv and anv preAt whv bu\" from a pet store -when shelter. breeder dogs. TTiese visits bv volunteers produced nine dogs, all in poor condition. T'wo were missing their eves, savs Bill Smith, founder of Main Line Animal Rescue in Chester Springs. "Thev had big gaping holes with flies in them. One of the dogs had his eve hanging out. Two were missing ears," savs Smith. Ln this case, the owner of the kennel pled guilts* to eight animal cruelt\" charges, two counts of failing to maintain a of Mostlv Mutts, a mixed breed puppv imder the age of six months costs 550 to adopt, while a breed specific puppv up to five vears of age can cost as much as 5200 to adopt. These prices are still less than puppies sold at pet In the know existing health concerns. 65 were found dead in a freezer. another case of animal is so much between and brokers, adopt from a shelter? UTiile man\" shelters would prefer be no-kill, the^" ha\"e so manv incoming dogs there stmplv isn't room to sa\"e all of them. and Todd sav that the\" \vould still rather bu\' a dog than adopt from a shelter because to BTOwn transfer stores, breeders ^"0u can it's incrediblv difficult to track ^vhere dog came from," Sarah Speed vou see the parents of the pupp^", vou can't kno^v \ou aren't buving from a puppv mill, and vou have no guarantee the\' were raised humanelv," she states. the the\' belie\"e that shelters savs, "i.mless the Linda O'Kane, o\vner of Brookside Pups and Stuff, Bloomsburg, savs she sells her dogs for an average cost ranging bet\veen S400 and S600, up to a maximuni of about 52,500. She owns two additional stores, located in Hazelton and Hanover, and sells about 1,200 dogs a vear. O'Kane declined to gi^"e names of breeders that she bu\"s her stock from, stating instead that 90 a have same issues of not kno^^ing dog's background or possible health problems. Ho\vever, large shelters Uke the Pennsvh'ania SPCA in Philadelphia usuallv have adoption coimselors ^vho have ^vorked with the individual dog, personalit^ and particular and can help guide vou to kiio\s" its quirks, a dog that ^N'ill fit \"our Ufestvle, savs Speed. The Danville SPCA is an exception. According to Roxanne Greiner, \vho oversees adoptions in Dan\-ille, all the emplo\"ees are tiained in the adoption process, and kno^v how to help a prospective o\N'ner pick Spectrum Magazine the pet best suited to their "There are too home. many needs at the one person to be one job as an adoption shelter for just buying any dog from a puppy mill," Carpenter says, "If assigned to counselor," Greiner says, peed says that the primary reason why » ^^^ dogs are turned into shelters is not that they are fimdamentally bad, but that buyers don't get the proper guidance when searching for a dog. They end up choosing a pet that doesn't fit their lifestyle, with the result being that they give up dogs to shelters and rescue best friend." Jack organizations. About six to eight million dogs and cats are cared for after the temiis ball ^^ every year, while about three to four million must be killed due to overpopulation and lack of adequate adoptive homes, according to the HSUS. "When you adopt a dog you know you're saving its life," Speed says, "When you go to a pet store, the owners only have the dogs for a matter of weeks, and they don't know the puppies' temperaments." Often times at humane societies and in shelters rescue organizations, older dogs make up the majority of the kennel. These older dogs have already established personalities and temperaments that are going to stick around for the we stop from selling puppies, it will help put irresponsible breeders stores right out of business." Even though Jack is costing owners Lisa Brown and Quintin announces a new ailment, they are steadfast in their love for their smallest "1 roommate, wouldn't trade him for the world," Brown says, is "he's a survivor. He's lucky. my puppy miU As he races puppies is and wags However, this isn't That's why it's so to \\ I'OLi'l ISl l/p GREENWOOD The convenience FRIENDS SCHOOL The confidence I P 05 of online banking... of a local branch. FVvKeoHikiFxk Serving our friends and neighbors for more than oo years with nine branch I locations and convenient ATM access Hands-on, investigative learning in a challenging, supportive environment. big business doesn't Winter/Spring 2009 SCU shelters/Pennsylvania.asp] always stomp them out, because want them to go away," she says. By adopting a dog rather than buying from a pet store pet owners can help save lives, and prevent the future neglect and abuse of many others by refusing to buy dogs from pet stores. "What we have to stop is hard it For a list of animal shelters in Pennsylvania, visit [http://www.animalshelter.org/ it puppy mills. when, where and how you like to sounds. Sherry Carpenter says. "The food and drug companies make money from as easy as Banking his tail.^ stop buying puppies from these stores. ^ T drifts of rest simply " I once again snow, short legs flying over the groimd, limping only slightly from his recent surgery, he breathes deep through to stop pet stores selling to succes^ each time the veteriiiarian whose personalities can change depending on how they are raised. from our Todd more money than they expected, and more heartache of their Uves, imlike puppies, One way The key ^ Greenwood grows lifelong learners. Call 458-5532 orrange your to visit. FIRST S COLUMBIA wwAN-.lirsicolLimhuihank.com (570) - 1 CS6() Member FDIC Hcnion • BciA\ick • 13lc)ciinsbLirj4 Biicklmrn • C.atawissa i:i\shi.ii'j4 • www.greenwood-friends.org 784- West Scott Township lazlcion I 15 BlOO mins for Master gardeners share tips for year-long maintenance story and photos by Jenna Wisniewski back along the stone ri\'ing Duriiig the the wav to serenit\\ Flowers, and trees of all kinds o^^erwhelm the land known as a National Wildlife Backyard Habitat. "We have been plants, working on it for a few ^^ears," The Narbers li\'e on one weed whene\"er I see something that doesn't belong. nuts if I It dri\"es me don't," she says. Ken beUeves some straightf onvard maintenance can reallv help a garden and landscape develop fullv. "Annuals should be ripped out and thro^\Ti a^vav before the winter months," he savs. Petimias and Marigolds are both examples of annuals. Perennials, unlike annuals, "will bloom again and need to be inanaged much like la'^Mi care. "Leaves and branches should be picked up arovmd the plant, and thev should be kept says Jud^' of Penns^'lvania's backvard nionths, Jud\" tries to spring."! usuall\" just Narber. certified wildlife habitats. Their ^\•ulter keep the landscape cleared and trimmed so the plants ^vill be read^" to fullv gro\\" in the road, large spruce trees pave is a place for animals to live freelv, plants to grow immenseh', and a garden to flourish every year. Along with preser\"ing ^vLldlife, the Narbers take pride in gardening and taking care of landscapes. Judy and her husband Ken have been Columbia Count\^ for 14 years. "Once we moved here we had to rip stuff up and put new things in," sa%^s Judy Narber. Their natural habitat begins at the driveway and extends bevond the yard into the woods. Gardening and caruig for their land is a large part of their evers^day lives. Judv tends to spend more of her time taking care of their land at home, whereas Ken residents of takes care of their local store. Ken Narber, owner of Ken's Cattails, Blooinsburg, savs that he believes gardening can give i'Si^. .'.if w.f^yi^' also learned some satisfaction. of He has what he knows about gardens "from ^vatching liis parents and grandparents." The Narbers' wildlife habitat based on the "triangle belief," says Judy Narber, the idea that is *'"ii^-' Ken and Judy Narber take is enough food, w^ater, shelter, and space for all things living and growing on the land. In order for them to obtain the certification, thev had to take classes, their land had to be evaluated and thev had to complete tests. Their knowledge of gardening and landscape care there is extraordinary to this area. pride their 6-1/2 acre National Wildlife trimmed Da^• for lilies, in maintaining Backyard Habitat. housekeeping," says Ken Narber. Hostas, and Black-eved Susans are examples of perennial plants. He believes a location's heartiness zone can affect the plant in a negati\"e or positi\e wav. The heartiness zone of ^^'here the plant is being gro\vn wiU determine how weU the plant \viU survive. Columbia coi.mt\'s zone is a 5 or 6. Zones 1 and 2 are vers- cold Spectrum Magazine the Seasons temperatures and plants rarely survive A zone 10 is very warm and only here. certain plants will survive in these areas. heartiness zone, The when purchasing a plant, can be found on the plant's tag. These zones can affect all types of plants. Along with flowers, plants, trees and a and range on their land. Several blue bird houses line their outer property, as well as a in late April and early May so they can be enjoyed until fall sets in. Local nurseries and lawn care stores are flooded with individuals gearing up for planting season. Before a home owner can begin their spring gardens, bought vegetable garden, the Narbers have locations for animals to live gardens and getting their landscape ready for spring. "Between Mother's Day and Memorial Day is the time when most spring planting takes place," says Ken Narber. Most plants are hummingbird row, bird maintenance to their lawns is a must. "The same list that is used for winter maintenance should be used again for opening gardens back up in the spring," Ken Narber says. In the spring, Judy takes out old plants and weeds, trims shrubs, rakes, and begins the process of planting her annuals. Her favorite part of their land is the trees. "I love the weeping crab apple tree in front of our house. I can look out the window and see from the kitchen," she says. of the trees on the Narbers' land had previouslv been there. Flowering plants are also a large part of it Around 70 percent their landscape. and a wildlife feeder built by Ken. "The animals need to live in their natural habitat," says Judy Narber. The heartiness zone the baths, Narbers live in is crucial for their plants to grow so the animals living on their land can live in the most natural environnient possible. Specific plants that deer, bear, turkey, humniingbirds, and bluebirds live off of are important to contribute to the habitat the Narbers' strive to achieve. Even though maintaining lawns and gardens through the winter months is crucial, re-openiiig a garden and preparing a landscape for the spring is squirrels, just as important. Once the winter preparation for lawns, and plants has been done, homeowners trees, can start thinking about re-opening their Winter/Spring 2009 "Colors of flowering plants are attraction iii tlie big the spring. Ever)'one wants to have a colorful garden," Ken Narber says. Properly watering a garden is a must to ensure the plants endurance and flowering ability through the sumnier. Deep red Salvias and rich purple Helia Trope are streaked along the hill at the Narbers, as a row. "I Hummingbird usually start to plant duriiig Memorial Day weekend and continue for as long as I can," says Judy Narber. All elements of lawn care and gardening tips are used at tlie Narber household to ensure their land is efficient enough for their preserve and so they ha\'e a chance of haxing the best lawn and £rarden on the block. /• ;"iN»^ by Kelly MacMath Gun cowboy Dusty Ed rolls through the rickety doors of the abandoned Mainville lead mine on a rusted track in a wooden mine cart. He's'fighting against the clock. He shouts, "Damn horse thieves!" and aims his original 1873 Winchester rifle at his targets and un-: loads, desperately trying to stop Wild Bill from making off with his property slingin' ' be heard all the way to the barbershop, bathhouse, and the saloon. Behind him, a dozen cowboys clad in boots, spurs, holsters and silver sheriff stars stand and watch his fate. The tiny town isn't the set of an upcoming Hollywood film, or the remnants again. Shots can . ' . lifestyle. scenarios the Marauders use. "I've always been a shooter, and think back to your childhood of how always liked the old guns and I've always had horses, so I've been a cowboy since I was a I've / compete a' 19th century pioneer town long forgotten. It's the territory of the Mainville Marauders, a local Cowboy Action Shooting club; Ed Bergen, better known to his posse as Dusty Ed, was shooting according to one of the many Wild West of grasshopper," says Bergen, president of the Marauders, which formed in 2003 at the Mainville Sportsmen's Club. Cowboy Single' Action Shooting (CSAS) -was created' in 1981 little Participants according to cowbo.y-like shooting situations, and are required to dress in fashions frorh the 1800s, in and preservation of the celebration cowboy "I spirit. think it's a lot of fun if you you played cowboys or Indians or watched them on TV," says Kathy Kisbaugh, the Marauders' vicepresident and match director. "It's just-a lot of fun to go back and just feel Uke a kid, like you're playing all Members also create a unique cowboy or cowgirl aUas, appropriate to a profession or character from the according to the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS), and is Kishbaxigh, known as Blu Heart by her fellow cowboys and cowgirls', says she wanted her name to be Blazin' Heart, "just meaning hot blue, blazing buUets, with chapters in all 50 states and European countries. 18 Cowboy . Action Shooting 19th century. name 'knotty Lady" Castellano: Frank "Tad Lyons: "Blackhawk Kid"; "Zach of Diamonds" Vikara: "Dusty Ed" Bergen: "Sod Busier Ed"- Derrick: "Krusty Witmoyer: "Dodge Bill" Back Row: Michael lano: "Ricochet '-. Lathrop, "Pill Roller" Castel- Rod" Bardo: "Jack Silver" -eily:"Dad'Blasted Dan" Thole: Fred .'lifflin '" Ken" Kid" Sides: Dale "Gio Bravo" odano: "Texas Frank" Burk. '>-oto by Nina Gandolfo he says, "so Dodges and I my is Bill..'" . you know, but when I went to register for SASS someone already had that name,"- she explains. ^^It's drive each month at the Mainville Sportsmen's Club or one of the six other Cowboy Action Shooting clubs wi^jfei a two hour radius. The matches can last from morning into late afternoon _ Marsilia 'I The Mainville Marauders meet After a bit of tweaking. PP. 18-19 Photo: Front Row: alias for you,'" thought • corhbines the sport of shooting with history of the Old VVest secretary and treasurer- savs he picked his name. Dodge Bill,-on a whim. "All I've driven are Dodges, and it was one of those quick things like 'yoy'^'e gotta think of something, we've got to have an late nice to be with a group of people where no one really cares if you're a brain surgeon or a farmer. You're all here to have a good time and to — do Dick ' see why they call me Poor Roger, it's because of her,'" jokes Kishbaugh. Bill Lathrop, the Marauders' day," she says. and has about 75,000 members, rapidly growing in popularity, . Kishbaugh came up with her alias of Blu Heart by matching her favorite color with her hobby of collecting jewelry and decorations, with hearts. Kishbaugh savs h«r husband, Roger, likes to kid abou^ how he came up with his shooting alias. Poor Roger. "Ask him and he says lust haiig aroiind and- you 'U it safely." Sunday . hours, depending on the number The Marauders sometimes have up to 60 slio.oters at a.time, says Kishbaugh. Each of shooters. group, or "posse," as the SASS refers to them, takes about 45:60 minutes at each realistic Western ^Wou can be the little poor kid who works in the stable or a fancy sheriff or mayor of the town. '^ -'^Kathy Kishbaugh set or "stage." The Marauders use six different stages, most of which Bergen built, including a lead mine, a barbershop and bath house, a saloon, and an outhouse. Each stage has steeljtargets set out in various patteifS'and distances. Judging is based on speed, • accuracy/ and hitting targets in proper sequence. Missing a target adds five seconds to a shooter's final time, and hitting out of sequence, known as a "procedural," adds .10 seconds to a shooter's final time. Shooters are only allowed one procedural per stage. "What you want to do when you start shooting is to be accurate, because with accuracy comes speed," says Lathrop, who's b&en shooting over 40 years and owns an extensive collection of firearms. "But every miss when you're in competition adds five seconds to your time, so it's better to take just a hair longer than miss "tkfi target," he says. they load and imload on a bench in which involves front of a designated loadinglofficer while shooting, but he stilJ shoots there once a month.. At the state competition two vears agoKishbaugh placed third in the Ladies Traditional 49er5 for safety precautions. is Single Action Shooters never at human targets and safety infractions result in penalties such as time added • Shooting is a sport, there are no hvige cash prizes or rewards for winning, even at state and national level competitions. Pennsylvania's state York. fim to watch up there because there are national "It's come out," Due to health that old fashioned gims with lead two hand gims, and a shotgim, which can't rifle, . Winning "blew my mind I oriented; they to overall scores or even disqualification. Although Cowboy Action match takes place at North Mountain Sportsmen's Association in Franklin every year, and attracts shooters from Delaware, New -Hampshire, New Jersey, and New motion don't shoot that well, I don't practice, I don't care, it's just fun for me," she says. Bergen says "It's very family shoot Lathrop says. problems with his bullets fox each scenario-a category. because caliber revolvers. champions Participants use three different • our main priority," says B^jgen, who uses an original 1873 Winchester rifle, 1887 lever action shot gun, and two Colt .45 "Safety a lot of . have little kids, mothers, fathers, grandfathers, they all shoot, it's not a big competition thing, you can make it that way if you want to, but most people have fun with it." The Matnville Marauders are a diverse crowd of locals, including retired school teachers, a pharmacist, a dentist, auto mechanics, farmers, a helicopter and a Neurosurgeon. "Every trade you can think pilot, of, we're out here," says Bergen. Dick Sunday, known as Doc is a dentist and firearms instructor from Espy and has been shooting for over 30 years. "It's nice to be with a group of people where no one really cares if vou're Domingo, - ' feet, Lathrop compete in the North Moimtain State Competition, Michael Castellano 'Pill Roller' . ' surgeon or a farmer, here to have a good time and to do it safely," he says. Sunday may only live like a cowboy on the weekends, but he actually has connections to legendary gun slinger ar\d gambler John "Doc" Holiday. Sunday and Holiday are graduates of the dental school ai the Universi-ty of Pennsylvania. a brain You're all • . Sunday Like'.Holiday, export with a is an and handguns. However, unlike Woliday who rode with — the Earp Brothers, was at the Corral, and gunfight at the is known to have killed. several OK men "I joined the Simday, "to Doc Holiday/Spirit, little bit of the maybe because for Action shooting. "Several of us like- the history of it," says Bergen, "I'malways reading about it and there's a few of us here that swap magazines and we're always talking about it." Shooter has a philosophy that's not a question of just shooting targets • and dressing the • some aspect, and others have an Lrtterest in the historical part, of Cowboy • - Marauders," says relive a of reasons, Cowboy Action in his lifetime-Sunday hasn't killed anyone. number the love of shooting and antique guns, some erijdy the costume Jack Shelly, 'known as Jack Silver, says that the shotgun, rifle, for a part, of but a question what the cowboy actually represented we share the same profession and in the course of alma mater, and because I wanted to be a part of the Wild Wild West." According to Bergen, people join American history. "Cowboys are part • of the West, they're what made the west and the U.S. grow," says SheUy. "People from other countries, when they think of America, think of cowboys. Not because they were reckless, not because they carried guns, or because they were bad, but because of jhe spirit that the cowboy represented,"" he says, "if you don't put the philoSbphy in it then it's just a sport." ' . , 2 UNIVERSITY Store Your one-stop shopping experience on the campus of Bloomsburg University! Inside you will Gnd.. Textbooks - New and Used General Books School, Office, and Art Supplies Insignia Clothing and Gifts Convenience Foods and Dnnks Personal Hygiene Items But for Kishbaugh, Cowboy Action Shooting is just ^way to forget realit\^ for a day. "You can be the little poor kid who works in the stable or a fancy sheriff or mayor of the town," she says, "you kind of take away what you are in become a cowboy." Whatever the reason the MainviUe Marauders enjoy what they do, they're keeping the Wild West legacy alive, shooting one Magazines Phone Cards Computer Software & Supplies real life to target at a time. ^ [For more information about the MainviUe Marauder's, go.to loivw. mscrange.org.] ...and much more!! ^i Kodak Picture Maker R^ Money Orders ^^ Laminating J FedEx ^^ Western Union Pick-up J^ Faxing s Textbook Buyback At the end of each semester, the Uni\"ersit\' Store re -purchases textthat ha\e been adopted for the upcoming semester at 50% of the retail price. Textbooks not needed for inventor^' may be books by the Missoun Book piurchased Company at the pre\ailing market pnce. You can also donate your books during this time as well! Hours of Operation Regular Semester Hours - Thurs. 7 45 a.m. - S 00 p.m. Men. Friday Saturday 1 Sundav 1 7 45 a.m. - I 00 p.m. - :00 p.m. 4 30 p.m. 5 00 p.m. -4 30 p.m. Summer Hours Mon. Sat. - - Fri. Sun. 8:00 a.m. 4:30 p.m. Closed Shop Online!! Visit us and make purchases @ ww\v.bloomustore.com V = Wvdv Qyieut Ta^f^ story by Holly Bergin Photos by Nina Gandolfo ilUViTTnTiTTn [1 OnTTi WS'iiJi\ fVIi KWfllTi iTd of her most Hill rummages through her cupboard looking for one final touch. She pushes aside the cook- memorable projects an outdoor gazebo, and an oriental pagoda. For the past 27 years. Hill has and brownie batter to reveal an almost secret stash of dollar store candy. She ies, chips, lays out her choices next to the metal cookie sheet filled with gingerbread cutouts in every shape and size. She hovers her hand less than an inch above them, making sure no heat escapes. She sorts through t wide candy selection and range er houses to a class for adults on building multiple-story gingerbread mansions. Hill is a full-time administrative assistant in the University Relations office at Bloomsburg University, focusing on managing events and volunteers. When she is not working, her spare time is consumed by the classes she teaches and her confectionary hobby. As a young housewife whose husband worked nights. Hill j utilized her creativity during | ^ her time spent around the home. When she was a child, her father '--'' worked as a draftsman, the perfect choice, reaches into the bag and pulls oui; personal favorite, spearmi rings. When she finishes, one of them will be a decorative wing kitchen and home laywith particular details. "The creative aspect was always — - is Christmas wreath hanging on the front door. 1 "You can be as creative as your imagination will allow," Hill says. The Bloomsburg resident has cultivated hundreds of unique culinary creations from Vthis classic holiday treat. "''•~»erbread Her works showcase there for me," she says. When teaching, she looks only for satisfaction from her students and Linda Hill build her helps Gianna Miller, 5, graham cracker house. consumers. Accolades are not why she gets involved. "I always ask myself if it will put a smile on someone's face; if so, that's the only reward I need," she says. Spectrum Magazine Hill made her first gingerbread house in 1986 for her daughter's grade teacher. The house was a two-story Victorian home complete with furnished rooms and a decorated front yard. It was 20 inches high and took five days, four hours per day, to complete. "I had no idea it was such a long process; I wasn't first prepared for The it," teacher, it Susan Bickert, until weeks made later. be eaten. You display it for a while, but after that, it's time to dig in," Hill says. That first Victorian mansion remains the largest gingerbread house she has ever made. "Gingerbread is come every year wit The class is for chil- their families. dren. Hill's favorite age group. "My classes with the kids are by far my favorites. They're sponges; tell them anything or any idea and they get so creative," Hill says. Teaching classes and just baking for fun. Hill still ] " man- she says. displayed the house in her classroom at G.C. Hartman Elementary School for months. Bickert loved it so much that she refused to let her students eat cracker class to ages to find ways to "' gain inspiration. If she's in , need of a bright idea, she looks to her two-inch thick folder filled with pages from magazines, pictures, brochures, and ' it in my file. I've even asked doctors' offices to take the magazine or use their scissors to began teaching at the local 4H club, where her daughter was a member. She now teaches year-round classes in cake decorating and other con- out and put fections as well as the seasonal tains ones. An annual class she teaches during the holiday season focuses on creating gingerbread houses us- of past ing graham crackers and decorating them with candy. Many who attend Hill's graham tree in the front yard. cut it out," she says. The folder con- hundreds of pages and photos work that spark ideas ranging from shape and size of a house to the detailed ornaments on the Hill often spends time researching her best ideas. The Chinese pagoda she built in 2005 for Blooms- was She burg's Treefest no exception. made trips to the library to learn about Chinese ' architecture and She studied Chinese letculture. tering to put over the doorway, and learned the importance of red and gold in the Chinese culture. She made them the dominant colors thrnuffhout her de- in Chinese culture. Hill has entered contests in the past including Bloomsburg's annual Treefest, several years in a row. She has taken five first place and two second place wins. Her unique Chinese pagoda took home the second place prize in 2005, the last year she entered the contest. This year, she and her husband plan to vacation, free of competition, at the annual National Gingerbread House Contest in Asheville, N.C. Today Hill builds gingerbread houses as a personal hobby. She is often asked why she doesn't open her own bakery. "Once something no longer fun. I want to wake up at 5 a.m. to is stressful, it is don't bake for strangers every day," she says. Her same opinion goes for entering contests. In order to keep it fun, she tries to avoid the stress comes from constantly trying that outsmart her competition with her own creativity. Though she has been baking for years. Hill has not yet tapped out her creative process in finding ideas. Her classes provide her sluto gerbread ppomVIP^cond place Blomsburg's Treefest in 2005. Winter/Spring 2009 at 25 dents with the skills and inspiration to be as creative as she has been over the years. She contir^ ues to be a mentor to her studei| and provide them with helpful] advice. "Just started, I jump in but don't rus; Royal icing is u together pieces of graham crackers and pretzel rods can be used to fix broken pieces^ «V/«ll|*FWiT?lw one woman finds cash in the attic by Jamie Werner For most people, an racks of items full of color, per- attic is a place to discard items sonality, and charm. Although no longer a part the store may be life. of their bound yearbooks signed by to reflect rays off their used polished ex- on the football field, sewing machines that turned rags into masterpieces, and even work out equipment you thought was a good investment at the time becomes covered with inch-thick dust and eaten away by years of abandonment. Laura Brehmer, however, finds teriors possibilities in this sprit is cemetery of to find anywhere else in the area. Brehmer started out in the vintage clothing business over 20 years ago in the sleepy town of Blackfoot, Idaho. Today, her busi- grown with ness has tion of three stores the addi- and Brehmer admits she just "fell into it," ended up a website. sort of talking about in the how she world of vintage fashion. In 1980, while cleaning out a nostalgia. Walking its shopping experience hard best friends, brass instruments that small, loud, offering customers a unique Treasures, like leather friend's house, she into The Cat's Pajamas, on Iron Street in Bloomsburg is like jumping back in time. Walls adorned with leop- stumbled upon piles of forgotten trash bags. In- a vintage store side the bags, Brehmer found her She took the vintage garments in exchange for payment. "Every piece is a piece of history," says Brehmer. "We calling. ard print accents lead shoppers to Hauze, pointing out that fashion of past decades, "used more organic vintage glamour." fabrics like cotton that lasted." cally gether, they find potential ers styles of the past into designer pieces of today. Brehmer's business is also one that is environmentally friendly. Rather than throw- The Cat's Pajamas offers a ing paintings, bags, 32 and lamps. Not only does Brehmer ning her successful business with the help of her daughterin-law, Stephanie Hauze. To- and money in places people would least expect. In basements, closets and attics, Brehmer and Hauze turn forgotten variety of vintage items includ- one of many items Bloomsburg store. coat, at her like to consider the clothes as Today, she keeps busy run- m Laura Brehmer displays a 70s suede sell lo- with stores in Bloomsburg, Danville and Williamsport, she also sought out working in the film industry. Her clothes have been featured in movies including Pearl Harbor, Titanic, Across the Universe, and Hollywoodland. "Drew Barrymore wore the same hat in her movie, Riding iii Cars with Boi/s, that I used to wear to the market," Brehmer says with a grin. And even if it is the small- est detail, like the pair of shoelac- were bought ing these treasures away, she es that wants everyone to understand that "they have an option to Pearl Harbor, sell just as thrilling as the first. it." "Fashion often recycles self it- year after year," explains is by costume design- for the movie each time she sees one of her items on an actor it is still Brehmer doesn't to specific limit herself brands or styles in her Spectrum Magazine . ^% She stores. © PNC BANK not afraid of is and bold eccentric prints ors, but rather by them. is col- "I try to stick to fabulous. My eyes are drawn to prints. I but I RETIREMENT fascinated want it to is just around the comer. she says. Mostly can't," shoppers can find items from the 1940s to the 1970s in ...SO mixed with paintings, lamps, handbags, jewelry, and other timely pieces. Dior, Pucci, i door once in a while. The biggest 50 W. Main St. Bloomsburg, PA 17815 (570)387-4501 Member deciding to invest in a \intage piece how issue faced ARE WE. 9 and Marimekko, all designer brands, ha\'e been known to find their way through the when . be calm that despite is and unique some garments may be, beautiful many people are reluctant because they are fearful of how to care for it. Some common fabrics found in vintage clothing are cotton, lace, silk, rayon, wool, and fur, leather, velvet. After years of proper storage, im- many can't hold up against the elements. However, caring for vintage clothing than one is actually easier may think. Brehmer says anyone can put a vintage piece made of cotton in washing machine just as you would a sweater you bought at the mall last week. Some are washed best by the hand, while others are safe cleaned by a dry cleaner knows about vintage Brehmer nex'er Monday - Saturday 4:00 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. SPECIAL BUFFET Thursday - Saturday if who fabrics. went to school for fashion but read as much as she could about it. "Most of it is learning as you helps if you have an eye go. It for it," she says. 236 Iron Street Bloomsburg, PA 17815 - (570) 389-0281 ^ Winter/Spring 2009 33 - MD MD Robert Meldrum, Lorren Donmoyer, Lorren M. Donmoyer, We share a strong commitment MD Board Certified in Family Medicine BU Alumnus Class of '96 to provide exceptional care for you and your family. Spectrum Magazine 5 n Come ^1 in ancC'ReCa ncfUeCax in our Vf Intimate ^^ juntos V n^M se JAxitfientic Jylaries ^ Qourmet Cuisine. W Live Music Tridav Sr' Saturday Dinner Specials Friday & Saturday Full Service Fine Dining Daily from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. 26 East Rear Main St. Bloomsbury, PA 1 781 Bar until 2 a.m. (570) 784-71 69 ilaBaaiMikie^ liMMMIMifeK^ PqPi!^ Weddings Graduations j^^ \^^ ur professionaC staff is prepared to assist you in preparing your nej(t event, no matter wfiat the occasion. Services include specialty party rentals, Cuncfies, soup and wedding ca^s, f Cowers, decorations, deCi trays, 6oj(ed and saCad Buffets, Bartending and Beyond. Com visit our new [oga:tion at The (Barn at (Boone s Corporate Accounts 76 Lunger Drive • Buckhorn IMaza Bloomsburg, PA 17815 Delivery To Businesses We Do Catering For AH Occasions (Near Super Wal-Mart) TEL: 570.389.0530 i 1 • 570.389.0537 \x l"ti. iVi S.il. {()ain-9:0(tpm Spectrum Masazine Summer/Fall 2009 Spectrum Magazine ^^ Vol. about the cover: Sparks fly as welds a project Recycling Center, Paxinos. The at Jeflfs Mike Greenwalt Recession has aifected the demand for recycled materials, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Walter M. Brasch leaving the junk yard with 300,000 pounds of aluminum, EXECUTIVE EDITOR Kelly 23 No. 2 Summer/Fall 2009 150,000 pounds of newspapers, and 100,000 pounds of MacMath cardboard that nobody wants. Photo by Gary F. Clark Q EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION MANAGING EDITOR Behind the Lines Megan Angstadt SENIOR EDITORS Martha Harris Michelle Sarver Recession Rescues: the ASSISTANT EDITORS Kimberlee Courtney 8 Holly Bergin hit of Local animal shelters are feeling the economic recession (Holly Bergin) Restoring the Memory: A Benton man's lifelong dreams of restoring his car is cut short (Terrence Haynes) Alyssa Pierce Andrea Pugliese Under Wraps: ART AND DESIGN DIRECTOR Sushi is gaining popularity in our area Nicole Clark Martinez DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY David P.T. Flores Bogus Bucks: Counterfeiting with more than $64 is on the rise in the recession fake cash circulating in 2008 (Megan Angstadt) DEPUTY EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jenna Wisniewski More than ADVERTISING Minerals: A look at the latest makeup trend uncovers a foundation of surprising ingredients that could ADVERTISING MANAGER Kristy million in have an ugly effect on your health (Kimberlee Courtney) Westbrook Clipping ASSISTANT ADVERTISING MANAGER Alyssa Pierce 18 the Cost: Consumers are filling their carts without emptying their wallets (Andrea Pugliese) ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES Michelle Sarver Matt Petrini Michael Johnson PROMOTION Joseph W. Humes PROMOTION DIRECTORS BUSINESS MANAGER Christel Sholley Holly Bergin CIRCULATION Kimberlee Courtney EDITORIAL/GRAPHICS CIRCULATION DIRECTOR Ashley Seigfried ASSISTANT PROMOTION DIRECTOR Jonathan Gass Mike Dostal Brandy Mankiewicz CONSULTANTS Jamie Werner CIRCULATION SPECIALISTS Terrence Haynes Keith Jablonski Matt Shuey Bridgette PROMOTION SPECIALISTS Bridgette Bonner Andrea Pugliese Bonner Matt Petrini Matt Shuey PRINTING CONSULTANTS Mike Bischof Ken Engel WEBMASTERS ^mmmmm MaryJayne Reibsome ^^ ^m2_ Dave Fry Spectrum Magozine 20 24 30 34 36 38 41 Change in Fortunes: Recession and Recycling (Joseph W. Humes) Uncovering A Lost Heritage: Two sisters retrace their family's history to the Carlisle Indian School after years of being unaware of their Native Amerian heritage (Kelly MacMath) Taking the Lead: Local volunteers are raising puppies for become canine guides for the awaiting the day their dogs can The Seeing Eye blind (Alyssa Pierce) Capturing the Essence'' a into local photographer brings forgotten features focus (Kimberlee Courtney) Love © First Site: Two residents unexpectedly find love on an internet dating website (Ashley Seigf ried) A Long Way to Liberty: An Immigrant family escapes a war to the United States offers struggles of its find that own (Michelle Sarver) Local Lingo: The dialects of Columbia and Montour counties reflect a mining history (Kristy Westbrook) From Street Struggles to School Success: coal American volunteers at a Guatemalan trade school that offers hope to students from impovershed communities (Martha Harris) The Path of Least Expenses: From Nature Trails to Waterfalls, families nurture their outdoor spirits at Ricketts Glen (Jenna Wisniewski) Spectrum is published twice a year by the journalism program at Bloomsburg University. Address: Bloomsburg University MCHS 1229, 400 E. Second Street Bloomsburg. Pa. 17815 Phone: (570) 389-4825 Website: http://spectrum.bloomu.edu No portion of Spectrum may be reprinted without its permission. Printed by (Montoursville, Pa.) © 2009 Spectrum ISSN # 0892-9459 Summer/Fall 2009 GRIT Commercial Printing T^/nkViir-iH fni^ T iTii^c troubled. Finally, we profile a hard working immigrant feeling the There's family from El Salvador who found that getting into the hit of the recession — hard. As of April, the no denymg4t, our area is unemployment rate was at 8.5 percent in Columbia County, and 6.5 percent in Montour County. Last December, Fleetwood Motor Homes in Paxinos closed, leaving 325 people jobless. In March, Sunbury Textile Mills laid of 42 employees, and Evangelical Hospital in Lewisburg cut 28 full-time workers. Bloom Mills in Bloomsburg shut down in June after 120 years in business, putting 134 people out of work. Several other local companies have had layoffs, and others have cut full-time workers' hours. The U.S. unemployment rate was 8.5 percent in March, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Have we seen the worst yet? We all hope so. The summer/fall 2009 issue of Spectrum Magazine is "The Recession Issue." Our intention wasn't to create a magazine underlining the strain of the economy on our area, but rather to bring to our readers the issues and events of their community. After going into the surrounding communities and talking to the people, the staff found that the effects of the recession are issues and events in Columbia and Montour counties. We lead off the magazine with "Recession Rescues," a story of pet owners in financial struggle, with no choice but to abandon their animals. Shortly after that we feature a story about the usage of counterfeit money on the rise because of the economic crisis. Next, pay-out prices at a recycling yard in Paxinos drop significantly, leaving people who once depended on the extra income FANTASIES ^YREBECCA U.S. was only half the battle. In consumer tips. Spectrum shows readers how to fill their grocery cart without emptying their pockets, misconceptions about the mineral makeup an idea for a family weekend trip that fits into the budget. In our human interest stories, Spectrum examines the path of training a puppy to become a guide dog for the blind. We look at a local photographer whose childhood hobby turned into something she never dreamed was possible, and a man's love for car restoration that was and clarifies trend. We also give readers tragically cut short. For a touch of culture, we look at the unique dialects mining region, and we introduce sushi to our readers, the Japanese food that's making its way to of the coal Columbia and Montour counties. Finally, we feature a story about American volunteers at a Guatemalan trade school for underprivileged children, and retrace the ugly legacy of the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. As always. Spectrum is proud to be your awardwinning community magazine for over 22 years, and we hope that these stories reach out to our readers, giving them pride in their community, no matter what economic state it's in. [Look for additional stories on Spectrum Magazine's new website at http://Spectrum.bloomu.edu.] —Kelly MacMath Providing financial well-being for our members through dedicated professional and personal service for over 50 years. Bloomsburg Branch 2251 Columbia Blvd. 570-784-5200 Fax: 570-784-5233 - C3S UNCOVERING A LOST heritag: A New York in by Kelly MacMath train chugged slowly through upstate 1913. On it, a young Iroquois window as she headed hundreds of miles away from her home on the reservation. She didn't know where she was going, what her new life would be, or when she would see her parents again that was all up to the U.S. government. All she knew was that she was on her way to receive what the white man told her family was a "proper education." Although she may have felt alone, she wasn't. She was among thousands of American Indian children between 1879 and 1930 who were sent to Indian boarding schools and ultimately left scarred and confused by the United girl the fall of stared out the — States plan to "Kill the Indian, save the man." The Native American girl on the train that day was Gray the grandmother of Beverley Conrad of Jlilia — Selinsgrove and Patricia Lenzi of Davis, Calif. "You're kind of stuck between two worlds," says Conrad, "you've been raised one way with one family, and then sent away and half-way raised another way, and then you're 24 supposed to go home and try to fit in, but you've been taught not to." Julia was taken along with her three sisters from the Akwesasne Indian reservation for St. Regis Mohawks when she was 14 years old. They were transported from upstate New York to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, the prototype for the dozens Indian boarding schools that sprang up in the United States at that time. "They were told it would be a good thing to go to the school because, for one thing, the Indian way of life had been totally disrupted," says Conrad, "you couldn't just go out and shoot a buffalo to live anymore. The government told them if they went to this school, they'd be educated and trained in jobs and would be more successful," she says. As a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1880, most national tribes were pushed west onto undesirable plots of land. Those who didn't die en route to the reservation were left to live in extreme poverty with little help from the government. In mainstream culture, industrialization and new technology was thriving, and Americans had a large focus on change and the future, says Dr. Dee Anne Wymer, professor of anthropology at Bloomsburg University. Spectrum Magazine Two sisters retrace their family's history to the Carlisle Indian School after years of being unaware of their Native American heritage Some parents "It was a time of excitement about the future, a sort of rash arrogance that we were progressing and tricked into changing from a rural society actually paid their to a says Landis. sent their children, it, willingly some were and other students own tuition. In society of cities, industry some Wymer, "so of the time was looking forward children without permission and labor," the whole climate says and rejecting all the old values as holding things back." The general public beheved the only way for the American Indians to survive, and the only way to stop their traditions from slowing down America's progress, says Wymer, was to destroy their heritage and assimilate them into the general population, which was the value founder, modeled school name, their traditional clothes were Wymer believes that replaced with a standard school uniform, and their hair was cut. For some tribes, like the Lakota, cutting students' hair was traumatizing language was the most devastating. "Often, a number would leave the Carlisle school having lost the use of their native language, so even if they ever did make it home they couldn't even talk to their family." says Wymer. "The kids would go back home, especially to the Western reservations and they'd have no clue how to live in the west," she says. It was three years after their if went against strict beliefs "The minute that you take youngsters and tear them away from their families and their because Industrial School. in their culture. "They wanted to try and rescue them from the reservations and get them into the white world," says larger culture it it's inevitably going to change them," says Wymer. School biographer for the Cumberland County Historical Society. The school taught academics, them to be domestics and laborers. For girls, this included general house work, sewing, laundry, and cooking; the boys were taught blacksmithing, carpentry, masonry, farming, and woodworking. "I think most good meaning people thought they were doing the right thing," Wymer says, "It was a very naive, ethnocentric view at the time." Julia Gray's father, John Gray, had signed paperwork to send Julia and her sisters to the Carlisle school. Although he may have been literate in English, Wymer says that most parents were not. "Most Native Americans at that time would not be able to speak or understand English," she says, "I'm sure they had no Upon arrival at Cariisle in Navajo Indian and October 1882, Tom Torino's his traditional clothes with a uniform. He left hair was cut were replaced the school gust 1886, looking dramatically Summer/ Fall 2009 life after the children practiced marched to and from classes and into the dining hall each night, and were ranked with their peers. Of all the ways the government drills, stripped the children of their culture. the disruption of when John Gray daughters to come home for the summer. According to a letter dated May 1916. Graj"^ wrote that although his daughters seemed to like the school, they were anxious to come home to at the time, training Recruiting for the school in a variety of ways, depending on how assimilated the tribe or Indian nation already was. life; arranged along with trades believed to be happened military arrival at Carlisle "appropriate" for a Native American real understanding of the consequences of what was going on." their former identities. Brig. Gen. they deemed the parents unfit. "Parents would actually hide the kids off the reservation and move them into other houses," Conrad says. Upon arrival at Carlisle, the children were given an English system at the Carlisle Indian Barbara Landis, Carlisle Indian in the ethnocentric attempt to erase Richard Henry Pratt, Carlisle School government took cases, the Students' religions, languages, and traditions were forbidden in Au- different. for his — He explained that he and the understood that they needed go back to Carlisle in the fall, but I was 30-something years never knowing we were Indian," Conrad says about she and her visit. up girls old, to he could only afford the fare for the one-way tickets at the time, and would send the rest as soon as sister, ^ r • possible. The superintendent until of the school responded in June, giving permission for the girls to come home and adding that he hoped John Gray would be "weU pleased with the appearance" of his daughters. The Gray sisters went back to Akwesasne reservation that summer, but Gray never sent the other half of the train fare, and the I "my mother just remember looking and almost immediately in the mirror seeing never returned to Carlisle despite repeated letters from the school at the end of the "I summer. think he tricked them so that his family could be together," says Lenzi about the last letters between the "He wanted he devised a plan and it worked. I think it was an overall plan by many Indian people. For some, it worked. For others, it didn't. His children were lucky," she says. Conrad and Lenzi say they wish they knew more about their grandmother and her family's experiences, but as adolescents, their mother kept their family's American Indian heritage a secret. "We grew school and Julia's father. his kids back, so my ethnicity for the the girls said that as first — time. ^ ^ Pat Lenzi knew, her whole family was dead and she didn't know where far as she she came from." Lenzi says she knew since she was a child that she didn't resemble the Irish, German, and English family members on her father's side. "I wanted to know who we were since I was a young child. I wanted to meet people who looked like we did," she says. As an adult, she decided it was time to find out her family's history. She started by calling every Catholic cemetery in the city where her mother's brothers had died, trying to find their headstone information. When she found one, she wrote to the state of New York to ask for her uncle's death certificate. When it arrived in the mail, she discovered time what her mother had been keeping from her for years; her mother was from the Mohawk tribe, and Lenzi and Conrad had for the first a whole family they knew nothing about. "I remember looking in the mirror almost immediately and seeing my ethnicity for the first time," says Lenzi. After contacting family members from the reservation and compiling information about her family at the national archives for the Carlisle school, the sisters realized the truth about the ignorance and intolerance toward American Indians. "By the time you got out of any one of the Indian schools, you would claim to be anything but Indian," says Conrad, "you were told that they were bad people, dirty people, and that they lied, cheated and stole." The Carlisle Indian Industrial School did produce some happy, healthy students who have fond memories. Many former students graduated and became teachers at Carlisle. The school is known for having taught Jim Thorpe, a Sac and Fox tribe member, who won the pentathlon and decathlon in the 1912 Olympics and is called the greatest athlete of the twentieth century. Spectrum Magazine — But for many Carlisle students, including Conrad's grandmother, who was assured she'd be more successful with suitable training, after boarding school proved away into these schools," says Wymer. Although life more than it was before. "There were a handful that were able to make then- way into dominant culture, but that wasn't many," says Landis. Often upon gi-aduation from the boarding schools. American Indians felt out of place on their reservations, but the.y were also unaccepted in the white world because of racism. "The whole program was designed backwards," says Landis. She believes that rather than forcibly assimilate difficult there are aid progi-ams and colleges set up for Native Americans, Wymer sa.vs, after neglectful treatment and racism of the past, "They've never quite caught up." In 1918. after "educating" 10,604 students from 140 tribes, the Carlisle when Army needed school closed the people into the general culture, Carlisle's barracks to the government should have found a way to reduce the racism. treat vi'ounded Reservations had record high suicide rates and serious problems with alcohol and depression, which wasn't even a recognized condition at the time, according to Wymer. "They tore generations apart, and instead of taking that money and effort and funneling it back into the reservations in ways the natives could use to their advantage, that money and attention was funneled decision p ^' War I soldiers. came World The after a senate investigation of the school in 1913. "It was a way for the U.S. Government not to have to own up to the failure of the school." says Landis. After marrN^ing a white man and gi\^ng birth to Conrad and Lenzi's mother, Julia Gray became torn between the two worlds she knew, never fully adjusting to her new life. "It wasn't my gi-andmother's fault, she wasn't a bad person, she was just a troubled person from an upbringing that was crazy," explains Conrad, "It wasn't the exception for a kid to end up troubled, it was more the norm," she says. The government came onto the - reservation once again, this time for Conrad and Lenzi's mother: it sent her and her siblings to Catholic boarding schools, much school. Julia like the Carlisle sunk In this letter into dated 1916, John Gray requested that his daughters be sent home from the Carlisle School. Though he assured they would be back the school in the fall. After Julia Gray (right) left Carlisle in 1916, she married Arthur Evertiardt and started a family alcoholism, suffered from domestic abuse fi-om the man and was murdered she was dating, at age 34, According to Wymer, a general about American Indians began to take place in the hippie era when people were searching for alternative identities and lifestyles. "WTiat I think is sad though is that a lot of the young people have lost a lot of their culture," Wymer says, but adds overall "There's definitely an shift in attitude increased pride there that hadn't been there in previous eras." Ignorance among the general public today about the ugly aspects may stem from the education in public school systems, and the way they tend to label colonists or Indians a certain way. "School systems don't do a very good job with any kind of complicated history: they kind of just of our nation's history it down to nothing." says Wymer. The extent of education a person boil receives about controversial topics he never sent them. ^A-^i6^. 27 depends on where they hve and who white hat in this, it's a very complicated, gray area," she says. Conrad has tried controlhng the curriculum, says Dr. Robert Gates, professor of education and chair of the department of education studies and secondary education at is to make up for lost time by researching her family Bloomsburg University. "I think, what was taught was that the government was always history, building traditionally, relationships right," says Gates, "in recent years with her long we take relatives, a more critical look at the government, especially after Vietnam." According to Gates there has been more of a push for diversity in school systems in the last 10 to 15 years, and for teachers who teach multiculturalism. "I think we're making progress, but we have a long way to go," he says. But whether a person was taught about the good noble Indian and the evil colonist, or the gracious colonist and savage Indian, Wymer says that both sides are "cardboard stereotypes." "There's no absolute right or wrong, no one wears a black or lost and learning Mohawk sweet grass basket weaving and artwork. She even discovered a common tribes, interest with past relatives. love to see and says she'd the government issue a Conrad, a professional learned that she comes from a long line of fiddlers in her family, which included John and Julia Gray. While visiting family on the reservation, she's played for the formal apology for it. However, she realizes that her family's story isn't unusual; it's actually a part of the history of Native Americans. elderly at the senior citizen's center. known our fiddler, "I wish I'd known my better because I relatives love arts and she says, "it's one thing to learn from a book, buts it's another to learn right crafts," from a person, something handed down." "I most definitely wish I had family and our culture growing up," she says. "Then again, given how things turned out, each of us would not be the people we are, and may not even exist at all, if the history of our family had not played out as it did," she concludes Lenzi says that at times she has felt cheated out of her heritage, but is glad that once her family learned of its culture, they no longer turned their backs on it. She calls the Carlisle Indian Industrial School a "hrutally harsh systematic plan" to extinguish the national Above: Legendary Football Coach Glenn "Pop" Warner and his "big four" team, (left on the CIS to right): football Gus Welch, AlexArcasa, Standi Powell, Jim Thorpe. The 1912 team was the highest scoring team in the country. Right: A hand<»lored postcard from 1908 shows Carlisle's band- stand and teachers' quarters. Upper Right: Beverley Conrad and Pat Lenzi (right) at a 2006 fiddling performance (left) Califomia. in 28 Football photo and Postcard courtesy of Cumberland County Historical Society. Carlisle, Pa. 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When the puppy is dropped off at its foster home, it comes with two training videos, a picture book, and a binder with the guidelines, restrictions, and hints. new Raising the puppies is her project but it is it without help from the rest of the family, Peterson says. "My dad is the resident ball-thrower, treatsneaker, puppy spoiler extraordinaire," she says, "and my mom helps with meals and also park time when it is necessary." "Park time" is used when a person wants the puppy to relieve itself on command. Peterson says no matter what type of yard, fenced in or not, the puppy has to be taken out on a leash for park time. TSE dogs impossible to do go wherever their owner goes, inside and outside, so the puppies must learn to go only when commanded. "Many of the club members said we looked like sleep-deprived new parents," says Sharon Kingsbury, a member of the Luzerne County 4-H PawsAbilities club. Kingsbury and husband, Al, are raising their first puppy, a female Labrador retriever. Sharon Kingsbury works full time but her husband is retired. "I do the training and Al does the playing," Kingsbury jokes. "I don't think we would be able to do this if we both worked full time," she says. In additionto: — commands sit, down, rest, come, and sometimes stand. They are also responsible for exposing them to as many different social environments as obedience play time and exercise, TSE volunteers are expected to teach their puppies basic obedience. Foster families are responsible for teaching the puppy not to bark or jump, and provide basic possible. TSE puppies are not pets; raising them is different from raising a family dog. They are not allowed to have treats as rewards for obedience, nor are they supposed to have treats regularly although few families abide by become veryRtBied to her. My mother is handicapped, my father isBeBain caregiver, and my puppy pro\ides dealHjopand 1 know this little pup eases their stress by making them smile and laugh," Kingsbury says. Gail and Qharlie Kauffman, also members of the a great Luzerne Co |t\Blub, are also raising their first puppy, who has a how much the dog The Kauffm ve a blind neighbor fr^ E. After noticing that rule. guide dog increased t ity of life for their neighbor. Gail The puppy must sleep on the floor next to the bed of the trainer and the puppy must always walk on the Kauffman — trainer's left side, Peterson says. Other responsibilities include routine vet visits, 4-H puppy club meetings, grooming, and keeping records of the puppy's daily routine, problems, accomplishments, and socialization experiences. '^ l§#U:ppy 's for the T5n and organize group activities. Peterson has taken her puppy to the mall, a Yankees baseball game, and an airport. Kingsbury has taken her puppy to the store but sticks mainly to socializing the puppy with people during regular family "My parents, who live across the street visits. from we experience someday do me Mary Ne for other pup and takes h raising ir it would be a very rewarding puppy that would raised a another blind person." of the Club, has been member 10 years. She works as a secretary py with her. .y," sayj_.Xvvly. She ii_i:ai,-;iii^ and says she hasn't had any real big e only problem she has had was at the mall when her puj py kt'pt jumping on pcdplo. Another problem is chewing: Peterson says rhewed more things than she allows her puppies herself to rel \er. One of her dogs was notorious for chewing the! .J'I'\'eJ.U'cu V ipy f _ e felt s us, Peterson have Apple. "Whe | pses a deterrent spray called Bitter catch them chewing j'ou spray it I Summer/ Fall 2009 31 Luzerne county's 4-H Pawsabilities club partici- pates in annual parade on the object and also uiside thenmouth," Peterson says. "Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't." Sharon Kingsbury's puppy runs off with socks or other clothing and also takes the toilet paper off the holder. "My puppy has great fun prancing around the house with People have told Peterson that they could never do what she does because they could never give the puppies back but she says that it is not that these prizes," she says. Kingsbury, with no prior puppy experience, is trying to determine the puppies the most effective way to correct her "Like humans, and all You have it to think of and in it is dogs are different their learning stjdes are different as well," Peterson says, "Behavior and depends on how much time is spent wdth the puppy." Peterson says it is obvious at the puppy club meetings which families work with their puppies consistently. and which families only work when they are there. "The more time you spend with the puppy the faster they will learn the commands," she says. Kingsbury's puppy had a lot of wild energy but "it seems that when she turned six-months old. something just clicked and she 'got it," she almost immediately leai-ning their mind of their child leaving puppies are going off to do something really spectacular and that's offered to Other dogs are offered as ser\ice home to go out in the the entire time. Plus the first the foster family, and then put up for adoption. as a parent thinks keep them the back of puppy's behavior. Morristown, N.J. The dogs are raisers that they can't in more wonderful than I can ever imagine," she says. Peterson says that if the dog is denied by the TSE there is always a chance it will come back home. bad. "Puppy know when they get The Seeing Eye's St. Patrick's Day dogs: pohce dogs, di'ug sniffing world. You teach and dogs, or physical therapv dogs. encourage them, love them, and send them on their way always a good feeling," she says. "It is impossible not to become attached: the puppy becomes part of your Sharon Kingsbury says. "You just can't resist that puppy family," Of the three puppies Peterson has raised, only one has become a guide dog and was placed with a young woman in Texas. Peterson has adopted one of her dogs that was unsuccessful and says it is a huge disappointment when the puppy doesn't become a guide dog. !l91i9HP expected of her," she says. When TSE puppies are 15 to lb months old. they are taken back to TSE. "It's sad when the puppies go back, but it is also really exciting because they are going to do what they were born to do," Peterson says. 32 my arms." \eely says she is proud when the dogs leave. To help deal with giving the puppy back. Neely and her family raise another puppy. She knows that there is more for her puppy to do in life; "something far butter in that were unsuccessful and each of them became a certified therapy dog Therapy Dogs International. "It was an easy transition for them to do therapy with all the ground work we laid as Seeing Eye puppies," she says. If the puppy graduates, the for Spectrum Magazine — him or her one more time at its 'town walk,' but only from a distance. "The family goes to TSE in Morristown, N.J., and watches as the instructor walks the dog along a typical training route. The family stays back about 10 feet with another instructor who explains what they are doing," Peterson says. Besides the dog's town walk, the only other time families are invited to TSE is the annual open house family day. "It is the one time a year foster family gets to see and quite frankly they pay suck when puppy she says. 24 people an in Morristown, N.J. 12 times a j from all over the United States Canada to begin their instructio with Seeing Eye dogs. TSE stu( receive their dogs two days afte arrival. Students and an instru( who has no more than four or fi^ students in a class, work with tl dogs for three to four weeks. During the stay at TSE, whil training with their new dog, "dai raisers get to actually go to TSE, meet the facility, staff, see the to trafficked streets of demonstrations, so puppy raisers can learn about what they teach the dogs in formal training, building on the foundation laid when they were puppies. "At my first family day I heard an instructor talk about how incredible it is to teach students how to work with the dogs and to see that bond develop," Peterson says. Peterson has worked at The Seeing Eye hospitality department for the past two summers serving meals and cleaning the main house. "It's not glamorous, but it is actually a lot of fun. I have met some really incredibly people working there students and staff. The amazing thing is just how much the staff and ~k it," may SINCE 1924 "Our Job 32 1 You Look Good" Church Street Graphic Design and Laser Printing Offset Color Digital Copies Wedding Invitations inclu^ & Accessories Promotional Items downtown Laminating Continuous and Laser Forms Booklets Morristown, the quiet residentia areas, country roads, shopping n train stations, bus routes, hotels and even the nearby streets of N York City," says TSE. While staj at TSE, it is made sure that the guide and student have mastere( techniques necessary for the dai] fo is lo i/iakc Danville. Pennsylvania 17821 traveling throughout the heavily on after the dogs leave their foster house," Peterson says. Instructors do short training frustrating sometimes, worth A group of up instructional routines and learn about what goes loves their jobs," Peterson says. "It a lot of the instructors feel that totally NCR Forms Home Printing for the & Office (570) 275-0361 (570) 275-0603 Fax willprnt4uC(a aol.com the blind person. "You have to think of it as a parent thinks of their child leav home to go out in the world. Yoi teach and encourage them, love them, and send them on their way to live the life they are mea to lead-you stand back, wipe the tears away, and be proud of thei accomplishments." says Kingsbi "It sounds sappy, but it helps to that wav,"she savs. C55 WE ACCEPT ALL MAJOR CREDIT CARDS is stressful A Seeing after Eye puppy sleeps a long day of work. WfJ^ We do Lycoming & Continental Overhauls Bloomsburg Municipal Airport 301 Airport Road Bloomsburg, PA 17815-9512 \ '•!•* 3 (570) 784-3070 Karl George, President Summer/Fall 2009 i^B^^pppi^*^^ Cahhrim A local photographer brin; by Kimberlee Courtney Rowing up, as Cherj4 Fallon ould take pictm'es of her little and sunsets with her father's camera, she thought her love of photogi'aphj- and nature were just hobbies. Little did she know, 20 years later it would become her life. sister ' "I have alwaj'S had an interest says Fallon, whose work is displayed in several private collections around eastern Pennsylvania. She credits her love of nature and old things to when her father's career in the Air Force brought her family to England when she was two. "My parents took me to all these castles and Stonehenge, Pwhere I played hide-and-seek with my aunt." she says. '" Fallon fii'st started taking photogi-aphs at the age of 10 in nature, science and life," with her father's camera. "I would take my sister out and make her pose," she says. But taking pictm-es was not what Fallon had anticipated she would be doing as a career. "Growing up, I always thought I would be a medical doctor, a surgeon actually," she says. After graduating from high school in Delaware in 1993, Fallon moved to her parents' hometown, Paxinos. and attended Bloorasburg University, where she received a B.S. in biology. Her plans for medical school ichanged, however, after she graduated from BU in 1997 and met a local artist named Jody, who would become her husband and father of their two sons. Jack and Cole. A painter and fan of comic books, Jody often took Cheryl to East Stroudsburg where his favorite fantasy illustrator. Frank Frazetta, had a gaUery. "We would go there at least twice a month." she says, "I woidd sit and talk with Frank's wife. Ellie, while Jody would look at the paintings." Fallon continued taking pictures of sunsets and trees for her own enjoj'ment, never expecting to become an artist like the people she continued to meet over the years. It wasn't until some of her friends, including " aik and Ellie Frazetta, began comphmenting her work that she thought she was good at it. In 2005, while preparing for his annual exhibit at the Packwood House Museum, Jody approached Fallon about her photographs. "He told me 'go ahead and put some of your photographs in, these are really good,"' she recalls. At the exhibit, Fallon sold "Another view," a photo of green weeds that she had altered to make them purple. Since then, she has continued to show her work in her husband's exhibit every year and has gone on to display her work throughout the surrounding area, winning a few awards for her work in the process. Local landscapes provide the framework of Fallon's portfolio, but lately she has begun to expand her work, shooting portraits for clientele. Inspired by the photo shoots she set up with her first son. Jack, Fallon's focus for her portraits is on maternity and newborn, and she hopes to open her own studio in the future. In the mean time, she continues taking pictures of nature and developing her "ej'e" as an artist. Recently, she has started using Photoshop to enhance her work. "It's the darkroom of the 21st Century." she says. "I may diffuse an image some, darken it or lighten it, add different tones; it's kind of like making a photograph look Uke a painting." she says. Fallon's inspiration comes fi-om looking at many works "and not just photogi-aphy, I'm always inspired by paintings. It's an amazing thing to take a blank piece of paper and create something that's amazingly beautiful," she says, "I kind of just skip ahead a step." Although Fallon did not go on to attend medical school, her tendency towards science can still be seen through her work with the camera. "I have long been of art. an observer, noticing little things and appreciating them. Science is based upon observation, followed by experimentation to discover how and why things work," says Fallon, "I feel my inclination towards science improves my work." But her pictures go beyond the images that are captured. A recurring theme in her work is that "of nature reclaiming its space," she says. "I see around us quite often a degradation of the wilderness," says Fallon, be it the weeds that people rip out from their gardens or the forests that are cut down to make room for new construction. "Then we abandon these new buildings, and in a very short span of time, "nature' takes it back," says Fallon. Fx-om her pictures of trees and cloud formations to those of abandoned cars and deteriorating buildings, Fallon wants to share with others her version of reality. "When see old I buildings, I don't say, 'Oh, that's an eyesore and needs to be torn down,' God, I I think, "Oh my can't believe they're tearing that down.' who I think about and what happened in order for them to abandon it," lived there she saj's. "You see old cars and you think about someone who saved up all this money and worked so hard to buy this car. They were so proud of it when it was shiny and new and now it's just a piece of junk. kind of a throw away society," she adds, "in that when things are no longer useful we just discard them." People often look at her photos and ask. "Where's that at?" and Fallon says it ends up being the tree they drive by every day or just a block away. "I hope they will take a moment to stop It's and look around and see all the beauty and mystery," she says. "A lot of people ask me. 'Why do you take pictures of that?" and Fallon savs. "that's w'hv.'" C55 From top left to bottom: "Old Railroad Bridge." Paxinos: "Autumn." Fallon's son Jack; "Sweet Dream," Orangeville: "Beyond This Place," Shamokin; Fallon with "Tree at the Y," at her solo exhibit at the Packwood Museum; Mountain Winery To view in "At the End of the Vine." Shade Middleburg. mom of Fallon's work visit vvww.cherytfailon.com 'Mix alph Rhodes, 36, and Lightner, 29, of Elysburg, both beUeved that the possibihty of finding a mate was hmited to school, church, and work. "Going all the way back to high school, dating opportunities >^^ Tina were scarce; I went to a private high school with eight kids," says created, they can discover a potential mate. Online up per week and over eight million people have joined since its launch in 1997. Membership Dating Magazine estimates that more than 20 million people visit at least one online dating service per month. Users have access to 1,400 online dating sites North America, according to among these the most Ralph. After attending college in Florida, Ralph returned to in Elysburg's barren social scene. Tina moved around a lot. She common lived in Montana, Colorado, and then resided in Altoona with her grandparents. Like Ralph she found no potential partners at church or school. "My parents were the ones who suggested online dating. I didn't have a job and they offered to help pay for a membership to eHarmony," says Tina. Ralph first got the idea to try out online dating from a radio program he heard. "I didn't have a computer and by the time I had one and decided to sign up I forgot which site was mentioned. I joined eHarmony, Match, and Matchmaker," says Ralph. When the two joined in 2002 they were matched up instantly. With the emergence of social networks, online dating services 36 meet have been able to help the divorced, widowed, and single adults find a partner. Now, with a few simple clicks, singles can Hitwise, online dating services eHarmony, Match, Date, Chemistry, and Lavalife. Online dating has become an option for those who are working full time, have children, or do not have time to date. "It's convenient for someone to be able to meet thousands of potential soul mates are in person," says Kallus. Statistics on Date.com show that about 50,000 new members sign fees for date.com are $24.95 for one month, $74.95 for six months, and $99.95 for one year. "This is a wonderful resource for individuals who just don't feel comfortable approaching someone at a bar or club," says Kallus. Date.com offers resources for members to use such as expert advice, free newsletters, an interactive webzine, personality and community support. Launched in Pasadena, Calif., profiles, in 2000, eHarmony now claims to be the Internet's No. 1 trusted without having to leave the comfort of their home," says Shira relationship services provider. Kallus, director of public relations show that an average of 236 members get married each day Date.com. The websites are designed to accommodate each individual's needs and preferences, for whether or race. it is An religion, sexuality, extensive detailed questionnaire to is filled out by users match them up with a potential soul mate. "These people flourish online as they're able to really get know someone via the Internet. Then once a rapport has been to Statistics provided by eHarmony as a result of meeting on the site. Since 2000, eHarmony says it has had more than 20 million registered users across all 50 and There up and fill out the questionnaire for eHarmony; members pay a fee when they wish to communicate with one or more of their matches. Currently states is no cost in 191 countries. to sign Spectrum Magazine the membership fees are $59.95 per month and $239.40 •• This was the for a year. first time that someone met through onUne dating "eHarmony did a lot of homework for you, the 1 had actually cared. the questions were very involved," says Ralph. eHarmony matches users based on 29 dimensions of compatibility which can be split into three categories: core traits, vital attributes, and relationship skills. "eHarmony was more about your personality, more about who you are than what your likes are," Tina says. Finding someone of same faith was at the top of Ralph and Tina's list, and someone the who would support their hobbies and interests was also taken into consideration. "For us, our faith was the biggest we are both what we believe factor, very committed to in," says Tina. Ralph is heavily involved with martial arts and says he wanted somebody to not necessarily take classes with him but to at least show support. Ralph and Tina began e-mailing back and forth in September 2002 and met for the first time in December. "I lived in Altoona at the time with my grandparents, so we were traveling 2-1/2 hours just to see one another," says Tina. Ralph had never been to Altoona before and didn't know what to do for their first date, so Tina suggested they go to the Altoona Railroaders Memorial Museum. "There was a small theater showing a brief film, we only saw about 30 seconds because we were too busy talking to even watch the movie," says Ralph. Ralph was also impressed with the fact that before he left, Tina said to make sure he e-mailed her when he got home so she knew he was safe. "This was the first time that someone I had met through online dating actually cared," says Ralph. Ralph proposed to Tina in October 2003 and they were married in May 2004. While online dating can be a great way to meet people, it's important for subscribers to practice safety tips as well. There Summer/Fall 2009 -RALPH RHODES, who met are numerous instances where fake have been created or where profiles people provide false information. "You have to be careful and through someone's profile and see what they have to say," Tina says. Often, it can be difficult to tell whether a profile is legitimate. More than 90 percent of online daters have lied in their really read profiles, and making people of the safety tips offered by SODA are to use an online dating company that puts its member's safety above the "privacy" of other members, use an online dating company that conducts criminal background checks, and to spend time getting to know someone online before talking to them on the phone or meeting them in Members should take precaution in giving out contact information including person. name, phone number, and home address. their full The online dating industry has continued to thrive, although the nation is in recession. Craiglist personal postings and eHarmony registrations each saw 20 percent increases this past year, and this past November was the strongest month for Match.com, according to the Los Angeles Times. "It's much more economical to have a paid membership for a month and have a wealth of prospects at your fingertips, than to drop money at a bar one night and not even come home with a phone number," saj's Kallus. With recent membership increases, it can be expected that online dating websites will continue to provide their services for singles worldwide. "Before social networking sites, there weren't as many choices, now there's a better chance of Online dating has begun to replace traditional ways of dating. "Online dating will continue to flourish well into the future, as new aware of the dangers that can come along with online dating. Some on eHarmony.com finding true love," Tina says. according to Scientific American. Safer Online Dating Alliance (SODA) is an organization committed to enhancing the safety of online dating his wife, Tina, applications and technological advancements become available and make the medium attractive to singles," says Kallus. ^jj L«i@>^ way to An immigrant family escapes a war to find that the United States offer struggles of its own by Michelle Sarver / enduring tne. death of two chilcfren, long-term separation from her family, and a dangerous and agonizing journey, Margarita brought her remaining family to the U.S. from war-ravished El Salvador in the 1980s. Although she found a safe haven for her family in Columbia County, her struggles are far from over. "It reminded her of El Salvador," says Antonio, the third »^f Margarita's six sons. H^ suggests that Columbia Countj^beauty and peaceMness led his mother to serbte the familythere. "She sav/the corn fields." he says^ which resembled her old home. Margarita is a single mother of six boys. Three of her sons are U.S. citizens by birth. The other three, born fter in El Salvador, are not. \ war of Usultan. Civilians suffered through'the for more than a decade, and Margarita feared that her family would be killed. "The military was coming around a lot and drafting everyone or killing them," says Margarita. Few dared leave their houses. Margarita escaped and went to the U.S. to prepare to settle the family. She left her two boys, Tulio and Ivan, with her mother because they ware too young to travel. A "coyote." or a guide for her jourltey, helped her cross the border into the U.S. The boys' father, Juan, had used the same method to come to the U.S. months before Margarita and was waiting for her with a job in Long Island. Relatives living in the city provided Two housing for the temporary work permits and one does not have a status. Although Margarita Juan managed a leading manufacturer rely on arriving family. Margarita joined to bring all she lost two girls before she could bring them to safety, one before birth and one shortly after, because of the including lifting car parts and making axles to pay for the rest of the family to come country's conditions. to the U.S. Bombs from civil war Soon she called back in El was Salvador could be heard from the citv to El Salvador. Margarita and four of her *Editor's note: The names of the sowves in sons celebrate Christmas in this story 38 USA Industries, of auto parts. The two undertook heavy labor jobs of her sons to the U.S., the at have been changed El Salvador. "They were having problems with Tulio and Ivan," Antonio Spectrum Magazine Margarita went back, and says. sacrificed her status in the U.S. boats were traveling together, Ivan and and most had to board Ivan was surrounded of the others the guaranteed citizenship for her the other boat. Margarita remained in El Salvador long enough to give birth to Gabriel, her fifth son. When she was ready to return to the U.S., her oldest son, Tulio, was ready to travel with her. Margarita hired a coyote once again for $16,000. Margarita and Tulio were caught by U.S. authorities at the U.S.Mexico border. Tulio, a minor, was allowed to pass, but Margarita was held at the border. "They stick you in a cell and they ask for papers," says Antonio. Since Margarita and those she traveled with did not have any, they said they were from Guatemala, knowing that they would try to cross the border once again and by gasoline aboard the ship for about 24 hours. The smell of it made him nauseous and has left him with unborn son. disgust for the scent. not go on the deck. still recalls The unsanitary conditions on the boat The boat arrived in left Ivan Mexico instead of the U.S., forcing him travel through parts of Mexico sick. to and cooperate. boundary between Texas and portions of Mexico. The river forced Ivan to fight strong currents. "The river was too hard to cross. I needed help from someone older," says Ivan. He also had to avoid being caught by the "migra," the and "immigration / closer to , — have a social he has no insurance. He can still go to high school because they don't ask for social security," Antonio says. Until this problem is fixed, Gabriel will not be able to "[Gabriel] doesn't police." Gabriel, attend college. Margarita is considered a legal resident, although, not a citizen. The aid has helped her take care of six boys, although at times it can be hard to live under the government's to Margarita was She walked, system. She receives some welfare, food stamps, bused, or hid inside the back and insurance, and only claims packed with others. She walked across deserts, rivers, and other extreme conditions with only one gallon of water a day. She remembers that some of those who crossed with her died of heat of trucks, ^ After taking was And [so a boat from Guatemala swam across the Rio Grande into Texas. worked third- shift jobs at several different Although she considers the work hard, she believes it was worth it as long as her family was around. Margarita paid the factories. my sons and family for long periods of time," Margarita says. When she finally made it back to the U.S., the coyotes paid for a train to take Margarita home to Long Island. The second son, Ivan, $700 a year-. Margarita to Mexico, Margarita's son, "The was] not seeing The permit costs her ^"^ so hard. the boys in El Salvador, had been left in his grandmother's care when he was eight. By the time he was ready to cross the border, it had become moi-e until she died difficult. later attempted his trip at age 13. After an hour's walk he traveled from Guatemala to Mexico on a crowded ferry. The boat began sinking as a storm swept through. Since two Summer/Fall 2009 those childi-en that temporary status working ^^-JVjkH, Ivan, of trucks die of suffocation. ' she was lucky She's seen people trip ^ are citizens. enough to catch a bus, they were packed with standing room only. hiding in the back the security, persistent. When left family with a burden. start over. exhaustion. there basically just took him." Antonio explains. This drastic solution the last of the border than El Salvador. She was deported by train to Guatemala Juan refused to "We went all the way swim across the Rio Grande to the The river serves as a natural obstacle since U.S. Guatemala was much He the horrific state of the boat. In order to remain hidden, the travelers could ask him," says Antonio, "so we told him answers." The assumption is that he messed up one of his answers, and was detained. Antonio and Margarita caught a Greyhound bus to Texas to save the remaining family member from being deported to El Salvador without a caretaker. Gabriel was being held in a juvenile holding center. The requirements of his release included a signature from both parents. Margarita and Juan had separated, so this became a nearly impossible Once again, the family found a coyote to prepare fake papers and put Gabriel aboard a plane for Texas. "He had all these questions that we told immigration him that they police] citizens of the area, including local, state, and federal taxes, and" social security, contrary to many misconceptions. The worsening economy, however, has put sti'ess on the family. She is currently unemployed. "Back in the day she was fine. It didn't happen until a year ago that they started [the were going same taxes as the to laying people off." Antonio says. 39 has alwa3-s hved "We don't have that much. We have a couple of TVs. a refrigerator." Antonio says. The family enjoj's TV but doesn't own The '"WTierever family' much don't waste a lot. I guess. don't get that high." he The shootings." saj's Antonio. bills sa\'s. what it is "Some people use it for cigarettes and other unnecessarj' things. It has become so "We use welfare for." for explains Antonio. negative," he says. It was difficult for establish a County. It home the family to in rural Columbia was comforting to them to find others in the area with similar stories or Hispanic backgi'ounds. Maria. Antonio's girlfriend, is one of those people. Maria agrees it is exciting to find other Hispanics in this area. She recognizes there are few Salvadorans in the area. "He's a collector's item." she says as she him and calls him a community. grins at in the The "rarity" and Mai-gai'ita considers relocating. ""There's a couple Antonio explains, has been thinking of moxdng to racist people." ""she Virginia." She is thankful for the help she received from her family and other Spanish families, especially in Long ""1 don't blame the people here being afi-aid. I would be too." he agi-ees. The government has also made h\'ing in the local community hai'der Antonio described the environment in New York as more welcoming, just because there are for the family. many Hispanics there. ""Sometimes they [the authorities] trv' to make it hai'd. Like they won't give me my hcense or something." says Mai'gaiita. The unstable lifestyle has impacted her childi-en. Recently. Antonio was asked to compile Ms baby photographs for a college class. He had them fi-om his family who took cai-e of him to retrieve Long Island in dm-ing his eaiiv vears while his mother was in El Salvador. find area, however, has not always treated the family well, I'm with family or in Hazleton because of the apparent "We else for entertainment. I go. other Spanish people." she saj's. "They're all heai'ing the bad stories economicalh'. He has yet she sacrificed at work. I can go to and have a better future." Antonio says. Alai-garita always worked long hour days in hai'd. physically demanding jobs to support her childi-en. Out of lo%-e for her childi'en. she spent yeai's tra\"eling between countries to biing them together in a safer place. ""She is a veiy strong woman." Antonio says. The boys may not hear much from Margarita about El Salvador, but she cannot easily forget it. "She'll see it in the news." Antonio says, ""people ha\ing a hard time coming to America. She'll remember." Despite the struggle it took to escape the civil war. and the sacrifices she must make here, she is glad she came. '"I wouldn't change am-thing." says Margarita, ""it's worth being here.'^ college ?T $- to enough photogi'aphs of his childhood to fill a single book. Despite the difficulties. Antonio appreciates the opportunities he has been given. ""Because of what she went through and the davs Island. "The Spanish neighbors were helpful. Anj-one else just minds then- own business." Margarita savs. t W' Antonio (right) in (left) spent Long and their Patricio childhood Island waiting for the rest of their family to arrive. 40 Spectrum Magazine ofColumbia and Montour couMes re: ts W .>^' t may ui^Sd to those-t:^''\0>'i^ sou Montour counties, but words and "youze," are common words in the I like "gotnee," "wit," anthracite coal region. Pennsylvania has differences Though many vocabulary compared to the rest of the country, this region is not the only one that has differing dialects. Dr. David Minderhout, professor of anthropology at Bloomsburg T^^riguage of is Columbia and a reflection v J*6g^e plur;UiZ' ^^, and the way they^ learned to speak. According to Peters, parents have an influence in the dialect of their children for the first 10 to 12 years, and once a child gets to this age they start talking like their peers. Often when people move out of their home town they may lose their dialect, but allow it to resurface when they visit; this is their heritage language have similar meanings, which can be confusing to those of "Most dialects are social class Minderhout. This region has a unique dialect because of its once large working class in coal mines. The shortening of words like all dialects," says over common backgrounds. "A is dialect a consequence of isolation," says Minderhout. "What's interesting about Pennsylvania is that people with dialects moved through and passed their dialects on as they moved west," says Dr. Frank Peters, professor of English at Bloomsburg The Midland dialect spans from New York through Pennsylvania, down to Maryland. University. "Pennsylvania is and "hoagie." all which have similar countei'parts spoken in other places. The word "gutter." which is used to catch rainwater off a roof and the word "soda," a carbonated beverage, each have nine different words that can be used to describe the same object. "Hoagie" has thi-ee different words. The large sandwich on a roll that this area calls a "hoagie" can also be called "gutter," "soda." called "code-switching." that stayed near others with and "dese" is common in working class societies. Central Pennsylvanians have the tendency to add the word "enna" or "henna" to the end of sentences to ask "is that right?" Those with strong German influences may add a "t" to a hero, grinder, or a submarine. "dis," "dat," Americans speak the same language, but add a bit of personality and backgi'ounds into the mix each creating a language of their own. Each dialect is like a fingerprint, similar to others yet always unique. While many Columbia and Montour county residents have their linguistic differences, they all have the area as denote a plural, such as "cousints" when saying cousins. A "t" sound is added for plurals because the German their common bond. very important for dialect variation," he says. Peters says those who moved to used churches to preserve their language. This caused first generation Americans, those who immigrated to America to speak mainly their native language. "There were Russian churches in Berwick and Slovak churches in Danville," says Peters. After the churches started closing recently, the second generation attended Englishspeaking churches. Consequently, second generation Americans speak some of their parents' language, and this area and fourth generations speak only English, says Peters. the third Summer/Fall 2009 ,«' ^ ^ trying to learn the language. Comra«^ central Pennsylvania words include '5 dialect is typical of the east had immigi'ants from .ords with-fs,V>' A"^^'s Nrinderhout. -Many words in ihe English ~^ S University, says having unique coast because this region once tol iTiiningJaistpJy7w»* by Kristy Westbrook IVfontour natives if Columbia and outside of ^a ..a-» J'' li* h" |i