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July 2014
In the following report, Hanover Research assesses the market for a bachelor’s in
education at Clarion University of Pennsylvania by examining degree completions data,
labor market projections, and existing programs in the region.
Executive Summary and Key Findings ............................................................................... 3
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3
Key Findings ...........................................................................................................................3
Section I: Student Demand for Education Programs .......................................................... 5
The Continuing Teacher Shortage .........................................................................................5
Student Demand Methodology .............................................................................................7
National Degree Completions................................................................................................8
Regional Degree Completions .............................................................................................11
Pennsylvania ........................................................................................................................13
Distance Education Programs ..............................................................................................14
Serving Veterans ..................................................................................................................16
Section II: Labor Market Analysis .................................................................................... 17
Employment Projections Methodology ...............................................................................17
National Employment Projections .......................................................................................17
Regional Employment Projections.......................................................................................19
Pennsylvania Employment Projections ...............................................................................20
Section III: Program Profiles ........................................................................................... 21
Drexel University..................................................................................................................21
Military Friendly University .............................................................................................22
Curriculum .......................................................................................................................22
Pennsylvania State University .............................................................................................24
Boston University.................................................................................................................26
Ashford University ...............................................................................................................28
Appendix: Degree Completions Data .............................................................................. 31
INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hanover Research assesses the market for a bachelor's in education at Clarion
University of Pennsylvania. Drawing on historical degree conferral data and long-term labor
market projections, we evaluate trends in student and employer demand for programs
designed to prepare individuals for a career in teaching. This report comprises three main
sections:
Section I: Student Demand for Education Programs evaluates potential student
demand for a program in education by examining recent bachelor’s degree
completions. This section examines degree conferral trends nationwide, as well as
trends in Pennsylvania and bordering states, with an eye towards male students,
transfer students, online students, and veterans/military service personnel.
Section II: Labor Market Analysis considers the employment outlook for teaching
occupations. As with degree conferrals, this section examines trends nationwide, as
well as trends in Pennsylvania and bordering states.
Section III: Competitor Profiles identifies potential competitors by examining
institutions that offer a bachelor’s in education, including regional universities and
programs focused on specific high growth concentrations.
KEY FINDINGS
The most promising concentrations for a bachelor’s in education are early
childhood education, special education, and bilingual and multilingual education.
These majors report growth in degree completion numbers over the last five years
and are also high-demand majors in the state of Pennsylvania, according to the
United States Department of Education.
Majors such as elementary education, physical education, and general education
are also still in high demand. Physical education in particular is a popular choice for
male students. Other concentrations for which teacher shortages currently exist in
Pennsylvania include chemistry, mathematics, and Spanish.
The most popular majors for male students by overall headcount include physical
education, elementary education, and secondary education. Other majors with
high proportions of male students and high compound annual growth rates include
social studies teacher education, technical teacher education, and physics teacher
education.
Employment for teachers is projected to grow in line with the broader economy.
From 2012 to 2022, the number of individuals in teaching positions will increase by
10.1 percent, compared to projected growth of 10.8 percent for all occupations.
Preschool teachers, both special education and non-special education, will increase
at higher rates, between 16 and 17 percent. Growth is projected to be lower in
Pennsylvania but the Pennsylvania labor market data are two years older than the
national data and may not reflect the latest conditions.
An institution can employ a number of practices to attract and support veteran
students. For example, networking opportunities, community building, and policies
specifically for veterans can be helpful. Accommodation for veteran-specific health
and mental health issues, such as peer groups and trained counselors and staff, can
create a welcoming environment for veterans.
The bachelor in education concentrations most commonly offered through
distance education include: elementary education and teaching, early childhood
education and teaching, special education and teaching, general education, and
religious education. In the state of Pennsylvania, Drexel University already operates
an online bachelor’s in education program specifically targeted at the degree
completion market.
Potential competitor programs profiled for this report have the following qualities:
o Programs typically require 120-130 credits, which include general education
requirements, pedagogical coursework, and practical coursework.
o Field experience is generally required, such as student teaching. Special
education programs may also require interaction with students with disabilities
during the program. These experiences are often separate from the practical
coursework.
o Programs do not grant teaching licensure. Rather, they encourage students to
take licensure exams during the program and, upon completion of the degree
and the exams, students will be licensed. This also allows flexibility for students
from out-of-state.
o Some programs, such as the Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social
Studies Education, offer several specializations, such as specific areas of study or
degree paths tailored to special education or teaching English as a second
language.
o Programs appear to translate well to an online format, provided they account
for field work requirements needed for state licensure. Some institutions, such
as Drexel University, work with students for out-of-state field placements.
In this section, Hanover estimates potential student demand for a bachelor's program in
education by examining current trends and analyzing degree completions data obtained
from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).
THE CONTINUING TEACHER SHORTAGE
For over a decade, experts have cited increasing student enrollments, smaller class sizes,
and looming baby boomer teacher retirements as the reasons for a teacher shortage that
has no end in sight.1 However, a number of issues complicate the teacher shortage:2
Many states do not have the budget to attract high numbers of new teachers and
many of the most in-demand areas, such as math and science, require the highest
teacher salaries.
Data on the overall growth in the public school workforce can be misleading, as that
workforce also includes administrators, counselors, librarians, nurses, aides, and
custodians.
Many districts experience high turnover, so the need for teachers is predicated on
retaining them as much or more than attracting them. For example, on average,
about 55 percent of new public school teachers leave their district within five years.
This rate is even higher in low income districts.
Shortages are not evenly distributed. Low income school districts face greater
challenges in attracting and retaining teachers.
The distribution of teachers presents a particularly difficult problem, as it is challenging to
attract teachers to geographic areas or teaching subjects that are viewed as less desirable.
The federal government is attempting to combat this by designating areas with particular
need as “teacher shortage areas.” For individuals who teach in these areas, additional
financial aid programs are available. For instance, federal Perkins Loan borrowers who teach
mathematics, science, foreign languages, bilingual education, or other fields with a
designated shortage can “qualify for cancellation of up to 100 percent of their loan.”3
1
Voke, H. “Chapter 1. Responding to the Teacher Shortage, Keeping Good Teachers.” ASCD.
http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/104138/chapters/Responding-to-the-Teacher-Shortage.aspx
2
Gardner, W. “A Closer Look at the Teacher Shortage.” Education Week. July 18, 2012.
http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/walt_gardners_reality_check/2012/07/a_closer_look_at_the_teacher_shortage
.html
3
“Teacher Shortage Areas Nationwide Listing 1990-1991 through 2014-2015.” U.S. Department of Education Office of
Postsecondary Education. March 2014. P. 1. http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/pol/tsa.pdf
In Pennsylvania, there are numerous high-need areas where the teacher shortage is critical.
According to the Department of Education, the state of Pennsylvania has a current shortage
of teachers in the following subject areas.4
Figure 1.1: Pennsylvania Statewide Teacher Shortage, Academic Areas
2014-2015 STATEWIDE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES
Chemistry
Building Maintenance
English as a Second Language
Business Related
Hearing Impaired (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
Carpentry
Mathematics (Grades 7 -12)
Electronic
Spanish
Health/Dental
Speech and Language Impaired (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
Masonry
Special Education (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
ROTC
Source: Department of Education
5
The Department of Education also identifies several geographic locations with high need in
Pennsylvania, as depicted in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2: Pennsylvania Statewide Teacher Shortage, Geographic Areas
GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
School Districts
Erie City
Harrisburg City
Keystone Central
Lancaster
Philadelphia City
Reading
Warren County
William Penn School
-
Intermediate Units
Intermediate Unit 3 – Allegheny
Intermediate Unit 8 – Appalachian
Intermediate Unit 9 – Seneca Highland
Intermediate Unit 12 – Lincoln
Intermediate Unit 13 - Lancaster-Lebanon
Intermediate Unit 14 – Berks County
Intermediate Unit 21 - Carbon Lehigh
Intermediate Unit 24 - Chester County
Intermediate Unit 25 – Delaware County
Schools
Antonia Pantoja Community Charter School
Northumberland County Career and Technology Center
Cumberland Perry Area Vocational Technical School
Vista School
Delaware County Technical High School
Walter D. Palmer Leadership Learning
Devereux Leo Kanner Learning Center
Partners Charter School
Easter Seals of Southeastern Pennsylvania
Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
Independence Charter School
Woods Services
Lancaster County Career and Technical Center
Wordsworth Academy
Lehigh Career and Technical Institute
York County School of Technology
Mastery Charter School-Pickett Campus
Source: Department of Education
4
Ibid, 122.
Ibid.
6
Ibid.
5
6
Thus, there are many subjects and districts in need in Clarion University’s geographic area.
The following section details the national and regional demand from students for bachelor’s
degrees in education.
STUDENT DEMAND METHODOLOGY
Hanover Research uses student completions data from the National Center for Education
Statistics (NCES) to analyze current trends in student demand. The NCES uses a taxonomic
system of numeric codes to classify higher education academic programs; these codes are
called the Classification of Instructional Programs, or CIP.7
All higher education institutions nationwide submit degree completions data to the NCES’s
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). These data are classified by CIP
code and academic award level. The completions data analyzed in this report were drawn
from IPEDS.8 In considering these data, it should be noted that institutions classify their
programs independently, meaning that two programs that are identical in all respects could
hypothetically be classified under different CIP codes, which can skew trends.
Year-to-year trends in degree completions are analyzed in terms of Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR), Average Annual Change (AAC), and Standard Deviation (STDEV):
CAGR reflects the percentage growth that would occur each year if the same change
occurred yearly between the first year and the final year. This measure offers an
impression of a theoretical, steady growth rate by ignoring data presented during
the middle years.
AAC is determined by calculating the average numerical year-to-year difference,
allowing for a better gauge of annual fluctuations.
STDEV highlights the variation or “dispersion” that exists from the AAC. It provides a
metric to understand variance between the AAC and the actual year-to-year change.
Utilizing all three metrics allows measurement not only of the magnitude of completions
growth, but also the consistency of growth over time. Note that the three metrics are
calculated only when data for all five years are present, so as not to misrepresent trends.
All data are for the academic year ending in the year indicated in the table. Additionally, a
“-” alone in a cell indicates that no data were reported by any institution for that year, CIP
code, and award level.
Hanover includes all education-related CIP classifications in this report. Note that Hanover
eliminated from the top majors by CAGR figures in this section any CIP classifications that
had:
7
For more information, see “CIP 2010.” Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. National Center for
Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/Default.aspx?y=55
8
“Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System,” Op. cit.
Nationally: Fewer than 50 conferrals in 2012,
Regionally: Fewer than 20 conferrals in 2012, and
Statewide: Fewer than 10 conferrals in 2012.
This is to eliminate CIP classifications that would not lead to a conclusive discussion. A full
list of degree completions can be found in the Appendix of this report.
The completions data below include the education-related CIP classifications with the
highest growth rates and those with the highest headcount. Information is presented at the
national, regional, and state level for the CIP codes of interest. The Appendix includes
completions data for all CIP classifications examined for this report.
The regional data includes completion statistics for Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Hanover also outlines completions data specific
to the state of Pennsylvania.
NATIONAL DEGREE COMPLETIONS
Nationwide conferral data suggest that, overall, student demand for education bachelor’s
degrees has remained essentially flat in recent years. Between 2008 and 2012, bachelor’s
conferrals increased by 0.3 percent across all educational CIP classifications examined for
this report (see Appendix).
Some specific education specializations, however, saw a more rapid increase in bachelor’s
completions over this period, as shown in the following figures, which present the top 10
majors by CAGR and headcount for all students, as well as the top majors by percentage and
overall numbers of male students.
The highest growing CIP classifications across all education-related fields are 13.1015 –
Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs and
13.0201 – Bilingual and Multilingual Education. Note that these majors do not overlap with
the top majors by headcount, which are more standard educational specialties, such as
elementary education, early childhood education, physical education, and special
education. Among the top 10 majors by headcount, 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education
and Teaching and 13.0101 – Education, General are growing fastest.
Figure 1.3: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, National
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in
Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals
with Multiple Disabilities
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
72
111
105
166
236
34.6%
41
29.4
178
393
415
431
415
23.6%
59
91.1
116
78
121
155
176
11.0%
15
31.6
455
48
499
53
528
38
556
44
655
62
9.5%
6.6%
50
4
29.0
11.8
9,521
9,765
10,186
11,287
12,162
6.3%
660
343.1
78
2,798
253
61
68
2,950
263
72
71
3,066
251
68
84
3,425
267
58
99
3,541
304
72
6.1%
6.1%
4.7%
4.2%
5
186
13
3
9.9
101.1
17.5
10.0
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.4: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, National
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching,
General
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher
Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle
School Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
2008
43,410
2009
42,628
2010
41,649
2011
41,288
2012
40,387
CAGR
-1.8%
AAC
-756
STDEV
238.5
9,521
9,765
10,186
11,287
12,162
6.3%
660
343.1
9,521
9,664
9,277
9,168
9,047
-1.3%
-119
187.5
6,962
7,134
7,377
7,515
8,073
3.8%
278
166.2
4,564
3,429
2,798
4,495
3,717
2,950
4,241
3,951
3,066
4,203
4,017
3,425
4,474
3,913
3,541
-0.5%
3.4%
6.1%
-23
121
186
188.5
153.5
101.1
2,898
2,759
2,674
2,873
2,984
0.7%
22
138.4
2,747
2,706
2,645
2,857
2,958
1.9%
53
111.1
2,144
2,111
2,252
2,249
2,438
3.3%
74
93.7
Source: IPEDS
Across all education majors nationally, men made up approximately 20 percent of the
bachelor’s degree completions between 2008 and 2012. Thus, majors in which male
students accounted for over 50 percent of completions can be considered to have a
particularly strong draw for men. Nationally, these include 13.1309 – Technology Teacher
Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, 13.0403 – Adult and Continuing Education
Administration, and 13.1329 – Physics Teacher Education, all of which are
disproportionately male. The highest overall male headcounts are in physical education
teaching, elementary education and teaching, and secondary education and teaching. Note
that 13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching is both the highest number of
males and a highly disproportionately male major, suggesting that it is may be a good choice
for an education major that would appeal to men.
Figure 1.5: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, National
CIP
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
2008-2012
TOTAL
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
CAGR
% MALE
3,101
2,542
-2.4%
82%
245
5,405
46,677
4,506
10,789
50
1,338
94
3,164
162
3,493
27,232
2,573
6,097
28
739
49
1,647
6.6%
-9.1%
-1.3%
-4.6%
-1.8%
-14.5%
4.7%
--0.7%
66%
65%
58%
57%
57%
56%
55%
52%
52%
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.6: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount, National
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008-2012
TOTAL
46,677
209,362
21,977
19,027
10,789
37,061
11,194
5,405
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
27,232
18,880
8,781
7,753
6,097
3,848
3,704
3,493
13,913
14,188
CAGR
% MALE
-1.3%
-1.8%
-0.5%
3.4%
-1.8%
3.8%
3.3%
-9.1%
58%
9%
40%
41%
57%
10%
33%
65%
3,147
1.9%
23%
2,936
0.7%
21%
REGIONAL DEGREE COMPLETIONS
Regionally, the fastest growing major is 13.1015 – Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs. In spite of overall smaller numbers, this major has
expanded from only 19 students in 2008 to 143 in 2012, presenting a CAGR of almost 66
percent. Note that 13.1312 – Music Teacher Education has grown at a rate of 6.6 percent
since 2008 and is a well-established, larger major.
Figure 1.7: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, Regional
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with
Multiple Disabilities
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
19
32
42
91
143
65.6%
31.0
19.6
21
15
15
65
81
40.1%
15.0
21.7
14
20
58
18
171
913
57
360
17
12
55
24
158
1,187
47
331
12
21
62
18
139
1,225
49
449
18
23
64
22
152
1,242
60
468
25
27
78
24
222
1,181
69
427
15.6%
7.8%
7.7%
7.5%
6.7%
6.6%
4.9%
4.4%
2.8
1.8
5.0
1.5
12.8
67.0
3.0
16.8
4.7
6.2
6.3
4.6
35.2
125.1
8.2
62.6
Source: IPEDS
Regional majors with the overall highest headcount are similar to those at the national level.
Among those in the top 10, music teacher education again seems to be a particularly
promising major, as it demonstrates high growth that the others in the top 10 lack.
Figure 1.8: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, Regional
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008
8,465
2,594
1,936
2009
8,230
2,534
1,887
2010
8,011
2,753
1,951
2011
8,006
2,484
1,938
2012
7,877
2,438
2,185
CAGR
-1.8%
-1.5%
3.1%
AAC
-147.0
-39.0
62.3
STDEV
91.4
173.2
114.2
1,896
1,738
1,651
1,718
1,700
-2.7%
-49.0
83.3
913
1,167
1,187
1,070
1,225
960
1,242
1,060
1,181
1,158
6.6%
-0.2%
67.0
-2.3
125.1
101.4
872
947
922
896
966
2.6%
23.5
49.0
922
883
759
874
892
-0.8%
-7.5
86.9
1,031
943
790
767
805
-6.0%
-56.5
71.3
866
808
713
742
713
-4.7%
-38.3
45.3
The most disproportionately male majors in the region are similar to the national figures.
Note that 13.1318 – Social Studies Teacher Education is an established major that reports
58 percent of its degree completions from males.
Figure 1.9: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, Regional
CIP
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
39.0401 Religious Education
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
2008-2012
TOTAL
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
CAGR
% MALE
598
488
-6.8%
81.6%
86
8,703
57
5,308
-3.8%
-3.4%
66.3%
61.0%
4,603
2,757
1.4%
59.9%
102
66
3,842
317
774
1,289
61
39
2,211
178
411
672
3.7%
7.5%
-4.7%
1.7%
-2.1%
-6.7%
59.8%
59.1%
57.5%
56.2%
53.1%
52.1%
Source: IPEDS
Among the top 10 CIP classifications with the highest male headcounts, 13.1312 – Music
Teacher Education major is particularly promising, with a highly-male student population,
high growth, and high overall numbers. Note that Physical Education appears to be
extremely popular among male students, with highly disproportionate male completions
and large overall numbers.
Figure 1.10: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount, Regional
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008-2012
TOTAL
8,703
40,589
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
5,308
4,293
4,603
CAGR
% MALE
-3.4%
-1.4%
61.0%
10.6%
2,757
1.4%
59.9%
3,842
5,415
5,748
12,803
2,211
2,191
2,074
1,337
-4.7%
-4.8%
7.6%
1.5%
57.5%
40.5%
36.1%
10.4%
4,336
1,099
-6.4%
25.3%
2,911
3,293
1,030
716
0.2%
-2.6%
35.4%
21.7%
PENNSYLVANIA
The top majors by CAGR in Pennsylvania are altogether less high-growth than the regional
and national counterparts. While 13.1015 – Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs has shown tremendous growth since 2008, it is a
small major overall. Among the top 10, 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education and Teaching
shows both high growth and high overall numbers.
Figure 1.11: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional
Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
2
1
7
56
91
159.7%
22.3
20.5
6
242
62
104
11
6
255
77
118
15
8
302
45
134
6
5
270
72
150
5
11
395
100
134
13
16.4%
13.0%
12.7%
6.5%
4.3%
1.3
38.3
9.5
7.5
0.5
3.3
57.4
24.5
13.6
6.3
40
54
58
44
47
4.1%
1.8
10.1
99
69
91
89
105
92
116
104
111
75
2.9%
2.1%
3.0
1.5
9.6
18.6
110
99
115
106
119
2.0%
2.3
12.3
Source: IPEDS
The top CIP classifications by headcount are similar in Pennsylvania to those nationally and
regionally. However, note that the growth rates among the largest overall majors is small
across the board, apart from 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education and Teaching and
13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching.
Figure 1.12: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching,
General
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher
Education
13.0101 Education, General
Source: IPEDS
2008
4,108
2009
3,989
2010
3,940
2011
3,938
2012
3,934
CAGR
-1.1%
AAC
-43.5
STDEV
47.5
693
714
678
658
717
0.9%
6.0
37.0
242
255
302
270
395
13.0%
38.3
57.4
275
178
282
184
258
199
286
192
280
172
0.5%
-0.9%
1.3
-1.5
19.0
13.2
104
118
134
150
134
6.5%
7.5
13.6
110
99
115
106
119
2.0%
2.3
12.3
99
91
105
116
111
2.9%
3.0
9.6
96
95
85
93
103
1.8%
1.8
7.9
101
90
68
66
102
0.2%
0.3
21.8
The top majors for males, by both percentage and headcount, are similar to the regional
and national figures. Note again that 13.1318 – Social Studies Teacher Education and
13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching are options with high male enrollment
and high overall numbers. CIP 13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching also
shows growth compared to other examined areas.
Figure 1.13: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and
Research, Other
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
2008-2012
TOTAL
14
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
10
11
CAGR
% MALE
0.0%
71.4%
7
--
63.6%
47
522
16
60
640
29
311
9
33
337
-20.5%
2.9%
-12.0%
-1.8%
6.5%
61.7%
59.6%
56.3%
55.0%
52.7%
16
8
--
50.0%
4
2
2
1
---
50.0%
50.0%
CAGR
% MALE
-1.1%
0.5%
-0.9%
6.5%
0.9%
2.9%
1.8%
-8.2%
0.2%
12.3%
40.8%
37.5%
52.7%
9.3%
59.6%
25.0%
38.6%
17.3%
4.1%
23.9%
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.14: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional
Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
2008-2012
TOTAL
19,909
1,381
925
640
3,460
522
472
303
427
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
2,450
563
347
337
323
311
118
117
74
243
58
Source: IPEDS
DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Beginning in 2012, IPEDS lists programs that offer distance education. Note that this does
not signify programs with all-distance enrollments; it merely means that that degree option
is available via distance education. However, this can provide a rough measure of the
commonality of distance education among educational specializations. The figure below
details the number of distance education programs listed per CIP classification nationally.
According to 2012 data, the most common majors to offer distance education programs are
Elementary Education and Teaching, Early Childhood Education and Teaching, Special
Education and Teaching, and Religious Education. These programs may be particularly
popular and/or may translate well to an online format.
Figure 1.15: Distance Education Program Counts, by Major
CIP CLASSIFICATION
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
39.0401 Religious Education
13.9999 Education, Other
13.0101 Education, General
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
51.3817 Nursing Education
Source: IPEDS
NUMBER OF
PROGRAMS
64
27
19
17
16
14
12
8
7
7
6
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SERVING VETERANS
In supporting veterans in pursuing higher education, an important concern is to provide
commitment and support from the leaders of the institution, as a public commitment from
the president or other administrators will have an influence throughout the college or
university. It can also be helpful to provide veterans with resources specific to their needs,
such as program websites, welcome activities, marketing, handbooks, and financial planning
that are specifically geared towards veterans.9
Providing veterans with opportunities to network with one another as well as to voice their
specific concerns can be helpful as well. Accommodations for veteran-specific health and
mental health issues can be very beneficial, with options including creating a mentor group,
having counselors who are trained to assist veterans, and/or making counseling resources
more accessible for veterans.10
In order to accomplish all of this, staff and leadership should be trained in accommodating
veterans’ needs and there should be a distinct set of policies for veterans and deployed
military personnel. Institutions may also consider waiving fees for veterans or offering
unique tuition discounts or scholarships. Serving the needs of the veteran community will
build popularity for a specific institution or program and attract future veteran students.11
9
“Best Practices for Serving the Student Veteran.” CAEL. 2012. P. 1.
http://sunytaaccctpla.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/best-practices-handout-final.pdf
10
Ibid, 2.
11
Ibid.
This section considers the employment outlook for the occupations most commonly
associated with education. We examine national employment projection data, as well as
data for Pennsylvania and the surrounding region gathered from state labor departments.
EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS METHODOLOGY
The BLS and state departments of labor data follow a similar classification process to that of
NCES and its CIP codes. The BLS uses Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes to
classify occupations. When constructing labor market assessments, Hanover Research uses
the CIP-SOC Crosswalk to identify SOCs related the relevant academic fields. The crosswalk
is provided by NCES.12 For this report, Hanover includes all teaching occupations for birth to
12th grade education, as well as teaching specializations including special education,
technical education, and “all other” teachers and instructors. Relevant occupations are
listed in the following figure.
Figure 2.1: Relevant Occupation by SOC Code
SOC
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
OCCUPATION
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
13
NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
In this section, Hanover Research highlights the occupational projections on a national level
to demonstrate how the field is growing on a broader scale. Figure 2.2 displays Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) projections for employment trends in education from 2012 to 2022.
12
“Resources: 2000-2010 CIP Conversion.” National Center for Education Statistics.
http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/resources.aspx?y=55
13
“Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2013.” United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
http://www.bls.gov/oes/home.htm
Figure 2.2: National Employment Projections, 2012-2022
SOC
TITLE
2012
2022
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
00-0000
All occupations
Preschool teachers, except special
education
Kindergarten teachers, except special
education
Elementary school teachers, except
special education
Middle school teachers, except special
and career/technical education
Career/technical education teachers,
middle school
Secondary school teachers, except
special and career/technical education
Career/technical education teachers,
secondary school
Special education teachers, preschool
Special education teachers,
kindergarten and elementary school
Special education teachers, middle
school
Special education teachers, secondary
school
Special education teachers, all other
Adult basic and secondary education
and literacy teachers and instructors
Self-enrichment education teachers
Teachers and instructors, all other
Total
145,355.8
160,983.7
15,628.0
10.8%
AVERAGE
ANNUAL
OPENINGS
5,055.7
438.2
514.6
76.4
17.4%
19.9
158.5
179.1
20.6
13.0%
6.5
1,361.2
1,529.1
167.9
12.3%
46.7
614.4
690.4
76.0
12.4%
21.1
18.2
19.1
0.9
5.2%
0.5
955.8
1,008.7
52.9
5.5%
31.3
85.4
89.7
4.3
5.0%
2.8
22.3
25.9
3.6
16.2%
0.7
194.6
206.6
12.0
6.2%
4.5
94.6
99.5
4.9
5.2%
2.1
131.3
137.4
6.1
4.6%
2.9
40.7
44.6
3.9
9.5%
1.1
77.4
84.2
6.7
8.7%
2.0
316.2
981.6
5,490.4
360.1
1,057.5
6,046.5
43.9
75.9
556.1
13.9%
7.7%
10.1%
9.8
24.4
176.3
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2051
25-2052
25-2053
25-2054
25-2059
25-3011
25-3021
25-3099
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
All numbers are in thousands.
14
The employment projections on the national level indicate that education is a growing
field, increasing at close to the same rate as all occupations, which is 10.8 percent. From
2012 to 2022, the number of individuals in teaching positions will increase by approximately
10.1 percent. In particular, preschool teachers, both special education and non-special
education, will increase at higher rates, between 16 and 17 percent.
14
“Employment Projections.” United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
http://data.bls.gov/projections/occupationProj
REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
As with the degree completions data in Section I, Hanover Research provides employment
projection data for Clarion University’s region. This comprises data from Pennsylvania and
all bordering states, including Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and West
Virginia.
Growth in teaching occupations is projected to be significantly lower, regionally, with
several occupations showing negative change between 2010 and 2020. Note that the state
data used for regional projections covers a less recent time period, 2010 to 2020, while the
national data covers 2012 to 2022. Thus, these figures may demonstrate slower growth
than the most up-to-date figures. Still, self-enrichment education teachers, special
education teachers, and preschool teachers all show higher growth than the average.
Figure 2.3: Regional Employment Projections, 2010-2020
SOC
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
OCCUPATION
Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except
Special Education
Middle School Teachers, Except
Special and Career/Technical
Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle
School
Secondary School Teachers, Except
Special and Career/Technical
Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers,
Secondary School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Kindergarten, and Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle
School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Adult Basic and Secondary Education
and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Total
2010
2020
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
AVERAGE ANNUAL
OPENINGS
84,515
94,552
10,037
11.9%
3,214
38,144
41,412
3,268
8.6%
1,319
263,243
278,271
15,028
5.7%
7,295
143,135
152,927
9,792
6.8%
4,119
2,865
2,860
0
0.0%
60
223,767
220,190
-3,582
-1.6%
6,281
17,137
15,700
-1,437
-8.4%
467
62,866
70,238
7,377
11.7%
2,589
30,898
34,264
3,371
10.9%
1,252
38,408
37,927
-481
-1.3%
1,163
25,147
26,600
1,453
5.8%
527
68,763
165,376
1,164,264
80,239
173,209
1,228,389
11,471
7,833
64,130
16.7%
4.7%
5.5%
2,198
3,314
33,798
Source: State Departments of Labor
Delaware does not maintain projections for 25-2023 – Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School and 25-2032 – Vocational
Education Teachers, Secondary School.
Maryland does not maintain projections for 25-2021 – Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education.
West Virginia does not maintain projections for 25-2053 – Special Education Teachers, Middle School; 25-3999 – Teachers and
Instructors, All; and 25-2023 – Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School.
PENNSYLVANIA EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
In Pennsylvania, growth across teaching occupations is also much lower than the national
figures. Many of the occupations show negative growth through 2020. However, preschool
teachers and self-enrichment education teachers report higher than average growth. Again,
this may be due to the fact that Pennsylvania’s data are from 2010, while the national
figures are up to date as of 2012.
Figure 2.4: Pennsylvania Employment Projections, 2010-2020
SOC
TITLE
2010
2020
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
00-0000
All Occupations
Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
Education
Middle School Teachers, Except Special &
Vocational Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle
School
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special
& Vocational Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Kindergarten, & Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, & GED
Teachers & Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Total
5,983,460
6,363,730
43,910
6.4%
AVERAGE ANNUAL
OPENINGS
185,472
14,100
15,570
1,470
10.4%
514
6,390
6,630
240
3.8%
190
57,570
59,110
1,540
2.7%
1,420
27,490
28,300
810
2.9%
685
550
530
-20
-3.6%
12
49,730
46,790
-2,940
-5.9%
1,360
4,600
4,080
-520
-11.3%
126
9,450
10,030
580
6.1%
337
4,330
4,570
240
5.5%
152
6,920
6,510
-410
-5.9%
204
2,630
2,740
110
4.2%
51
11,590
14,480
209,830
12,470
14,940
212,270
880
460
2,440
7.6%
3.2%
1.2%
265
268
5,584
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
Source: Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry.
In this section of the report, Hanover Research profiles bachelor’s in education programs at
institutions in Pennsylvania. Hanover focuses on programs with the following
characteristics:
Programs that are geographically close to Clarion University of Pennsylvania,
Programs that are focused on a transfer student population, and/or
Programs that focus on a high-growth specialization,
Programs that focus on a specialization which is broadly popular and particularly
popular for male students,
Programs that are offered online.
DREXEL UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Bachelor of Science in Education
Drexel University Online
120, students may transfer up to 90
PK-4 Elementary Education
At least 2.5 years, part-time
Yes; Elementary Education Certification
$440 per credit (discounted from $732 per credit)
Yes
190 hours of in-school, pre-student teaching activities, 12
weeks of full-day student teaching
Designed for transfer students
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Drexel University
15
Drexel University offers an online bachelor of science in education for students who have
already completed some college credits. The program offers courses part-time and lasts 10
terms or 2.5 years. Students may take longer to complete the program, dependent on
transfer credits into the program. However, enrollment is only offered part-time.16
Students can obtain a teaching certification for elementary education. The program is
approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students must take the PECT and
PAPA exams, and those who complete the program are recommended for PK-4 certification.
The certification can also be transitioned to those from other states in some instances. 17 In
15
[1] “Bachelor of Science in Education Frequently Asked Questions.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/onlinedegrees/education-degrees/bs-ed/faq.aspx#Anchor-Wha-26108\
[2] “Bachelor of Science in Education Tuition.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/educationdegrees/bs-ed/tuition.aspx
16
“Bachelor of Science in Education.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/education-degrees/bsed/index.aspx
17
Ibid.
order to obtain the teacher certification, students must complete 12 consecutive weeks of
full-day student teaching and 190 hours of in-school, pre-student teaching activities that are
embedded in pedagogical courses. 18 These Field Experiences are formal school and
community activities that take place in a “collaborative, educational setting” and are
required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education for certification.19
Students in the program are eligible for financial aid including federal grants and loans, state
grants, and Drexel loans. 20 Although the program offers educational certification for
Pennsylvania, students do not need to be located in Pennsylvania to complete the program.
Drexel works with those students who live outside of the Philadelphia area to find suitable
field placements.21
MILITARY FRIENDLY UNIVERSITY
Note that Drexel University also serves the military and veteran community. There is no cap
on the number of veterans who can enroll through the Yellow Ribbon Post-9/11 GI Bill.
Military personnel, veterans, and their immediate families are also eligible for a 10 to 30
percent tuition reduction. Drexel also offers credit for military experience or classes that
have been evaluated for college equivalency by the American Council on Education. Drexel’s
online course offerings are flexible for military personnel and veterans.22
CURRICULUM
The program consists of a minimum of 180.5 quarter credits including:
Content courses - 65.5 quarter credits
Pedagogy courses - 89.5 quarter credits, and
Free electives - 26 quarter credits
Altogether, this is equal to 120 semester hours. Students take pedagogy courses in a
sequence and are free to choose content and elective courses at their discretion. Students
join the sequence at whatever level they have completed previous college coursework.
Course offerings can be found in the figures below.
18
Ibid.
“Bachelor of Science in Education Frequently Asked Questions,” Op. cit.
20
Ibid.
21
Ibid.
22
“Online Degrees: Military-Friendly University.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/prospectivestudents/military.aspx
19
Figure 3.1: Drexel University Content Course Requirements
CONTENT COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Principles of Communication
Expository Writing and Reading
Persuasive Writing and Reading
Analytical Writing and Reading
The History of Philadelphia
Introduction to Music
Introduction to Nutrition & Food
Sociology of Education I
Literature Elective
General Biology I
General Biology II
General Chemistry I
Principles of Microeconomics
Environmental Science and Society
Mathematical Analysis I
Mathematical Analysis II
Mathematical Analysis III
Applied Physics
General Psychology I
Educational Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
23
Source: Drexel University
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4 credits
4 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
Figure 3.2: Drexel University Content Course Requirements
PEDAGOGY COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Foundations in Education I: A Historical and Philosophical Perspective
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar I
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar II
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar III
Science Teaching Methods
Child Development I: Typical Development
Child Development II: Atypical Development
Special Education Foundations: Referral and Assessment
Sophomore Pedagogy Seminar
Early Language Development
Diversity and Today's Teacher
Math Methods and Content: Early Childhood
Math: Methods & Content
Early Literacy I
Inclusionary Practices for Exceptional Students
Literacy and Content Skill Development
Instructing English Language Learners
Junior Pedagogy Seminar
23
3 credits
1 credits
1 credits
1 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4.5 credits
1 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4.5 credits
4.5 credits
3 credits
1 credits
“Bachelor of Science in Education Curriculum.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/educationdegrees/bs-ed/curriculum.aspx
PEDAGOGY COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Assessment of Young Children I
Assessment of Young Children II
Current Research in Curriculum & Instruction
Multimedia in Instructional Design
Language Arts Processes
Engaging the Learner
Early Literacy II
Expressive Arts for PK-4
Social Studies Teaching Methods
Senior Pedagogy Seminar
Student Teaching
Family and Community Partnerships
24
Source: Drexel University
3 credits
4 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
1 credits
9 credits
3 credits
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Bachelor of Science in Special Education
Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and
Special Education in the College of Education
121
Special Education
Four years
Yes, Pennsylvania Instructional I Certificate in Teaching the
Mentally and/or Physically Handicapped
$670 per credit / $1,194 per credit lower division
$725 per credit / $1,255 per credit upper division
No
80 hours of field experience with two disability areas
Optional combined master’s program
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Penn State University
25
The Special Education program is housed in the Department of Educational Psychology,
Counseling, and Special Education in the College of Education at Penn State. Upon
completion of the program, students become eligible for the Pennsylvania Instructional I
Certificate in Teaching the Mentally and/or Physically Handicapped. The program cites four
mission statements as its goals:26
24
To have a positive influence on the inclusion of persons who are culturally,
physically or intellectually diverse in the mainstream of American life,
To provide national leadership in the development and sharing of new knowledge in
special education,
Ibid.
“University Park, Hershey, Dickinson, and Great Valley Tuition.” Penn State University.
http://tuition.psu.edu/tuitiondynamic/rates.aspx?location=up
26
Quoted from source. “Program Mission Statement.” Penn State University. http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/specialeducation/program-mission
25
To develop the next generation of college and university faculty in special
education, and
To develop teachers who can apply the current knowledge of effective practices in
special education.
In addition to the bachelor’s program, there is also a combined bachelor’s and master’s
program focused on special education. The bachelor’s program has the following
requirements:27
Eighty hours of experience with children with disabilities. Hours must be completed
with two different settings serving two different levels of disability. Ideally, this
should be in the classroom.
Pass the Praxis 1 (Reading, Writing, and Math) examinations.
Complete required coursework.
Maintain a 3.0 GPA as required by the College of Education and the Pennsylvania
Department of Education.
During the first four semesters of the program, students complete general education
requirements. Program checklist courses are required, as well as special education courses.
The special education course offerings are provided in the figure below.
Figure 3.3: Penn State University Special Education Coursework
SPECIAL EDUCATION COURSEWORK
Fundamentals of Reading Instruction in Special Education
Independent Studies (1-18)
(3)
Teaching and Assessing Reading Skills of Students with
Special Topics (1-9)
Special Needs (3)
Autism and Related Disorders (3)
Specialized Reading Applications in Special Education (3)
Special Topics (1-9)
Autism: Issues and Concerns (1)
Observing in Exceptional Settings (3)
Autism and Applied Behavior Analysis (4)
Teaching Exceptional Students in General Education Settings
Communication and Social Competence (3)
(3)
Motivating Exceptional Learners (4)
Assessment and Curriculum (3)
Human Rights: Historical and Current Issues in Special
Asperger Syndrome (1)
Education (3)
Working with Families and Professionals in Special
Experience with Exceptional Children (3)
Education (3)
Fundamental Literacy Skills for Students with Special Needs
Practicum in Special Education (15)
(3)
Writing and Content Literacy for Students with Special
Experience with an Integrated Inclusion Classroom (4)
Needs (3)
Mathematics Instruction for Students with Special Needs (3)
Independent Studies (1-18)
Intervention for Students with Severe Disabilities (3)
Special Topics (1-9)
27
“Frequently Asked Questions.” Penn State University. http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/specialeducation/programs/bachelors-of-science/frequently-asked-questions
SPECIAL EDUCATION COURSEWORK
Foundations of Inclusive : Legal, Etiology, Collaboration,
Instruction for Students with Mild Disabilities (4)
and Assessment (3)
Creating and Maintaining a Positive General Education
Early Special Education (3-4)
Classroom (3)
Technologies for Persons with Disabilities (2)
Special Topics (1-9)
Orientation to Human Variation and Special Education
Students with Autism in Inclusive Settings: Practical
Services (3)
Applications (1)
Foundational Skills for Working with Students with Special
Extended Applications for Tutoring in Reading, Math and
Education Needs in General Education Classrooms (1)
Progress Monitoring (3)
Evidenced-Based Methods for Monitoring Student Progress
Comprehension Strategies, Motivation and Monitoring
and Making Instructional Decisions (2)
Progress (3)
Evidence-Based Practices for Inclusive Behavior
Instructional Design and Delivery in Reading and Math (3)
Management (2)
Effective and Explicit Instruction for Students with Learning
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Difficulties (2)
Spelling and Writing I (3)
434A Evidence-Based Practices for Inclusive Elementary
Foundational Skills for Working with Students with Special
Classrooms (2)
Education Needs in General Education Classrooms (1)
Evidenced-Based Practices for Inclusive Secondary
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Classrooms (2)
Spelling and Writing I (3)
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Inclusive Education and Assessment (6)
Spelling and Writing II (3)
Assessment for Instruction (4)
Students with Autism in Inclusive Settings (2)
Source: Penn State University
28
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specializations
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Boston University
28
Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education
School of Education
128-162 (depending on concentration)
History, History with Special Education, History with Teaching of English as
a Second Language, Political Science, Political Science with Special
Education, Political Science with Teaching of English as a Second Language.
Four years
Yes, licensure in Elementary Education
$45,686 per year
No
Yes, integrated with courses
Six available concentrations in history and political science fields.
29
“Undergraduate Level Coursework Special Education (SPLED).” Penn State University.
http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/special-education/programs/bachelors-of-science/undergraduate-levelcoursework
29
[1] “Tuition & Fees.” Boston University. http://www.bu.edu/admissions/apply/costs-aid-scholarships/tuition-and-fees/
[2] “B.S. in Social Studies Education.” Boston University. http://www.bu.edu/academics/sed/programs/socialstudies-education/bs/
Boston University’s social studies education program prepares graduates to be “classroom
teachers, museum educators, developers of learning materials, social education curriculum
specialists, and youth service educators.”30
Students who complete the program are eligible to gain licensure in Elementary Education
in Massachusetts. Licenses also include a specialty in History and Political Science/Political
Philosophy.31
The program involves field work via the “professional studies” component of the
curriculum, which integrates field-based activities with on-campus courses. The
undergraduate program culminates in a student-teaching experience. There are six program
concentrations, shown below.32
Figure 3.4: Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education Options
HISTORY CONCENTRATION OPTIONS
Concentration options in History at the School of
Education include History on its own, or combined
with either Special Education (Moderate) 5–12 or
Teaching English as a Second Language.
History (Total Credits: 128)
History with Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
(Total Credits: 154)
History with Teaching of English as a Second Language
(Total Credits: 156)
POLITICAL SCIENCE CONCENTRATION OPTIONS
Concentration options in Political Science at the School
of Education include Political Science on its own, or
combined with either Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
or Teaching English as a Second Language.
Political Science (Total Credits: 128)
Political Science with Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
(Total Credits: 162)
Political Science with Teaching of English as a Second
Language (Total Credits: 152)
Source: Boston University
One example of program curriculum, for the History with Teaching of English as a Second
Language concentration, is outlined in the figure below.
Figure 3.5: Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education Curriculum
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION:
HISTORY WITH TEACHING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TOTAL CREDITS: 156)
Distribution Requirements (44)
Writing Seminar (4)
Writing and Research Seminar (4)
Two courses in CAS Humanities (8)
World Regional Geography (4)
MA (Exempt with score of 580 or above on SAT or 23 or above on ACT) (4)
Lab Science (4)
Natural Science or Lab Science (4)
Two electives (8)
History Subject-Specific Requirements (48)
World History I and II (8)
Emergence of the United States to 1865 (4)
30
“B.S. in Social Studies Education,” Op. cit.
Ibid.
32
Ibid.
31
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION:
HISTORY WITH TEACHING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TOTAL CREDITS: 156)
The United States Since 1865 (4)
The Historian’s Craft (4)
Economic History of the United States or Intro to Macroeconomics (4)
Course focused on Asia, Latin America, or Africa (4)
190 or 200-, 300- or higher level courses (HI 190 preferred) (4)
Two 400- or 500-level colloquia (8)
CAS PH 270 or 271 or HI 203, 302, 448, or 456 (4)
Introduction to American Politics (4)
Professional Studies (64)
Introduction to Education (6)
Special Education and Adolescents (2)
Introduction to Adolescent Development (2)
Pre-Practicum (2)
Teaching of Reading (4)
Reading and Writing Assessment (2)
Social and Civic Context of Education (4)
Teaching English Language Learners in Middle/High Schools (4)
History Methods (4)
Developing Historical Literacy (4)
History Laboratory (2) or Project Citizen: Promoting Civic Engagement (2)
Classroom Management (2)
Practicum (5–8 or 8–12) (8)
Literacy Development for Bilingual Students (4)
Language Acquisition (4)
Methods in Teaching English as a Second Language (4)
Half Practicum in Teaching English as a Second Language 5–12 (4)
Student Teaching Seminar (2)
Foreign Language Requirement
Source: Boston University
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Ashford University
33
Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education
College of Education
125
Physical Education
Four years
Qualifies students for both elementary and secondary physical
education endorsements
$420.00 per credit hour (online), $77,010 total
Yes
No, practicum courses
Program can qualify students for elementary, middle, or
secondary school licensure
33
[1] “Tuition and Fees.” Ashford University. http://www.ashford.edu/admissions/online_tuition_fees.htm
Ashford University’s physical education program prepares students to teach physical
education at the elementary, middle school, and secondary school levels. There is no field
work requirement, although there are a number of practicum courses that must be
completed. The program is also aligned to National Association for Sport and Physical
Education (NASPE) K-12 standards. Graduates from the program will be equipped to:34
Identify physical education content and disciplinary concepts related to the
development of a physically educated person,
Demonstrate how individuals learn and develop by providing opportunities that
support their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development,
Apply knowledge of how individuals differ in their approaches to learning, by
creating appropriate instruction adapted to these differences,
Use an understanding of individual and group motivation and behavior to create a
safe learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active
engagement in learning, and self-motivation,
Use knowledge of effective verbal, nonverbal, and media communication
techniques to enhance learning and engagement in physical activity settings,
Use assessment to foster physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of
students in physical activity,
Evaluate the effects of their actions on others (e.g., students, parents/guardians,
fellow professionals) and seek opportunities to grow professionally,
Use information technology to enhance learning and to enhance personal and
professional productivity, and
Foster relationships with colleagues, parents/guardians, and community agencies to
support students' growth and well-being.
Financial aid, including private loans, federal loans, and grants, is available for the
program.35 The program curriculum is provided in the figure below.
Figure 3.6: Ashford University Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education Curriculum
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
Physical Education Major Requirements (47 credits):
Introduction to Education (Elementary and Secondary) & Field Experience (1 credit)
Educational Psychology (3 credits)
Foundation of American Education (2 credits)
Principles of Education (Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary) & Field Experience II (2 credits)
Integrating Technology in the Classroom (2 credits)
Human Relations Skills for Educators (1 credit)
Child & Adolescent Development (3 credits)
[2] “BA Physical Education.” Ashford University. http://www.ashford.edu/degrees/campus/ba-physicaleducation.htm
34
Quoted from source. “BA Physical Education,” Op. cit.
35
“Ashford University Program Disclosures.” Ashford University.
http://www.ashford.edu/static/programdisclosures/?p=iape#iape
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
Survey of Exceptional Students (3 credits)
Behavior Management in the Classroom (3 credits)
Reading in Secondary Education Content Areas (3 credits)
Specific Methods in Elementary PE (3 credits)
Practicum in Elementary PE (1 credit)
Specific Methods in Secondary PE (3 credits)
Practicum in Secondary PE (1 credit)
Student Teaching Elementary PE (8 credits)
Student Teaching Secondary PE (7 credits)
Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
Additional Endorsement Requirements (29 credits):
Personal Health & Wellness (2 credits)
Foundation of Movement & Motor Activities (3 credits)
Human Biology (4 credits)
Prevention & Care of Athletic Injuries (2 credits)
Individual & Team Sports Skills (3 credits)
Applied Kinesiology & Biomechanics (3 credits)
Curriculum & Administration of Physical Education (3 credits)
Adapted Physical Education (3 credits)
PED Sport Skills Courses (6 credits):
Activity: 1 credit each (6 distinct total courses)
Source: Ashford University
36
36
“BA Physical Education,” Op. cit.
Figure A.1: National Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0203 Indian/Native American Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0301 Curriculum and Instruction
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.0402 Administration of Special Education
13.0403 Adult and Continuing Education Administration
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.0407 Community College Education
13.0408 Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship
13.0409 Secondary School Administration/Principalship
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.0601 Educational Evaluation and Research
13.0607 Learning Sciences
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments
Including Deafness
13.1004 Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
2008
2,798
178
3
0
1
28
11
39
0
0
4
81
2
54
3
10
6,962
2009
2,950
393
1
7
14
93
7
43
0
0
0
0
76
3
53
0
2
0
7,134
2010
3,066
415
3
9
0
0
0
9
29
12
0
68
1
58
0
5
0
0
7,377
2011
3,425
431
5
6
4
11
14
2
4
42
8
0
72
1
42
0
0
3
2
15
7,515
2012
3,541
415
0
0
0
22
0
10
41
8
83
1
30
0
0
8
2
29
8,073
CAGR
6.1%
23.6%
---116.6%
---2.4%
1.3%
----0.6%
-15.9%
-13.7%
----30.5%
3.8%
AAC
185.8
59.3
---5.3
---0.3
0.5
----0.5
-0.3
-6.0
----4.8
277.8
STDEV
101.1
91.1
---11.1
--4.5
9.8
----7.5
1.1
8.4
----10.4
166.2
138
146
123
124
143
0.9%
1.3
15.4
132
183
145
180
160
221
144
206
0
154
191
-3.9%
1.1%
-5.5
2.0
-12.5
23.0
CIP
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language
Impairments
13.1013 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Autism
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special
Education Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School
Special Education Programs
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education
Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
2008
116
2009
78
2010
121
2011
155
2012
176
CAGR
11.0%
AAC
15.0
STDEV
31.6
58
52
50
63
61
1.3%
0.8
7.3
20
19
24
17
23
3.6%
0.8
5.2
375
374
318
324
333
-2.9%
-10.5
26.5
260
270
215
206
273
1.2%
3.3
43.7
2
12
1
18
1
19
4
---
---
---
72
111
105
166
236
34.6%
41.0
29.4
-
-
94
111
159
--
--
--
-
-
0
0
2
--
--
--
-
-
13
14
12
--
--
--
400
43,410
2,747
4,564
2,197
9,521
455
1,489
435
2,898
143
1,778
401
818
373
42,628
2,706
4,495
2,202
9,765
499
1,546
418
2,759
153
1,764
375
686
331
41,649
2,645
4,241
1,955
10,186
528
1,529
402
2,674
136
1,678
379
556
333
41,288
2,857
4,203
2,156
11,287
556
1,519
361
2,873
147
1,680
340
553
446
40,387
2,958
4,474
2,149
12,162
655
1,464
346
2,984
112
1,591
369
488
2.8%
-1.8%
1.9%
-0.5%
-0.6%
6.3%
9.5%
-0.4%
-5.6%
0.7%
-5.9%
-2.7%
-2.1%
-12.1%
11.5
-755.8
52.8
-22.5
-12.0
660.3
50.0
-6.3
-22.3
21.5
-7.8
-46.8
-8.0
-82.5
60.7
238.5
111.1
188.5
158.8
343.1
29.0
40.3
10.8
138.4
19.3
41.2
26.4
53.2
CIP
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher
Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1334 School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject
Areas, Other
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language
Instructor
13.1402 Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
27
37
27
33
31
3.5%
1.0
7.7
2,144
3,429
9,521
117
754
630
2,308
253
1,248
23
482
78
153
61
21
8
994
48
546
57
15
4
7
10
-
2,111
3,717
9,664
126
739
617
2,140
263
1,168
6
387
68
181
72
15
8
936
53
553
58
14
4
1
13
-
2,252
3,951
9,277
133
740
645
2,050
251
1,115
15
429
71
191
68
14
12
872
38
532
65
11
2
2
12
26
0
2,249
4,017
9,168
148
796
660
2,148
267
1,021
3
423
84
170
58
18
9
882
44
545
58
2
6
2
15
32
1
2,438
3,913
9,047
124
830
612
2,143
304
853
4
478
99
156
72
23
7
822
62
545
44
8
6
8
13
36
1
3.3%
3.4%
-1.3%
1.5%
2.4%
-0.7%
-1.8%
4.7%
-9.1%
-35.4%
-0.2%
6.1%
0.5%
4.2%
2.3%
-3.3%
-4.6%
6.6%
0.0%
-6.3%
-14.5%
10.7%
3.4%
6.8%
---
73.5
121.0
-118.5
1.8
19.0
-4.5
-41.3
12.8
-98.8
-4.8
-1.0
5.3
0.8
2.8
0.5
-0.3
-43.0
3.5
-0.3
-3.3
-1.8
0.5
0.3
0.8
---
93.7
153.5
187.5
15.2
27.7
29.2
98.9
17.5
42.6
10.3
58.8
9.9
19.5
10.0
4.4
2.7
30.7
11.8
12.8
7.9
5.4
2.2
4.3
2.3
---
540
516
459
413
384
-8.2%
-39.0
13.2
317
384
344
313
353
2.7%
9.0
45.6
-
-
-
-
1
--
--
--
CIP
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1501 Teacher Assistant/Aide
13.1599 Teaching Assistants/Aides, Other
13.9999 Education, Other
Grand Total
2008
0
0
1,918
108,497
2009
1,420
107,793
2010
1
1
1,450
106,454
2011
8
0
1,675
108,572
2012
36
0
2,012
110,099
CAGR
---1.2%
0.4%
AAC
---23.5
400.5
STDEV
---320.5
1,454.7
2011
660
20
1
3
0
42
37
1
3
3
12
2,484
2012
726
16
0
0
0
41
40
0
1
8
1
10
2,438
CAGR
6.3%
-1.5%
---1.9%
-3.4%
------1.5%
AAC
39.5
-0.3
---0.8
-1.5
------39.0
STDEV
74.6
10.2
---9.9
11.2
-----173.2
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Figure A.2: Regional Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including
Deafness
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
2008
568
17
13
38
46
2
2,594
2009
710
3
0
43
56
1
1
2,534
2010
648
17
0
0
29
36
1
1
5
2,753
24
23
24
27
22
-2.2%
-0.5
3.0
2
0
21
2
0
15
2
0
15
3
0
65
3
0
81
10.7%
-40.1%
0.3
-15.0
0.4
-21.7
--
--
--
3.0%
0.3
1.8
1
8
10
9
11
9
CIP
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education
Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special
Education Programs
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education
Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1101 Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1207 Montessori Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1299 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and
Methods, Other
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher
Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
2008
86
197
2009
106
201
2010
89
162
2011
96
138
2012
97
175
CAGR
3.1%
-2.9%
AAC
2.8
-5.5
STDEV
13.3
29.0
19
32
42
91
143
65.6%
31.0
19.6
-
-
74
81
104
--
--
--
-
-
0
0
2
--
--
--
-
-
12
11
10
--
--
--
171
22
8,465
1,031
1,167
360
158
26
8,230
943
1,070
331
922
1,936
883
1,887
139
25
8,011
790
960
449
3
759
1,951
152
15
8,006
767
1,060
468
11
874
1,938
222
20
7,877
805
1,158
427
4
892
2,185
6.7%
-2.4%
-1.8%
-6.0%
-0.2%
4.4%
--0.8%
3.1%
12.8
-0.5
-147.0
-56.5
-2.3
16.8
--7.5
62.3
35.2
5.9
91.4
71.3
101.4
62.6
-86.9
114.2
135
131
93
117
75
-13.7%
-15.0
26.9
57
418
41
667
75
386
49
138
47
428
56
660
87
406
64
135
49
470
46
601
80
422
51
112
60
478
36
655
72
491
47
109
69
415
30
710
64
404
35
104
4.9%
-0.2%
-7.5%
1.6%
-3.9%
1.1%
-8.1%
-6.8%
3.0
-0.8
-2.8
10.8
-2.8
4.5
-3.5
-8.5
8.2
38.4
10.4
47.5
8.5
56.8
11.2
8.4
2
11
7
6
15
65.5%
3.3
5.8
582
913
584
1,187
586
1,225
534
1,242
625
1,181
1.8%
6.6%
10.8
67.0
51.3
125.1
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas,
Other
13.9999 Education, Other
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
31.0601 Outdoor Education
39.0401 Religious Education
Grand Total
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
2008
1,896
121
9
866
58
19
149
20
35
18
6
80
14
122
2
1
0
1
-
2009
1,738
110
14
808
55
24
86
12
32
24
2
66
17
131
1
8
4
-
2010
1,651
117
12
713
62
22
86
21
40
18
0
1
103
12
138
1
2
1
5
3
0
2011
1,718
0
113
13
742
64
19
90
23
24
22
2
77
18
143
1
4
5
9
-
2012
1,700
142
18
713
78
18
1
107
27
22
24
1
77
25
140
0
0
1
10
-
CAGR
-2.7%
-4.1%
18.9%
-4.7%
7.7%
-1.3%
--7.9%
7.8%
-11.0%
7.5%
-36.1%
--1.0%
15.6%
3.5%
---0.0%
---
AAC
-49.0
-5.3
2.3
-38.3
5.0
-0.3
--10.5
1.8
-3.3
1.5
-1.3
--0.8
2.8
4.5
---0.0
---
STDEV
83.3
-15.1
2.9
45.3
6.3
3.1
-31.0
6.2
8.5
4.6
2.2
-23.7
4.7
4.6
---3.2
---
101
103
101
81
57
-13.3%
-11.0
11.2
860
872
284
170
26,877
757
947
275
149
26,424
661
922
215
1
156
25,812
663
896
230
125
26,009
634
966
285
174
26,464
-7.3%
2.6%
0.1%
-0.6%
-0.4%
-56.5
23.5
0.3
-1.0
-103.3
44.4
49.0
41.6
-31.0
442.4
Figure A.3: Pennsylvania Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0403 Adult and Continuing Education Administration
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including
Deafness
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language
Impairments
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education
Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special
Education Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
2008
101
11
693
2009
90
7
714
2010
68
0
9
5
678
2011
66
1
1
3
3
658
2012
102
0
0
10
8
717
CAGR
0.2%
---2.4%
-0.9%
AAC
0.3
---0.3
-6.0
STDEV
21.8
--5.1
-37.0
13
9
7
9
11
-4.1%
-0.5
2.6
2
2
2
3
3
10.7%
0.3
0.4
1
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
8
10
9
11
9
3.0%
0.3
1.8
9
20
15
-
-
--
--
--
2
1
7
56
91
159.7%
22.3
20.5
-
-
24
18
16
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
1
--
--
--
62
4,108
275
110
242
77
3,989
282
99
255
69
12
96
89
16
95
45
3,940
0
258
115
302
8
92
15
85
72
3,938
1
286
106
270
4
104
9
93
100
3,934
10
280
119
395
12
75
3
103
12.7%
-1.1%
-0.5%
2.0%
13.0%
-2.1%
-29.3%
1.8%
9.5
-43.5
-1.3
2.3
38.3
-1.5
-2.3
1.8
24.5
47.5
-19.0
12.3
57.4
-18.6
4.1
7.9
CIP
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject
Areas, Other
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language
Instructor
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.9999 Education, Other
Grand Total
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
37
Ibid.
37
2008
29
27
17
76
178
104
14
6
99
10
12
5
6
0
1
14
2
11
0
-
2009
32
20
21
64
184
118
11
5
91
14
7
3
6
1
0
13
5
15
1
1
-
2010
31
12
22
61
199
134
16
3
105
13
6
5
8
1
0
13
2
6
0
0
0
2011
27
3
13
48
192
150
18
5
116
6
10
0
5
5
0
7
3
5
1
1
-
2012
26
14
14
54
172
134
12
8
111
4
4
1
11
3
11
0
0
13
2
13
0
-
CAGR
-2.7%
-15.1%
-4.7%
-8.2%
-0.9%
6.5%
-3.8%
7.5%
2.9%
--20.5%
--2.2%
-12.0%
16.4%
---1.8%
0.0%
4.3%
----
AAC
-0.8
-3.3
-0.8
-5.5
-1.5
7.5
-0.5
0.5
3.0
--1.5
--0.3
-0.5
1.3
---0.3
0.0
0.5
----
STDEV
2.5
8.3
4.9
7.7
13.2
13.6
4.3
2.1
9.6
-3.9
-3.3
3.2
3.3
--4.3
2.2
6.3
----
40
54
58
44
47
4.1%
1.8
10.1
0
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
58
6,523
53
6,474
1
60
6,440
0
46
6,417
51
6,704
--3.2%
0.7%
--1.8
45.3
-8.4
139.9
Figure A.4: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, National
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
TOTAL
538,272
245
5,405
46,677
4,506
10,789
50
1,338
94
3,164
51
16
2
237
22
284
155
400
1,962
19,027
2,693
21,977
39
3,859
91
380
2,199
11,194
8,491
45
63
TOTAL MALE
109,510
162
3,493
27,232
2,573
6,097
28
739
49
1,647
26
8
1
109
10
125
66
169
801
7,753
1,081
8,781
15
1,449
33
136
779
3,704
2,781
14
19
PERCENTAGE MALE
20.3%
66.1%
64.6%
58.3%
57.1%
56.5%
56.0%
55.2%
52.1%
52.1%
51.0%
50.0%
50.0%
46.0%
45.5%
44.0%
42.6%
42.3%
40.8%
40.7%
40.1%
40.0%
38.5%
37.5%
36.3%
35.8%
35.4%
33.1%
32.8%
31.1%
30.2%
CIP
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.0203 Indian/Native American Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0408 Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0101 Education, General
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1334 School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.0301 Curriculum and Instruction
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1013 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Autism
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
TOTAL
282
22
2,312
4
4
8,475
13,913
14,188
1,711
2,721
194
15,780
135
7,547
20
735
691
54
331
851
8
28
37,061
981
1,724
209,362
1,883
48
364
51
103
646
TOTAL MALE
85
6
590
1
1
2,006
3,147
2,936
314
482
34
2,760
23
1,212
3
110
103
8
49
119
1
3
3,848
101
164
18,880
159
4
29
4
8
45
PERCENTAGE MALE
30.1%
27.3%
25.5%
25.0%
25.0%
23.7%
22.6%
20.7%
18.4%
17.7%
17.5%
17.5%
17.0%
16.1%
15.0%
15.0%
14.9%
14.8%
14.8%
14.0%
12.5%
10.7%
10.4%
10.3%
9.5%
9.0%
8.4%
8.3%
8.0%
7.8%
7.8%
7.0%
CIP
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0402 Administration of Special Education
13.0601 Educational Evaluation and Research
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education
Programs
13.1402 Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language
TOTAL
648
690
1,832
674
44
52,921
1,224
10,659
1,864
12
2
3
6
6
TOTAL MALE
37
37
91
32
2
1,819
36
291
50
0
0
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
5.7%
5.4%
5.0%
4.7%
4.5%
3.4%
2.9%
2.7%
2.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2
0
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Figure A.5: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, Regional
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
TOTAL
TOTAL MALE
PERCENTAGE MALE
130,973
29,273
22.4%
598
6
86
8,703
4,603
102
66
3,842
317
488
4
57
5,308
2,757
61
39
2,211
178
81.6%
66.7%
66.3%
61.0%
59.9%
59.8%
59.1%
57.5%
56.2%
CIP
39.0401 Religious Education
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1101 Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services
13.0101 Education, General
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
TOTAL
774
1289
22
16
603
403
103
41
209
215
5,415
5
33
11
5,748
2,911
2109
518
282
4,336
9
3,293
2035
108
3312
443
11
73
193
378
3575
2209
TOTAL MALE
411
672
11
8
299
198
48
17
86
87
2,191
2
13
4
2,074
1,030
703
167
78
1,099
2
716
411
21
641
83
2
13
34
58
541
328
PERCENTAGE MALE
53.1%
52.1%
50.0%
50.0%
49.6%
49.1%
46.6%
41.5%
41.1%
40.5%
40.5%
40.0%
39.4%
36.4%
36.1%
35.4%
33.3%
32.2%
27.7%
25.3%
22.2%
21.7%
20.2%
19.4%
19.4%
18.7%
18.2%
17.8%
17.6%
15.3%
15.1%
14.8%
CIP
13.1299 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods, Other
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education Programs
13.1207 Montessori Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
TOTAL
551
106
674
153
40,589
12,803
197
22
47
12
474
259
842
9897
327
120
246
4330
873
1
3
5
1
12
1
2
18
1
TOTAL MALE
76
13
82
17
4,293
1,337
19
2
4
1
35
18
48
491
16
5
8
126
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
13.8%
12.3%
12.2%
11.1%
10.6%
10.4%
9.6%
9.1%
8.5%
8.3%
7.4%
6.9%
5.7%
5.0%
4.9%
4.2%
3.3%
2.9%
2.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Figure A.6: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, Pennsylvania
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
TOTAL
32,517
14
11
47
522
16
60
640
16
4
2
76
27
55
71
1,381
303
925
46
472
24
243
36
427
145
7
50
429
19,909
268
3,460
TOTAL MALE
5,134
10
7
29
311
9
33
337
8
2
1
36
12
24
30
563
117
347
14
118
6
58
8
74
23
1
7
57
2,450
28
323
PERCENTAGE MALE
15.8%
71.4%
63.6%
61.7%
59.6%
56.3%
55.0%
52.7%
50.0%
50.0%
50.0%
47.4%
44.4%
43.6%
42.3%
40.8%
38.6%
37.5%
30.4%
25.0%
25.0%
23.9%
22.2%
17.3%
15.9%
14.3%
14.0%
13.3%
12.3%
10.4%
9.3%
CIP
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health
Impairments
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education
Programs
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
TOTAL
47
49
58
157
44
356
1,464
549
87
1
1
12
TOTAL MALE
4
4
4
9
2
15
41
11
1
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
8.5%
8.2%
6.9%
5.7%
4.5%
4.2%
2.8%
2.0%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
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In the following report, Hanover Research assesses the market for a bachelor’s in
education at Clarion University of Pennsylvania by examining degree completions data,
labor market projections, and existing programs in the region.
Executive Summary and Key Findings ............................................................................... 3
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3
Key Findings ...........................................................................................................................3
Section I: Student Demand for Education Programs .......................................................... 5
The Continuing Teacher Shortage .........................................................................................5
Student Demand Methodology .............................................................................................7
National Degree Completions................................................................................................8
Regional Degree Completions .............................................................................................11
Pennsylvania ........................................................................................................................13
Distance Education Programs ..............................................................................................14
Serving Veterans ..................................................................................................................16
Section II: Labor Market Analysis .................................................................................... 17
Employment Projections Methodology ...............................................................................17
National Employment Projections .......................................................................................17
Regional Employment Projections.......................................................................................19
Pennsylvania Employment Projections ...............................................................................20
Section III: Program Profiles ........................................................................................... 21
Drexel University..................................................................................................................21
Military Friendly University .............................................................................................22
Curriculum .......................................................................................................................22
Pennsylvania State University .............................................................................................24
Boston University.................................................................................................................26
Ashford University ...............................................................................................................28
Appendix: Degree Completions Data .............................................................................. 31
INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hanover Research assesses the market for a bachelor's in education at Clarion
University of Pennsylvania. Drawing on historical degree conferral data and long-term labor
market projections, we evaluate trends in student and employer demand for programs
designed to prepare individuals for a career in teaching. This report comprises three main
sections:
Section I: Student Demand for Education Programs evaluates potential student
demand for a program in education by examining recent bachelor’s degree
completions. This section examines degree conferral trends nationwide, as well as
trends in Pennsylvania and bordering states, with an eye towards male students,
transfer students, online students, and veterans/military service personnel.
Section II: Labor Market Analysis considers the employment outlook for teaching
occupations. As with degree conferrals, this section examines trends nationwide, as
well as trends in Pennsylvania and bordering states.
Section III: Competitor Profiles identifies potential competitors by examining
institutions that offer a bachelor’s in education, including regional universities and
programs focused on specific high growth concentrations.
KEY FINDINGS
The most promising concentrations for a bachelor’s in education are early
childhood education, special education, and bilingual and multilingual education.
These majors report growth in degree completion numbers over the last five years
and are also high-demand majors in the state of Pennsylvania, according to the
United States Department of Education.
Majors such as elementary education, physical education, and general education
are also still in high demand. Physical education in particular is a popular choice for
male students. Other concentrations for which teacher shortages currently exist in
Pennsylvania include chemistry, mathematics, and Spanish.
The most popular majors for male students by overall headcount include physical
education, elementary education, and secondary education. Other majors with
high proportions of male students and high compound annual growth rates include
social studies teacher education, technical teacher education, and physics teacher
education.
Employment for teachers is projected to grow in line with the broader economy.
From 2012 to 2022, the number of individuals in teaching positions will increase by
10.1 percent, compared to projected growth of 10.8 percent for all occupations.
Preschool teachers, both special education and non-special education, will increase
at higher rates, between 16 and 17 percent. Growth is projected to be lower in
Pennsylvania but the Pennsylvania labor market data are two years older than the
national data and may not reflect the latest conditions.
An institution can employ a number of practices to attract and support veteran
students. For example, networking opportunities, community building, and policies
specifically for veterans can be helpful. Accommodation for veteran-specific health
and mental health issues, such as peer groups and trained counselors and staff, can
create a welcoming environment for veterans.
The bachelor in education concentrations most commonly offered through
distance education include: elementary education and teaching, early childhood
education and teaching, special education and teaching, general education, and
religious education. In the state of Pennsylvania, Drexel University already operates
an online bachelor’s in education program specifically targeted at the degree
completion market.
Potential competitor programs profiled for this report have the following qualities:
o Programs typically require 120-130 credits, which include general education
requirements, pedagogical coursework, and practical coursework.
o Field experience is generally required, such as student teaching. Special
education programs may also require interaction with students with disabilities
during the program. These experiences are often separate from the practical
coursework.
o Programs do not grant teaching licensure. Rather, they encourage students to
take licensure exams during the program and, upon completion of the degree
and the exams, students will be licensed. This also allows flexibility for students
from out-of-state.
o Some programs, such as the Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social
Studies Education, offer several specializations, such as specific areas of study or
degree paths tailored to special education or teaching English as a second
language.
o Programs appear to translate well to an online format, provided they account
for field work requirements needed for state licensure. Some institutions, such
as Drexel University, work with students for out-of-state field placements.
In this section, Hanover estimates potential student demand for a bachelor's program in
education by examining current trends and analyzing degree completions data obtained
from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).
THE CONTINUING TEACHER SHORTAGE
For over a decade, experts have cited increasing student enrollments, smaller class sizes,
and looming baby boomer teacher retirements as the reasons for a teacher shortage that
has no end in sight.1 However, a number of issues complicate the teacher shortage:2
Many states do not have the budget to attract high numbers of new teachers and
many of the most in-demand areas, such as math and science, require the highest
teacher salaries.
Data on the overall growth in the public school workforce can be misleading, as that
workforce also includes administrators, counselors, librarians, nurses, aides, and
custodians.
Many districts experience high turnover, so the need for teachers is predicated on
retaining them as much or more than attracting them. For example, on average,
about 55 percent of new public school teachers leave their district within five years.
This rate is even higher in low income districts.
Shortages are not evenly distributed. Low income school districts face greater
challenges in attracting and retaining teachers.
The distribution of teachers presents a particularly difficult problem, as it is challenging to
attract teachers to geographic areas or teaching subjects that are viewed as less desirable.
The federal government is attempting to combat this by designating areas with particular
need as “teacher shortage areas.” For individuals who teach in these areas, additional
financial aid programs are available. For instance, federal Perkins Loan borrowers who teach
mathematics, science, foreign languages, bilingual education, or other fields with a
designated shortage can “qualify for cancellation of up to 100 percent of their loan.”3
1
Voke, H. “Chapter 1. Responding to the Teacher Shortage, Keeping Good Teachers.” ASCD.
http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/104138/chapters/Responding-to-the-Teacher-Shortage.aspx
2
Gardner, W. “A Closer Look at the Teacher Shortage.” Education Week. July 18, 2012.
http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/walt_gardners_reality_check/2012/07/a_closer_look_at_the_teacher_shortage
.html
3
“Teacher Shortage Areas Nationwide Listing 1990-1991 through 2014-2015.” U.S. Department of Education Office of
Postsecondary Education. March 2014. P. 1. http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/pol/tsa.pdf
In Pennsylvania, there are numerous high-need areas where the teacher shortage is critical.
According to the Department of Education, the state of Pennsylvania has a current shortage
of teachers in the following subject areas.4
Figure 1.1: Pennsylvania Statewide Teacher Shortage, Academic Areas
2014-2015 STATEWIDE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES
Chemistry
Building Maintenance
English as a Second Language
Business Related
Hearing Impaired (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
Carpentry
Mathematics (Grades 7 -12)
Electronic
Spanish
Health/Dental
Speech and Language Impaired (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
Masonry
Special Education (Pre-Kindergarten – Grade 12)
ROTC
Source: Department of Education
5
The Department of Education also identifies several geographic locations with high need in
Pennsylvania, as depicted in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2: Pennsylvania Statewide Teacher Shortage, Geographic Areas
GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
School Districts
Erie City
Harrisburg City
Keystone Central
Lancaster
Philadelphia City
Reading
Warren County
William Penn School
-
Intermediate Units
Intermediate Unit 3 – Allegheny
Intermediate Unit 8 – Appalachian
Intermediate Unit 9 – Seneca Highland
Intermediate Unit 12 – Lincoln
Intermediate Unit 13 - Lancaster-Lebanon
Intermediate Unit 14 – Berks County
Intermediate Unit 21 - Carbon Lehigh
Intermediate Unit 24 - Chester County
Intermediate Unit 25 – Delaware County
Schools
Antonia Pantoja Community Charter School
Northumberland County Career and Technology Center
Cumberland Perry Area Vocational Technical School
Vista School
Delaware County Technical High School
Walter D. Palmer Leadership Learning
Devereux Leo Kanner Learning Center
Partners Charter School
Easter Seals of Southeastern Pennsylvania
Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
Independence Charter School
Woods Services
Lancaster County Career and Technical Center
Wordsworth Academy
Lehigh Career and Technical Institute
York County School of Technology
Mastery Charter School-Pickett Campus
Source: Department of Education
4
Ibid, 122.
Ibid.
6
Ibid.
5
6
Thus, there are many subjects and districts in need in Clarion University’s geographic area.
The following section details the national and regional demand from students for bachelor’s
degrees in education.
STUDENT DEMAND METHODOLOGY
Hanover Research uses student completions data from the National Center for Education
Statistics (NCES) to analyze current trends in student demand. The NCES uses a taxonomic
system of numeric codes to classify higher education academic programs; these codes are
called the Classification of Instructional Programs, or CIP.7
All higher education institutions nationwide submit degree completions data to the NCES’s
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). These data are classified by CIP
code and academic award level. The completions data analyzed in this report were drawn
from IPEDS.8 In considering these data, it should be noted that institutions classify their
programs independently, meaning that two programs that are identical in all respects could
hypothetically be classified under different CIP codes, which can skew trends.
Year-to-year trends in degree completions are analyzed in terms of Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR), Average Annual Change (AAC), and Standard Deviation (STDEV):
CAGR reflects the percentage growth that would occur each year if the same change
occurred yearly between the first year and the final year. This measure offers an
impression of a theoretical, steady growth rate by ignoring data presented during
the middle years.
AAC is determined by calculating the average numerical year-to-year difference,
allowing for a better gauge of annual fluctuations.
STDEV highlights the variation or “dispersion” that exists from the AAC. It provides a
metric to understand variance between the AAC and the actual year-to-year change.
Utilizing all three metrics allows measurement not only of the magnitude of completions
growth, but also the consistency of growth over time. Note that the three metrics are
calculated only when data for all five years are present, so as not to misrepresent trends.
All data are for the academic year ending in the year indicated in the table. Additionally, a
“-” alone in a cell indicates that no data were reported by any institution for that year, CIP
code, and award level.
Hanover includes all education-related CIP classifications in this report. Note that Hanover
eliminated from the top majors by CAGR figures in this section any CIP classifications that
had:
7
For more information, see “CIP 2010.” Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. National Center for
Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/Default.aspx?y=55
8
“Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System,” Op. cit.
Nationally: Fewer than 50 conferrals in 2012,
Regionally: Fewer than 20 conferrals in 2012, and
Statewide: Fewer than 10 conferrals in 2012.
This is to eliminate CIP classifications that would not lead to a conclusive discussion. A full
list of degree completions can be found in the Appendix of this report.
The completions data below include the education-related CIP classifications with the
highest growth rates and those with the highest headcount. Information is presented at the
national, regional, and state level for the CIP codes of interest. The Appendix includes
completions data for all CIP classifications examined for this report.
The regional data includes completion statistics for Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Hanover also outlines completions data specific
to the state of Pennsylvania.
NATIONAL DEGREE COMPLETIONS
Nationwide conferral data suggest that, overall, student demand for education bachelor’s
degrees has remained essentially flat in recent years. Between 2008 and 2012, bachelor’s
conferrals increased by 0.3 percent across all educational CIP classifications examined for
this report (see Appendix).
Some specific education specializations, however, saw a more rapid increase in bachelor’s
completions over this period, as shown in the following figures, which present the top 10
majors by CAGR and headcount for all students, as well as the top majors by percentage and
overall numbers of male students.
The highest growing CIP classifications across all education-related fields are 13.1015 –
Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs and
13.0201 – Bilingual and Multilingual Education. Note that these majors do not overlap with
the top majors by headcount, which are more standard educational specialties, such as
elementary education, early childhood education, physical education, and special
education. Among the top 10 majors by headcount, 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education
and Teaching and 13.0101 – Education, General are growing fastest.
Figure 1.3: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, National
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in
Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals
with Multiple Disabilities
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
72
111
105
166
236
34.6%
41
29.4
178
393
415
431
415
23.6%
59
91.1
116
78
121
155
176
11.0%
15
31.6
455
48
499
53
528
38
556
44
655
62
9.5%
6.6%
50
4
29.0
11.8
9,521
9,765
10,186
11,287
12,162
6.3%
660
343.1
78
2,798
253
61
68
2,950
263
72
71
3,066
251
68
84
3,425
267
58
99
3,541
304
72
6.1%
6.1%
4.7%
4.2%
5
186
13
3
9.9
101.1
17.5
10.0
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.4: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, National
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching,
General
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher
Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle
School Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
2008
43,410
2009
42,628
2010
41,649
2011
41,288
2012
40,387
CAGR
-1.8%
AAC
-756
STDEV
238.5
9,521
9,765
10,186
11,287
12,162
6.3%
660
343.1
9,521
9,664
9,277
9,168
9,047
-1.3%
-119
187.5
6,962
7,134
7,377
7,515
8,073
3.8%
278
166.2
4,564
3,429
2,798
4,495
3,717
2,950
4,241
3,951
3,066
4,203
4,017
3,425
4,474
3,913
3,541
-0.5%
3.4%
6.1%
-23
121
186
188.5
153.5
101.1
2,898
2,759
2,674
2,873
2,984
0.7%
22
138.4
2,747
2,706
2,645
2,857
2,958
1.9%
53
111.1
2,144
2,111
2,252
2,249
2,438
3.3%
74
93.7
Source: IPEDS
Across all education majors nationally, men made up approximately 20 percent of the
bachelor’s degree completions between 2008 and 2012. Thus, majors in which male
students accounted for over 50 percent of completions can be considered to have a
particularly strong draw for men. Nationally, these include 13.1309 – Technology Teacher
Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, 13.0403 – Adult and Continuing Education
Administration, and 13.1329 – Physics Teacher Education, all of which are
disproportionately male. The highest overall male headcounts are in physical education
teaching, elementary education and teaching, and secondary education and teaching. Note
that 13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching is both the highest number of
males and a highly disproportionately male major, suggesting that it is may be a good choice
for an education major that would appeal to men.
Figure 1.5: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, National
CIP
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
2008-2012
TOTAL
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
CAGR
% MALE
3,101
2,542
-2.4%
82%
245
5,405
46,677
4,506
10,789
50
1,338
94
3,164
162
3,493
27,232
2,573
6,097
28
739
49
1,647
6.6%
-9.1%
-1.3%
-4.6%
-1.8%
-14.5%
4.7%
--0.7%
66%
65%
58%
57%
57%
56%
55%
52%
52%
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.6: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount, National
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008-2012
TOTAL
46,677
209,362
21,977
19,027
10,789
37,061
11,194
5,405
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
27,232
18,880
8,781
7,753
6,097
3,848
3,704
3,493
13,913
14,188
CAGR
% MALE
-1.3%
-1.8%
-0.5%
3.4%
-1.8%
3.8%
3.3%
-9.1%
58%
9%
40%
41%
57%
10%
33%
65%
3,147
1.9%
23%
2,936
0.7%
21%
REGIONAL DEGREE COMPLETIONS
Regionally, the fastest growing major is 13.1015 – Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs. In spite of overall smaller numbers, this major has
expanded from only 19 students in 2008 to 143 in 2012, presenting a CAGR of almost 66
percent. Note that 13.1312 – Music Teacher Education has grown at a rate of 6.6 percent
since 2008 and is a well-established, larger major.
Figure 1.7: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, Regional
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with
Multiple Disabilities
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
19
32
42
91
143
65.6%
31.0
19.6
21
15
15
65
81
40.1%
15.0
21.7
14
20
58
18
171
913
57
360
17
12
55
24
158
1,187
47
331
12
21
62
18
139
1,225
49
449
18
23
64
22
152
1,242
60
468
25
27
78
24
222
1,181
69
427
15.6%
7.8%
7.7%
7.5%
6.7%
6.6%
4.9%
4.4%
2.8
1.8
5.0
1.5
12.8
67.0
3.0
16.8
4.7
6.2
6.3
4.6
35.2
125.1
8.2
62.6
Source: IPEDS
Regional majors with the overall highest headcount are similar to those at the national level.
Among those in the top 10, music teacher education again seems to be a particularly
promising major, as it demonstrates high growth that the others in the top 10 lack.
Figure 1.8: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, Regional
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008
8,465
2,594
1,936
2009
8,230
2,534
1,887
2010
8,011
2,753
1,951
2011
8,006
2,484
1,938
2012
7,877
2,438
2,185
CAGR
-1.8%
-1.5%
3.1%
AAC
-147.0
-39.0
62.3
STDEV
91.4
173.2
114.2
1,896
1,738
1,651
1,718
1,700
-2.7%
-49.0
83.3
913
1,167
1,187
1,070
1,225
960
1,242
1,060
1,181
1,158
6.6%
-0.2%
67.0
-2.3
125.1
101.4
872
947
922
896
966
2.6%
23.5
49.0
922
883
759
874
892
-0.8%
-7.5
86.9
1,031
943
790
767
805
-6.0%
-56.5
71.3
866
808
713
742
713
-4.7%
-38.3
45.3
The most disproportionately male majors in the region are similar to the national figures.
Note that 13.1318 – Social Studies Teacher Education is an established major that reports
58 percent of its degree completions from males.
Figure 1.9: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, Regional
CIP
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
39.0401 Religious Education
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
2008-2012
TOTAL
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
CAGR
% MALE
598
488
-6.8%
81.6%
86
8,703
57
5,308
-3.8%
-3.4%
66.3%
61.0%
4,603
2,757
1.4%
59.9%
102
66
3,842
317
774
1,289
61
39
2,211
178
411
672
3.7%
7.5%
-4.7%
1.7%
-2.1%
-6.7%
59.8%
59.1%
57.5%
56.2%
53.1%
52.1%
Source: IPEDS
Among the top 10 CIP classifications with the highest male headcounts, 13.1312 – Music
Teacher Education major is particularly promising, with a highly-male student population,
high growth, and high overall numbers. Note that Physical Education appears to be
extremely popular among male students, with highly disproportionate male completions
and large overall numbers.
Figure 1.10: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount, Regional
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness,
General
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
Source: IPEDS
2008-2012
TOTAL
8,703
40,589
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
5,308
4,293
4,603
CAGR
% MALE
-3.4%
-1.4%
61.0%
10.6%
2,757
1.4%
59.9%
3,842
5,415
5,748
12,803
2,211
2,191
2,074
1,337
-4.7%
-4.8%
7.6%
1.5%
57.5%
40.5%
36.1%
10.4%
4,336
1,099
-6.4%
25.3%
2,911
3,293
1,030
716
0.2%
-2.6%
35.4%
21.7%
PENNSYLVANIA
The top majors by CAGR in Pennsylvania are altogether less high-growth than the regional
and national counterparts. While 13.1015 – Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs has shown tremendous growth since 2008, it is a
small major overall. Among the top 10, 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education and Teaching
shows both high growth and high overall numbers.
Figure 1.11: Top 10 Majors by CAGR, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early
Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional
Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
2
1
7
56
91
159.7%
22.3
20.5
6
242
62
104
11
6
255
77
118
15
8
302
45
134
6
5
270
72
150
5
11
395
100
134
13
16.4%
13.0%
12.7%
6.5%
4.3%
1.3
38.3
9.5
7.5
0.5
3.3
57.4
24.5
13.6
6.3
40
54
58
44
47
4.1%
1.8
10.1
99
69
91
89
105
92
116
104
111
75
2.9%
2.1%
3.0
1.5
9.6
18.6
110
99
115
106
119
2.0%
2.3
12.3
Source: IPEDS
The top CIP classifications by headcount are similar in Pennsylvania to those nationally and
regionally. However, note that the growth rates among the largest overall majors is small
across the board, apart from 13.1210 – Early Childhood Education and Teaching and
13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching.
Figure 1.12: Top 10 Majors by 2012 Headcount, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching,
General
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and
Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and
Coaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and
Teaching
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher
Education
13.0101 Education, General
Source: IPEDS
2008
4,108
2009
3,989
2010
3,940
2011
3,938
2012
3,934
CAGR
-1.1%
AAC
-43.5
STDEV
47.5
693
714
678
658
717
0.9%
6.0
37.0
242
255
302
270
395
13.0%
38.3
57.4
275
178
282
184
258
199
286
192
280
172
0.5%
-0.9%
1.3
-1.5
19.0
13.2
104
118
134
150
134
6.5%
7.5
13.6
110
99
115
106
119
2.0%
2.3
12.3
99
91
105
116
111
2.9%
3.0
9.6
96
95
85
93
103
1.8%
1.8
7.9
101
90
68
66
102
0.2%
0.3
21.8
The top majors for males, by both percentage and headcount, are similar to the regional
and national figures. Note again that 13.1318 – Social Studies Teacher Education and
13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching are options with high male enrollment
and high overall numbers. CIP 13.1314 – Physical Education Teaching and Coaching also
shows growth compared to other examined areas.
Figure 1.13: Top 10 Male Majors by Percentage, Pennsylvania
CIP
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School
Education and Teaching
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and
Research, Other
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
2008-2012
TOTAL
14
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
10
11
CAGR
% MALE
0.0%
71.4%
7
--
63.6%
47
522
16
60
640
29
311
9
33
337
-20.5%
2.9%
-12.0%
-1.8%
6.5%
61.7%
59.6%
56.3%
55.0%
52.7%
16
8
--
50.0%
4
2
2
1
---
50.0%
50.0%
CAGR
% MALE
-1.1%
0.5%
-0.9%
6.5%
0.9%
2.9%
1.8%
-8.2%
0.2%
12.3%
40.8%
37.5%
52.7%
9.3%
59.6%
25.0%
38.6%
17.3%
4.1%
23.9%
Source: IPEDS
Figure 1.14: Top 10 Male Majors by Overall Headcount
CIP
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional
Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
2008-2012
TOTAL
19,909
1,381
925
640
3,460
522
472
303
427
2008-2012
TOTAL MALE
2,450
563
347
337
323
311
118
117
74
243
58
Source: IPEDS
DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Beginning in 2012, IPEDS lists programs that offer distance education. Note that this does
not signify programs with all-distance enrollments; it merely means that that degree option
is available via distance education. However, this can provide a rough measure of the
commonality of distance education among educational specializations. The figure below
details the number of distance education programs listed per CIP classification nationally.
According to 2012 data, the most common majors to offer distance education programs are
Elementary Education and Teaching, Early Childhood Education and Teaching, Special
Education and Teaching, and Religious Education. These programs may be particularly
popular and/or may translate well to an online format.
Figure 1.15: Distance Education Program Counts, by Major
CIP CLASSIFICATION
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
39.0401 Religious Education
13.9999 Education, Other
13.0101 Education, General
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
51.3817 Nursing Education
Source: IPEDS
NUMBER OF
PROGRAMS
64
27
19
17
16
14
12
8
7
7
6
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SERVING VETERANS
In supporting veterans in pursuing higher education, an important concern is to provide
commitment and support from the leaders of the institution, as a public commitment from
the president or other administrators will have an influence throughout the college or
university. It can also be helpful to provide veterans with resources specific to their needs,
such as program websites, welcome activities, marketing, handbooks, and financial planning
that are specifically geared towards veterans.9
Providing veterans with opportunities to network with one another as well as to voice their
specific concerns can be helpful as well. Accommodations for veteran-specific health and
mental health issues can be very beneficial, with options including creating a mentor group,
having counselors who are trained to assist veterans, and/or making counseling resources
more accessible for veterans.10
In order to accomplish all of this, staff and leadership should be trained in accommodating
veterans’ needs and there should be a distinct set of policies for veterans and deployed
military personnel. Institutions may also consider waiving fees for veterans or offering
unique tuition discounts or scholarships. Serving the needs of the veteran community will
build popularity for a specific institution or program and attract future veteran students.11
9
“Best Practices for Serving the Student Veteran.” CAEL. 2012. P. 1.
http://sunytaaccctpla.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/best-practices-handout-final.pdf
10
Ibid, 2.
11
Ibid.
This section considers the employment outlook for the occupations most commonly
associated with education. We examine national employment projection data, as well as
data for Pennsylvania and the surrounding region gathered from state labor departments.
EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS METHODOLOGY
The BLS and state departments of labor data follow a similar classification process to that of
NCES and its CIP codes. The BLS uses Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes to
classify occupations. When constructing labor market assessments, Hanover Research uses
the CIP-SOC Crosswalk to identify SOCs related the relevant academic fields. The crosswalk
is provided by NCES.12 For this report, Hanover includes all teaching occupations for birth to
12th grade education, as well as teaching specializations including special education,
technical education, and “all other” teachers and instructors. Relevant occupations are
listed in the following figure.
Figure 2.1: Relevant Occupation by SOC Code
SOC
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
OCCUPATION
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
13
NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
In this section, Hanover Research highlights the occupational projections on a national level
to demonstrate how the field is growing on a broader scale. Figure 2.2 displays Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) projections for employment trends in education from 2012 to 2022.
12
“Resources: 2000-2010 CIP Conversion.” National Center for Education Statistics.
http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/resources.aspx?y=55
13
“Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2013.” United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
http://www.bls.gov/oes/home.htm
Figure 2.2: National Employment Projections, 2012-2022
SOC
TITLE
2012
2022
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
00-0000
All occupations
Preschool teachers, except special
education
Kindergarten teachers, except special
education
Elementary school teachers, except
special education
Middle school teachers, except special
and career/technical education
Career/technical education teachers,
middle school
Secondary school teachers, except
special and career/technical education
Career/technical education teachers,
secondary school
Special education teachers, preschool
Special education teachers,
kindergarten and elementary school
Special education teachers, middle
school
Special education teachers, secondary
school
Special education teachers, all other
Adult basic and secondary education
and literacy teachers and instructors
Self-enrichment education teachers
Teachers and instructors, all other
Total
145,355.8
160,983.7
15,628.0
10.8%
AVERAGE
ANNUAL
OPENINGS
5,055.7
438.2
514.6
76.4
17.4%
19.9
158.5
179.1
20.6
13.0%
6.5
1,361.2
1,529.1
167.9
12.3%
46.7
614.4
690.4
76.0
12.4%
21.1
18.2
19.1
0.9
5.2%
0.5
955.8
1,008.7
52.9
5.5%
31.3
85.4
89.7
4.3
5.0%
2.8
22.3
25.9
3.6
16.2%
0.7
194.6
206.6
12.0
6.2%
4.5
94.6
99.5
4.9
5.2%
2.1
131.3
137.4
6.1
4.6%
2.9
40.7
44.6
3.9
9.5%
1.1
77.4
84.2
6.7
8.7%
2.0
316.2
981.6
5,490.4
360.1
1,057.5
6,046.5
43.9
75.9
556.1
13.9%
7.7%
10.1%
9.8
24.4
176.3
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2051
25-2052
25-2053
25-2054
25-2059
25-3011
25-3021
25-3099
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
All numbers are in thousands.
14
The employment projections on the national level indicate that education is a growing
field, increasing at close to the same rate as all occupations, which is 10.8 percent. From
2012 to 2022, the number of individuals in teaching positions will increase by approximately
10.1 percent. In particular, preschool teachers, both special education and non-special
education, will increase at higher rates, between 16 and 17 percent.
14
“Employment Projections.” United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
http://data.bls.gov/projections/occupationProj
REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
As with the degree completions data in Section I, Hanover Research provides employment
projection data for Clarion University’s region. This comprises data from Pennsylvania and
all bordering states, including Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and West
Virginia.
Growth in teaching occupations is projected to be significantly lower, regionally, with
several occupations showing negative change between 2010 and 2020. Note that the state
data used for regional projections covers a less recent time period, 2010 to 2020, while the
national data covers 2012 to 2022. Thus, these figures may demonstrate slower growth
than the most up-to-date figures. Still, self-enrichment education teachers, special
education teachers, and preschool teachers all show higher growth than the average.
Figure 2.3: Regional Employment Projections, 2010-2020
SOC
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
OCCUPATION
Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except
Special Education
Middle School Teachers, Except
Special and Career/Technical
Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle
School
Secondary School Teachers, Except
Special and Career/Technical
Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers,
Secondary School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Kindergarten, and Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle
School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Adult Basic and Secondary Education
and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Total
2010
2020
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
AVERAGE ANNUAL
OPENINGS
84,515
94,552
10,037
11.9%
3,214
38,144
41,412
3,268
8.6%
1,319
263,243
278,271
15,028
5.7%
7,295
143,135
152,927
9,792
6.8%
4,119
2,865
2,860
0
0.0%
60
223,767
220,190
-3,582
-1.6%
6,281
17,137
15,700
-1,437
-8.4%
467
62,866
70,238
7,377
11.7%
2,589
30,898
34,264
3,371
10.9%
1,252
38,408
37,927
-481
-1.3%
1,163
25,147
26,600
1,453
5.8%
527
68,763
165,376
1,164,264
80,239
173,209
1,228,389
11,471
7,833
64,130
16.7%
4.7%
5.5%
2,198
3,314
33,798
Source: State Departments of Labor
Delaware does not maintain projections for 25-2023 – Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School and 25-2032 – Vocational
Education Teachers, Secondary School.
Maryland does not maintain projections for 25-2021 – Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education.
West Virginia does not maintain projections for 25-2053 – Special Education Teachers, Middle School; 25-3999 – Teachers and
Instructors, All; and 25-2023 – Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School.
PENNSYLVANIA EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
In Pennsylvania, growth across teaching occupations is also much lower than the national
figures. Many of the occupations show negative growth through 2020. However, preschool
teachers and self-enrichment education teachers report higher than average growth. Again,
this may be due to the fact that Pennsylvania’s data are from 2010, while the national
figures are up to date as of 2012.
Figure 2.4: Pennsylvania Employment Projections, 2010-2020
SOC
TITLE
2010
2020
CHANGE #
CHANGE %
00-0000
All Occupations
Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
Education
Middle School Teachers, Except Special &
Vocational Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Middle
School
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special
& Vocational Education
Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Kindergarten, & Elementary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary
School
Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, & GED
Teachers & Instructors
Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
Teachers & Instructors, All Other
Total
5,983,460
6,363,730
43,910
6.4%
AVERAGE ANNUAL
OPENINGS
185,472
14,100
15,570
1,470
10.4%
514
6,390
6,630
240
3.8%
190
57,570
59,110
1,540
2.7%
1,420
27,490
28,300
810
2.9%
685
550
530
-20
-3.6%
12
49,730
46,790
-2,940
-5.9%
1,360
4,600
4,080
-520
-11.3%
126
9,450
10,030
580
6.1%
337
4,330
4,570
240
5.5%
152
6,920
6,510
-410
-5.9%
204
2,630
2,740
110
4.2%
51
11,590
14,480
209,830
12,470
14,940
212,270
880
460
2,440
7.6%
3.2%
1.2%
265
268
5,584
25-2011
25-2012
25-2021
25-2022
25-2023
25-2031
25-2032
25-2041
25-2053
25-2054
25-3011
25-3021
25-3999
Source: Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry.
In this section of the report, Hanover Research profiles bachelor’s in education programs at
institutions in Pennsylvania. Hanover focuses on programs with the following
characteristics:
Programs that are geographically close to Clarion University of Pennsylvania,
Programs that are focused on a transfer student population, and/or
Programs that focus on a high-growth specialization,
Programs that focus on a specialization which is broadly popular and particularly
popular for male students,
Programs that are offered online.
DREXEL UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Bachelor of Science in Education
Drexel University Online
120, students may transfer up to 90
PK-4 Elementary Education
At least 2.5 years, part-time
Yes; Elementary Education Certification
$440 per credit (discounted from $732 per credit)
Yes
190 hours of in-school, pre-student teaching activities, 12
weeks of full-day student teaching
Designed for transfer students
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Drexel University
15
Drexel University offers an online bachelor of science in education for students who have
already completed some college credits. The program offers courses part-time and lasts 10
terms or 2.5 years. Students may take longer to complete the program, dependent on
transfer credits into the program. However, enrollment is only offered part-time.16
Students can obtain a teaching certification for elementary education. The program is
approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students must take the PECT and
PAPA exams, and those who complete the program are recommended for PK-4 certification.
The certification can also be transitioned to those from other states in some instances. 17 In
15
[1] “Bachelor of Science in Education Frequently Asked Questions.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/onlinedegrees/education-degrees/bs-ed/faq.aspx#Anchor-Wha-26108\
[2] “Bachelor of Science in Education Tuition.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/educationdegrees/bs-ed/tuition.aspx
16
“Bachelor of Science in Education.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/education-degrees/bsed/index.aspx
17
Ibid.
order to obtain the teacher certification, students must complete 12 consecutive weeks of
full-day student teaching and 190 hours of in-school, pre-student teaching activities that are
embedded in pedagogical courses. 18 These Field Experiences are formal school and
community activities that take place in a “collaborative, educational setting” and are
required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education for certification.19
Students in the program are eligible for financial aid including federal grants and loans, state
grants, and Drexel loans. 20 Although the program offers educational certification for
Pennsylvania, students do not need to be located in Pennsylvania to complete the program.
Drexel works with those students who live outside of the Philadelphia area to find suitable
field placements.21
MILITARY FRIENDLY UNIVERSITY
Note that Drexel University also serves the military and veteran community. There is no cap
on the number of veterans who can enroll through the Yellow Ribbon Post-9/11 GI Bill.
Military personnel, veterans, and their immediate families are also eligible for a 10 to 30
percent tuition reduction. Drexel also offers credit for military experience or classes that
have been evaluated for college equivalency by the American Council on Education. Drexel’s
online course offerings are flexible for military personnel and veterans.22
CURRICULUM
The program consists of a minimum of 180.5 quarter credits including:
Content courses - 65.5 quarter credits
Pedagogy courses - 89.5 quarter credits, and
Free electives - 26 quarter credits
Altogether, this is equal to 120 semester hours. Students take pedagogy courses in a
sequence and are free to choose content and elective courses at their discretion. Students
join the sequence at whatever level they have completed previous college coursework.
Course offerings can be found in the figures below.
18
Ibid.
“Bachelor of Science in Education Frequently Asked Questions,” Op. cit.
20
Ibid.
21
Ibid.
22
“Online Degrees: Military-Friendly University.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/prospectivestudents/military.aspx
19
Figure 3.1: Drexel University Content Course Requirements
CONTENT COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Principles of Communication
Expository Writing and Reading
Persuasive Writing and Reading
Analytical Writing and Reading
The History of Philadelphia
Introduction to Music
Introduction to Nutrition & Food
Sociology of Education I
Literature Elective
General Biology I
General Biology II
General Chemistry I
Principles of Microeconomics
Environmental Science and Society
Mathematical Analysis I
Mathematical Analysis II
Mathematical Analysis III
Applied Physics
General Psychology I
Educational Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
23
Source: Drexel University
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4 credits
4 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
Figure 3.2: Drexel University Content Course Requirements
PEDAGOGY COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Foundations in Education I: A Historical and Philosophical Perspective
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar I
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar II
Freshman Pedagogy Seminar III
Science Teaching Methods
Child Development I: Typical Development
Child Development II: Atypical Development
Special Education Foundations: Referral and Assessment
Sophomore Pedagogy Seminar
Early Language Development
Diversity and Today's Teacher
Math Methods and Content: Early Childhood
Math: Methods & Content
Early Literacy I
Inclusionary Practices for Exceptional Students
Literacy and Content Skill Development
Instructing English Language Learners
Junior Pedagogy Seminar
23
3 credits
1 credits
1 credits
1 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4.5 credits
1 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4.5 credits
4.5 credits
3 credits
1 credits
“Bachelor of Science in Education Curriculum.” Drexel Online. http://www.drexel.com/online-degrees/educationdegrees/bs-ed/curriculum.aspx
PEDAGOGY COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Assessment of Young Children I
Assessment of Young Children II
Current Research in Curriculum & Instruction
Multimedia in Instructional Design
Language Arts Processes
Engaging the Learner
Early Literacy II
Expressive Arts for PK-4
Social Studies Teaching Methods
Senior Pedagogy Seminar
Student Teaching
Family and Community Partnerships
24
Source: Drexel University
3 credits
4 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
1 credits
9 credits
3 credits
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Bachelor of Science in Special Education
Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and
Special Education in the College of Education
121
Special Education
Four years
Yes, Pennsylvania Instructional I Certificate in Teaching the
Mentally and/or Physically Handicapped
$670 per credit / $1,194 per credit lower division
$725 per credit / $1,255 per credit upper division
No
80 hours of field experience with two disability areas
Optional combined master’s program
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Penn State University
25
The Special Education program is housed in the Department of Educational Psychology,
Counseling, and Special Education in the College of Education at Penn State. Upon
completion of the program, students become eligible for the Pennsylvania Instructional I
Certificate in Teaching the Mentally and/or Physically Handicapped. The program cites four
mission statements as its goals:26
24
To have a positive influence on the inclusion of persons who are culturally,
physically or intellectually diverse in the mainstream of American life,
To provide national leadership in the development and sharing of new knowledge in
special education,
Ibid.
“University Park, Hershey, Dickinson, and Great Valley Tuition.” Penn State University.
http://tuition.psu.edu/tuitiondynamic/rates.aspx?location=up
26
Quoted from source. “Program Mission Statement.” Penn State University. http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/specialeducation/program-mission
25
To develop the next generation of college and university faculty in special
education, and
To develop teachers who can apply the current knowledge of effective practices in
special education.
In addition to the bachelor’s program, there is also a combined bachelor’s and master’s
program focused on special education. The bachelor’s program has the following
requirements:27
Eighty hours of experience with children with disabilities. Hours must be completed
with two different settings serving two different levels of disability. Ideally, this
should be in the classroom.
Pass the Praxis 1 (Reading, Writing, and Math) examinations.
Complete required coursework.
Maintain a 3.0 GPA as required by the College of Education and the Pennsylvania
Department of Education.
During the first four semesters of the program, students complete general education
requirements. Program checklist courses are required, as well as special education courses.
The special education course offerings are provided in the figure below.
Figure 3.3: Penn State University Special Education Coursework
SPECIAL EDUCATION COURSEWORK
Fundamentals of Reading Instruction in Special Education
Independent Studies (1-18)
(3)
Teaching and Assessing Reading Skills of Students with
Special Topics (1-9)
Special Needs (3)
Autism and Related Disorders (3)
Specialized Reading Applications in Special Education (3)
Special Topics (1-9)
Autism: Issues and Concerns (1)
Observing in Exceptional Settings (3)
Autism and Applied Behavior Analysis (4)
Teaching Exceptional Students in General Education Settings
Communication and Social Competence (3)
(3)
Motivating Exceptional Learners (4)
Assessment and Curriculum (3)
Human Rights: Historical and Current Issues in Special
Asperger Syndrome (1)
Education (3)
Working with Families and Professionals in Special
Experience with Exceptional Children (3)
Education (3)
Fundamental Literacy Skills for Students with Special Needs
Practicum in Special Education (15)
(3)
Writing and Content Literacy for Students with Special
Experience with an Integrated Inclusion Classroom (4)
Needs (3)
Mathematics Instruction for Students with Special Needs (3)
Independent Studies (1-18)
Intervention for Students with Severe Disabilities (3)
Special Topics (1-9)
27
“Frequently Asked Questions.” Penn State University. http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/specialeducation/programs/bachelors-of-science/frequently-asked-questions
SPECIAL EDUCATION COURSEWORK
Foundations of Inclusive : Legal, Etiology, Collaboration,
Instruction for Students with Mild Disabilities (4)
and Assessment (3)
Creating and Maintaining a Positive General Education
Early Special Education (3-4)
Classroom (3)
Technologies for Persons with Disabilities (2)
Special Topics (1-9)
Orientation to Human Variation and Special Education
Students with Autism in Inclusive Settings: Practical
Services (3)
Applications (1)
Foundational Skills for Working with Students with Special
Extended Applications for Tutoring in Reading, Math and
Education Needs in General Education Classrooms (1)
Progress Monitoring (3)
Evidenced-Based Methods for Monitoring Student Progress
Comprehension Strategies, Motivation and Monitoring
and Making Instructional Decisions (2)
Progress (3)
Evidence-Based Practices for Inclusive Behavior
Instructional Design and Delivery in Reading and Math (3)
Management (2)
Effective and Explicit Instruction for Students with Learning
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Difficulties (2)
Spelling and Writing I (3)
434A Evidence-Based Practices for Inclusive Elementary
Foundational Skills for Working with Students with Special
Classrooms (2)
Education Needs in General Education Classrooms (1)
Evidenced-Based Practices for Inclusive Secondary
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Classrooms (2)
Spelling and Writing I (3)
Orton-Gillingham Multisensory Instruction in Reading,
Inclusive Education and Assessment (6)
Spelling and Writing II (3)
Assessment for Instruction (4)
Students with Autism in Inclusive Settings (2)
Source: Penn State University
28
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specializations
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Boston University
28
Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education
School of Education
128-162 (depending on concentration)
History, History with Special Education, History with Teaching of English as
a Second Language, Political Science, Political Science with Special
Education, Political Science with Teaching of English as a Second Language.
Four years
Yes, licensure in Elementary Education
$45,686 per year
No
Yes, integrated with courses
Six available concentrations in history and political science fields.
29
“Undergraduate Level Coursework Special Education (SPLED).” Penn State University.
http://www.ed.psu.edu/epcse/special-education/programs/bachelors-of-science/undergraduate-levelcoursework
29
[1] “Tuition & Fees.” Boston University. http://www.bu.edu/admissions/apply/costs-aid-scholarships/tuition-and-fees/
[2] “B.S. in Social Studies Education.” Boston University. http://www.bu.edu/academics/sed/programs/socialstudies-education/bs/
Boston University’s social studies education program prepares graduates to be “classroom
teachers, museum educators, developers of learning materials, social education curriculum
specialists, and youth service educators.”30
Students who complete the program are eligible to gain licensure in Elementary Education
in Massachusetts. Licenses also include a specialty in History and Political Science/Political
Philosophy.31
The program involves field work via the “professional studies” component of the
curriculum, which integrates field-based activities with on-campus courses. The
undergraduate program culminates in a student-teaching experience. There are six program
concentrations, shown below.32
Figure 3.4: Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education Options
HISTORY CONCENTRATION OPTIONS
Concentration options in History at the School of
Education include History on its own, or combined
with either Special Education (Moderate) 5–12 or
Teaching English as a Second Language.
History (Total Credits: 128)
History with Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
(Total Credits: 154)
History with Teaching of English as a Second Language
(Total Credits: 156)
POLITICAL SCIENCE CONCENTRATION OPTIONS
Concentration options in Political Science at the School
of Education include Political Science on its own, or
combined with either Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
or Teaching English as a Second Language.
Political Science (Total Credits: 128)
Political Science with Special Education (Moderate) 5–12
(Total Credits: 162)
Political Science with Teaching of English as a Second
Language (Total Credits: 152)
Source: Boston University
One example of program curriculum, for the History with Teaching of English as a Second
Language concentration, is outlined in the figure below.
Figure 3.5: Boston University Bachelor of Science in Social Studies Education Curriculum
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION:
HISTORY WITH TEACHING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TOTAL CREDITS: 156)
Distribution Requirements (44)
Writing Seminar (4)
Writing and Research Seminar (4)
Two courses in CAS Humanities (8)
World Regional Geography (4)
MA (Exempt with score of 580 or above on SAT or 23 or above on ACT) (4)
Lab Science (4)
Natural Science or Lab Science (4)
Two electives (8)
History Subject-Specific Requirements (48)
World History I and II (8)
Emergence of the United States to 1865 (4)
30
“B.S. in Social Studies Education,” Op. cit.
Ibid.
32
Ibid.
31
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION:
HISTORY WITH TEACHING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TOTAL CREDITS: 156)
The United States Since 1865 (4)
The Historian’s Craft (4)
Economic History of the United States or Intro to Macroeconomics (4)
Course focused on Asia, Latin America, or Africa (4)
190 or 200-, 300- or higher level courses (HI 190 preferred) (4)
Two 400- or 500-level colloquia (8)
CAS PH 270 or 271 or HI 203, 302, 448, or 456 (4)
Introduction to American Politics (4)
Professional Studies (64)
Introduction to Education (6)
Special Education and Adolescents (2)
Introduction to Adolescent Development (2)
Pre-Practicum (2)
Teaching of Reading (4)
Reading and Writing Assessment (2)
Social and Civic Context of Education (4)
Teaching English Language Learners in Middle/High Schools (4)
History Methods (4)
Developing Historical Literacy (4)
History Laboratory (2) or Project Citizen: Promoting Civic Engagement (2)
Classroom Management (2)
Practicum (5–8 or 8–12) (8)
Literacy Development for Bilingual Students (4)
Language Acquisition (4)
Methods in Teaching English as a Second Language (4)
Half Practicum in Teaching English as a Second Language 5–12 (4)
Student Teaching Seminar (2)
Foreign Language Requirement
Source: Boston University
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY
Program Name
Department
Credits
Specialization
Duration
Teaching Certification
Tuition
Online
Field Work
Notable Features
Source: Ashford University
33
Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education
College of Education
125
Physical Education
Four years
Qualifies students for both elementary and secondary physical
education endorsements
$420.00 per credit hour (online), $77,010 total
Yes
No, practicum courses
Program can qualify students for elementary, middle, or
secondary school licensure
33
[1] “Tuition and Fees.” Ashford University. http://www.ashford.edu/admissions/online_tuition_fees.htm
Ashford University’s physical education program prepares students to teach physical
education at the elementary, middle school, and secondary school levels. There is no field
work requirement, although there are a number of practicum courses that must be
completed. The program is also aligned to National Association for Sport and Physical
Education (NASPE) K-12 standards. Graduates from the program will be equipped to:34
Identify physical education content and disciplinary concepts related to the
development of a physically educated person,
Demonstrate how individuals learn and develop by providing opportunities that
support their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development,
Apply knowledge of how individuals differ in their approaches to learning, by
creating appropriate instruction adapted to these differences,
Use an understanding of individual and group motivation and behavior to create a
safe learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active
engagement in learning, and self-motivation,
Use knowledge of effective verbal, nonverbal, and media communication
techniques to enhance learning and engagement in physical activity settings,
Use assessment to foster physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of
students in physical activity,
Evaluate the effects of their actions on others (e.g., students, parents/guardians,
fellow professionals) and seek opportunities to grow professionally,
Use information technology to enhance learning and to enhance personal and
professional productivity, and
Foster relationships with colleagues, parents/guardians, and community agencies to
support students' growth and well-being.
Financial aid, including private loans, federal loans, and grants, is available for the
program.35 The program curriculum is provided in the figure below.
Figure 3.6: Ashford University Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education Curriculum
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
Physical Education Major Requirements (47 credits):
Introduction to Education (Elementary and Secondary) & Field Experience (1 credit)
Educational Psychology (3 credits)
Foundation of American Education (2 credits)
Principles of Education (Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary) & Field Experience II (2 credits)
Integrating Technology in the Classroom (2 credits)
Human Relations Skills for Educators (1 credit)
Child & Adolescent Development (3 credits)
[2] “BA Physical Education.” Ashford University. http://www.ashford.edu/degrees/campus/ba-physicaleducation.htm
34
Quoted from source. “BA Physical Education,” Op. cit.
35
“Ashford University Program Disclosures.” Ashford University.
http://www.ashford.edu/static/programdisclosures/?p=iape#iape
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
Survey of Exceptional Students (3 credits)
Behavior Management in the Classroom (3 credits)
Reading in Secondary Education Content Areas (3 credits)
Specific Methods in Elementary PE (3 credits)
Practicum in Elementary PE (1 credit)
Specific Methods in Secondary PE (3 credits)
Practicum in Secondary PE (1 credit)
Student Teaching Elementary PE (8 credits)
Student Teaching Secondary PE (7 credits)
Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
Additional Endorsement Requirements (29 credits):
Personal Health & Wellness (2 credits)
Foundation of Movement & Motor Activities (3 credits)
Human Biology (4 credits)
Prevention & Care of Athletic Injuries (2 credits)
Individual & Team Sports Skills (3 credits)
Applied Kinesiology & Biomechanics (3 credits)
Curriculum & Administration of Physical Education (3 credits)
Adapted Physical Education (3 credits)
PED Sport Skills Courses (6 credits):
Activity: 1 credit each (6 distinct total courses)
Source: Ashford University
36
36
“BA Physical Education,” Op. cit.
Figure A.1: National Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0203 Indian/Native American Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0301 Curriculum and Instruction
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.0402 Administration of Special Education
13.0403 Adult and Continuing Education Administration
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.0407 Community College Education
13.0408 Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship
13.0409 Secondary School Administration/Principalship
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.0601 Educational Evaluation and Research
13.0607 Learning Sciences
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments
Including Deafness
13.1004 Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
2008
2,798
178
3
0
1
28
11
39
0
0
4
81
2
54
3
10
6,962
2009
2,950
393
1
7
14
93
7
43
0
0
0
0
76
3
53
0
2
0
7,134
2010
3,066
415
3
9
0
0
0
9
29
12
0
68
1
58
0
5
0
0
7,377
2011
3,425
431
5
6
4
11
14
2
4
42
8
0
72
1
42
0
0
3
2
15
7,515
2012
3,541
415
0
0
0
22
0
10
41
8
83
1
30
0
0
8
2
29
8,073
CAGR
6.1%
23.6%
---116.6%
---2.4%
1.3%
----0.6%
-15.9%
-13.7%
----30.5%
3.8%
AAC
185.8
59.3
---5.3
---0.3
0.5
----0.5
-0.3
-6.0
----4.8
277.8
STDEV
101.1
91.1
---11.1
--4.5
9.8
----7.5
1.1
8.4
----10.4
166.2
138
146
123
124
143
0.9%
1.3
15.4
132
183
145
180
160
221
144
206
0
154
191
-3.9%
1.1%
-5.5
2.0
-12.5
23.0
CIP
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language
Impairments
13.1013 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Autism
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special
Education Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School
Special Education Programs
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education
Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
2008
116
2009
78
2010
121
2011
155
2012
176
CAGR
11.0%
AAC
15.0
STDEV
31.6
58
52
50
63
61
1.3%
0.8
7.3
20
19
24
17
23
3.6%
0.8
5.2
375
374
318
324
333
-2.9%
-10.5
26.5
260
270
215
206
273
1.2%
3.3
43.7
2
12
1
18
1
19
4
---
---
---
72
111
105
166
236
34.6%
41.0
29.4
-
-
94
111
159
--
--
--
-
-
0
0
2
--
--
--
-
-
13
14
12
--
--
--
400
43,410
2,747
4,564
2,197
9,521
455
1,489
435
2,898
143
1,778
401
818
373
42,628
2,706
4,495
2,202
9,765
499
1,546
418
2,759
153
1,764
375
686
331
41,649
2,645
4,241
1,955
10,186
528
1,529
402
2,674
136
1,678
379
556
333
41,288
2,857
4,203
2,156
11,287
556
1,519
361
2,873
147
1,680
340
553
446
40,387
2,958
4,474
2,149
12,162
655
1,464
346
2,984
112
1,591
369
488
2.8%
-1.8%
1.9%
-0.5%
-0.6%
6.3%
9.5%
-0.4%
-5.6%
0.7%
-5.9%
-2.7%
-2.1%
-12.1%
11.5
-755.8
52.8
-22.5
-12.0
660.3
50.0
-6.3
-22.3
21.5
-7.8
-46.8
-8.0
-82.5
60.7
238.5
111.1
188.5
158.8
343.1
29.0
40.3
10.8
138.4
19.3
41.2
26.4
53.2
CIP
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher
Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1334 School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject
Areas, Other
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language
Instructor
13.1402 Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
CAGR
AAC
STDEV
27
37
27
33
31
3.5%
1.0
7.7
2,144
3,429
9,521
117
754
630
2,308
253
1,248
23
482
78
153
61
21
8
994
48
546
57
15
4
7
10
-
2,111
3,717
9,664
126
739
617
2,140
263
1,168
6
387
68
181
72
15
8
936
53
553
58
14
4
1
13
-
2,252
3,951
9,277
133
740
645
2,050
251
1,115
15
429
71
191
68
14
12
872
38
532
65
11
2
2
12
26
0
2,249
4,017
9,168
148
796
660
2,148
267
1,021
3
423
84
170
58
18
9
882
44
545
58
2
6
2
15
32
1
2,438
3,913
9,047
124
830
612
2,143
304
853
4
478
99
156
72
23
7
822
62
545
44
8
6
8
13
36
1
3.3%
3.4%
-1.3%
1.5%
2.4%
-0.7%
-1.8%
4.7%
-9.1%
-35.4%
-0.2%
6.1%
0.5%
4.2%
2.3%
-3.3%
-4.6%
6.6%
0.0%
-6.3%
-14.5%
10.7%
3.4%
6.8%
---
73.5
121.0
-118.5
1.8
19.0
-4.5
-41.3
12.8
-98.8
-4.8
-1.0
5.3
0.8
2.8
0.5
-0.3
-43.0
3.5
-0.3
-3.3
-1.8
0.5
0.3
0.8
---
93.7
153.5
187.5
15.2
27.7
29.2
98.9
17.5
42.6
10.3
58.8
9.9
19.5
10.0
4.4
2.7
30.7
11.8
12.8
7.9
5.4
2.2
4.3
2.3
---
540
516
459
413
384
-8.2%
-39.0
13.2
317
384
344
313
353
2.7%
9.0
45.6
-
-
-
-
1
--
--
--
CIP
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1501 Teacher Assistant/Aide
13.1599 Teaching Assistants/Aides, Other
13.9999 Education, Other
Grand Total
2008
0
0
1,918
108,497
2009
1,420
107,793
2010
1
1
1,450
106,454
2011
8
0
1,675
108,572
2012
36
0
2,012
110,099
CAGR
---1.2%
0.4%
AAC
---23.5
400.5
STDEV
---320.5
1,454.7
2011
660
20
1
3
0
42
37
1
3
3
12
2,484
2012
726
16
0
0
0
41
40
0
1
8
1
10
2,438
CAGR
6.3%
-1.5%
---1.9%
-3.4%
------1.5%
AAC
39.5
-0.3
---0.8
-1.5
------39.0
STDEV
74.6
10.2
---9.9
11.2
-----173.2
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Figure A.2: Regional Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including
Deafness
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
2008
568
17
13
38
46
2
2,594
2009
710
3
0
43
56
1
1
2,534
2010
648
17
0
0
29
36
1
1
5
2,753
24
23
24
27
22
-2.2%
-0.5
3.0
2
0
21
2
0
15
2
0
15
3
0
65
3
0
81
10.7%
-40.1%
0.3
-15.0
0.4
-21.7
--
--
--
3.0%
0.3
1.8
1
8
10
9
11
9
CIP
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education
Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special
Education Programs
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education
Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1101 Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1207 Montessori Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1299 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and
Methods, Other
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher
Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
2008
86
197
2009
106
201
2010
89
162
2011
96
138
2012
97
175
CAGR
3.1%
-2.9%
AAC
2.8
-5.5
STDEV
13.3
29.0
19
32
42
91
143
65.6%
31.0
19.6
-
-
74
81
104
--
--
--
-
-
0
0
2
--
--
--
-
-
12
11
10
--
--
--
171
22
8,465
1,031
1,167
360
158
26
8,230
943
1,070
331
922
1,936
883
1,887
139
25
8,011
790
960
449
3
759
1,951
152
15
8,006
767
1,060
468
11
874
1,938
222
20
7,877
805
1,158
427
4
892
2,185
6.7%
-2.4%
-1.8%
-6.0%
-0.2%
4.4%
--0.8%
3.1%
12.8
-0.5
-147.0
-56.5
-2.3
16.8
--7.5
62.3
35.2
5.9
91.4
71.3
101.4
62.6
-86.9
114.2
135
131
93
117
75
-13.7%
-15.0
26.9
57
418
41
667
75
386
49
138
47
428
56
660
87
406
64
135
49
470
46
601
80
422
51
112
60
478
36
655
72
491
47
109
69
415
30
710
64
404
35
104
4.9%
-0.2%
-7.5%
1.6%
-3.9%
1.1%
-8.1%
-6.8%
3.0
-0.8
-2.8
10.8
-2.8
4.5
-3.5
-8.5
8.2
38.4
10.4
47.5
8.5
56.8
11.2
8.4
2
11
7
6
15
65.5%
3.3
5.8
582
913
584
1,187
586
1,225
534
1,242
625
1,181
1.8%
6.6%
10.8
67.0
51.3
125.1
CIP
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas,
Other
13.9999 Education, Other
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
31.0601 Outdoor Education
39.0401 Religious Education
Grand Total
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
2008
1,896
121
9
866
58
19
149
20
35
18
6
80
14
122
2
1
0
1
-
2009
1,738
110
14
808
55
24
86
12
32
24
2
66
17
131
1
8
4
-
2010
1,651
117
12
713
62
22
86
21
40
18
0
1
103
12
138
1
2
1
5
3
0
2011
1,718
0
113
13
742
64
19
90
23
24
22
2
77
18
143
1
4
5
9
-
2012
1,700
142
18
713
78
18
1
107
27
22
24
1
77
25
140
0
0
1
10
-
CAGR
-2.7%
-4.1%
18.9%
-4.7%
7.7%
-1.3%
--7.9%
7.8%
-11.0%
7.5%
-36.1%
--1.0%
15.6%
3.5%
---0.0%
---
AAC
-49.0
-5.3
2.3
-38.3
5.0
-0.3
--10.5
1.8
-3.3
1.5
-1.3
--0.8
2.8
4.5
---0.0
---
STDEV
83.3
-15.1
2.9
45.3
6.3
3.1
-31.0
6.2
8.5
4.6
2.2
-23.7
4.7
4.6
---3.2
---
101
103
101
81
57
-13.3%
-11.0
11.2
860
872
284
170
26,877
757
947
275
149
26,424
661
922
215
1
156
25,812
663
896
230
125
26,009
634
966
285
174
26,464
-7.3%
2.6%
0.1%
-0.6%
-0.4%
-56.5
23.5
0.3
-1.0
-103.3
44.4
49.0
41.6
-31.0
442.4
Figure A.3: Pennsylvania Education Degree Completions
CIP
13.0101 Education, General
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0403 Adult and Continuing Education Administration
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including
Deafness
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical
Health Impairments
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including
Blindness
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language
Impairments
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education
Programs
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education
Programs
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special
Education Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
2008
101
11
693
2009
90
7
714
2010
68
0
9
5
678
2011
66
1
1
3
3
658
2012
102
0
0
10
8
717
CAGR
0.2%
---2.4%
-0.9%
AAC
0.3
---0.3
-6.0
STDEV
21.8
--5.1
-37.0
13
9
7
9
11
-4.1%
-0.5
2.6
2
2
2
3
3
10.7%
0.3
0.4
1
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
8
10
9
11
9
3.0%
0.3
1.8
9
20
15
-
-
--
--
--
2
1
7
56
91
159.7%
22.3
20.5
-
-
24
18
16
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
1
--
--
--
62
4,108
275
110
242
77
3,989
282
99
255
69
12
96
89
16
95
45
3,940
0
258
115
302
8
92
15
85
72
3,938
1
286
106
270
4
104
9
93
100
3,934
10
280
119
395
12
75
3
103
12.7%
-1.1%
-0.5%
2.0%
13.0%
-2.1%
-29.3%
1.8%
9.5
-43.5
-1.3
2.3
38.3
-1.5
-2.3
1.8
24.5
47.5
-19.0
12.3
57.4
-18.6
4.1
7.9
CIP
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject
Areas, Other
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language
Instructor
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.9999 Education, Other
Grand Total
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
37
Ibid.
37
2008
29
27
17
76
178
104
14
6
99
10
12
5
6
0
1
14
2
11
0
-
2009
32
20
21
64
184
118
11
5
91
14
7
3
6
1
0
13
5
15
1
1
-
2010
31
12
22
61
199
134
16
3
105
13
6
5
8
1
0
13
2
6
0
0
0
2011
27
3
13
48
192
150
18
5
116
6
10
0
5
5
0
7
3
5
1
1
-
2012
26
14
14
54
172
134
12
8
111
4
4
1
11
3
11
0
0
13
2
13
0
-
CAGR
-2.7%
-15.1%
-4.7%
-8.2%
-0.9%
6.5%
-3.8%
7.5%
2.9%
--20.5%
--2.2%
-12.0%
16.4%
---1.8%
0.0%
4.3%
----
AAC
-0.8
-3.3
-0.8
-5.5
-1.5
7.5
-0.5
0.5
3.0
--1.5
--0.3
-0.5
1.3
---0.3
0.0
0.5
----
STDEV
2.5
8.3
4.9
7.7
13.2
13.6
4.3
2.1
9.6
-3.9
-3.3
3.2
3.3
--4.3
2.2
6.3
----
40
54
58
44
47
4.1%
1.8
10.1
0
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
58
6,523
53
6,474
1
60
6,440
0
46
6,417
51
6,704
--3.2%
0.7%
--1.8
45.3
-8.4
139.9
Figure A.4: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, National
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1321 Computer Teacher Education
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
TOTAL
538,272
245
5,405
46,677
4,506
10,789
50
1,338
94
3,164
51
16
2
237
22
284
155
400
1,962
19,027
2,693
21,977
39
3,859
91
380
2,199
11,194
8,491
45
63
TOTAL MALE
109,510
162
3,493
27,232
2,573
6,097
28
739
49
1,647
26
8
1
109
10
125
66
169
801
7,753
1,081
8,781
15
1,449
33
136
779
3,704
2,781
14
19
PERCENTAGE MALE
20.3%
66.1%
64.6%
58.3%
57.1%
56.5%
56.0%
55.2%
52.1%
52.1%
51.0%
50.0%
50.0%
46.0%
45.5%
44.0%
42.6%
42.3%
40.8%
40.7%
40.1%
40.0%
38.5%
37.5%
36.3%
35.8%
35.4%
33.1%
32.8%
31.1%
30.2%
CIP
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.0203 Indian/Native American Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0408 Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.0101 Education, General
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1334 School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0406 Higher Education/Higher Education Administration
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1006 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.0301 Curriculum and Instruction
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1013 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Autism
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
TOTAL
282
22
2,312
4
4
8,475
13,913
14,188
1,711
2,721
194
15,780
135
7,547
20
735
691
54
331
851
8
28
37,061
981
1,724
209,362
1,883
48
364
51
103
646
TOTAL MALE
85
6
590
1
1
2,006
3,147
2,936
314
482
34
2,760
23
1,212
3
110
103
8
49
119
1
3
3,848
101
164
18,880
159
4
29
4
8
45
PERCENTAGE MALE
30.1%
27.3%
25.5%
25.0%
25.0%
23.7%
22.6%
20.7%
18.4%
17.7%
17.5%
17.5%
17.0%
16.1%
15.0%
15.0%
14.9%
14.8%
14.8%
14.0%
12.5%
10.7%
10.4%
10.3%
9.5%
9.0%
8.4%
8.3%
8.0%
7.8%
7.8%
7.0%
CIP
13.1315 Reading Teacher Education
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0402 Administration of Special Education
13.0601 Educational Evaluation and Research
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education
Programs
13.1402 Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language
TOTAL
648
690
1,832
674
44
52,921
1,224
10,659
1,864
12
2
3
6
6
TOTAL MALE
37
37
91
32
2
1,819
36
291
50
0
0
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
5.7%
5.4%
5.0%
4.7%
4.5%
3.4%
2.9%
2.7%
2.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2
0
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Figure A.5: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, Regional
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1309 Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
31.0501 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
TOTAL
TOTAL MALE
PERCENTAGE MALE
130,973
29,273
22.4%
598
6
86
8,703
4,603
102
66
3,842
317
488
4
57
5,308
2,757
61
39
2,211
178
81.6%
66.7%
66.3%
61.0%
59.9%
59.8%
59.1%
57.5%
56.2%
CIP
39.0401 Religious Education
31.0599 Health and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
13.1337 Earth Science Teacher Education
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1310 Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1019 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs
13.1332 Geography Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1206 Teacher Education, Multiple Levels
13.1101 Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services
13.0101 Education, General
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.0201 Bilingual and Multilingual Education
13.0404 Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
TOTAL
774
1289
22
16
603
403
103
41
209
215
5,415
5
33
11
5,748
2,911
2109
518
282
4,336
9
3,293
2035
108
3312
443
11
73
193
378
3575
2209
TOTAL MALE
411
672
11
8
299
198
48
17
86
87
2,191
2
13
4
2,074
1,030
703
167
78
1,099
2
716
411
21
641
83
2
13
34
58
541
328
PERCENTAGE MALE
53.1%
52.1%
50.0%
50.0%
49.6%
49.1%
46.6%
41.5%
41.1%
40.5%
40.5%
40.0%
39.4%
36.4%
36.1%
35.4%
33.3%
32.2%
27.7%
25.3%
22.2%
21.7%
20.2%
19.4%
19.4%
18.7%
18.2%
17.8%
17.6%
15.3%
15.1%
14.8%
CIP
13.1299 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods, Other
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
13.1007 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities
13.0901 Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education
13.1011 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.0499 Educational Administration and Supervision, Other
13.0701 International and Comparative Education
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education Programs
13.1207 Montessori Teacher Education
13.1327 Health Occupations Teacher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
TOTAL
551
106
674
153
40,589
12,803
197
22
47
12
474
259
842
9897
327
120
246
4330
873
1
3
5
1
12
1
2
18
1
TOTAL MALE
76
13
82
17
4,293
1,337
19
2
4
1
35
18
48
491
16
5
8
126
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
13.8%
12.3%
12.2%
11.1%
10.6%
10.4%
9.6%
9.1%
8.5%
8.3%
7.4%
6.9%
5.7%
5.0%
4.9%
4.2%
3.3%
2.9%
2.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Figure A.6: CIP Classifications by Percentage Male, Pennsylvania
CIP
All CIPs Listed Below
13.1329 Physics Teacher Education
13.1203 Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching
13.1320 Trade and Industrial Teacher Education
13.1318 Social Studies Teacher Education
13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education
13.1328 History Teacher Education
13.1314 Physical Education Teaching and Coaching
13.0699 Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other
13.1319 Technical Teacher Education
13.1331 Speech Teacher Education
13.1307 Health Teacher Education
13.1317 Social Science Teacher Education
13.1303 Business Teacher Education
13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education
13.1205 Secondary Education and Teaching
13.1311 Mathematics Teacher Education
13.1312 Music Teacher Education
13.1322 Biology Teacher Education
13.1305 English/Language Arts Teacher Education
13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education
13.1399 Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other
13.1324 Drama and Dance Teacher Education
13.0101 Education, General
13.1306 Foreign Language Teacher Education
13.1325 French Language Teacher Education
13.1330 Spanish Language Teacher Education
13.1302 Art Teacher Education
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
13.9999 Education, Other
13.1001 Special Education and Teaching, General
TOTAL
32,517
14
11
47
522
16
60
640
16
4
2
76
27
55
71
1,381
303
925
46
472
24
243
36
427
145
7
50
429
19,909
268
3,460
TOTAL MALE
5,134
10
7
29
311
9
33
337
8
2
1
36
12
24
30
563
117
347
14
118
6
58
8
74
23
1
7
57
2,450
28
323
PERCENTAGE MALE
15.8%
71.4%
63.6%
61.7%
59.6%
56.3%
55.0%
52.7%
50.0%
50.0%
50.0%
47.4%
44.4%
43.6%
42.3%
40.8%
38.6%
37.5%
30.4%
25.0%
25.0%
23.9%
22.2%
17.3%
15.9%
14.3%
14.0%
13.3%
12.3%
10.4%
9.3%
CIP
13.1009 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness
13.1003 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
13.1017 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs
13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs
13.1012 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments
13.1099 Special Education and Teaching, Other
13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching
13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching
13.1308 Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education
13.0202 Multicultural Education
13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other
13.1005 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances
13.1008 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health
Impairments
13.1018 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education
Programs
13.1326 German Language Teacher Education
13.1333 Latin Teacher Education
13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other
13.1338 Environmental Education
13.1401 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
TOTAL
47
49
58
157
44
356
1,464
549
87
1
1
12
TOTAL MALE
4
4
4
9
2
15
41
11
1
0
0
0
PERCENTAGE MALE
8.5%
8.2%
6.9%
5.7%
4.5%
4.2%
2.8%
2.0%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
1
0
0.0%
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
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