N ormal S chool H erald
P u b l is h e d O c t o b e r , J a n u a r y , A

frit , a n d

Ju l y .

S h ip p e n s b u r g , P a .

Von. V.

JANUARY, 1901.

No. 2

Extension of Course of Stubs for Pennsylvania state
iRormal Schools.
T the recent meeting of the Principals of the Normal Schools
of Pennsylvania, held in Harrisburg, November 8th, an
additional year’s work was added to the present Elementary Course. Beginning with the Senior class of 1903 all students
.who wish to graduate must complete a three year’s course of
study. This course of study will be divided into Junior, Middle
and Senior years. Students who wish to graduate in the present
Elementary Course must do so prior to 1903. The last class
which can graduate in the present course will be the class of 1902.
Those who finish the Junior studies next June can graduate in
1902, providing they continue their work uninterruptedly until
they finish the course. Students who have finished the Junior
studies in previous years will have the opportunity of graduating
with the class of 1902, providing they enter Normal at the open­
ing of the Fall Term of 1901.
The new course of study admits of a number of electives, chiefly
in the languages. The purpose of these electives is to enable
students to enter high-grade colleges without conditions after
graduating from a Normal School, and also to fit them to fill
department positions in the advanced High Schools of the State.
A t present most of these positions are filled by college graduates,
because the Elementary Course of the Pennsylvania Normal
School is not as extensive as the courses of study in many of the
High Schools of the Commonwealth. Persons who have gradu­
ated in the Elementary Course can finish the three years’ course
by attending a Normal School an additional year.

2

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

Stu&ents for tbe Spring Ucrm.
H E Spring Term of the Shippensburg Normal School opens
on April 8th. This is two weeks later than usual. The
change of the time of opening to a later date was made for
the convenience of teachers who wish to take a Normal Course.
Since the minimum school term has been made seven months in­
stead of six, most of the public schools do not close before the
first week in April. In order that these students might be able to
enter at the opening of the term, the length of the Spring Term
was reduced from fourteen to twelve weeks and the time for the
opening of this term fixed for the second Monday in April.
I trust that all students and graduates who read this number
of the H erald will interest themselves in soliciting new students
for the C. V . S. N. S. You will thus be doing the students you
secure a favor and likewise the school receiving them. The other
Normal Schools all over the State as well as the colleges and
academies are putting forth wonderful efforts to secure patronage.
The friends of the Shippensburg Normal School must be on the
alert or the school will lose many students who, with proper solic­
itation, could be enrolled on the Shippensburg register.
The graduates of the Shippensburg Normal School can present
the claims of their Alma Mater with a pardonable pride. The
efficiency of your Alma Mater as a training school for teachers
has been thoroughly tested and with very satisfactory results. No
higher tribute can be paid to an institution than that its graduates
have been uniformly successful in the work for which the institu­
tion has trained and educated them. This tribute honestly belongs
to the Cumberland Valley State Normal School because of the
superior work which the Alumni of the school have done as
teachers.
The standard of scholarship is sufficiently high to guarantee
thorough work in the subjects of the course. The instructors in
charge of the departments are persons of fine natural ability and
liberal education and in addition to these qualifications they -are
energetic and skillful teachers. While we do not retain students
in the course longer than is necessary, yet we do insist on their
remaining a sufficient length of time to complete the branches
satisfactorily. No instruction in methods can be successful until

■

'THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

3

after the student has mastered the subject in which the methods
are being given.
The Alumni of the Cumberland Valley State Normal School
have every reason to congratulate themselves on the fact that they
hail from an institution which has done and is now doing most
excellent work in the preparation of teachers for the public schools
of the state. In working for its success you are serving a school
which has steadily maintained its efficiency and. has striven con­
stantly to promote the interests ôf those who are entitled to its
fostering care.
Send the names and addresses of prospective students and
where possible give such particulars as will enable the Principal
to write to the persons intelligently. The new course of study
referred to elsewhere, will have the tendency to induce more than
the usual number of persons to attend Normal the coming Spring
Term. Help us all you can; we must have your co-operation if
we are to succeed in keeping the banner of the Cumberland Valley
State Normal School floating proudly as of yore.
cçp j

principal’s iReport to tbe State Department.
H A V E the honor to submit to the Department of Public In­
struction the twenty-eighth report of the Normal School of
the Seventh district. In obedience to the request of the
Superintendent of Public Instruction, the report is a brief history
of the school from its inception, instead of the usual report cov­
ering the history of the school for the past year only.

I

©rigin of tbe School.

In the beginning of the year 1870 an effort was made to estab­
lish a Normal School in the Seventh district, at Shippensburg,
Pa. Dr. Wickersham, Superintendent of Public Instruction,!
warmly aided the movement, and came to Shippensburg to ad­
dress the citizens in behalf of the enterprise. A committee, with
Mr. J. A . C. McCune as President and Mr. Samuel Kelso as Sec­
retary, was organized to canvass the town and community for
stock subscriptions. This committee performed its duties suc­
cessfully, and in a short time a sufficient amount of stock was

4

THE NORMAL, SCHOOL HERALD

subscribed to warrant an application for a charter. This charter
was obtained in April, 1870.
On May 31, 1871, amid imposing ceremonies, the cornerstone
of the main Normal School building was laid. The exercises
were conducted by the Grand Lodge of Free Masons of Pennsyl­
vania. Grand Master Robert A . Lamberton, afterward President
of Lehigh University, laid the cornerstone in accordance with the
usages of the Ancient Order A . Y . M. Dr. Wickersham, Super­
intendent of Public Instruction, and Gen. William McCandless,
first Secretary of Internal Affairs, made addresses. During the
months following the laying of the cornerstone the Trustees were
busy in constructing the new building. On November n , 1872,
Prof. Geo. P. Beard was elected first Principal of the State Nor­
mal School of the Seventh district. The institution had been
chartered under the name of the Cumberland Valley State Normal
School.
In February, 1873, the school was officially recognized as a
State Normal School, and on April 15, 1873, the school was
opened for the reception of students. The Trustees had made
extensive preparations for the inaugural ceremonies. Invitations
had been extended to many persons in this and adjoining states.
The exercises were held in the large chapel of the school, and at
one o’clock p. m. the program was begun. Rev. Joseph Mahon
made an impressive prayer, after which Dr. R. C. Hays, the Pres­
ident of the Board of Trustees, delivered an address commending
the interests of the institution to the Faculty and Trustees. The
Principal of the school, Prof. Geo. P. Beard, delivered a strong
address,: inviting all to co-operate and assist in building up the
new Normal School. Hon. John Haton, United States Commis­
sioner of Education, was the principal speaker of the day. He
spoke at length upon the growth of education in this country.
Hon. Henry Houck, Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruc­
tion, was present as the representative of the School Department.
He spoke of the favorable circumstances under which the new
school was starting, and in graphic language predicted for it a
brilliant and successful future. Senator Weakley, in well-chosen
remarks, closed the speeches for the day.

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

S

tTbe {Trustees.
The first Board of Trustees under this charter was elected in
May, 1870, and consisted of the following members : Hon. S. M.
Wherry, Hon. A . J. Miller, Dr. R. C. Hays, E. J. McCune, Esq.,
J. A . C. McCune, Esq., John A . Craig, G. R. Dykeman, William
Mell, R. C. Himes, C. E. Shade, T . P. Blair and John GraybillDr. R. C. Hays was made President of the Board, and J. A . C.
McCune, Secretary. J. H. Hubley was appointed Treasurer of
the school. Of this original Board of Trustees, five are now liv­
ing and seven are dead. Three of them, Messrs. E. J. McCune,
S. M. Wherry and G. R. Dykeman, are members of the present
Board of Trustees. Mr. Wherry is the present President of the
Board, and Mr. E. J. McCune is the Secretary. Mr. J. McCord
Means is the Treasurer of the school.
In the history of the school the Trustees have had many try­
ing experiences. There were times when individual members ot
the Board guaranteed the payment of many thousands of dollars
in order that the school property might not go under the sheriff’s
hammer. The school was started under a heavy debt, and some­
what extravagantly run during the first few years of its existence,
and when Rev. I. N. Hays was called to the principalship in the
summer of 1875 he found the school very much embarrassed
financially. In Rev. H ays’ first report'to the state he said : “ The
finances of the school were (in 1875) in so precarious a condition
as to threaten the very existence of the school.” During these
dark days the courage and loyalty of the friends of the school
never wavered, and by strenuous efforts on their part the school
was tided over this period of financial distress.
Mr. J. A . C. McCune was officially connected with the school
from its inception until the date of his death, April 14, 1895.
With the exception of one year, he was Secretary of the Board
during the first twelve years of the school’s existence. He re­
signed the secretaryship to become Treasurer of the institution,
which*position he held until his death. Mr. McCune was very
active in the organization of the school, and possibly did more
than any other man singly toward its establishment. His fidelity
to the interests of the institution continued throughout his entire
connection with it.
Mr. James McLean became a member of the Board in the sec-

8

THE NORMAE SCHOOL HER ALD

the clouds which overshadowed it in its earlier history have
entirely disappeared. Many improvements have been made in
the buildings, grounds and appliances of the school, ¿very de­
partment of the school has reached a high standard, and the
graduates of the school are deservedly popular with superintend­
ents and directors.
Gbe alum ni of tbe ScbooU

The success of every school must ultimately be tested by the
success of its graduates. When the Sb ippensburg Normal School
is measured by this final test there can be no doubt about the
grand work it has done for the teachers and the schools of the
state. The school has graduated in the Elementary Course i ,400
students; in the Regular Normal Course, 19 in the Scientific
Course, 4 ; and 14 persons have received Teachers’ State Certifi­
cates. The smallest class, numbering 10, was graduated in 1881,
and the largest class, numbering 120, was graduated in 1896.
Of the 1,400 persons who have graduated from the school, about
two-thirds are now teaching. And of the last five classes, more
than 90 per cent, are teaching or pursuing higher courses of training.
The professions of theology, law and medicine are adorned by
graduates of the Shippensburg Normal School, and some of the
highest positions in the teaching profession in the state are filled
by men and women who have received their Normal training at
Shippensburg. To the graduates of the Shippensburg Normal
School a debt of gratitude is due from the state, as well as from
the school, for the splendid work they have done for public educa­
tion. When the story of the effects which the educational insti­
tutions of the Commonwealth have wrought upon the progress
and enlightenment of the people in the Keystone State during the
last quarter of the nineteenth century is written, the Shippens­
burg Normal School will shine out brilliantly among the great
beacon lights of higher civilization in Pennsylvania. What the
record of the work of the Shippensburg graduates will be we can­
not tell, but we can safely congratulate ourselves on what they
have done.

THE NORMAL SCHOOL IHERALD

9

Cbe ©rowtb of tbe School.

There are various ways, in these modern days, of measuring
the success of a sch ool: the cost of. buildings, the number of
courses, the number of students, the size of the faculty, the fine­
ness of the athletic field, are all given out as indications of a pro­
gressive school. While all of these features combined would not
insure a first-class school, yet they all play a prominent part in
advertising an up-to-date institution.
In considering the growth of a school, therefore, these points
should have some consideration. There have been added to the
main building two other important buildings, a ladies’ dormitory
and a gymnasium. The main building has been remodeled so as
to harmonize more closely with the new buildings, and also to
increase its usefulness for school purposes. The campus has
been very much improved in appearance in recent years, and at
considerable expense. When we witness the increased attractive­
ness and beauty which the change has made, we regard the e x ­
penditure as a very wise one. It is safe to say that the improve­
ments made within the past seven years have doubled the cost of
the original buildings and grounds.
The Course of Study has been improved in the Normal Schools
by the addition of the Regular Normal Course, and by slight
changes which have been made in the Elementary Course. We
possibly have advanced more slowly in our courses of study than
we should have done for the best interests of the Normal School
system itself. To command the respect of our sister states, we
need a broader curriculum as a minimum course for graduation.
The number of students attending the Shippensburg Normal
School has been very much increased in recent years. The
smallest attendance of the school was in 1881-2, when the total
number in all departments was 195 ; in the Normal department
alone there were 162. The highest attendance of the school was
in 1895-6, when the total number in all departments was 521 ; in
the Normal department alone there were 430. It would undoubt­
edly add to the reputation and efficiency of the Normal School
of Pennsylvania if a maximum attendance were fixed for the sev­
eral Normal Schools of the state. I f the state would agree to pay
the tuition of the students who are preparing to teach, and limit
the number receiving state support at each school to three or four

6

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

ond year of the school’s history, and acted as President of the
Board from 1879 until his death, which occurred August 31, 1895.
Mr. McLean commanded the highest respect of his fellow-mem­
bers on the Board, and his ripe judgment and sincere devotion
to the interests of the school made him a very valuable officer of
the institution.
Mr. N. L. Dykeman became a member of the Board of Trus­
tees during the first year of the school’s existence, and remained
a member until his death. He was Treasurer of the school dur­
ing the year 1874-5, and President of the Board of Trustees in
1877-8. Mr. Dykeman was a very liberal contributor to the
school’s finances, and exerted himself actively in support of
various movements which were devised in the interest of. the in­
stitution. Mr. Dykeman was a member of the Board until his
death, which occurred February 9, 1880.
Much might truthfully be said in praise of the work done by
individual members of the Board who are now living, but as the
report must be brief we have confined our expressions of eulogy
to the dead, and have let the work of eulogizing the living to the
pen of a future chronicler.
Zbe School's principals.

As the first Principal, Prof. Geo. P. Beard, A . M., commenced
the work of the Normal School of the Seventh district. He was
elected the November previous to the opening of the school for
students, and came on at once and assumed charge of the school’s
interests. He traveled extensively throughout the district, visit­
ing schools, addressing educational meetings, speaking at county
institutes, and visiting the homes of many persons who were look­
ing forward to a Normal education. An able faculty was elected
to assist Prof. Beard in the new institution, and, when the doors
were swung open on the 15th day of April, 18731 fcu the recep­
tion of students, all signs pointed to a bright future for the new
Normal School.
Prof. Beard remained as Principal until the fall of 1875^ when
he was succeeded by the Rev. I. N. Hays, A . M. The school
was laboring under a severe financial strain when Rev. Hays
assumed charge.- The bright sky which hung over the cradle of
the new Normal School was by this time obscured by heavy
clouds. Rev. Hays took charge of the work with a determination

THE NORMAL, SCHOOL, HERALD

7

to succeed, and to his ripe judgment and persevering efforts the
school owes much of the credit due those who extricated the
school from the financial burdens which, at the beginning of his
administration, threatened the very life of the institution.
Rev. Hays remained in charge of the school for four years,
and was succeeded by Prof. B. S. Potter, A . M. Prof. Potter took
charge of the school in the fall of 1880. He was a gentleman of
fine scholarship and polished manners. The school, which had
a slim attendance when he took charge of it, remained small dur­
ing the two years of his principalship. This condition of affairs
was not due to any lack of ability on the part of Prof. Potter as
a teacher, for he was recognized by the students as an accurate
scholar and a good instructor. His lack of knowledge of the
schools and school men of the district was a disadvantage to him
in his efforts to increase the attendance of the school.
Prof. Potter, although unanimously re-elected, resigned the
principalship, and Prof. S. B. Heiges was elected to fill his place.
Prof. Heiges had numerous qualifications for the position for
which he had been chosen. He had had much experience in all
kinds of public school work, and having spent all his life in the
Cumberland Valley and the adjacent county of York, he was well
acquainted with the school men of the district. During his ad­
ministration the attendance was slightly increased, and the future
of the school assumed a somewhat brighter appearance.
A t the end of four years of service Prof. Heiges refused to be
a candidate for re-election, and in the summer of 1886 Prof. J. F.
McCreary, A . M., was elected to the position. Prof. McCreary
was a gentleman of refinement and culture, and he had had a broad
experience in public school teaching. Before his election as Prin­
cipal Prof. McCreary had filled the Chair of English Literature
and Rhetoric in the faculty of which he was now to become the
head. He was very popular with the students, and his election
was received with great favor by them. During his administra­
tion the work of the school moved along smoothly and pleasantly,
and there was a gradual increase in the attendance. On account
of ill-health Prof. McCreary was compelled to resign during the
Spring Term of the third year of his principalship.
Prof. McCreary was succeeded in the principalship by the pres­
ent incumbent May 1, 1889. During the administration of the
present Principal, the school has been uniformly prosperous, and

10

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

hundred, the standard of the schools could be greatly raised, and
the struggle for patronage very much lessened.
We have endeavored at Shippensburg to keep our classes
within a reasonable limit in point of numbers, and the increase
in attendance has always been accompanied by a corresponding
increase in the size of the faculty. The greatest weakness of
many large Normal Schools in the country to-day is that they are
trying to teach elementary subjects by the lecture method. The
foundations of education can never be solidly laid by this method
of instruction.
In athletics the Shippensburg Normal School has been con­
servative in its growth. Considering the length of time our
students remain with us, our football teams and baseball teams
have made a very creditable showing in their contests with other
School teams of their class. W e have a fine gymnasium, and in
the physical culture work of the school we have kept abreast
with the latest advances in this department of education.
We have laid special stress on our Method and Model School
work, and I doubt very much if any other Normal School in the
state devotes more time or gives better advantages to its Senior
classes than Shippensburg does in this line of work, and we feel
' a reasonable pride in knowing that a Shippensburg graduate can
be recognized to-day by the manner and method of his teaching.
In the Academic work of the school we have greatly raised
the standard in recent years, and the students of the Shippensburg
Normal School are known by the accuracy of their scholarship
as well as by their skill in teaching. Much more might be said
in exemplification of the claim we have made in reference to rais­
ing the standard of scholarship, but time and space will not per­
mit, and we must content ourselves with the general statements
we have already made in regard to our growth in this direction.
In reviewing the history of the Shippensburg Normal School
we have endeavored to be modest in the statements made con­
cerning the growth and improvement in the work of the school.
While we have no reason to blush when the school’s record from
its beginning is presented to us, yet we are fully aware of the fact
that much remains to be done if the Normal School of the Cum­
berland Valley is to maintain in the future its present standing
among the Normal Schools of the Commonwealth.
We are confident of the fact that we have made great advances

t h e n o r m a l sch o o l h e r a l d

11

in the past, yet when we turn our eyes to the future we see there
a picture illustrative of greater achievements and higher attain­
ments than we have been able to boast of in the years whose his­
tory we have just briefly told. Invoking the blessing of God upon
the work of all who have striven to promote the welfare of the
Shippensburg Normal School, and asking His guidance in the
direction of all its affairs in the future, we stand ready to meet the
issues which the new century will soon thrust upon us.
Sincerely yours,
G. M. D. E c k els , Principal.

Vs

Blumni personals.
F the members of 1900 not located in the October issue, Mr.
Harry Brown is teaching near his home at Mt. Jewett,
McKean county, and Mr. Chas. Sweigartin Paxton town­
ship, Dauphin county; Mr. R. M. Yost is in the employ of the
Census Bureau at Washington D. C.; Mr. Percy Holler is reported
to be located at Pittsburg; Miss Lulu Morris is spending the winter
at home; also, presumably, Miss Bessie Cadwallader, Miss Jennie
Hoch and Miss Rebecca Gleim. This, together with the article
in the October H e r a l d , makes a practically complete record of
the last graduating class.
Mr. Joseph Booz, ’99, is teaching in Dickinson township,
Cumberland county.
Mr. Hi C. Lowe, ’97, is in the U. S. Census Service at Pitts­
burg.
Mr. H. F. Slagle, ’96, is teaching in Penn township, York
county.
Mr. H. S. Plank, ’97, is in the U. S. Railway Mail Service
with headquarters at Harrisburg.
Mr. Warren Martin, ’98, is teaching the Grammar School at
West Fairview, Pa.
Mr. Geo. R. Traxler, ’93, has returned from Tennessee and
is again teaching in Pennsylvania— in North Middleton township,
Cumberland county.

O

12

THE NORMAL, SCHOOL HERALD

Out of a total of about two hundred and eighty teachers in
Cumberland county, one hundred and twenty are graduates of our
school and thirty four others have been in attendance.
Mr. F. P. Starry, ’96, is traveling for Dodd, Mead & Co., pub­
lishers, of New York City.
Miss Melva Wierman, ’98, is teaching in Menallen township,
Adams county, and Miss Lola F . Wierman, ’96, in Tyrone town­
ship, the same county.
Miss Marietta Menear, ’00, and Miss Ida Crist, ’00, are em­
ployed in Flcock’s dry goods store at Mechanicsburg.
On the list of teachers in the progressive borough of Steelton
we find the names of twelve Shippensburg graduates.
Miss Carrie F . Walker, ’87, is teaching at Cornwall, Lebanon
county.
Hon. Robert L- Meyers, ’85, was re-elected to the Legislature
at the November election. He represents Cumberland county.
His colleague, Fdgar S. Manning, was also re-elected. Mr.
Manning was at one time a student at Shippensburg. Mr. S. W.
Kirk, ’90, was chosen a member of the Legislature to represent
Fulton county.
Mr. N. Ort Fckels, ’97, at the examination recently held in
Philadelphia secured a certificate as Qualified Assistant Pharma­
cist.
Mr. Geo. W . Baker, ’92, has resigned the principalship of the
Spring Grove High School, York county, to accept a position at
Houtzdale, Pa., at a salary of $90.00 a month.
Miss Nellie Nickles, ’99, has been elected teacher of music
and assistant in the High School at Yardley, Bucks County. Miss
Nickles was in the Senior class at Irving College when she received
the appointment at Yardley.
Miss Nan Johnston, ’97, recently returned to her home at
Shippensburg after a six months’ visit with her brother at Denver,
Colorado. Miss Johnson acquired residence in Colorado by being
there six months and as women have the right of suffrage in that
state she enjoyed an experience unusual for an eastern girl— that
of voting for president of the United States.

THE NORMAL, SCHOOL, HERALD

13

A t the divisional examinations for the grading of the Fresh­
man class at Princeton University, Mr. Melvin J. Cook, ’94, made
first group both in mathematics and classics.
Miss Minnie G. Harmony, ’99, is teaching an ad van ce grade
in the public schools of Wolfsburg, Bedford county, Pa.
Miss Elizabeth McElheney, ’98, is teaching in Conewago
township, Adams county.
Mr. L- A . Diller, ’96, has resigned his school to accept per­
manent employment with the Carlisle Traction Company.
Mr. E. C. Detweiler, ’99, is teaching at Petersburg, Hunting­
don county.
Mr. C. M. Earisman, 97, is again teaching at Middletown, Pa.

M a r r ia g e s .
DWARDS— M c C u n e .— AtShippensburg, Pa., Nov. 14th., Mr.

n

Eugene Edwards, of Chicago,
McCune, ’91.

to Miss Elizabeth C.

R i t t e r — L e h m a n .— Thursday evening, October 25th, at
Shippensburg, Dr. Albert T . Ritter, of Loysville, Pa., to Miss
Anna M. Lehman, ’95.
M a r t in — S t r o h m .— A t Shippensburg, November 29th, Mr.
John I. Martin, ’96, of Newville, to Miss Mary R. Strohm.
T r e h e r — B r e c k e n r id g e .— A t Harrisburg, November 15th,
Prof. H . Henry Treher, ’77, of Buffalo, N. Y ., to Mrs. Lucy B.
Breckenridge, of Shippensburg.
S k in n e r — G a b l e .— Ä t Chambersburg, P a„ November 28th,
Harry W . Skinner and Miss Frances L . Gable, '96.
M il l e r — H a r n is h .— A t Willow Springs, November 1st, A .
A . Miller, J r ., ’94, and Miss Jessie L- Harnish, both of Mason &
Dixon.
E c k e l s — R oop .— A t Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 20th, Mr. Geo.
H . Eckels, ’91, of the Normal School Faculty, and Miss Nette B .
Roop, ’96.

14

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

©bituary.
Xillte M atters (©teseg). '01, Diet» movember t, 1000.

H E death of Mrs. Giesey occurred at her home in Shrews­
bury, Pa., on the date mentioned above. She was the
daughter of Mr. H. C. Walters, of Shippensburg. After
her graduation frofn the Normal she taught for eight years in the
schools of Cumberland, Franklin, Bucks, and York counties. In
the spring of 1899 she was married to Mr. Samuel Giesey, a
brother of Mable Geisey (Towson) and of Maggie Giesey (Heathcote) of the class of ’91. Mrs. Geisey was a woman of sterling
worth. Her cheerful disposition and courteous manners endeared
her to all who knew her at Normal and elsewhere.
To her husband, father, brothers and sister the H e r a l d wishes
to extend on behalf of the School, the sincerest sympathy in their
bereavement.

■

Christianity in Contact witb IRoman paganism.
N contrasting the decay of Roman education with the rise of
Christian education it becomes necessary to consider three
distinct epochs of Roman history: (1) the reign of Augustus
Caesar, whose liberal patronage of letters and art made this a most
splendid literary period; (2) the reign of Nero, whose cruel per­
secutions initiated the conflict between Christianity and Roman
Paganism; (3) the triumph of Christianity in the reigns of Con­
stantine and Theodosius. To survey these five centuries of his­
tory, to inquire into the prevailing conditions of each period, to
note the transition from the one to the other— the downfall and the
uplift— to discover the factors tributary to, and dominant in, the
transition, is a task not easily accomplished in a few short para­
graphs.
The Greek civilization presents higher ideals than the Roman.
Harmony, beauty, culture and discipline are some of its leading
conceptions. The Greeks were a contemplative people. Their best
and highest life was the life of reason in its search for truth; their
moral culture had its basis in their love for the beautiful; and life
had an ethical end. On this account Christianity and the Greek

I

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

IS

culture easily harmonized. There were sincere and thoughtful
inquiries concerning “ this new doctrine” rather than bitter per­
secution of its advocates.
Power,, justice, citizenship and utility are some of the concep­
tions of Roman civilization. Here the study of the beautiful was
merely an aesthetic amusement. The Roman was not contempla­
tive; he was practical and delighted in power rather than in beauty.
He loved the real more than the ideal. He dealt in facts rather
than in speculation. Conquest was his ideal— to be and continue
a Roman citizen. He, therefore, trained for war, and the gory
sights of the amphitheater were calculated to inure the soldier to
the slaughter of the battlefield. Whatever may be said of the
literature of the reign of Augustus, this remains : no writer held
out a worthy ideal as the end and aim of human life. A super­
stitious paganism, a selfish materialism— these are the obstacles
with which Christian education had to contend as it spread through
the Roman dominions.
Gibbon says, “ In all the cities of the Roman world the edu­
cation of the youth was entrusted to masters of grammar and
rhetoric, who were elected by the magistrates, maintained at pub­
lic expense, and distinguished by many lucrative and honorable
privileges.”
The distinguished historian surely speaks of the
later period of the Western Empire, for, as a matter of fact, under
the republic there were no public schools in Rome. Education
was not considered a dutj’- of the state. Unlike Sparta Rome did
not regulate the education of her citizens until after she had come
to feel the influence of Greece. During this primitive period
education was restricted to the family circle. Under Greek in­
fluence the professional teacher appeared; under Christian in­
fluence, the priest.
In the domestic circle the mother was the guardian and teacher
of her boy. As soon as he could pass from her immediate care,
his education was directed by a pedagogue (frequently a Greek
slave), who led his pupil through the shops and booths of the
town.
His strictly literary training divided itself into three
parts and was successfully directed by a literator, a granimalista,
and a rhetor. The first part consisted of the study of reading,
writing, proverbs, and arithmetic for counting and effecting busi­
ness transactions; the second included language, grammar and
composition; the third continued these last studies under the in-

16

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

struction of some rhetorician or poet. This was, in reality, a
course in rhetoric and oratory with the mastery of the art of
public speaking in view, an indispensible accomplishment to every
Roman citizen who hoped to take an active part in the affairs of
state. With this same object in mind the sons of the nobility
often went to foreign cities to complete their education. Roman
education was thus largely a private affair. The interest of the
state did not extend beyond the education of “ soldiers and citi­
zens who should be obedient and devoted.”
A t the height of her power Rome comprehended the accumu­
lated wisdom of the times. Besides, she was mistress of southern
and western Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. From
this exalted position she declined and fell till there was “ none so
poor as to do her reverence.” The approach of that fatal day
was foretold by the augurs, who interpreted a vision of twelve
vultures to mean twelve centuries for the city’s existence. This
was a decree of the gods, piously accepted and superstitiously
believed. In later days, however, were found “ clearer omens
than the flight of vultures.” Rome fell a prey to barbarian hosts
because the “ constant decline in population” made it impossible
to recruit the army with native soldiers. The poor were oppressed
and enslaved by exorbitant taxes. Extravagance at the capital
wrought its enervating effect on the nobles. The development of
these points of weakness doomed the empire.
Parallel to this political decline was a literary decline. While
the army was waging successful war and extending the frontiers
of the empire, it was an easy matter for poets and orators to sound
the praises o f Roman valor; defeats gave less happy and less
popular themes. In the idle monotony of peace the soldier lost
his bodily vigor; the poet dedicated his verses to Bacchus ; elo­
quence was silent in the Forum. “ The voice of poetry was
silent. History was reduced to dry and confused abridgments-,
alike destitute of amusement and instruction. A languid and af­
fected eloquence was still retained in the pay and service of the
emperors, who encouraged not any arts except those which con­
tributed to the gratification of their pride or of the defense of
their power.”
The life of the Roman Empire might have been prolonged but
for the zeal and aggressiveness of the apostles of Christianity. It
will be remembered that Rome had absorbed and preserved from

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

17

other religions their chief tenets. Syria, Persia, Egypt, Greece—
all made their contributions to this pantheism, to whose deities
an intensely religious people addressed their devotions in the vain
hope that their piety and prayers might avert the impending calam­
ity. A t this point the weakness of Roman paganism became ap­
parent. It would not stand the test of distress and men were
willing to accept a new doctrine, no matter what it was, or by
whom announced.
Christianity regards all other religions as heathen. Conse­
quently it could not meet Roman paganism with that toleration
which Rome had so willingly granted all other forms of worship.
Nor could Christianity accept from the Roman state a toleration
which prevented its making converts among the Romans— a toler­
ation conditioned upon an offer of sacrifices to the Roman deities.
Moreover the exclusive organization of the Christian church ex­
cited the fear and hatred of the emperors. Rome became intoler-1
a n t; Christianity remained uncompromising, and disdained to
make conditions with the enemy, whom it was resolved to van­
quish. Persecution came but Christianity completely disarmed
its adversary by utilizing philosophy and learning as a means of
illustrating its truths. Wherever Christianity came in contact
with pagan culture it was made to serve the ends of the new re­
ligion, the winning of souls.
Among the early Christians this attitude was wholly wanting.
They had an utter abhorrence for every form of idolatry. “ Thou
shalt have no other gods before me” was strictly kept. Any act,
whether it be the raising of sheep or the planting of corn, which,
in the remotest degree, promoted the worship of gods other than
the true God, was idolatrous. In this account the early Chris­
tians were reluctant to attend the schools of either Greece or
Rome and were slow to take part in the administration of civil
affairs. Because of its unity and discipline the Christian church
was rather an independent state growing in the heart of the
Roman Empire. The following paragraph from Mullinger’s
“ Schools of Constantine The G reat” bears upon this point:
“ Refrain from all the writings of the heathen, for what hast thou
to do with strange discourses, laws, or false prophets, which in
truth turn aside from the faith those who are weak in understand­
ing ? For wilt thou explore history ? Thou hast the book of the
Kings. Or, seekest thou for wisdom and eloquence ? Thou hast

18

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

the Prophets, Job, and the Book of Proverbs, wherein thon shalt
find, more perfect knowledge of all eloquence and wisdom, for
they are the voice of the Lord, the only wise God. Or, dost thou
long for tuneful strains ? Thou hast the Psalms. Or, to explore
the origin of things ? Thou hast the excellent law of the Lord
God. Therefore abstain scrupulously from all strange and devilish
books.” Little by little the church came to accept truth where
ever it was found till it completely usurped the function of the
school. In self-defense it had appropriated the weapons of its
enemies.
About the middle of the first century of the Christian Era
Alexandria was, from the scholar’s point of view, the chief of all
the cities then under Roman rule. Here all nations met in traffic;
all tongues were spoken in its streets. The fame of this city’s
learning exceeded the fame of its wealth. Its library and
university made it an educational centre— a typical city in which
to study the rise and progress of Christian education. Here we
are sufficiently removed from the politics of the capital to observe
the spiritual and intellectual aspects of the struggle.
In the sixtieth year of the Christian Era St. Mark carried
Christianity to Alexandria, Antioch and Rome, having previously
received the gospel message. The Apostle was entertained by
Anianus, a cobbler and a man of some learning. To him St.
Mark expounded the Scriptures, and in him witnessed the first
fruits of Christian education in Alexandria.
Thus encouraged he continued to teach. He surrounded his
see with learned men, and became the founder of a catechetical*
school, which could boast of little more than a bare existence till
the end of the second century of the Christian Era, when it at­
tained considerable prominence. To the learning of Alexandria
St. Mark contributed The Gospels, The Creed, The Liturgy and
The Ecclesiastical Chant. These were the first class-books of
the early Christian schools.
It has been stated that Christian education absorbed into its
system all the learning that would serve its end. This had the
effect of giving the Christian schools an attractiveness to Gentile
and Pagan students, and made it necessary to multiply schools
* Catechetical schools gave religious instruction to such as had come under the care
of the church intending to accept the faith. At the end of two years candidates were
baptized. Episcopal schools trained candidates for the clergy.

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

19

and teachers. The ancient learning had become elevated and en­
nobled by its union with the new faith, until it was possible for
Christians to gain a livelihood by teaching grammar and profane
letters. In addition to these, early in the third century we find
them teaching the arts, philosophy and biblical languages. The
reign of Theodosius saw Christian schools securely established in
the Roman dominions. From that date there was little instruc­
tion, except that given in ecclesiastical schools under the sanc­
tion of the church.
—W. M. RIFE, ’ 91.

Ube Societies.
Borm al.
(Reported by N. N. A r n o l d , *01.)

H E officers at present serving for the society are Mr. Edward
I. Cook, President; Mr. Geo. M. Briner, Vice-President;
Miss Mame Shockey, Secretary; Miss Maud Zerfoss, Critic ; Miss
Nettie Dicks, Librarian; Mr. John D. Coldsmith, Treasurer.
The plan for the Normal Anniversary has been changed. In­
stead of employing an entertainer and charging admission, as
heretofore, the society has decided to have the anniversary exer­
cises conducted by its present members and Normal members of
the Alumni. Admission will be by card.
The publication of the annual, The Normal Gazette, has been
discontinued.

© bilo.
(Reported by E l i z a b e t h B r a n y a n , ’01. )

It is probable that the program for this year’s reunion will
contain the names only of Philos— either active members or
graduates of the school who formerly belonged to the society.
Definite arrangements for this important occasion have not yet
been completed.
The officers of the society at present are as follows : Presi­
dent, Mr. G. E. W ineman; Vice-President, Mr. J. E. Barrick ;
Secretary, Miss Velva Gettel; Treasurer, Mr. J. A . Mills.
Philo’s regular meeting on Friday evening, December 5th,

¿0

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

was made especially interesting by the presence of a number of
Philo members of the Alumni, who had come from the institutes
of Cumberland and Adams counties. Among these were Mr. E.
H. Hanlin, ’99; Mr. J. E. Klepper, ’99; Mr. J. R. Fogelsanger,
’99; Mr. J. E. McCullough, ’00, and Miss Ellen Blessley, ’00.

Ube Christian associations.
R ep orted b y M is s S u s a n F i c k e s . ’ 00, and M r . G e o . S h a n k , ’00.

H E Y . W . C. A . has added this year three monthly maga­
zines to its literature. It is also doing some missionary
work for the benefit of the World’s Y . W . C. A . Special
meetings were held during the week of prayer and on Thanksgiv­
ing morning a “ thanksgiving service’’ was held at 7:00 a. m.
The Y . M. C. A . District Convention was held at Mechanicsburg, November 2-4. The attendance was very good and great
interest was manifested. Our school was represented at the con­
vention by four delegates, Mr. Geo. A . Shank, President of our
Association, Mr. J. E. Barrick, Mr. J. A . Mills and Mr. M. A .
Hoff.
The week of prayer for schools was observed by the Y . M. C.
A . Many of the students showed by their presence and by taking
part in the different meetings that they were interested in the
work. The attendance at the regular meetings of the Association
seems to be better than in any previous year.

■

The President and Secretary of the Y . W . C. A ., Miss Susan
Fickes and Miss Lydia Detweiler, and Miss Horton of the Faculty,
were sent as delegates to the Convention held at Reading October
25-28. Many helpful talks were given at the convention but
none more helpful or enjoyable than those of Margaret E. Sangster, the well known poetess.

Pat— “ Do you believe in dreams, Moike? ”
Mike— “ Faith an’ I do ; last night I dreamt I was awake, an’
in the morning my dream kum true.’ ’— E x .

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

21

about tbe Scbool.
H E Winter Term opened Monday, December 31st. A larger
number of new students- is in attendance than usual. The
school authorities are much pleased with the percentage
of increase in the number of students for the year.
During the institute season our teachers were prominent as
instructors in many of the counties of the state. Dr. Eckels at­
tended the sessions in Dauphin, Eebanon, York, Mifflin, Perry,
Franklin, Cumberland and Blair counties; Dr. Barton in Adams,
Snyder, Fulton and Franklin; Prof. Chas. Barton in Fulton.
Dr. Eckels and Prof. Drum made addresses,at the local institute
held in Shippensburg on November 30th. Miss Fitch recited and
Miss Weaver played several piano solos at a local institute at
Dillsburg, Pa.

T

The foot ball season was somewhat of a disappointment this
year, the more so because we have been having very good teams
for the last five years or more. After several practice games be­
tween the Senior and Junior classes, which were very evenly
contested, a school team was at last organized late in the season,
and, after a very little practice, a game was played with the
Scotland Industrial School resulting in a defeat by the score, 20
— o. No more games were played, partly because of the discour­
aging showing in this game, principally because it was difficult to
secure games with teams near Shippensburg. The most encour­
aging feature of the season is that a number of Junior players have
partly learned the game and will be useful to us in the future.
The old athletic grounds, popularly known as the Himes
Field, can no longer be secured by the school, as the owner has
had it ploughed up and intends to keep it under cultivation. It
is not yet known what grounds will be secured for our baseball
team in the spring, but doubtless the trustees will provide a suit­
able field. It is earnestly hoped that this misfortune may lead to
our having a permanent, enclosed athletic field— a thing we very
much need.
Mr. Walter I. Ricker, who secured a state certificate at Ship­
pensburg in ’99, is on the faculty of the Huntingdon High School.
Mr. W. M. Gray, of the Senior class, has been compelled to
give up his course for the present on account of sickness.

22

THE} NORMAL, SCHOOL, HE}RAL,D

The boys of both the Senior and Junior classes have adopted
class caps. The caps are blue with the class numerals, 1901 and
1902 in red, and are very nobby.
The Hallow-e’eu sociable was held as usual the Saturday be­
fore All-Saints’ Day. The dining room was decorated with jacko’-lanterns and apples containing your fortune on a slip of paper
were strung about the room on strings. On assembling the stu­
dents were terribly frightened (?) by several ghosts that had pre­
empted the hall. The usual taffy was pulled, the usual Virginia
reel was danced, the usual Bingo was played, ending up with the
usual cake-walk, and the usual good time was had by all.
Thanksgiving Day was very quietly spent at Normal. Mr.
Miller, our popular steward, provided a most excellent dinner
and had the dining-room nicely decorated with Japanese lanterns
and plants of various kinds.
The grading of the lower part of the main campus spoken of
in the October issue has been completed and the appearance of
the grounds has been still further improved thereby. The borders
of the newly graded parts have been sodded and a summer or two
will see a beautiful carpet of green over the entire campus, which
even now is one of the most attractive in the state.
In order that the Seniors may have more time to devote to the
academic studies of the course the dictation work in methods
under Miss McBride, Miss Burns and Miss Clark has been con­
siderably reduced. The preparation of herbariums by the Seniors
during the Spring Term will also be discontinued.
The Senior class finished the subject of rhetoric during the
Fall Term and is now taking up general literature and the reading
of classics. The Juniors have finished the subject of physiology.
The Senior class has adopted royal purple and gold for class
colors. Class pins have also been adopted and will shortly make
their appearance.

Billy— “ Where are you goin’ , Johnny? ”
Johnny— “ A in ’t goin’ nowhere.”
Billy— “ But you must be goin’ somewhere.”
Johnny— “ No I ain’t, I am cornin’ back.” — E x.

...t h e ...

N ormal S chool H erald .
P u b l is h e d O c t o b e r , J a n u a r y , A p r i l
S h ip p e n s b u r g , P a .

and

Ju l y .

EDITORS.
G e o r g e H . E c k e l s , ’ 91
M . E . D r u m , ’ 96.
A d a V. H o r t o n , ’88, Personal Editor.
C h a s . E. B a r t o n , ’91, Business Manager.

Subscription price 25 cents per year strictly in advance. Single copies ten cents
each.
Address all communications to T h e N o r m a l S c h o o l H e r a l d , Shippensburg, Pa.
Alumni and former members of the school will favor us by sending any items that
they may think would be interesting for publicàtion.
Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office, Shippensburg, Pa.

JANUARY, 1901.

E d it o r ia l.
Vibe principal's IReport.

R. E C K E L S ’ report to the Superintendent of Public Instruc­
tion is published in this issue, because it is believed it will
be of no little interest to Shippensburg graduates. Unlike the
usual yearly report,-this one furnishes a complete, though not de­
tailed, history of the school.

D

Cbe IRew Course.

H E article in the October H e r a l d , on the importance of
higher education to the Normal School graduate, in the
light of the subsequent action of the Normal School Principals
making the course of study three years instead of two, was very
timely, and we are very glad that Shippensburg was in the van­
guard of this movement toward a longer course. An article in
this number is devoted to a description of the new course and its
workings. We recommend to all graduates and prospective
students the reading or re-reading, as the case may be, of the
paper in the October issue referred to above. I f you are a
graduate, and have not had a higher course, make up your mind
to come back to Shippensburg and get the extra year’s work ; if
an undergraduate, rejoice that you are privileged to secure a

■

24

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

diploma that will put you on an equality with the college graduate
in obtaining advanced high-school positions. The introduction
of this new course may work some hardships at first, but of its
ultimate success and efficiency we make no doubt.

21 ©lea tot 2ltbletics.
H ERE are four basal requirements of health— sunlight,
oxygen, food and exercise. Compared with our earliest
ancestors, we to-day have clearly less of the first two require­
ments, and no improvement can be hoped for in this respect.
The necessity and custom of clothing almost the entire body, the
indoor life, especially of the student, and our crowded towns and
cities, have brought us to the condition of not having sufficient
sunlight and oxygen to insure good health. In general, we have
the third requirement in sufficient quantity and quality. The
danger here lies in the other direction. As a rule, we are inclined
toward overeating. Surely our hopes for health are dependent,
then, on a large amount of the last requirement— exercise. Exer­
cise quickens the action of the heart, which sends forth larger
quantities of pure blood to the tissues of the body, removing the
worn-out cells and building up new ones in their stead. This
last process is health itself.
Granting the necessity of exercise, how shall the student, and,
to bring the question closer home, how shall the Shippensburg
student get this all-important exercise ? A student needs a
strong incentive to exercise. A t the close of his day’s work he
is tired out and languid, indisposed to exert himself physically,
unless powerfully urged. Persuasion sufficiently strong can come
only from athletics, in which there is at least some degree of
rivalry and resultant excitement.
Few schools have better gymnasiums than the Shippensburg
N orm al; so that partly solves the question of exercise for our
students. But in the fall and spring we need outdoor exercise,
and for this a well laid-out athletic field is absolutely essential.
An enclosed field is necessary, from a financial standpoint, and
gives freedom from outside interference, which is a “ consumma­
tion devoutly to be wished ” at Shippensburg.
It is well understood that the Trustees of our school have
made several efforts in this direction, and that their failure has

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

25

been through no fault of their own. But the loss of the Himes
field, seemingly the only available place for-athletics at present
(and it was not ideal), brings the matter of a permanent field
again forcibly to our attention. Knowing that the Board of Trus­
tees has the interest of the school and its students at heart, we be­
lieve that the Normal Athletic Field is a thing of the near future.

Courses of Stuby for Pennsylvania State iRormal
Schools as iRevisefc by tbe principals at tbeir
Bnnual flDeetlng, movernber 8, 1900.
Course.

(Studies marked with a star (*) are to be reviewed in Senior
Year.)

Junior ffiear.
Pedagogics— School Management.
Language— English Grammar,* Reading and Orthography,
Latin to Csesar.
Mathematics— Arithmetic,* Algebra.
Natural Science— Physiology, Botany.
Historical Science— Geography,* U. S. History,* Civil'Govern­
ment of the United States and Pennsylvania.
Arts— Penmanship (an approved system, with a fair hand­
writing,) Drawing (daily lessons for at least 20 weeks), Vocal
Music (elementary principles and daily exercises for at least 10
weeks), Bookkeeping (single entry, with a knowledge of common
business papers.)
Physical Culture.

dBtoble iear.

Pedagogics— Psychology, Methods of Teaching.
Language— Rhetoric and Composition, with elocutionary ex­
ercises ; three books of Csesar.
Mathematics— Plane and Solid Geometry.
Natural Science— Elements of Chemistry, Elements of Zoology,
Elements of Geology.
Historical Science— General History.
Arts— Manual Training.
Physical Culture.

26

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD
Senior ©ear.

Pedagogics— History of Education, Methods of Teaching,
Practice of Teaching in Model School (at least 20 weeks, fortyfive minutes daily), Thesis.
Language— Literature and Classics, three Orations of Cicero,
three Books of Virgil, review English Grammar.
Mathematics— Plane Trigonometry and Surveying, review
Arithmetic.
Natural Science— Physics, review Geography.
Historical Science— Review U. S. History.
Physical Culture.
Substitutions

The following substitutions may be made :
*
Middle Year— Chemistry and Astronomy for Latin ; Greek,
German or French for Chemistry and Solid Geometry.
Senior Year— English History, Ethics and Logic for Latin ;
Greek, German or French for Trigonometry and Surveying.
Supplementary Course.

(In addition to the Normal Course.)
Leading to the Degree o f Bachelor of Pedagogics.
Philosophy of Education, Advanced Psychology.
Discussion of Educational Questions: School Supervision,
including School Law ; Devices for Teaching; Educational
Theories, etc.
School Apparatus and Appliances : Description, use, peparation.
Leading to the Degree of Master of Pedagogics.
Two years’ teaching after graduation in the Normal Course.
Professional Reading, with abstracts : History of Education
in the United States (Boone), European Schools (Klemm), Sys­
tems of Education (Parsons).
Sanitary Science, School Architecture, etc.
Thesis.
A full equivalent will be accepted for any of the text-books
named above. The courses in reading and classics for all the
courses shall be determined by the Board of Principals at their
annual meeting, and shall be the same for all normal schools.

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

KMes for jFlnal Examinations, Hbmission to tbe
/flMbble anb Senior Classes, Etc.
(For all the Normal Schools of Pennsylvania.)

1 . Admission to the Senior and Middle classes shall be deter­
mined by the State Board of Examiners at the annual examination
by the Board.
2. In order to be admitted to the Middle class at any State
Normal School, persons must be examined by the State Board in
all the Junior studies, except English Grammar, Arithmetic,
Geography and United States History, and this examination shall
be final. No substitutions or conditions shall be allowed for any
of the studies required for admission to the Middle class.
3. In order to be admitted to the Senior class, students must
be examined by the State Board in all the Middle year studies,
except Methods, and this examination shall be final. No substi­
tutions or conditions shall be allowed for any of the studies re­
quired for admission to the Senior class, except the substitutions
mentioned above.
4. If the Faculty of any State Normal School or the State
Board of Examiners decide that a person is not prepared to pass
an examination by the State Board, he shall not be admitted to
the same examination at any other State Normal School during
the same school year.
5. I f a person who has completed the examination required
for admission to the Middle or Senior class at any State Normal
School desires to enter another Normal School, the Principal of
the school at which the examination was held shall send the
proper certificate to the Principal of the school which the person
desires to attend. Except for the reason here stated, no certifi­
cate setting forth the passing of the Junior or Middle year studies
shall be issued.
6. Persons who desire to be admitted to the Middle class with­
out having previously attended a State Normal School must pass
an examination by the Faculty and State Board of Examiners in
the academic studies of the Junior year (except the Senior review
studies), and Plain Geometry or the first book of Caesar, and must
complete SShool Management in the Middle year.
7. Persons who desire to be admitted to the Senior class with­
out having previously attended a State Normal School must pass

28

THS^ NORMAL, SCHOOL, HRRAHD

an examination by the Faculty and State Board of Examiners in
the academic studies of the entire course, except the review studies
of the Senior year; and must devote their time during the Senior
year to the professional studies of the course and the review
studies.
8. Candidates for graduation shall be examined by the State
Board in all the branches of the Senior year, including English
Grammar, Arithmetic, Geography and United States History.
They shall have the opportunity of being examined in any higher
branches, including vocal and instrumental music and double­
entry bookkeeping; and all studies completed by them shall be
named in their certificates.
9. Persons who have been graduated may be examined at any
State examination in any higher branches, and the Secretary of
the Board of Examiners shall certify on the back of their diplomas
to the passing of the branches completed at said examination.
10. A certificate, setting forth the proficiency of all applicants
in all the studies in which they desire to be examined by the State
Board of Examiners, shall be prepared and signed by the Faculty
and presented to the Board.
11. Graduates of State Normal Schools in the Normal Course
and graduates of accredited colleges may become candidates for the
degrees of Bachelor of Pedagogics and Master of Pedagogics. To
obtain these degrees, candidates must be examined by the Faculty
and the State Board upon the studies of the supplementary course.
Three years’ successful teaching in the public schools of the State
since graduation (or two years in the case of candidates who
taught in the Model School) will be required of all candidates
for the degree of Master of Pedagogics, in addition to the branches
of study indicated above.
12. Attendance at a State Normal School during the entire
Senior year will be required of all candidates for graduation; but
candidates for the Pedagogical degrees may prepare the required
work in absentia.

29

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD

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V

New Yorfc Clothing House
Clothing, Shoes, Hats and
Gents’ Furnishing Goods...
B. LEICHENSTEIN

13 E. Main St.

Shippensburg, Pa.

30

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD
“ College Bred Clothes for the College ^Mon*.
And the right sort o f ‘ Fixins’ he likes to put o n .”

KRONENBERQ
C L O T H IN G and
M EN S’ W EAR...
8 South Hanover St.

C A R L IS L E , PA.

C L A R E N C E J. R E D D IG
The Leading Dry Goods
Store of Shippensburg....
Dress Goods, Underwear, Hosiery, Corsets, Ladies’ Jackets
and Skirts, Men’ s Furnishings.

U. G . Hargleroad
Shippensburg’ s
Popular

Florist
Shade & Shulenberger
M ARBLE and
G R A N IT E ...
Shippensburg, Pa.

J. S. BURTSFIELD

Groceries
FRUITS AN D CANDY

THE NORMAE SCHOOL HERALD

31

THE CH A S. H. ELLIO TT C O .
IN CORPORATED

Salesroom: 1527 Chestnut Street
Works: S. E. C or. 17th Street and Lehigh Avenue
PH ILAD ELPH IA, PA.

C O M M E N C E M E N T IN V IT A T IO N S
A N D C L A S S D A Y P R O G R A M S .....

CLASS AN D FRATERNITY STATIONERY
Fraternity Cards and Visiting Cards
Book Plates

Menus and Dance Programs
Class Pins and Medals

Class Annuals and Artistic Printing
“COOP TOOLS DO GOOD WORK”

Dixon’s
American Graphite
Pencils
Are the

Every Style
Grade
and Finish

STANDARD
of America

Joseph Dixon Crucible Co.
F A C T O R Y A N M A IN O F F IC E S —J e r s e y C it y , N. J ,
P H I L A D E L P H IA S T O R E —1 0 2 0 A r c h S t,

32

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD.

Our INew Fall Goods...
Are now on display. We never had so many nice new Goods.
Endless variety of Dress Goods of every description, quality
and price. New Coats in light and dark colors. Cloth and
Plush Capes, Misses’ & Children’s Coats and Reefers in plain
and fancy colors. Blankets, Comfortables, Ladies’ Wrappers
from 69c to $1.50. French Flannels and Fancy Flannelettes
for waists. We can show you the, largest stock of Carpets,
Rugs, Druggets, Oil Cloths and Blinds in town. Our prices
are correct.

J. A. KELL

Tf)e Harrisburg Paper Co.
RO BERT

H. 3 W A R T 5

PRINTING AND WRAPPING PAPER
S T A T IO N E R Y , ETC.

i l l 3ootf) Second 3*reet,

HARRI^SLtRti, PA .

B O O K S, STA TIO N E RY , P E R IO D IC A L S
P R IN T IN G AN D E N G R A V IN G
P H O T O G R A P H IC SUPPLIES
AR T IST S’ M ATERIAL
W . A . L A V E R T Y , Su perin ten dent

329 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Fall Jewelry...
We extend a cordial invitation to the Faculty and students of
the Normal to call and see our new line of Fall Jewelry. Nor­
mal Souvenir spoons in stock. Special attention to repairing.

LEE FI. DEiHL, Jeweler
Shippensburg, Pa.