VOL. IV.

Mo. 3

...C l K ...

normal School
fierald
APRIL, 1900.

CONTENTS.
PAGE

Questions on Paradise Eost.......
The Degeneration of Satan.......
The Work of Alfred the Great...
Editorial............................................
O bitu ary...].,..............,................
Marriages .......................................

1
2
9
12

13
14

PAGE

The Societies..................................
The Christian Associations.......
Excursions........................................
Alumni Personals..........................
Eocals................................................
Exchanges ......................................

14
IS
16
17
18
22

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P u b l is h e d O c t o b e r , J a n u a r y , A p r i l
S h ip p e n s b u r g , P a .

V o i ,. IV .

A P R I k , 1900.

and

Ju l y .

N o. 3

Cfcuestions on parabise 3Lost (Boofts l anb 2).
r. During what years was Paradise Lost written ? When
was it published ?
2. Did Milton have any special object in writing the poem ?
3. What are Milton’s four great poetical works ?
4. With what day’s events does the poem open ?
5. Describe Satan’s appearance and condition as we first find
him.
6. W hy did not the Almighty keep Satan chained upon the
burning lake ?
7. Give an account of the conversation that takes place be­
tween Satan and Beelzebub.
8. Quote lines from Book i to show Satan’s size; (b) to in­
dicate the number of the fallen host.
9. Give the names of the principal fallen angels that assem­
bled at Satan’s call.
10. Who was Mammon ? Quote lines from the poem de­
scriptive of him.
11. Describe the building of Pandemonium.
12. Quote the first six lines of Book 2.
13. Give the substance of the four speeches that are found in
Book 2.
14. Whose speech shows the most tact ? (6) The most bold­
ness ? (c) The most hate ?
15. What plan is finally adopted ? (b) Who is sent forth to
accomplish it ?
16. How do the fallen angels spend their time during the
absence of their chief?
17. Note particularly Milton’s artistic power as shown in his
description of Sin and Death. Which i$ described the more
vaguely ? W hy ? Which is the more hideous ? What biblical

2

T H E N O R M A L SCH OO L H E R A L D .

conception of the relation of Sin and Death is embodied in Milton’s description ?
18. W hy did Sin unlock the gates for Satan ?
19. Quote the lines descriptive of the opening of the gates.
20. Give a description of Chaos.
, — E zra L eh m an .

R eprinted from January N um ber, 18 ç8 .

Ube Degeneration of Satan. — B Stnbg of parabise
Xost.
A T A N is the powerful, overshadowing character of the
Miltonian Epic. Students and critics may dispute his
position as the “ hero ” of the poem, but in the popular
mind he stands forth a 1‘ figure of gigantic strength and bold­
ness,” towering high in intellect, courage and strength above all
the fallen host. Even Gabriel and Michael, “ chiefest of heaven’s
hierarchy,” failed to subdue him in combat. It is God alone
who vanquishes him.
A noted critic has even said that ‘ ‘ the Muse to whom Milton
appealed, while propitious in most respects, nevertheless per­
mitted him to suffer the wrong of making a hero of the ArchEnemy of God and man.”
A cursory examination of the poem might seem to sanction
this view, but a more careful study of it, especially of those por­
tions wherein the character of Satan is portrayed, convinces us
that Milton did not lose his mental grasp of any of the actors of
his epic. To estimate properly the character of Satan, we must
see him as he was before his name was ‘ ‘ blotted out and erased
from the book of life,” and as he is when he, ‘ ‘a monstrous ser­
pent on his belly prone, hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. ’ ’
Both stages belong to the life of Satan.
We shall endeavor to show that Milton has succeeded in trac­
ing the gradual degeneration of the fallen angel weighed down by
ambition, pride and desire for revenge. We shall try to follow
the successive steps by which Satan descended from his former
high estate.
We find little to admire in Satan as we first find him stretched
on the burning lake'. He seems like some huge monster, whose

a

T H E N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

3

principal claim to notice is physical strength. We are told that
he “ lay floating many a rood,’’ and a little later comes the state­
ment that “ his spear to equal which the tallest pines, hewn on
Norwegian hills to be the mast of some great ammiral were but a
wandfehe walked with to support uneasy steps across the burn­
ing marie.”
This conception of Satan does not appeal to the reader of to­
day, when bulk and physical force, count for so little; but, to
Milton’s age, it meant supreme power. But it is scarcely neces­
sary for us to remember this, since we find our repugnance to­
ward Satan speedily disappearing as we listen to his words. We
think only of the mind of the apostate angel when he says :
“ W h at th ou gh the field be lost ?
A ll is n ot lost— the u nconqu erable w ill,
A n d study o f reven ge, im m ortal hate,
A n d cou rag e n ever to subm it o r y ie ld .”

As he continues, we are impressed with his pride, envy, re­
venge, obstinacy, despair and impenitence. We condemn him
because of these vices, but we find ourselves insensibly drawn to
him, because of his unconquerable will and his sympathy with
his followers, in whom he inspires hope.
But he to whom we attend is already a fallen angel. Once
his name was written on the pages of the “ book of life.” How
looked he when he stood the peer of Gabriel and Michael, by the
throne of God ? W e are not permitted to see him as he was
then, but Raphael tells Adam (Book V .) of the revolt in Heaven,
and from him we learn what Satan was before he rebelled against
the Most High.
The Father had proclaimed the Son Lord of all, and the angels
had rejoiced at the Father’s choice and worshiped the Son. But
there was one, “ of the first, if not the first Arch-angel, great in
power, in favor and pre-eminence— could not bear, through pride,
that sight, and thought himself impaired.” He speaks to the
most intimate of his companions, and discloses his wounded pride
and desire for revenge. After he has received the encourage­
ment he desires, he sets forth his plan of revolt to his assembled
followers. We view him as he sat on “ his royal seat, high on a
hill, far blazing as a mount raised on a mount.” In the course
of his speech he avows his equality with God, and summons all
the host to raise the standard of revolt. It is a sad but striking

4

T H E N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

tribute to the power of Satan— perhaps then called Lucifer that
all save one obey the call.
In Book V I. the two armies are shown. So glorious does
Satan appear, that the faithful Abdiel is led to exclaim : “ Oh
Heaven, that such resemblance of the Highest should yet remain,
where faith and fealty remain not.” When battle is given, Satan
leads his forces bravely on. He is easily first of the rebellious
army, and drives back those faithful angels who advance against
him.
Finally, Michael and Satan meet. It is a contest of giants
then. For awhile the issue seems doubtful. “ But the sword of
M ic h a e l, from , the armory of God, was given him tempered so
that neither keen nor solid might resist that edge.
Thus armed,
Michael wounded Satan, who then ‘ 1 first knew pain. ’ ’ The fol­
lowers of Satan, seeing their chief wounded, pressed forward and
bore him off the field, gnashing with pain, rage and mortification
that-he had not proven himself inv'incible.
But Satan did not long remain away from his legions. He
appeared and addressed them in a speech, showing all the tact of
the modern political leader. He praised them for their valor,
made light of their temporary repulse, and urged them to renewed
eUdeavor. After some time had been spent in meditation, he un­
folded a new plan, which included the use of cannon and gun­
powder.
.
When the armies met on the second day, Satan had his artil­
lery placed in position, and his hosts drawn up in proper order.
T h e Heavenly army came on, but were met by a discharge of
Satan’s cannon, before which they recoiled in confusion. Satan
and Belial, upon seeing this, are represented by Milton as burst­
ing into laughter. They indulge in what Milton evidently re­
garded as humorous speeches. There are a number of bad puns
in their banter, and Satan waxes sarcastic as he continues. '
W e believe that the poet is inconsistent here in his portrayal
of Satan’s character. Nowhere else is there a trace of humor ex­
hibited by Satan, and while upon the Occasion there might seem
to be cause for fierce exultation, we cannot imagine him indulg­
ing in puns or pointlèss sarcasm.
It is not necessary to recount the events of that “ doubtful bat­
tle on the plains of Heaven?”’ '' It must suffice to say that it was
reserved for the Son, armed with Almighty power, to vanquish

T H E N O RM AL, SCHOOL, H E R A L D .

5

the rebel host, and hurl them from the battlements, of Heaven,
from which ¡¡Nine days they fell— Hell at last,, yawning, received
them whole and on them closed.”
We have already noted the appearance of Satan, and his first
speech to his followers, as these are presented in the first book of
the poem. We have only to compare the Fallen Angel, as he is
represented in this book, with the picture that we have seen of
him on the fields of Heaven, to see how much he has already lost
in all that distinguished him. True, we are told that ‘ ‘His fprm
had not yet lost all its original brightness, nor seemed he less
than an Arch-angel ruined,” :, nevertheless these lines tell the
story of his marked degeneration. But he had only begun to sink.
Our next sight of Satan is when he appears before the fallen
host. He wished to appear scornful, but in spite of himself
“ tears such as angels weep burst forth” at the sight of the degra­
dation of his comrades. He soon controlled his emotion, and
addressed them in a speech, which shows the cunning of the
speaker. He first commends them for their bravery, then holds
out the hope of regaining Heaven, shows his reasons for this hope,
and lastly points out a way of escape. It is interesting to note
that this is the first instance of willful deception on the part of
Satan heretofore he was self-deceived.
After Pandemonium had been built, and Satan had taken his
seat before his followers, he made another speech, in which there
is a still more marked departure from truth. He reminded his
followers that he had been chosen their leader, that for their
sakes he had endured the greatest punishment, and had estab­
lished his right to pre-eminence.
In response to his request for a statement of their opinions,
Moloch, Belial and Mammon spoke. But Satan and Beelzebub
had an understanding, and when the latter rose to speak, it was
to utter the sentiments of his chief.
Beelzebub’s plan was adopted, but who would dare to brave
the dangers that had been cunningly set forth according to the
pre-arranged program ? Satan volunteered to go, and did not
fail to dwell upon the difficulties of the journey about to be un­
dertaken.
The limits of this article preclude our following Satan on his
journey, but it would be interesting to note his encounter with
Death at the gates of Hell. Had not Sin revealed the relation!

6

T H E N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

ship of the two, “ great deeds had been achieved whereof all Hell
had rung. ’ ’ With perhaps a greater display of hate toward God
than he had shown elsewhere, Satan promised Sin and Death a
rich harvest, if he succeeded in finding the world that God had
created for the abode of the new creature, Man.
Ere long we find Satan alighted on the outer convex of this
world’s rim. After wandering about for some time, he found the
stairs that led to the sun. He changed himself into the form of
an inferior angel, and approached the Arch-angel Uriel, who per­
ceived that he was '“ not of the-prime, yet such as in his face youth
smiled celestial.” Satan, in this disguise, ashed about the new
creature, Man, and requested Uriel to show him where this fair
creature dwelt. Uriel was deceived. “ For neither man nor
Angel can discern Hypocrisy, the only evil that walks invincible,
except to God above.”
After Uriel had told him where Man was placed, Satan took
his departure, and was soon standing on the top of Mount
Niphates. From this eminence he looks down upon Eden for a
short time, and then gazes upward at the sun. The glorious
light of this orb recalls to Satan his former splendor and radiance.
He turns his thought inward and begins to speak. This speech,
while addressed to the sun, is in reality a soliloquy, and, although
its artistic effect is somewhat marred by Milton’s introduction of
theological questions, it is one of the strongest portions of the
poem. It gives us a clear insight into the character of Satan.
Satan acknowledges that he owed all he had been to God. He
traces his fall to “ pride and, worse, ambition.” He admits that
he could have resisted temptation and stood fast. A spasm of
despair seizes him; he cries, “ Me miserable, which way shall I
fly, infinite wrath and infinite despair ? Which way I fly is Hell;
myself am H ell.” A ll that is left of the angelic nature asserts
itself when he asks: ‘ ‘ Is there no place left for repentance, none
for pardon left ?”
This is the turning point for Satan. Our sympathies are with
him. He has confessed that God’s laws were just, and that his
own punishment is merited. W ill he seek pardon and forgive­
ness? N o; his pride and disdain assert themselves, and his
“ dread of shame among the spirits beneath” prevents him. He
will continue to wage war against God. His resolution is made,
and passions of ire, envy and despair cloud his face. He ex-

T H E N O R M A L SCH OO L H E R A L D .

1

claims: “ So farewell hope, and with hope farewell fear, farewell
remorse; all good to me is lost; evil be thou my good.”
Who does not realize that Satan sank lower in the scale of
wickedness as a result of this period of self-communion ? He
weighed the consequence, and deliberately chose evil for his good.
There will be no more hesitation in his resolves; he may feel a
momentary pity for Adam and Eve, but his purpose will not falter
long.
The Fiend, for so he may now justly be called, soon entered
the garden of Eden, and, taking the shape of a cormorant, sat in
one of the trees. From his position he saw Adam and Eve,
happy and contented, but their happiness roused his hatred to­
ward God. He felt a slight compassion for them, but in language
vindictively passionate, he urged that necessity compelled him to
work the ruin he contemplated. God made Hell jaSatan will
avenge himself upon God by bringing Man within its power.
It had been discovered in Heaven that one of the banished
angels had entered the domains of Paradise, and Ithuriel and
Zephon were sent to seek him and drive him out. After search­
ing some time they found Satan ‘ 1 squat like a toad close at the
ear of E ve.” Ithuriel touched him with his spear-point, com­
pelling him to return to his natural shape, and then demanded
his name. With intense scorn in his tone, Satan spoke
Not
to know me argues yourself unknown.” Ithuriel having at last
recognized him, reminded him that his former glory had faded
since sin had clouded his once fair countenance. For a moment
abashed, the Devil stood and felt how awful goodness is, but only
for a moment. He demanded to be taken to one worthy of his
.own rank. The two angels conducted him to Gabriel, who de­
manded of him why he broke the “ bounds prescribed, and dis­
turbed the charge of others ?”
We cannot follow Satan’s replies to Gabriel in detail; it need
only be said that they exhibit a greater degree of scorn, rage and
defiance than he had elsewhere shown. He hurled defiance at
Gabriel, and dared him to personal combat. Gabriel prepared to
fight, but it was not the will of Heaven that the issue should be
thus settled. Even Satan recognized the meaning of the sign
shown in the heavens and withdrew.
There is but one more act in the drama in which Satan ap­
pears, and that is briefly told. He had now become the incarna-

8

th e norm al

Sc h o o l

héràlh .

tion of evil. As if to impress: this fact upon us more vividly,
Milton tells us that when Satan hurled defiance at Gabriel, “ His
Stature reached the sky, and on his crest sat Horror plumed.”
But he could change his form at will, and he views all the beasts
before he decided into which one he would enter to bring about
the fall of Man.
He finally selects the serpent as the fairest and “ subtlest of
all the beasts of the field.” The desired opportunity came soon.
Eve was alone in one part of the garden, when Satan, in the guise
of the serpent, approached her. His speech to her is a master­
piece of wickedness and cunning. He begins by flattering her,
and when she wonders that a serpent can talk as Man does, he
tells her that this power came to him since he ate of the Tree of
the Knowledge of Good and Evil. He urges her, and by cunning
falsehoods and flattery persuades her, to taste of the forbidden
fruit. As she ate the fatal fruit, “ Earth felt the wound, and Na­
ture from her seat, Sighing through all her works, gave signs of
woe that all was lost.” In Satan these throes of Nature awaken
the most diabolical joy ; he felt that at last he had avenged him­
self upon God.
After Adam, too, had sinned, Satan departed for Hell, rejoic­
ing in his triumph. By a wonderful sympathy in evil, Sin and
Death had become aware of Satan’s success, and had s '.rted to
meet him, building a bridge as they went. When Satan met them
he related in an insolent, lordly manner what he had accom­
plished. But he hastened his journey, as he wished tc announce
his triumph to his followers and receive their applause-. Upon
his arrival in Hell, he took his place upon the. throne, and was
greeted with loud acclaim by the hosts of fallen angels. He
beckoned for silence, and then began to tell the story of his vic­
tory. He congratulated them upon the fact that a new world,
little inferior to their former abode, had been won. He gloried
in the fraud he had practiced upon Man, and told of the curse
that God had pronounced upon the human race because of the sin
of Adam and Eve. He admitted that God had predicted that
woman’s seed should bruise his head, but “ A world who would
not purchase with a bruise, or much more grievous pain ?”
He expected to hear a shout of applause, but instead only a
hiss from numberless throats greeted his -ears. A t this seeming
rebuke,

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD.

9

; “ H e w ondered, bu t not lon g’
H ad leisure, w on d erin g at h im self n ow m ore.
H is v isa g e draw n he fe lt to sharp and sp are^ B
H is arm s c lu n g to his ribs, hisSljegs en tw in in g
E a ch other, till', supplanted, dow n h effell,
A m onstrous serpent on his b elly p r o n e ,H
R eluctant, but in vain , a greater pow er
N ow ruled him , punished in th& shape he sinned.
A c co r d in g to his doom . H e w ould h av e'spok e,
But hiss fo r h iss returned w ith forked ton g u e
T o forked to n g u e .’ *

The degeneration of Satan is now complete. The physical
Hell, bad as it is, is not to be compared with the mental Hell that
he has made for himself. The change in his outward appearance
is but the harmonious accompaniment of the inward degradation.
We could admire the courage, pride, and even the malevolent
passion which he exhibited on so grand a scale when we first saw
him, but we turn with a feeling of repulsion from him when we
find him practicing low arts and wiles, deceiving his followers
and priding himself in his cunning. We feel that he has brought
his degradation upon himself, and that his punishment is de­
served.
Gone are the grandeur and the heroism of Satan.
March'26, 1 goo.

— E zra L ehm an.

tlbe IMorft of BKreb tbe Great.
Historians have vied with each other in telling the story of
Csesar and Charlemagne.
From time to time there have been historical “ revivals” in the
study of the life and deeds of other great characters. A few years
ago interest centered in the story of Joan of Arc ; then it turned
toward Alexander, the World-Conquerorf! and at present Crom­
well is the subject of investigation and study.
In view of this interest it is surprising that historians have
given comparatively little attention to the life and deeds of one of
the greatest statesmen and warriors of any age or clime— Alfred
the Great.
When Alfred came to the throne in 871, the condition of Enggland was deplorable, indeed. Almost the last vestiges of .the
earlier Roman civilization and learning had disappeared. The

io

'th e No r m a l

sch o ô L h ë L a e d .

intellectual life of the previous century had died, and there was
no Alcuin nor Bede to revive it., The clergy were almost as
ignorant as those whom it was their duty to instruct. It is not
strange that in the midst of so much ignorance there should be
little real religion. What was called religion was a mass of su­
perstitions. Then, too, the old beliefs in Wo tien had been re­
vived, and many of the Saxons had adopted them.
Politically considered, the condition of the country was even
worse. Organized government was impossible when the Danes
were plundering the sea-coast towns and massacreing the inhab­
itants.
Alfred was peculiarly well fitted to deal with just such condi­
tions® His piety-was free from superstition; his ability as a war­
rior, unsullied by cruelty. A lover of learning himself, he wished
to educate his people.
The first twenty years of his reign was a period of constant
warfare; but it was stern necessity, not inclination, that made
him a warrior. Not a single war did he wage for conquest. No
general ever displayed greater ability in planning and executing
a campaign than did this youthful king when he fought against
the hordes of savage Danes, whose commanders had made their
names a terror throughout Northern Europe. It was in the midst
of these wars thaï; Alfred built the first navy England ever had,
reorganized the army and fortified the towns.
When victory at last perched upon his banners, heshowed
remarkable magnanimity to the conquered, foMwhen Guthrum
and his followers professed Christianity , Alfred granted them land
in England, and rejoiced more over their conversion than over
his victory in war.
I f ever a monarch ruled by “ right divine” it was Alfred, for
his highest ambition was the good of his people. He interested
himself in everything that he thought would prove beneficial.
His interest in education was one of his most marked traits, and
it may truthfully be said' that the System of education he had in
mind contained the germ of the public school system of to-day.
He wished “ that all the youth of free-born English folk might
apply themselves to learning, while they were unemployed, until
they could read English writing.”
Alfred may be regarded as the father of Anglo-Saxon prose,
since his translations of various religious and classical writings

T H E N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

11

are not only the first examples of Saxon prose, but they are also
models of style.
Other sovereigns supported the church only that they might
secure its influence or revenues in time of need. Alfred’s piety
was of a different kind. Although deeply religious, he recog­
nized the necessity of a distinction between church and state.
With this end in view, he deprived the bishops of their political
power, but enlarged their influence in spiritual affairs.
In the words of the English historian, Freeman, “ He was a
saint without superstition, a scholar without ostentation, a war­
rior whose wars were all fought in the defense of his country, a
conqueror whose laurels were never stained by cruelty, a prince
never cast down by adversity, never lifted up to insolence in the
day of triumph.”
Other men have been called ‘ ‘ g r e a t ' but who, among them
all, possessed so many virtues and displayed so few faults as A l­
fred ? The Macedonian conqueror was animated by a thirst for
conquest; Csesar led an army against his own country; the great
Karl was superstitious and vihdictively cruel, and Napoleon
drenched Europe in blood to satisfy his towering ambition. None
of these are worthy to be ranked with the great Saxon.
Myth and legend have obscured rather than magnified the real
Alfred. In the clear light of history, he stands forth as the origi­
nator of many of our institutions ; as the preserver of more, his
name is inseparably linked with the story of our race. As time
passes, and Anglo-Saxon peoples spread themselves over the yet
remote portions of the globe, new nations will join in giving
honor to the noble warrior, statesman and scholar, Alfred the
Great.

%

...THEJ...

N ormal S chool H erald.
P u b l is h e d O c t o b e r , J a n u a r y , A p r i l
S h ip p e n s b u r g , P a .

and

Ju l y .

E D ITO R S.
E z r a L e h m a n , ’ 89; G e o r g e H . E c k e l s , ’ 91; M . E . D r u m , ’ 96.
A d a V . H o r t o n , ’ 88, Personal Editor.
C h a s . E. B a r t o n , ’91, B u sin ess M anager.

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■Address all communications to T h e N o r m a l S c h o o l H e r a l d , Shippensburg, Pa.
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A P R I L , 1900.

E d it o r ia l.
7y/t E N TIO N is made elsewhere of the opening of the new
term. A t this writing students are still entering the
classes. On account of the seven months school term
many-persons were Unable to enter at the opening of the term.
It would be well indeed if all school boards directed that the
public schools under their supervision should open not later than
the first Monday of September. The teachers would thus be
enabled to spend a full term in a Normal School. Such a plan
would undoubtedly work in the interests of the pupils, as many
do not now remain in the schools untilthe term is ended.

J

H jfew TKHorbs to ©ur ©rabuates.
H E above title may seem to mean only those who have
finished the Elementary Course in the Normal School, but
it is meant to include the prospective .graduates— thé
members of the class of 1900 as well#
You are doubtless aware of the Township High School law
which will be made effective in the near future. As soon as these
schools are established there will be a demand for specially
trained teachers. The course of study in these high schools is
considerably advanced, and he who assumes charge must be
trained in the branches to be taught. It follows that the teachers

U

THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD.

13

must have more than is given in the Elementary Course in the
Normal School. To prepare teachers for these positions the
Regular Normal Course was instituted a few years ago. A number
of our graduates have taken this course, but the wonder is that
many more have not thus qualified themselves for advanced work
•in higher positions at better salaries.
Those who are ambitious to advance will recognize the
importance of this extra year’s work. The classes are necessarily
smaller in numbers, the branchés fewer, and the work is done
with a thoroughness impossible in the other courses.
Normal School graduates are multiplying rapidly—'it will
soon be necessary for a teacher to hold a diploma or its equivalent
— but the best positions will be open to those only who have had
years of experience or who have taken advanced work.
Our purpose is to give still more attention to the Regular
Normal Course. Is it not possible to have a number of the
present Senior Class return next year for this work ? May we
not hear of graduates of the past years who will be with us again
next year? A ll who have'taken the extra year’s work unite in
bearing testimon^to its advantages. ’ We shall try to make the
course for the coming year more pleasant and profitable than
ever before..

©bituars.
ffsaac TKHiesnet, '96, 2>ieb dfcarcb 24tb, 1900.
F T E R suffering for some months with pulmonary trouble,
Mr. Wiesner died at the home of his parents at Roadside,
Franklin county. About a j^ear ago Mr. Wiesner took a
hemorrhage and was obliged to relinquish his school for several
weeks. Then he.resumed his work and finished the term. In
the spring he came to Shippensburg for special work, but was
compelled to give tip after a few weeks of study. After that he
gradually wasted, away. Hé taught school during this year up
to the Christmas season.
Mr. Wiesner was a bright, ambitious young man and was
highly esteemed while a student at the Normal. As a teacher he
was earnest and successful. T he H erald extends sincere sym­
pathy to the bereaved parents and friends.

A

14

T H E N O RM AL, SCHOOL, H E R A L D .

flDarriages.
o r t h in g t o n — J o n e s .S ja n u a ry

31st, at Chambersburg,
Pa., by the Rev. Mr. Oates, Mr. Amasa Worthington, of
Jamison, Pa., to Miss Grace Jones, ’95.

B a s h o r e — B oSLER.— A t Carlisle, Pa., March 15th, by Rev.
George Norcross, Mr. Chester C. Bashore, '8y,, a member of the
Cumberland County Bar, to Miss Fleta Bosler.
P a r s o n s — A l e x a n d e r .— April 3rd, at Baltimore, Md., Dr.
M. K. Parsons, a practicing physician, to MissJessie Alexander ' 99.

Ube Societies.
PHILO.
[Reported b y J. C. T r k s s l e r , ’00.]

The society work for the present term began on Friday even­
ing, March 30th. A large audience was present and great inter­
est was manifested in the general society work.
The debates are regularly well prepared and instructive. The
questions debated are such as the following :
Resolved, That trusts and monopolies are detrimental to the
best interests of the people of the United States.
Resolved, That war as a means of settling international dis­
putes can be abolished.
Resolved, That the works of Shakespeare have exerted a greater
influence than those of Milton.
The Editorial Stafl of the Philo Review, which will be issued
on the occasion of the Philo Reunion, May 18th, is as follows;
D. N. Niple, Editor ; Ora Beegle and C. F. Noll, Assistants ;
Ida Kleckner, Alumni Editor ; Rebecca Gleim and Edgar McCul­
lough, Assistants ; D. N. Benedict, Personal Editor ; Cora Clever
and Jere Zullinger, Assistants ; Frank Wible, Local Editor ;
Ellen Blessley and Mina Kremer, Assistants S j . A . Davis,
Exchange Editor ; Rebecca Klepper and Jessie Flora, Assistants ;
S. E. L. Fogelsanger, Advertiser ; J. H. McLaughlin and L- A .
Gray, Assistants^!!. B. Raffensperger, Business Manager; C. F.
Sweigart and H. E. Walker, Assistants.

TtiB NORMAL SCHOOL HEiRALO.

IS

NORMAL.
(Reported by J. W . B a i s h , ’00.)

The following are some of the subjects, .which have been
debated at our recent meetings :
Resolved, That Macbeth was more criminal than Lady Macbeth.
That the Boers should be freed from British interference.
That the policy of National Expansion is detrimental to the best
interests of the U. S.
The Normal Anniversary will be held on Friday evening,
April 20th, Mrs. Florence Parker Paxson, of Philadelphia, has
been engaged for the occasion. Mrs. Paxson has a national
reputation as a reciter and never fails to attract a large audience.
The members of the Editorial Staff of the Normal Gazette
have labored earnestly for its success, and the book in now with
the publishers. The staff is composed as follows:
Editor-in-chief, J. O. Johnson; Assistant Editor, R. J. Watson;
Editress-in-chief, May McClellan ; Assistant Editress, Marietta
Menear; Committee on AdvertisementSj J. W . Baish, chairman,
J. H. Kendall, John Stine; Committee on Exchange, M. A .
Keasey, chairman, J. A . Knupp, Ida M. Crist; Committee on
Contributions, Bessie M. Cadwallader, chairman, C. E. Eingle,
Mary Cunningham; Committee on Personals, Gertrude Hassler,
chairman, P. T . Hoffheins, Velma Orndorff, S. E. Myers.
The first meeting of the society for the SpringlTerm was held
in the Model School, Friday evening, March 30th. As usual
the attendance was good. The subject ofthe debate was, “ Resolved,
That free trade would be a greater benefit to the U. S. than
protection.” An effort is made to select such practical subjects
for debate as involve careful thought and some research.

Cbe Christian associations.
[R e p o r t e d

by

J. O. J o h n s o n , ’00,

and

O r a B e e g l e , ’ 00.]

H E Spring Term opens with bright prospects for the Y . W.
C. A ., as quite a number.of the new students have already
joined the Association. The reception room was filled with girls
at the first meeting of the term and great interest was manifested.

T

During the Winter Term Mr. E. B. Buckalew, Assistant State
Secretary of the Y . M. C. A ., together with several prominent

16

Th e

n o r m a l sc h o o l h e r a l d .

workers of the Skippensburg Assocation, met with our Associa­
tion at one of the regular Sunday evening services. The meeting
was addressed by Mr. Buckalew and others.
The Y . M. C. A . was represented at the State Convention
held at Williamsport, Pa., Feb. 22-25, by Mr. J. Walter Singmaster. He reported the convention very interesting and inspir­
ing throughout the entire session.
The | Poverty Party|| “ Topsy-Turvy ** and Valentine H
parties that were given by the Y . W . C. A . during last term were
features that, will always be remembered by the girls. After the
amusements of each party we were invited to the third floor where
dainty refreshments were served. Then the girls returned to theif
lessons with light hearts and ready for hard work.
The two Associations gave a reception to the Spring Term
students Saturday evening, April 7th. The students assembled
in the Targe Chapel, where an interesting program was rendered.
They then passed to the dining room and partook of refreshments'.Many committees had been appointed so that each separate part
of the evening’s entertainment was a success.

Excursions.
The undersigned expects to arrange for a five or six daylsummer tour to Boston and vicinity the week of July 3rd . The trip
going will be made by railroad to New York and then by steamer
over Tong Island Sound to Boston. The return trip will be
made by rail via Hoosac Tunnel to Albany and by steamer down
the Hudson to New York, and from there home by rail. The
cost of this tour for all necessary expenses will be from $30 to $35,
depending upon the number going.
The annual three day excursion of the Senior class of the
Cumberland Valley Normal School, and friends, to Washington,
D. C., willjbe made about the 24th of May. The entire cost of
the trip, covering all expenses, will be about $8. For further
particulars concerning these excursions address

Jos. F. B a r t o n ,
Normal School, Shippensburg, Pa.

'THE N O RM AL, SC H O O L H E R A L D .

17

Hlumni personals
R. A L B E R T S. COOK, ’89, Principal of the schools of
Reisterstown, Md., haS been doing something in the way
of institute instruction. We note that at the Baltimore County
Teachers’ Institute held in McCoy Hall, Johns Hopkins Univer­
sity, January 2-5, 1900, he occupied two periods each before the
first and second sections of the institute. His subject was “ Con­
crete Geometry.” A t the Maryland State Teachers’ Association
at Ocean City, Md., July 13th, ’99, he read a paper with the subjectfl* ^'^le Educational Ideals Among the Greeks.”
Mr. E, F. Charles, ’89, has left the profession of teaching and
is now in the railway service with headquarters at Atlantic City,
N. J. He entered the service as brakeman and in less than six­
teen months was promoted to the position o f conductor. This
rapid promotion he believes was largely due to the excellent gen­
eral training he received at the Normal.
Mr. Murray L. Dick, ’98, teacher of the Pleasant Grove
School in Silver Spring township, Cumberland County,'has opened
a memorial public school library in memory of his brother,
Walter T. Dick, deceased, who was a teacher of that school for
four years.
Mr. Geo. C. Bollinger, ’95, was chosen justice of the peace
for the borough of Macungie, Pa., at the recent election.
Miss Mary A . Darlington, ’97, is teaching her second term at
Newmanstown, Lebanon County.
Mr. J. L. Rhodes, ’96, and Mr. F. H. Rhodes, ’98, are both,
attending the Dickinson Law School at Carlisle.
Miss Ida B. Quigley, ’77; Mr. J. S. Heiges, ’91, and Mr.
Raymond Gettel, ’98, have been added to the faculty of the
Normal for the Spring Term.
Miss Frances L. Geiger, ’97,; a member of the ¡Sophomore
class at Wilson College, was one of the contestants in a recent
inter-society contest. Miss Geiger was one of the three Sopho­
mores who were successful. She also had a part in the Sopho­
more class-play.
Mr. C. I. Raffensperger, ’97, is in charge of the Hagerstown
Circuit of the Evangelical church.

18

T H E N O R M A L SCH OO L H E R A L D .

Miss Lucy S. Bowers, ’91, is teaching at Great Falls, Montana,
at a salary of $80 a month. The term is nine months and a half.
Her work is in the first primary grade.
Mr. F. B. N. Hoffer, ’85, teacher of the grammar grade at
Mount Joy, has resigned his position to engage in the hardware
business at Christiana, Pa.
Mr. M. H. Thomas, ’90, principal of schools at Dillsburg, Pa.,
has been elected to a position in the Harrisburg schools.

Xocals.
H E Spring Term opened Monday, March 26th. The usual
large number of new students was enrolled. Because of
the new law making the public school minimum term seven
months a number of the Spring Term students were not able to
register for a week or two after the term opened.
Washington’s birthday was properly celebrated at Shippensburg. Exercises were held at the school in the afternoon. Prof.
Lehman made the address of the day on the subject, “ The True
George Washington.” He deprecated the fact that the hero had
been so unnaturally idealized, and paid a high tribute to the real
flesh and blood Washington. He also took the opportunity to
touch upon the important questions of the day relating to our
national policy. We were also favored with a recitation by Miss
Fitch, teacher of elocution, and a solo and chorus, in which Miss
Horton sang the solo part and the chorus was taken by Misses
Brandt and Nipple and Messrs. Niple and Walmer. The usual
fantastic parade was not given this year.
The Mid-winter Musicale occurred on the evening of February
24th. Miss Barnum and her pupils deserve great credit for the
pleasing entertainment provided. A ll of the individual perform­
ances were meritorious and the choruses were of a high grade of
excellence. It will be noticed that the ladies’ chorus, “ If,” was
composed by our talented music teacher. Miss Barnum’s waltz,
“ The Dance of the W aves,” was recently published by Gibson,
Glaser & Co., of Baltimore.
The program of the musicale follows:

V

THE} N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

19

P A R T I.

1.

P ia n o Trio... .......................H u saren ritt............................ ..... ....... Spindler.

2.

D uet.............. .............................Z erita ................................. .................. W hite.

M i s s b s N i c k i .e s , B r a n d t , B a r n t j m .
M is s e s N ip p e r w m B r a n d t .

3v P ia n o Solo... ................... V a lse G ra cie u s e ...................... .......W achtm ann.
J o h n C o e d s m it h .

4.

Reading*....... ................ P au lin e P a v lo v in a ................!.. ............... A ld rich .

S.

S o n g ............. ................. T e ll M e M y H eart..................... .................B ishop.
M iss O r n d o r r e .
P ia n o Solo... 1....................M azurka, op. 57........................ ............Bachm an.
M iss R E d d i g .
P art S on g ... ...............................“ i f ” .................................;..E dith Barnum .

M is s S c h o c h .

6.

9

L a d i e s ’ V o ic e s .

P A R T II.

1.

P ia n o D uet.. ................. ...G alop B rillia n t....................... ...........E n gelm an.
M is s e s B r a n d t a n d B a r n t j m .

2. S o n g ............. ............................. S in g O n............................ .................. D enza.
M is s N i p p e b .

3.
4.

S.
6.

................Durand.
P ia n o Solo... ...............................V
M iss K e e c k n e r .
F a rce ............. ............ F irst A id to the I n ju r e d ............................ Sutphen.
C A S T — B elle C h ev iot............................ .....M is s B r a n d t .
G race L o fte r ..................... .
..... M is s E e d o n .
S a llie D riv er.............................. ___M iss G e t t e r .
Charlotte B rassie...........:........ ........ M iss W o e e .
D r. C h ev iot......................................... M r . N i p p e b .
Ja ck H azard.............................. ...........M r . B a i s h .
............ DeKAven.
S o n g .............. ..................... W in ter L u lla b y ..;.,
M iss H o r t o n .
P ia n o S olo... .................................B olero..... ..................... ......................L ack.
M iss M c C u e e o c h . :
C horus.......... .......................... Com e A w a y ........................ ................. V eazie.

There is little to report to our readers in the line of Athletics.
The winter term is rather dull in this respect at Shippensburg,
but this is probably best, as it is the best term of all for solid
study. Basket ball has not yet been started in our school but the
students get the needed diversion in the various exercises made
possible by our fine gymnasium. Push-ball retains its popularity.
The baseball prospects are fair. Among the teachers, Eckels,
’91, H e ig e s» 9 i, and Gettel, ’98, have been members of former
teams. McLaughlin, ’00, and Niple, .’oo, are also old players.
Smith, ’00, has a good reputation as an infielder.. No schedule

20

T H E N O R M A L SCHOOL* H E R A L D .

has yet been arranged, but, if the team develops sufficiently to
warrant it, we will undoubtedly have some good games at home
and abroad. The hardest positions to fill will be those of catcher
and first baseman.
Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer, State Superintendent of Public
Instruction, lectured to the school on the night of April 9th, on
the subject, ‘ ‘ Woman as a Teacher.’ ’ The proceeds were applied
to the debt of the Athletic Association.
The Post Graduate class has completed the following work
during the Fall and Winter Terms: In English, Othello, Macau­
lay’s Essay on Warren Hastings, Browning’s Shorter Poems and
General Eiterature; in Latin, the first section has read the four
Orations of Cicero Against Catiline, the Pro Archia, the Pro
Marcello, and one book of V irgil’s yEneid; the second section
has read three Orations of Cicero Against Catiline and one Book
of the Ajneid. The class has also completed their work in A d­
vanced Psychology and Moral Philosophy, Higher Algebra and
Solid Geometry. The German section has completed the work
in Joynes’ Reader and has read Heyse’s L ’Arrabiata and Storm’s
Immensee. They are now reading Eichendorff’s Aus dem Leben
Eines Taugenichts. During, the Spring Term the post-graduate
work in English will probably consist of the study of some
Shakesperean play. In Latin, the one section is expected to read
five books of Virgil, the other, two books, and both sections to
complete two extra books of Caesar S in Mathematics, Trigono­
metry will be the subject.
Under the auspices of the Y . W, C. A . the lady students have
held several ‘ ‘ frolics ’ ’ on Saturday evenings between the supper
hour and the beginning of the study period. The T party was
the first given. This was spoken o f in the last issue of the
H eraild. Since that time a poverty social and a valentine party
have served to break the monotony of student life.
Mr. H. L- Barnum, Potsdam, N. Y ., visited his daughter,
Miss Edith Barnum, teacher of music, during the month of
March. Many of last year’s students will remember Mr. Barnum
and the pleasure he gave them by singing for the school on sev­
eral occasions. Mr. Barnum has a remarkably fine bass voice

T H E N O R M A L SC H O O L H E R A L D .

and is a thorough musician.
several solos.

21

He again favored the school with

Prof. J. W . Hughes was a delegate to the Central Pennsyl­
vania Conference of the M. E- church, whose sessions were held
at Hazleton for one week beginning March 13th.
During the winter term Prof. M. E. Drum lectured at local
institutes held at Elizabethville, Dauphin county, and Jackson­
ville, Cumberland county. Dr. Barton gave a talk on electricity,
illustrated by many experiments, before a local institute at New­
port, Perry county. Dr. Barton also gave an electrical exhibi­
tion for the benefit of the Senior class during the term.
The High School of Shippensburg gave a course of entertain­
ments during the winter that was largely attended by the students.
The course consisted of entertainments by the Park Sisters and
the Stephenson Quartette, impersonations by Hoyt E- Conary, a
stereopticon lecture on the Passion Play, an entertainment by the
Uncle Josh Picture Play Company and a lecture by the Rev.
Thomas Dixon.
Dr. Barton spent the vacation between the winter and spring
terms at Philadelphia. While there he made partial arrange­
ments for a summer excursion to Boston for students and alumni
of the school.
The Senior class has elected the following officers for the
class-day exercises : President, J. W. Baish, Clear Spring, York
county; secretary, Nora Crilly, Altoona, Blair county; orator,
J. C. Tressler, Newport, Perry county ; presenter, C. W. Gross}
Hall, York county; historian, H. B. Raffensperger, Mannsville,
Perry county ; poetess, Gertrude Hoke, McConnellsburg, Fulton
county; prophetess, Mazie Fulton, Carlisle, Cumberland county;
musical director, Ida Kleckner, Cisna Run, Perry county ; vicepresident, George Miller, Cleversburg, Cumberland county;
treasurer, H. E. Walker, Millerstown, Perry county.

22

T H E N O R M A E SCHOOL, H E R A E D .

le ic b a n o e s /
W h y is it called the fu n n y bon e ?
T h e reasons w h y are num erous ;
T h e scien tific on e is that
It borders on the hum orous.

Father— Tommy, how is it that you are such a dunce in your
lessons ?
Tommy— I expect its hereditary.
One of our exchanges, treating ofjthe origin of baseball, says :
“ The devil was the first coacher. He coached Eve when she
stole first. Adam stole second. When Isaac met Rebekah at
the well, she was walking with a pitcher. Samson struck out a
good many times when he beat the Philistines. Moses made his
first run when he slew the Egyptian. Cain made a base hit when
he killed Abel. Abraham made a sacrifice. The prodigal son
made a home run. David was a long distance thrower, and Moses
shut out the Egyptians at the Red Sea.”
Professor-H(describing ancient Greek theatre) “ And it had
no roof.” Junior— “ What did they do, sir, when it rained?”
Professor— ('taking off his glasses and pausing a moment.); “ They
got wet, sir ?fi||
In one of the public schools an inspector was examining a
class. His subject was on animals. The inspector thought for
a moment, and then asked the class: “ What appearance has
the zebra ?” Nobody seemed to understand the question ; so he
made it plainer by saying “ What is a zebra ?” To this question
an answer was soon obtained, for a small boy called out, “ a
donkey with a foot ball jersey on.”
Student (to Prof.)— I don’t see through that problem. Prof,
(sarcastically)— Well, we can’t stop to put a window in it for your
benefit.
Mr. Dooly advises those doctorin’ a man with a col on the
chist to git Casey’s mixture for man and beast, put him in bed,
shlap a musthard plasther on him that’ll kape his mind employed,
and lave them foight it out. May the best man win. I f the
patient’s alive in the morning he’ll not have strength enough to
cough.— Muhlen burg.