*
i.PeI1l1syl~al1ia
; ,

tat~L~~a1~hoOI,

Edil1boro,

*

'::1:891.

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Hi

CATALOGUE
OF THE

I 0 FFICERS,

INSTRUCTORS, AND STUDENTS

r

OF THE

State Normal

School,

;

TWELFTH DISTRICT, PENNSYLVANIA.

PICTURE

TAKEN

IN

1861.

EDINBORO, ERIE COUNTY,
For the Year 1890-91.
-!--O()O-+-

HAND

BOOK AND CIRCULAR OF THE SCHOOL
FOR THE

i

YEAR 1891-92.

~iOl.
~ion.
t~
rvck

-+-O()O-+EDIN:BORO,
INDEPENDENT

r.rie
I~

PENN'.A._,

BOOK

AND

JOB

OF'F'ICE.

r"ty.

].89]..

~ ~.~

---

i

,oro.
'

RECITATION

"~c~~

BUILDING.

EXAMINATION

HALL.

-~~_."---

-

c~

State Normal. School.

I

BOARl!

.OF

c. o. Scrafford,
-:;. ,~'"
R. R. True,
Asa Wellman,
I. R. Reeder, -'

TfiUSTEES.
-:,-

-President.
~
Secretary.
Treasurer.
BusinessManager.

ELEGTED IN 1889.

M. C. Hawkins.
.I. R. Reeder.

I. N. Taylor,M. D.
O. P. Reeder.
ELECtED IN 1890.

.Henry Lewis.
C. O. Scrafford.

R. R. True.
Alonzo Perry.
ELECTEDIN 1891.

Geo.S. Goodell.
GeurgePulling.
;;;:

:)7'
c,.
1~)

A. J. Stanford.
V. B. Billings.

~

TRUSTEES ON THE PART OF THE STATE.

N. T. McLallen.
F. L. Hoskins.

JohnProudfit.
John McLenathan.
~~

EXAMINING
t

COMMITTEE.

EXAMINATIONS FOR GRADUATION JUNE 9, 1891.

Hon. D. J. Waller,Jr., --State Sui>er~tendent
fifPublicInstrootiO1. .
Hon. J. Q. Stewart,-Deputy StateSuperintendent
of PublicInstruction.
Prof. Albert E. Maltby, -Principal State Normal School,SlipperyRock
H. C. Missimer,
Superintendent
of Schools,
Erie
-Geo.I. Wright,
--~
CuuntySuperintendent.,
CrawfordCounty.
.J;A. Cooper,
Principalof Normal School,Edinboro.

~

"@Jacuftcij.of

~n~truction.

J. A. COOPER,A. M.,
PRINCIPAL,

Mental Science.
G. A. LANGLEY, A. M.,
VICE PRINCIPAL.

English Literature and Reading.
MARGARET COMPTON,M. S. D.,
Geography and Physics.
EMMA McWILLIAMS, Y. E. D.,
Teacher of Penmanshipand Drawing.
MAY BIRD, M. E. D.,
United States History and Physiology..
MARA L. FERGUSON,M. E. D.
Pedagogics.
C. H. SEARS,
Latin.

JAMES M. MORRISON, M. E. D.,
Principal of ModelSchool.
EUGENIA H. DEAMER,
Enilish Grammar.
CHARLESJ. BOAK, M. E. D.,
Arithmetic.
T. J. GEORGE,M. E. D.,
Algebra and Geometry.
ESTELLA M. REEDER, M. E. D.,
Assistant in Model School.
HATTIE C. STONE,
Assistant in ModelSchool:
A. F. RALSTON,
Principal Music Department, Teacherof Voice.
JESSIE McGILL,
Teacher of Piano.
NEw'rON D. HAWKINS,
Teacher of Violin.

CLARA McCOY,
.Librarian.

...
1

..
"

;

j
i

.

"j

c

)

~ra-auate~ of jS~0.

Alsdorf, Margaret,
Agnew,W. G.,
Alderman,J. C.,
Butz, Effie
Benn, Katherine,
Beardsley,Lottie A.,
Bowman, Sadie,
Borst, Flora,
Beistel, Frank S.,
Bruce, Mame,
Brock, Eugene H.,
Bell, W. R.,
Bittles, Lizzie B.,
-Coon,Orlo 0.,
-Cruean,Mary J.,
Crawford, Maggie D.,
Cooper, Harry L.,
-CUlTY,Viola V.,
Davis, CharleeW.,
Farley, Margaret S.,
Folk, Frank B.,
Farrington, Nellie,
Freas, Clymer B.,
Fife, Robert R.,
Gould. Florence,
Gregory, Lizzie,
Golden, Harry Wo,
Hanratty, Mary Mo,
Hull, Jennie F..
Hazlett, L. R.,

Spartansburg,
Washington,
WeetSprin'l;field
New Caetle,
Edinboro,
Linesville,
SandyLake,
Ulysees,
Pleasa.ntUnity,
Titusville,
Olean,
Library,
Waterford,
Hayfield,
Verona,
Petrolia,
Edinboro,
Cambridgeboro,.
New Castle,
Sterling Run,
Youngstown,
Spartansburg,
Punxsutawney,
Library,
Edinboro,
Mill Village,
Clark,
Parker's Landing,
Greenville
Butler,

Crawford
'Vashington
Erie
Lawrence
Erie
Crawford
Mercer
Potter
Westmoreland
Ctaw;rord
Cattaraugue,N. Y.
Allegheny
Erie
Crawford
Allegheny
Butler
Erie
Crawford
Lawrence
Cameron
'Vestmoreland
Crawford
Jefferson
Allegheny
Erie
Erie
Mercer
Armetrong
Mercer
Butler

-

6

PENNSYL VANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

HeI;tderson.Hattie M.,
Titusville,
Habegger,Arnold J.,
East Springfield,
Hickernell, E. B.,
Hickernell,
Hickernell, Fred G., ,Hickernell,
Hunt, James R.,
DeepValley,
Heazlett, Kate,
Mercer,
Keltz, Viola F.
Dagus Mines,
Kingsley, Bertha,
Cambridgeboro,
Kleckner, Ml1.udI.,
Edinboro,
Kopf, W. H.,
'.rroy Center,
Leech, Clifford C-,
Greenville,
Liebendorfer, R. R.,
Wurtemburg,
Martin, Eva,
Grove City,
McArthur, Foster J.,
Cherry Hlll,
McClelland,Bess I.,
Ul;ica,
McCord,Margaret,
North East,
McDowell, Constance,
Sharpsvllle,
Mead,R. K.,
Pittsfield,
Moorhead,Rose,
Moorheadvllle,
Morrow, Margarett,
Irish Ripple,
Niece,Myrtle M.,
Harmony,
Niles, Ella,
Mercer,
Owen,B. A.,
EdinboI'O,
Parker, V. W.,
East Brook
Passmore,Irvin,
Lumber Oity
Paup, Ida S.,
Tionesta,
Phlllips, Irene,
Cannonsburg,
Phlllips, Della,
Cannonsburg,
Pinckney,Bird V.,
North Sprlngfiel~,
Powell,Charles A.,
Cochranton,
Prather, T. J.,
Troy Center,
Quinn, Charles G.,
Independence,
Rankin, Maggie J.y
Buena Vista,
Reed,G. A.,
West Mlllcreek,
Reeder,Charles J.,
Edlnboro..
Rossiter, Joe P.,
Girard,
Rundell, Chas. 0.,
Ha'8field,
Schall, E. M.,
Whitesburg,
Serv6ss,Gertrude,
Edinboro,

Crawford
ErieCrawford
Crawford
GreeneMercer
Elk
Crawford
ErieCrawford
Mercer
Lawrencec
Mercer
ErieVenango
Erie
MercerWarren
ErieLawrenceButler
Mercer
Erie
Lawrence
Clearfield
Forest
Washington
Washington
ErieCrawford
Crawfordl
Washington
AllegheIlY
ErieErieErieCrawford
Armstrong
Erie-

PENNSYLVANIA
Singleton,C. C.,
Stitt, Bird,
Stelle,Laura V.,
Stelle, Lou R.,
Stephens,Albert C.,
SilsIey,N. E.,
Stoyer,W. D.,
Swift, Sadie,
Swift, Mabel,
Swaney,David,
Thompson, May C.,
Trotter, Amy,
Vogan, U.G.,
WhItman,Allie B.,
Wilson, B. L.,
WImersberger,C. H.,
Wood, Jenni8,
Woodring, W 0.,

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Utica,
Kittanning,
EdinbolO,
CroBsfngville.
Mount Morris,
Scottdltle,
New Hamburg,
Ridllway,
Ridgway,
Meauville,
Tidiuute,
Verona,
Grove City,
Edit. boro,
Gu,!'s Mills,
Lundy's Lano.
Sheffield
Sa8gcrtO\vn,

7'

Venango
Armstrong
Erie
Crawford
Greene
Westmoreland
Mercer
Elk
Elk
Crawford
Warren
Allegheny
Mercer
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Warren
Crawford

.-

.I

~et1ior

f
r

.Boyer,

r
f

r

Adams, Joseph Mo,

Hadley,

Artman, Mina Eo,
Arthur, Urie N.,
Axe, Kate Bo,
Bloomfield, Wm. J 0'
Barnett, Jennie,
Barron, Anna C.,
]Sarron, George,
Jennie C.,

Gustavus,
Belle Valley,
Belleville,
Trunkeyville,
New Castle,
Don~ial,
Donegal,
North East,

Trumbell Co, Oh~o
Erie
Mifflin
Forest
Lawrence
Westmoreland
Westmoreland
ErieI

Brown,
Brown,
Brown,
Beatty,

Charlotte,
Fred Lo,
Mattie,
Cora L.,

Blo;mfield,
Albion,
Grove City,
Jefferson,

Crawfo~dl
Ene
Mercerl
Ashtabula Co., Ohio

Bowser, Harrena,
Congdon, Mabel,
Cutshall, Harley,
Cardot, Cassius,
Cours()n. Dell;)..

Kittanning,
Adamsvillf',
Guy's Mills,
Hornby,
Tidioute,

Armstrong
Crawfortl
Crawford
Erie
Warren

Cowan, Annabel,
Clark, J. E.
DeWolf, Lizzie F.,

Apollo,
Sharpsville,
East Springfield,

Armstrong
Mercer
Erie

])unham, Nellie A.,
Dibble, Mary I.,

Pleasantville,
Venango,

Venango
Crawford

Dreibelbis, Gertrude,
Erbe, John A.,
Fleming, Eva,
Gilbert, H. S.,
Goodell, Ned H.,
Good, Charles Lo,

Emlenton,
Upper St. Clair,
Hydetown,
Fredonia,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,

Venango
Allegl1eny
Crawford
Mercer
Erie
Erie

Gaston, Sadie,
;

@Pa,e),e) ~~(9)~.!

Utica,

Mercer

Venango

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

!I :

9

Ha.nks,Desta L.,
Hamilton, John K.,
Hadley, John L.,
Hezlep, Herbert B.,
Hoyt, Wm. A.,
Hadley,J. T.,
Hicks, John M.,
Jessup, Gertrude,
Jackson,W. Murray,
Keltz, Orpha,
Kurtz, Lizzie,
Kendall, Mary A.,
Xline, Ben R.,
Leacock,Minnie C.,
Lefever, ClarenceH.,
Loveridge, M. Alice,
Lord, Clara L.,
Leslie, Clyde F.,
McGill, Fred C.,
Miller, Eittie E.,
MUler, Mary A.,
McClain, Anna B.,
::McKay,KittieE.,
Morrow, SadieL.,
Mason,Jeannette,
Marsteller, lone E.,
MUler, Louise C.,
Messenger:Twila M.,
Mitchell,
Leonard
{)dell,
Lettie
R., L.,

Guy's Mills,
Crawford
New Hamburg,
Mercer
Oil City,
Vena.ngo
East Brooke,
Lawrence
Edinboro,
Erie
Hadley,
Mercer
Evansburg,
Crawford
Sharpsville,
Mercer
Spring Church,
Armstrong
Dagus Mines,
Elk
Columbiaville,
Lapeer
Sprin~gboro,
Crawford
Reynoldsville,
Jefferson
Stahlstown,
Westmoreland
Hayfi~ld,
Crawford
Girard,
Erie
Edinboro,
Erie
Miller's Station,
Crawford
Harmonsburg,
Crawford
Hickory,
Washington
Hickory,
Washington
Smithton,
Westmoreland
Black Ash,
Crawford
SeventySix,
Beaver
Tidioute,
Warren
West Middlesex,
Mercer
Long's Stand,
Crawford
Ridgeway,
Elk
Custer
City,
.McKean
Jamestown,
ChautauquaCo., N. Y.

Osborn,Metha M.,
{)sborn, Plummer N.,
{)'Connor, Ellen,
Peavy, Ira B.,
Pond, Mattie J.,
"Pearsall,Mildred,
"Prather,Virgil H.,
Rossell,Bertha M.,
Bandall, Charles,

K~!l.r3arge,
North's MUlti,
Ponea,
TownvUle,
Springboro,
Shingle House,
Troy Center,
Union City,
G~at Valley,

Erie
Mercer
Neb
Crawford
Crawford
PJtter
Crawford
Erie
Cattaraugus Co.,N. y.

,

L

10

PENNSYLVANIA srATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Roberts, R. L.,
Rupert, Alice,
Rea,John J.,
Rhodes,Anna E.,
Rankin, ~IaggieR.,
Ralston, SamuelR.,
Reese.Wm. U.,
Robinson,R. D.,
Saint, Lillian,
Slocum, Georgiana,
Struc~en,Lola E.,
Stough, Edith C.,
Swift, Maude A.,
Stewart, John C. ,
Steck,Carrie E. ,
Studebaker,Latimer H..
Trill, Alice A.,
Tucker, Minnie M.,
Thompson,Fannie M.,
Walden, Minnie, G.,
Weible,E. G.,
Wilmarth, Eva,
Zahniser, Lissa,

Atlantic,
Mariasville,
Edinboro,
Saegertown,
Boston,
Edinboro,
Cochranton,
Edinboro,
Allegheny City,
Saegertown,
~Iiles Grove,
Fairview,
Pinney's Corners,
Jefferson,
Burlingame,
Jacksonville,
Corry,
Springboro,
CIaridon,
Townville,
McKean,
Eldred,
North's Mills,

Crawford
Venango
Erie
Crawford
Allegheny
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Allegheny
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Greene
Lycoming
Butler
Erie
Crawford
Geau~a Co., Ohio
Crawford
Erie
McKean
Mercer

~unior @P~~.
,

..',

Bailey, Ella J.,
Baker, Alice A.,
Beers, Frank C.,
Bell, John J.,
Benjamin, Celia E.,
Benn, Edna 0.,
Bennett, Adda A_,
BoaI, James R.,
Bootes, Jennie,
Bower, Albert E.,
Boyd, Edith,
Boyd, Lavona,
Boyer, Francis A.,
Bradshaw,Anna A.,
Bradshaw, Eva M.,
Brown, E. Clint,
Buttermore, CharlesE.,
Carothers,Edward D.,
Cal.r,Jennie,
Cleland, Lizzie,
Cleland. Margaret,
Clark, James R.,

Jamestown,
Edinboro,
Butler,
Harborcreek, .Erie
Edinboro,
Allegheny City,
Franklin Corners,
Cochranton,
Waterford,
Venus,
C<>on's
Corners,
Coon's Corn~rs,
Library,
Coal Valley,
CoalValley,
South~rd,
Connelsvilie,
Hamilton Station,
Jamestown,
Beaver Center,
Beaver Center,
Geneva,

Mercel-Erie
Butler-

Conll1y,Margaret B.,
Cooper, Sarah F.,
Coon, Jerome,
Coventry, Hibbitt M.,
Crandall, Lynn,
Culbertson, Andrew A.,
Culbert, Lida G.,
Dally, Olive L.,

Tamarac,
Crawfor.d
Harrisville,
Butler
Hayfield,
Crawford
Frankfort Springs,
Beaver
Lanhams,
Prince George Co.,Md.
Edinboro,
Erie
Buena Vista,
Allegheny
Indiana,
Indiana

ErieAllegheny
ErieCrawforrJ
Erie
Venango.
Cra~ford
Crawford
Allegheny
Allegheny
Allegheny
McKean'
FayetteWashington
Mercer
Crawford
CrawfordI
Crawford

l.

12

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Dauchey. Elva Eo,
Davis, Harry Ho,

Springboro,
New Castl.",

Crawf<-rd
Lawrence

Dewey, Flora Eo,
Doing. Lillie Mo,
Duntley, Ross H.,

Wayland,
Edmboro,
Smethport,

Crawford
Erie
McKean

"Early, Sadie,
"Early, Mollie E.,
"Eldred, Maye,
~llis, Porter W 0'
Ellsworth, Elmer J.,

]'ittsburg,
Pittsburg,
Titusville,
North Springfield,
Ivarea,

Allegheny
Allegheny
Crawford
Erie
Erie

Ekln, Grace,
~arley, Lydia M.,

McKeesport,
Sterling Run,

Allegher.y
Cameron

~reeman, Dilla Zo,
.Mosieliow~,
Fuller, Ho Gratz,
Harmonsburg,
-Guenther. Kate,
Tionesta,
Goodbin, Anna E.,
Sterrettania,
-Gridley, Clara R 0,Ulysses,

Crll.wford
Crawford
'Varren
Erie
Potter

Henne, Maggie,
Eenretta, E. James,
Hobbs, Jennie,
!!obb~, Etta J 0'
Holmes, Louie J 0,
Humes, Dennis E.,

Coal Hill,
Harmonsburg,
New Cumberland,
New Cumberland,
Cherry Grove,
Woodcockboro,

Houston, Jeannette,
Irons, Phebe,

Canonsburg,
Linesville,

Irwin, Cora Mo,

Coon's Comers,

Jackson, Myra E.,
Jameson, Flora J.,
Johnson, Erwin H 0,
;J ones, A~nes,

Spring Church,
Petrolia,
West Springfield,
Penfield,

Jones, Alfred,
Kazebe~, George M.,
Kelly, Tillie W.,
Kerr, Lydia,
Kinter, Alfred L.,
Kleckner, Minnie L.,
Larimer, Dovie,

Mammoth,
GeneTa,
Adamsville,
Gresham,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,

Lawther,
Langley,

W~itesburg,
Edmboro,

Ja~es H.,
Louis A.,

Venango
Crawford
Hancock, W 0Va.
Hancock, W. Va.
Warren
Crawford
Washington
Crawford
Crawford
Armstrong
Butler
Erie
Clearfield
Westmor<,land
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Armstron.g;
Ene

I

I

PENNSYLVANIA

I
[
i

l

Lewis, Frank L.,
Love, MabEllA.,
Marsh, R. T.,
Miller, Arthur 0.,
Miller, Melvin J.,
Minckley, Alice L.,
McGuire, Lulu C.,
McIlroy, Jos. W.,
McLaughlin, M. L"
McMurren, Durant L.,
McQuiHton,Rose L.,
Moriarty, Vinnie,
Morris, Frederic W.,
Morris, Minnie E.,
Morrow, Jennie,
Mumford, Aaron W.,
Murdoch, Grant B.,
Nash, Mary,
Newsham,F. W.,
Nelson, JamesN.,
Neyland,Mynnie L.,
Newhard, Myrta,
Pettit, Flora,
Pearson,Lila M.,
Perry, Mary,
Polly, Louise L.,
Pomerf>Y,Edith M .,Roulette,
Pond, Emma E.,
Platt, Maggie M.,
Rankin, Jennie C.,
Re3d,Edith S.,
Reed, MaloyE.,
Reeder,Anna G.,
Rice, Lucy,
Robinson, Edith,
Robinson, Lou,
Roney,Emma M.,
Rice, Homer,
Ryan; T. M.,

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

13

Mosiertown,
West Millcreek,
Waterford,
Edinboro,
Gene,a.,
Troy Center,
Conneautville,
Cochranton,
Crossingville,
Grceil'fille,
Adamsville,
Emlenton,
Vroman,
Meadville,
Rundells,
Calvin's Corners,
Cool Spring,
Crossingville,
Wattsburg,
Cochranton, .Cra-:vford\
Guy's Mills,
Saegertown,
Deckards,
London,
Mill Village,
Bousson,

Crawford'
Erie
Erie'
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Mercer
Crawford
VenangoCrawford
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Jeffp,rson
Crawford
Erie

Townville,
Edinburo,
Boston,
Worth,
West Millcreek,
Edinboro,
New Greenport,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Hazlewood,
New Freeport,
McLallen's Corners,

Crawford
Crawford
Cr..wford
MercerErie
Crawford
Potter
Crawford
ErieAllegheny
MercerErie
Erie
Greene
ErieErie
Allegheny
Greene
Erie-

'-

14

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Saligbury, Edna 0.,
Scott, Walter R.,
SibbIe, John E.,
Sherrets,Lottie B.,
Sutherland, John T.,
Southwick, Pearl T.,
Spaulding, Garner,
Spaulding, Inez,
Smith, Edward C.,
Stancliff, Mary A,
Stuart, Ross R.,
Taylor, Cariton J.,
Vogan, Anna,
Wade, Margaret M.,
White, Cora,
White, Guy,
Whitman, Chas. R.,
Williams, Flora R.,
Woods, William W.,
Woodward, Peter M.,
Young, Merton T.,
Zimmerman, Westley C.,

Emlenton,
Holbrook,
Edinboro,
Venango,
Beaver,
Glyndon,
Pennside,
Edinboro,
Albion,
Edinboro,
Sligo,
Edinboro,
Grove City,
Edmboro,
Bradleytown,
Deep Valley,
Edinboro,
McReesport,
New Bedford,
Edinboro,
Girard,
Strabane,

Venango
Gret'ne
Erie
Crawford
Beavel
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Clarion
Erie
Mercer
Erie
Vcnango
Greene
Erie
Allegheny
Lawrence
Erie
Erie
Washington

§!!>tu0lent~not @fa~~ifiecl.

c
f

,

f.
:
:

.Aggers,Geo.c.,
.Aiken,.Anna,
.Alcorn,Olga R.,
.Aldrich, Nellie,
.Anderson,Eugene,
Anderson, Shirden,
.Andrews,Charley,
Archer, Clarinda,
Austin, Maud,
Bacon,Aibert,
Baily, Ella J.,

Edinburo,
Mt. Jackson,
Gresham,
East Springfield,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Tionesta,
Hydetown,
Hydetown,
MoBiertown,
Jamestown,

Erie
Lawrence
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Forest
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Mercer

Baker, Daisy B.,
Baldwin, Carl W.,

Greenville,
Edinboro,

Baldwin, Edith J.,
Baldwin, Homer A.,
Barnes,Hattie M.,

Edinboro,
Guy's Mills,
Albion,

Erie
Crawford
Erie

Barrett. William E.,
Bartholomew, Arthur G.,
Bartlett, E. J.,
Beals,F. R.,
Bennett, Adda A.,
Bennett, Grace,
Birchard, Edgar,
BiflScll, Clarence,
Black, Joseph F.,
Black, Katie,
Bliley, Ross A.,
Boal, Belle,
Borst, Edward,
Bowen, Herbert L.,

McLane,
Norrisville,
Richardsville,
Bear Lake,
Franklin Corners,
Franklin Corners,
Woodcock,
Nasby,
Saint Joe,
Saint Joe,
Wesleyville,
Cochranton.
Ulysses,
Linesville,

Erie
Crawford
Jefferson
Warren
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Butler
Butler
Erie
Crawford
Potter
Crawford

Mercer
Erie

16

PENNSYLVANIA

Bower, GeorgeE.,
Boyd, Warren J.,
Brecht, Frank C.,
Bright, Evelyn,
Brightman, Iona,
Brown, Nora,
Brown, Ward F.,
Byerly, J. A.,
Byham, Robert W.,
Burger, May L.,
Burnley, Libbie E.,
Carroll, Etta J.,
Campbell,GeorgeW.,
Catlin, Leslie,
Campbell,Alice,
Caughey,Edwin,
Cheesman,Will A.,
Cla1k:,Herbert J..
Cooper,SamuelA.,
Cooper,Jos. W.,
Coulter, NiDa,
Colvin, Hattie,
Courtney,Leon F.,
Cowell,A. H.,
Cowen,John H.,
Crowell, Ashley W.,
Crandall, Thomas,
Culbertson,Lottie.
Davison, Leanna H.,
Davis, Ira W.,
Davis, Harry J.,
Dean, Lettie,
Deeter,J. E.,
Dennington,Jeannett~,
Dexter, Jas. Levern,
Dewey, Clara,
Dickey, Jeannette,
Dickinson, Geo.E.,
Dowler, Alice C..

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Venus,
Coon's Corners,
Wesleyville,
Greenville,
Centerville,
Albion,
Punxsutawne~,
Tionesta,
Guy's Mills,
Mill Village.
North East,
Union City,
Cherry Hill,
NewtowlJ,
Kittanning,
West Millcreek,
Miles Grove,
Grand Valley,
Geneva,
Mattituck,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Guy's Mills,
Wesleyville,
Edinboro,
Milledgeville,
McLane,
Edinboro,
Harborcre~k,
Osborn,
Wampum,
Edinboro,
Mill Village,
Deckards,
Mill Village,
Wayland,
Espyville,
Ridgway,
Centreville,

Venango
Crawford.
Erie
Mercer
Crawford
Erie
Jefferson
Forest
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Forest
Armstrong
Erie
Erie
'Varren
Crawford
Suffolk, N.Y.
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Mercer
Erie
Erie
Erie
Mercer
LaWlence
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Elk
Crawford

~-

I

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Donovan, Kittie,
Doing, John H.,
Drake, Harry,
Dreffenbacher,Vallie,
Duffield, Bert,
Edson,Effie,
Elwood,Effie,
Eldridge, Chester D.,
Evans.W. G.,
Evans,Lena N.,
Evans,Harry,
Eastman,Nora,
Faulk, OzmerB.,
Fleek, BerJliceA.,
Flynn, John F.,
Foster, Olive A.,
Frampton, Frank H,
Freed,Dempsey,
Fuller, H. Gratz,
Galusha,
Ella,G.,
Gates,
Dorie

"r

:

~

"

Gere,.
""
,

:','
c'

Charles

GherIng,

H.,

Anna,

Gillaspie, Ida J.,

.

i,'

Gll1espie.

.~

Gilmore,

Sadie,
Loey

Kersey,
Edinboro,
Little Cooley,
Butler,
Plum,
Westford,
Atlantic,
East Springfield,
Richardsville,
Fairview,
Erie,
McLane,
Ringgold,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Franklin,
Rlngl'old,
Moyer,
Harmonsburg,
Brockwayville,
Pont,

Ell'
ErifY
Crawford
Butler
Venango
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
Jefferson
Erie
ErifY
Eri0
Jefferson
ErifY
ErifY
Venango
Jefferson
FayettfY
Crawford
Jefferson
Crawford

Princeton,

Lawrence'

Gresham,

Crawfor{$

Black Ash,

Crawford!

Waterford,
A.,

Gilson, Geo. B.,
Gilson, Martha,
'i ~i GOOd~Ch,
Mary,
I. i GoodrIch,Em~a,

17

New

York

Erie'
City,

N.

Y.

1

Vroman
Barnes,
Titusville,
Edinboro,

Crawford!
Warren
crawfo~d
ErIt'

r

Worth,
Titusville,
Hickernells,

Mercer
Crawford
Crawford

Gordon,Carl W.,
' Gorsuch,A~ico M.,
c Graham, Mmta,
Greena~alt, Clara R.,
Griffith, :M:ianieC.,
Harris, Norman,
Hanson, Alice S..
Hawkins, Ida,
Harrison, Irene E.,

West Newton,
Centreville,
McLane,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Vroman,

Westmoreland
Crawford
EriE!
ErifY
Erie
Crawford

~

,

r"'""

18

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Hawk, May S.,
Hamilton, Anna M.,
Hamilton, Jeannette,
Harrison, May,
Harrison, Minnie,
Haslette, SarahA.,
Harrison, Joseph,
.Harrison,
Lottie E.,
Henderson,Arthnr,
Henry, May,
Henninger, Chas.,
.Henry,Ly man G.,
Hickok, Grace E.,
Hickernell, Anna,
Hipple, Sadie,
Hopkin8, Minnie,
Howard, Bertha F.,
Hogue, Florence,
Holben, Calvin A.,
Huffman, Lizzie,
Humes, D. E"
Humphrys, Frank R.,
Iron9, Frank W.,
Jackson, E. S.,
Jackson, Edith,
Jeffords Edson E.,
Johnson, Giles,
Kearney, Hugh A.,
Kinter, Alfred L.,
Kearney, Thomas,
Kearney,Bobt. A.,
Kelly, Tillie W.,
Kendall, F. J.,
Kerr, Tillie,
Kerr, Bert A..
Xingsley, Emma,
Kingsley, Edna V.,
Kleckner, Adda L.,
Klingensmith, Mary A.,

Dime,
Geneva,
Geneva,
McL3.ne,
Vroman,
Belleville,
Vroman,
Franklin Corners,
McKeesport,
Knapp's Creek,
Butler,
Miller's Station,
Edinboro,
Hickernell's Corners,
Waterford,
Rundells,
Franklin Corners,
Edinboro,
Ringgold,
Ninevab,
Woodcackboro,
Lane's Mills,
L1nesville,
Spring Church,
Troy Centre,
McLane,
Grand Valley,
Brockwayville,
Edinboro,
Brockwayville,
Brockwayville,
Adamsville,
Centre Road,
Gre9ham,
Wilkinsburg,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Dime,

Armstrong
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
Crawford
Miffiin
Crawford
Erie
Allegheny
Allegheny
Butler
Crawford
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Crawford
:Erie
Erie
Jefferson
Greene
Crawford
Jeffersun
Crawford
Armstrong
Cr!l.wford
Erie
Warren
Jefferson
Erie
Jefferson
"Jefferson
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Allegheny
Erie
Erie
Erie
Armstrong

I

I
PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

;;i

19

-Landis,Clara K. ,
L!Lng,Sadie,
J~each,Jennie,
_Leehan,Maggie,
-Leo, Maggie,
Lewis, Cora M.,
Logan, Anna M.,
Long, Maude,
Love, Brice D.,
Lupher, Lottie,
Maizland, John L.,
"Marsh,Wilbur C.,
MatheIs, Addie,
Matteson, Emma M.,
Marshall, Irene,
McArthur, Emma,
McBride, Adda,
McCarty, Florence,
McCarty, Julia,
McCILndlisb,
Eva A.,
McCleery,J. Smith,
McLallen, Clyde,
McClure,Hettie E.,
McClure, Sallie,

Avonia,
Cochranton,
Waterford,
Lavpry,
Meadville,
Spartansburg,
Logansport,
Lindsey,
West Millcreek,
Townville,
Saxonbury,
McLane,
Geneva,
C~mbridgeboro,
Barnes,
Westford,
Seneca,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Ethel Landing,
Black Ash,
McLellan's Corners,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,

Erie
Crawford
Erie
Elie
Crawford
Crawford
Armstrong
Jefferson
Erie
Crawford
Butler
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Warren
Crawford
Venango
Erie
Erie
Beaver
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie

McCready,Lizzie,
McEnery, Maggie,
McKelvey, F. A.,
McKenzie,Jennie,
McKnifJht,Jas. L.,
McLallen, Blanche,
McLallen,Jas. I.,
McLaughlin, Abbie,
McLaughlin, Allie,
-McMillen, Frank,
McMurren, Durant L.,
Miller, Maggie,
Miller, Amanda,
Meehan,Aggie,
~Ietzenbacher, Will,

New Bedford,
Bell Valley,
Atlantic.
Beaver Falls,
Buena Vista,
McLellan's Corners,
McLellan's Corners,
Crossingville,
Crossingville,
Norrisville,
Greenville,
Atlantic,
Cherry Grove,
Wesleyville,
Woodcock,

Lawrence
Erie
Crawford
Beaver
Allegheny
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Mercer
Clawford
Warren
Erie
Crawford

20

PENNSYLVANIA

Miner, Irvin C.,
Morris, Frederic W.
"Morris,Winnie,
Morris,J. S.,
Moore, Flora M.,
Mumford, Aaron W.,
Mushrush, David McE..
Nash,:M:s,ry,
Nelson,Jessie,
Nelson, Nettie,
Nelson. Geo. W.,
Nelson,F. F.,
'Newhard,Merta,
Newhard, Mary,
Niles, Nettie,
Noyes, Lena,
Nye, MeenaH.,
Null, Mary,
Osborn,May
O'Neill. Nora,
Parker, Emma,
Patterson, Pearl,
Patterson, Helen,
Parry, Edith,
PerJdnu,Fred,
Peters, AddaM.,
Petitt, Alfred E.,
Phelps,GraceE.,
Phelps, Lillian,
Phillip., Ada,
Phillips, JudsonA..
Pittinger, Jas, S.,
Pollock, Susie,F.,
Pratt, Emma,
Purtill, Lizzie.
Porter, Grace A.,
Quay, :Belle,
Ralston, Allie B.,
Beno, Hannah, M-.

~---c-c

~-

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Waterford,
Vroman,
Mayville,
Rundell's,
Pulaski,
Calvin's Corners,
Stony Point,
Crossingville,
Hickernell,
Hickernell,
Hlckernell,
London,
Springboro,
Sprlngboro,
Edinboro,
Francis,
Cllstards,
WashIngton,
McLane,
Edinboro,
North East,
Edinboro,
Flanklin,
Higbee,
Miller's Station,
Deckards,
Deckards,
Edinboro,
Waterford,
Cannonsburg,
Lundy's Lane,
Fairview,
McKeesport,
Edinboro,
Titusville,
McLane,
:Mill Village,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,

Erie
Crawfor<1l
Mercer
Crawford
Law r-~nce
Crawford
Crawford
Crawf ord
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Mercer
Crawford
Cruwford
Erie
ErieCrawford.
WashingtonErieErie
Erie
ErIe
Venango
GreeneCrawford
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Allegheny
Erie
Hanco:Jk,W. Va.
Allegheny
Erie
Crawford
Erie
ErieEric
Erie-

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

21

meed,J. Wilbur,
ReeBer,Laura,
Rhodes,ShermanJ.,
Rice, Charley H.,
Roney, Emma,
"Roland,Geo.H.,
Roberts,John E.,
Roe, Minnie,
Roberts, 'l'homa. C.,
RobinBon,Thom&8,
Root, George B.,
Russell, Nettie,
Ryan, Bell,
Ryan, Laura,
~yan, Agnes,
ReagJe,Angus,
'Sauers,Anna,
'Sauers,Maggie,
Sanderson,J. F.,

Erie,
Franklin.
Osborn,
New Freeport,
Worthington,
Avonla,
Atlantic,
Seneca,
Kennard,
Lowvllle,
Erie,
Geneva,
Falrview,
Fairview,
Llnesville,
Raymilton,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Steamburg,

Erie
Venango
Mercer
Greene
Armstrong
Erie
Crawford
Venango
Mercer
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Venango
Erie
Eritl
Crawford

'Sampson,Emma,
'Shultz, Martha, J.,
Shaw, Clifton,
'Sherman, Olive G.,
'Shelvey,James E.,
Sherman, LlnaL.,
'Shawkey,Minnie A.,
"Sheldon,Carrie,
Sherrod, Hetta,
Sherrod, Pearl,
Skinner, Adda E.,
Skelton, Eme,
'Smlley, E. M.,
Smith, Maurice,
Smith, Edward C.,
Smock, Monroe,
Spaulding, Garner,
Spaulding, Inez,
Bparks, SamuelC.,
Spence,Benton, C.,

SeattJe,
Girard,
Linesville,
Edinboro,
Crossingvill~,
West Millcreek,
Tionesta,
Springboro,
Edlnboro,
Edlnboro,
McLane,
Venango,
Mill Village,
McLane,
Albion,
Geneva,
Pennside,
Edinboro,
Brockport,
Avonla,

Washington
Erie
Cra~ford
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Forest
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Elk
Erl;)

;':t;

22

PENNSYLVANIA

Strawbridge, Ben Alex.,
Steadman,Burt,
Stewart, Reba, ,
Sturtevant, Jennie,
Stanford, Kate,
Swift, Lizzie,
Tate, Bertha,
Tate, Id3.,
Tcb:n, Anise,
Thomas,:Grant,
Thompson, William,
TJffallY,Agnes D -,
Timmons, John,
Thomas: Vernon D.,
Van Sickle, Blanche,
Van Naten, Bert K. ,
Vaughn, John M.,
Vogan,Anna,
Vrooman,Bertha A.,
Vandervort, Anna,
Walsh, Lena:G.,
Walton, Lulu A.,
Wakeley,Chas. 0.,
Washburn, Burt 0.,
Weber,Anna C.,
Webster, Mary E.,
Whipple, David A.,
White, Guy,
Whitely, Cora,
Wiard, I;[enry W.,
Wildman, Bert,
Williams, Cora B.,
Williams, OrenT.,
Wilson, Anna L.,
Wiseman,Anna,
Wiseman, Emma,
Wood, Wm. C.,
Woodward,Emma,
\v ri.%"llt,Alio6 E.,

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Townville,
Edinboro,
Vroman,
Springboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Belle: Valley,
Erie,
Crossin;r.ville,
Hulton,
SandyLake,
Edinboro,
Pittsburg,
Woodcock,
Franklin,
Cooperstown,
Crossingville,
-Grove~City,
!!ydetown,
Edinboro,
Linesville,
Centre Road Station,
Greenfield,
Franklin Corners
Plummer,
Fairvie,v,
Edinboro,
Deep Valley,
Mill Village,
Crossingville,
Greenfield,
North East,
Big Bend,
Edinboro,
Drake's Mills,
Drake's Mills, .Crawford.
Sheffield,
Edinboro,
Erie,

Crawforw
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
ErieErie
Erie
Crawford
AlleghenyMerlJer
Erie
Allegheny
Crawford
Venango,!
Venango
Crawford
Mercer
Crawford
Erie
Crawford
Crawford
Erie
ErieVellango..
Erie
ErieGreene
Erie
Crawford
Erie
Erie
Venango"
Erie,
Crawford,
Warre&
Erie
Erie-

,{
..

i

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

23
i

Zalln, George W.,
Zehner, Lizzie,
Zillafro,

Em~a,

Swan\ille,
New Castle,

Eric'
Lawrence

Southard,

,

McK~an,

-I--"'>'--!-

i

~OlPJt-~ra"eluate
il!>tuqentlPJ.
Andel'9On, Etta, B. E. D.,
Owen, Burton A., B. E. D.,
Paden, Iona, A. B.,

Edinboro.
Edinboro,
Petersburg, '

Reeder, Charles J., B. E. D.,

Edinboro,

Erie
Erie!
Mahoning, Ohio
Erie

-I--""'--!-

il!>tu"elentli>
JfoP"0liW ~unior @ertificate~

~~lPJueqf)rior ~~~~.

Bayle, Burdette,
Bradley, Orin C.,

McLane,
'Vallaceville,

Culbertson, Elizabeth,
Cutler, Alice,
Farnsworth, Annie,
Gleeton, W. Milo,

Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Shemeld,
Itley,

Henninger, John,
Lachner, George W.,
Mitchell, F. W.,
Stancliff, Thomas E.,
Williams, Cora B.,
Wright, Earn(\st S.,

Butler,
Edinboro,
McKean,
Edinboro,
North East,
Franklin Center.

ErieVenangO"
ErieErie'
Warren
Erie
Butler
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie

~-~
il!>ummar~.
I
\
I
i

~

i

PostGraduates
Graduates
.Seniors
Juniors
Unclassified

4:
86
94
141
345

Mode] School

208

Total.

878

-

.
J-fa~-~oo*

an"0l (§ircufar.

_HIS
SCHOOL is designed for the education and training of teacher5.
IIIA15.Its equipment, its studiei, and its methods of instruction and government are designed to prepare iti student. for efficiency as teachers.

CHARACTER OF NORMAL SCHOOLS.
The work of all schoolsis cultore and development-preparation for
1ife. The work of special 8chools it development in some sp~cial direction; ~preparationfor a. special work in life. The work of a Normal
School is development in the 1direction of teaching. The chief problem
in education i~ to secure good teachers. Normal Schooleare designed
not to give teaching talent, but to develop and train the natural talents
p.nd powers of their students. The power to teach can be improved in
Qnly two ways, viz: study and practice without a teacher-that is, by
experienc!) in the school room; or study and practice with a teacherthat is, at a Normal School. The latter is the boet and cheapestmethod
-as Roger Ascham says: "Learning teacheth more in one year than
experience in twenty."
No interest is more precious, no work calls for higher pO\Ver5and
wisdom than the education of the children. To care for a single child,
to prepare him to enter upon the duties of life with a strong body, ~
sound mind, a pure soul and a cheerful spirit is a work requiring higher
wisdom than any other humn.n labor. To perform this work requires
liberal culture, a knowledge ef the ml\ntal and moral p()~ers, and a skill
in persuading and itimulating children to right action. To succeed in it
requires long and careful pr6paration, and this, experience has proved
can best be made in Normal Schools. Normal Schools are deemed of
such vital importance to the public school system that they are found in
every civilized country.
MEANS
EMPLOYED
To TRAIN TEACHERS.I
These
are-study,
recit!ttion,
reading,
observation, practice, and in.!
struction.
1. STUDY-Student teachers are taught how to, study that they may
acquire study power, and that they may know how to teach others to
study. Studentsare assigneddefinite lessons,and shown how to prepare
them. They ar() taught that the lessonis to be learned chiefly for its in-

PE~NSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

fluence on the mind. They are invited to work for the reaction of the
work 011themselves. They are directed as follows:
1. Have fixed, regular and definite hours for each study.
2. While studying, work with the greatestpossible energy.
3. Give the attention to one point of the le~on at a time, and mas,ter each point separately.
4. Study the relation of the parts after each part is known.
5. Be prompt and faithful in devoting the assignedhours to study,
and none but assignedhours.
As a guide to the value or study, they are directed to measure the
profits of study by the following rules:
1. The vi.lue of study, ceteri.9paribtlS, vltries a~the time spent in
study.
2. The value varies as the square of the energy.
3. The value varies as the square of the interest.
4. The value varies as the cube'of the methods.
5. The value varies as the fourth power of the quality.
6. The value of school study varies as the spirit of willing obedience.
2. RECITATIoN.-Students in the Normal School recite as teacher~.
They stand before the class, and with voice and crayon Axplain the subject in their own language. By recitation they show whether they have
.an accurate knowledge of the subject, and whether they can express
their kn.wledge in a way to make it clear to others. RAci~ingasteachers
they receive no help. They learn the limits of their own acquaintance
with the subject, and learn what yet remains for them to acquire.
By their efforts to teach the lesson they acquire teaching power. They
bring out clearly their own resources and learn how to use them; they
.acquire self discipline and the art of self culture. Each member of the
class,while others are reciting, is both pupil and critic. As a pupil he
is attending tG the recitation, and as a critic he is observing the reciting
student and ~judging him by his own standard of good teaching. The
Normal School teachers,in giving instruction, I\im to act as model teachers, and thus student teachers,even unconsciously at recitation, become
acquainted wlth methods of teaching.
3. READING.-One great defect in schol)lsis that pupils and students
think they must have help or they can do nothing for themselves. The
idea has been growing of late that teachersare to carry pupils along.
make their work easy, or relic\"e them of it a1togetlier. In too few cases
do the children :understand that the teachers are their guides to direct
them in their work, and are friends to encourage them to work for them.selves.

26

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMA:':" SCHOOL.

In order tb bring out students to independent thought and effort, and,
to infuse them with a spirit of progress"ve have provided an excellent
.library.
Students are directed to the bestworks for their individual culture; are stimulated to read for improvement, and are tau~ht to be theirown teachers. They are frequently directed to the biography of men
and women who have made vast and valuable attainments, and are encouraged to use the library for independent, individual improvement.
The library is rich in works upon teaching, and students are taught to
select, reai and digest the thoughts of ~ducational writers. The library
contains many school repQrtsand edooational journals, and studentsglean
from them most valuable hints and suggestions; such as how to perform
this, that, and other school dutIes.
4. OBSERVATION.-Students
are advised to note and study the melh.ods
of their class-ro(\mteachers, the methods of the student teacherS'
when reciting, and to visit the student practice teachers in the l'vlodel
School. They are questioned and ~nc9uragedto compare the work they
see with the views expressedby teachers and writers, and thus become
thinkers for themselves.,
5. PRAcTICE.-ThePennsylvania Normal School system requires a
school of practice in connection With each of the State Normal Schools.
Our school is provided with II.practice department of two hundred pupils.
In this school students who have had instruction in the principles of education can practice under the direction of the superintendent of that
department, and test themselvesand th~ir theories.
COURSES

OF STUDY;

There are two coursesof study in the Normal Schools of Pennsylvania,
termed Elementary and Scientific.I
ELEMENTARY

~OURSE

OF STUDY,

This work covers two years, and the work is divided as follows:
JUNIOR

WORK.

PEDAGOGICS.-School
Management; Primary Methods.
LANGUAGE.-Orthography; Reading; English Grammar, including

iff
,I
Ii..
.ment;

Composition.
LATIN.-Grammar and Reader preparatory to Caesar.
MATHEMATICS.-Arithmetic, except mensuration; Elementary Al.
gebra.
.
NATURAL
SCIENCES.-Physiology
and Hygiene.
HISTORICAL
SC~CEs.:-Hi$~r.y of the Unit:d States; Ci~l GovernGeography, IncludIng PohtIcal, Mathematical and Physical.,

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

27

ARTs.-Penmanship: To be able to explain and teach some approver:t:
system. "\Vriting to be submitted to the Boal-dof Examiners.
Drawing: A daily exercise for at least twenty-eight weeks. Work..
to be submitted to the Board of Examiners.
Book-keeping: Single entry, sevenweeks.
, V 0001Music: Elementary principles, and attendance upon daily.exercises
for at least one thu'd of a year.
SENIOR

WORI(,

PEDAGOGICS.-Psychology;
Methods; History of Education; Modey..
School 'Vork-at least twenty-one weeksof actual teaching, daily, during
one period of not less than forty-five miputes; a Tllesis on professionaf
subjects.
LANGUAGE.-Theoutlines of Rhetoric, together with at least a fourteen-,ve<-~s'course in EngIish;Literature, including the thorough study of"
one selection from each of four English Classics; Latin, Caesar through
the Helvetian War.
.
MATHEMATIcs.-Anthmetic, l\'Iensuration; Plane Geometl"y.
NATURAL
ScIENCES.-Ele1Dentary
Natural Philosophy; Botany.
HISTORICAL
SCIEKcEs.:-Readingof General HIstOry, in connectioll'
with the Histo!y of :jj;4ucation.
ARTo-Elocutiollitry exercisesin conntctiou with the study of Eng.
lish Literature.
NORMAL

SCIENTIFIC

COURSE.

This includes the whole of the Elementary Course and Trigonometry, Surveying, Analytical Geometry, Calculus, Chemistry, Zoology, Geology, General History, Astronomy, Logic, Moral Philosophy, Latin.
IJjj'"-French and German may be substituted for a portion of theHigher Mathematics.
Time required to complete the Elementary Course: Holders of a
Teacher's Certificate averagillg 1! can usually complete the Elementary
Coursc in two years. Graduates 'of ¥igh Schools, Seminariee, and advanced Academies can usually complete in one year. It takes two years,
additional to complete the Scientific Course.. Students can enter the'
course at any stage of progress,and be allowed credit for all the studies.
~ith which they are thoroughly acquainted. None can graduate without
attending here one-half of a school year0
EXAMINATION

FOR

ADMISSION

TO

SENIOR

CLASS.

1. Admission to the Senior Class shall be determined by the State
Board of Examiners at the annual examination by the Board.
2. In order to be admittid into the Senior Class,students must be
qualYied in the studies of the Junior Course,with the exception of that

I

.
28

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

in Pedagogics,which shall be deferred to the Senior year. Such examination in the studies of the Junior Courseto be final.
3. Any person or personsnot in actual attendanceduring the Spring
:session,if recommended bv the Faculty, may be examined in the Junior
~tudies, at the opening of the Fall Term, by the Principal and the two
;Superintendents,who are members of the State Board, and the examination papers, if approved by these three examiners, shall be submitted to
-the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and if he approve them, the
person or pel'Sonswho prepared them shall be admitted into the Senior

Class.
EXAMINATION

FOR

GRADUATION.

Candidates for examination are examined twice; first, by the Faculty
.of the school, called Primary Examination, and next by a committee appointed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, called Final Exam'ination.
The Faculty examine the candidates thoroughly and cntically upon
&ll the studies of the course, and if satisfied with the scholarship,teaching power and character of candidates, certify the same to the Board of
Examiners for final examination. By a recent decision the vote of the
Faculty must be unanimous, or the student cannot be admitted to examination before the Final Board.
The Board of Examiners consistsof the State Superintendent,the
principal of the School,the principal of one other State Normal School.
and two County or City Superintendents, the last three of whom are ap"pointed by the State Superintendent.
The Board of Examiners test the scholarship and mental power of
-the candidates, and give Diplomas to those for whom four of the five
members of the Board vote.
DIPLOMAS.

Graduates receive a Diploma and Degree ot Bachelor of Elementary
Didactics. The Diploma is a certificate, valid in all part8 of the State,
and exempts the holder from any further examination by any officer acting under the provi~ons of the Common School System of Pennsylvania.
APPARATUS

AND

CABINETS.

The following is a partial list of the apparatus belonging to the school
with the greatl1rportion of which the student becomesfamiliar:
Instruments of measurement,length, weight and capacity; instruments for illustrating and measuring physical force3 for illustrating prin{)iples of machinery for illustrating and determining specific gravity; for
~xemplifying principle3 of hydrostatics, hydraulics, pheum!!.tic3,optics,

r

'

I

I

r

.
~O

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

The books are classified and shelved so as to be easyof consultlttion,
,and students are urged to take, read and inwardly digest. The library is
-onestrong feature or the school, and largely increasesthe value of study
'here. The books are classified as fo11ows:
1. Works of reference. Among these are the new American Cyclapredia,Encyclopredia B;:itannica, Chambers' Cyclopredia,Johnson's Cyclo-predia,Brandis' Cyclopredia,Hammersley's Naval Cyclopredia,Cyclopredia
of Education, Lippincott's Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary, Drake's
American Biographical Dictionary, .A.11ibone's
Dictionary of Autbors, and
-Gazetteers,AtJassesand Dictionaries of various subjects and languages.
2. 'Yorks upon teaching. In this classare over 1,000 volumes, in-cluding nearly every book named in the Tor~nto Pedagogical Library
Catalogue. Also bound volumes of the Pennsylvania School Journal,
otheNewYork Teacher, Barnard's Journal of EduC',ation,:qeports of the
American Institute of Instruction,:Reports and Addressesof the National
Educational ~ssociatioD,and many valuable State and City School Re-ports. Of the 1,000 v01umes racently added, about one-half belong to
the Department of Teaching. The school possesees
the' second best colJection on this subject in the United States.
3. Periodical Literature. Fu11setsof bound volumes of the fo11owlng periodicals are in this class: Harper's Weekly, Harper's Monthly
Magazine, At1antic Monthly, Galaxy, Lippincott's Magazine, Popular
-Science Monthly, American Naturalist, Quarterly Magazine, London;
The Natio:1.
4. Biography.
5. Travel.

6. Historv.
7.

General Literature and Criticism.

8. Science.
9. Poetry.
10. Fiction.
11. Mental Science.
12. Social and Political Economy.
13. A~riculture and the Arts.
14. Misce11aneous.
On the reading tables are the current numbers of the leading educational, literary and scientific periodicals.
In order tQ enable students to use the Library with the most profit,
we invite their aLtention to these suggestions:
1. Visit the Libral"y daily at a regular hour.
2. Keep \vith you a memorandum book for recording dates and
-suggestions,and keeping a record of your reading.
3. Learn the classIficationand arrangQmentof the Library, so as to
know where to look for inf(}rmation.

.

PENNSYLVANIA

ST~-\.TENORMAL SCHOOL.

31

4. Use the reference books as soon as you dtsire explanation of allusions and difficulty.
5. To read, mark and inwardly digest all the 6,000volumes In the
Library is impossible. Selecta few with care and read them tboroughly.
6. Examine many others and re'l,da little in them. Rufus Choate
arranged a course of reading and study for a friend, ,vhich included no
eomplete book, but choice portions of mallY books.
7. Read not simply for information, but also for inspirf'tion.
8. If the author i8 one to elel'ate and expand the mind, the second
reading i!Sbetter than the first. The mind is best disciplined by repeated
perusals of a few great models.
9. Read a variety of book!! adapted to exercise the different powers
{)f the mind. Do not limit the reading to one line of thought.
10. Often revie\v your memoranda and recall your readings. Let
the recall cultivate the un~erstanding and the reason,and quicken th~
higher faculties of the mind.
11. Consult maps, dictionaries and other reference works, so a8to
understand clearly a.ll you read.
12. Every day sum up yonr reading, take an account of stock and
see what real attainments YOllhave made. Condense your acquisition
with a few statementsand 2ecurethesepermanently.
13. Read \vith energy. A. R. Spoffard can read an ordinary 12 mo.
volume of 800 pages in about fifteen minutQs.
14. Never let the mind lie dormant while reading. To have
thought run in and out of the mind without mental effort to grasp and
retain something is the dullest of all idleness.
:"".~ 15. Learn to educate yourself by reading, and prepare yourself to
direct the reading of others.
16. Make a list of topics you intend to read; lool\: over the liit and
modify it from time to tIme.
17. "Vhen you cannot find what you want ask tbeaid of the Librar-

ian.

LITERARY

SOCIETIES

AND

EXERCISES..

Two Literary Societies,the Polter and Ever~tt, hold regular sessions
Saturday afternoons. Each occupies a plelLsaint;
hall, 25x40; f1fichhall is
richly fllrnil3hed with carpets, curtain~ and chR.irs. A fine square piano
marble.topped tables,and upholstered chaira occupy the rostI:um. These
ha.lls are occupied by the societies only, and the students take great interest and pride in their society relations and \vork. They enjoy abun.
dant opportunity for pri"ate practice and rehearsalsbefore giving their
exercisegin public meetings. Debating and other litera.ry societies mAet
weekly, and all students are free to join or not, as each prefers.

,",

M~ic

"* S@)ele1artment.

The authorities of the Normal School in order to give better facilities.
to teachersand prepare them for the highest service in the schoolshave
organized a Musical Department. The aim of this Department is to prepare teachers for leading the music in public schools and for skill in
teaching music. An extended and thorough course is offered in each.
branch, each being carefully graded. Below is given an outline of the
work to be gone over, subject to change "acc@rdingto the needs of thepupil:

PIANO.

In six grades-Mechanical Studies:
Spindler,Op.131.
Czerny,Op. 636. Bk. 2.
Kohler, Op. 162 & 151.
Le Couppey, Op. 20.
Gurlitt, Op. 83 Bk. 1.
Schmitt, Op. 16.
LeCouppey, Op. 17,
Dtlvernoy, Op. 120.
Kohler, Op. 50.
Doring, Op. 24.
Doring, Op. 8. Bk. 1.
Czerny,Op. 118.
Gurlitt, Op. 83, Bk. 2.
Loeschorn, Op. 66.
Czerny, Op. 553.
Krause, Op. 5.
Kullak, Bk. 2.
Cramer, High ClassEtudes.
In addition to these,seleetionswill be made from the following Etudes
for rythm, phrasing and expression:Burgmuller, Op.100.
Spindler, Op. 273, Bk. 1.
Concone,°I-. 24.
Heller, 47.
Loeschorn, Op. 58 ,to'>2.
Heller, Op. 46, Bks. 1 & 2.
Heller, Op. 45, Bks.1, 2 &;3. Jensen,Op. 82, Three Bks.
The musical development will be made to keep pace with the mechanical execution by the study of pieces from the works of the masters, especial attention being given to the cultivation of a musical touch and a
correct interpretation of the standard works.
VOCAL

CULTURE.

The Department offers two courses. (1) A course for the thorough
training of teachers; (2) a course for persons wishing to become skilled
singers. The latter course may also be pursued by students wishing to-

.,

~~~S~L~~~ ,S~A~NQ1::t.MAL
SCHOOL 83
lear~ the proper
mal Department,
the c?urse.

use of ~~~ c!~~~~:~
co~~e,~~t~g~'.."tith studies in the N oralthough It'lSnOg':nec~S"Sary that such students complete

MItnY~~o~:,e.f:~~~~

f~i~ Y?1iC~~WMiG~.i~~Y:.'VIIi~tP

9q~ivate

suffiClent~Ytob~
~~t~~, ~?~~~,~~Iy,4~
~J~~\l:IglY!.i w~lle
t4ey...p,ave
not SUfficlentvolce ~~:~or rutislca1
,abilIty, ~o p~cQmeJPqQ4c
slM~rs..,~uch
pupils

n1AY pririiiie!thJ~p~;cial
:bbri;sJ:as far ascirHums~~ces
,maypei'I);lj,~.
'
",,!i
: :':
"r-"
,
TEACHERS'
'COURSE.
" ..:,
' ".." '
,
, ,,;'.
;",
".'." 'I ",;;
';;;,)
),J'[c/];e;

cr/\:~i~1~lfutti;haed
~~~~~~~i1;lf;~S!,~:

to,;~~c;~,.e~~~c~,v!j~ndPtacti~6l
s;\1P;J??fP~~e:~l~~i,

~C~I"t~(~hn:,c:~r~,~~f!tr~~;o~!~~

;:\:r~~

~I1q ~Uot~er
~UI."9ugaly,

~gr~~,~)!~~

,~tP;t¥8r+:.,,:f~,,~~~~*

~lyef;t?!!~;1Rl,~~~!~~9PI

f~!q

oourse'1rutlire',art
detaI!~:pett,a~nlD~~

defined!.

,,~Q;

:!

th~,SpeciaJ;(~'Ol'~(;tlllle

'

:::"..

b~mg

~B~ly~tlp~+~nd1ess"tostudle~

In :ex~cutii~n.

~:;,~;)~~..:s~~g~~,~r~!.1ilJ9,V.D,~?:Y3;,~e
~st teachers.
;P~rsOOSWlth
InferIor
,..,~:1e~:[!(i~ii k)~?~m~i e~F?)l:f(p~,t~ch~!~if
,ttieY:W.i.n.ihotoughly:
'JlIast~r the
pnnbiiJfes
of VOice trammg.
It 18, however, requIred
tba-tail,gpphct\nt&
for voice culture shall hl1/te;l!:Sofffi&en~'Wi~Yt6'~ing
from memorJ: some
,~im:l1)',m~~*!:
,,"!
: 'EXPENSES
L" i'

."

! '
"it ,t.",!,
.,OF" , MUSICOtPARTMENl:.

{;!i,

!':',i

'.,

cr': ,j,
.'

~

c.-

y';' ,r~I;~..;q?,IjI~ists 91: four~nweeks;'
'J!wo lessons ;perw~eJt.
Ql(qe~);>iarl9~YjqUu.,CQ~e~'WIM~,O:£twO)'e~Oh.:
,:.: '
.;:., .,$14 00
Ha:j'riiony and:Co~P9~itil:;l»(fOjxjn
:;
OJ:
"
."
,
clas&}eaCh,.".
;,. ;... .,.. ...,."5
00
A:n.Y't~ob~anclies;,s~~~.?:s
Y~ic,etJ'~d P~9
(two inolass) ",. .; ,
2400O~eiess~n'pel'
~e;ek rn'VOi~e, ~i~!:Ip~e;t~., (twq~class),...
i.. '.c' .",
'8~~:
Private lijSsons III Voice, Piano, etc.,. ...'.
,
'" ,. , 20
I;'r!vate lessons1nVoice,
Pfano,i;tc.:(6n;;p~r
~eek),..,..",
, .12 00
Rent of Piano, one period pel;:, dll,Y.. per ter~,. .~
, .,
2 00
Reu.tfO
."'
0
rgan,onepenodp3r'
day;perte~m,
c,",
:
!
,..,.
100
Rent ,of pedal Organ, one period per day, pert~rm.,
"..
5 00
SIllg)e
.., Classes
..e; :M:usical;Form
1 00
pnvate in lessons,
Sig!it-Singing,Histotj,
eaCh
are
" free to all music

studeu.ts.
,rhQs~ paying
fuU tuition
in the N orillal
Departille
nt' will
t;lUction of, 25 per cent. from the eatalogue'
price
for lessons.

receive

a re-

Instruments
will not be re»ted for less than one-half term.
Pupils entering fo;less1han
one fullterm
will be charged by the weekr
..,
,
,
oDe~fdurthbe!n~
added ,to, ~h!3 cataloEfue price,

;:' ..1,
c ;c;

,jifj J,o;

:

,:

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c:

j

;,. ."", "'1 C;""'l

;;"

34

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMA:':' SCHOOL.

Moqef ~cRoof.
The Model School occupies the first floors of two buildings, having
.a floor space of 13.300feet. This spacei~ divide~ into ten class rooms
for recitations, and three large study rooms,furltished with single de~ks
for the 225 pupils. The school is in charge of a Superinten directs the studie9of the pupils and instructs the assistautteachers,andthe
student teachers who conduct the classrecitations. This school afford3
~uperior mcilities for children from ilx to iixteen.
The members of the Senior clas~ are permitted to pr.actice in this
~chool. They have one period dg,ily for teaching and meet the Superinden~ of the school twice a wiek for criticism and instruction. One term
well used in the Model School has been known to do more for a teacher
in imparting skill than ~everalyears of school room work without advice.
Students are permitted to visit and observethe work of the Model
School whenever they have the time. Visitors to this department are
;tlways welcome.
PHYSICAL

TRAINING.

To do the bes~work the studentehoulc;lhave a healthy mind and a
healthy body Hoolth can be ma.intained only by regular, daily exercise.
Recognizing this fact, the school encourages physical training, and hag
endeavored to furnish means by which it canbe secured. Ample grounds
Are provided for ball, lawn tem'lis, croquet and similar games. Walking
~lub" are formed, which have beenthe source of much enjoyment to th(\
.,tudents. Lake Conneautteefurnishes ample opportunitie~ for boating
and skating. A large room has been fitted up for indoor ixercis8s, in
which laaies have a physical training class,and the gentlemen military
.drill.
OUR

STUDENTS.

Our studentsconiem ~inly from country homes where they have been
taught the virtues of industry, obedience, order, economy, self-denial,
self-help and fidelity. They come from homes of moderate means,where
education i" prized above money. They are almost universally good
students. A spirit of willing obedience,good conduct and faithful study
make a good student. Our students are willing workers. They know
that they must do their own work, and are profited by their own work
oI,lly. They study to learn and study to retain. They have the spirit of
self-help,asking only for counseland encouragement,desiring to perform
the work of learning for themselves.
REGULATIONS.

It is the aim of the teachers and of the government to lead the 8tudents to willing co-operation in the right and the good. It is the fixed

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

35

1;)urposeof the school to prepare the &tudent.sto control themselvesand
to control others. This is done by constant appeal to their understand.
ing and their reason. They are urged to resistthe impulses and passions
which oppose what reasonteaches as best. No minute and formal rules
;are published. All are ur"ed and stimulated by example and voice to do
the very beet possible in study and in conduct. We say to all:
1. Do right. The law of rectitude is always binding, sobinding that
-one ought never to depart from it.
2. Devote your whole energies to school work.
3. Plan your work wisely, work your plan fltithfully.
4. Aim to do better work and more of it each succeedingday.
5. Seek intellectual and physical energy.
6. Well doin! is praiseworthy, ill doing is discreditable; do well,
.do well.
7. Be true to yourself.
GROUNDS.

The school grounds, of twelve acres,are situated on the south border
.of the village. They are adorned with groveBand lawns,and are devoted
to study, exercise alld recreation. The picture on the cover gives but a
faint idea of their beauty. A visitor who saw them in '85 said: "I have
traveled extensively, and hltve seen many fine school grounds; I have
,seensome of great extent, but none that I have ever seenare finer and
better kept than these." There are grounds for ball playing, for battalion
..drill, for archery, for lawn t~nnis, for croquet and for other games.
BUILDINGS.

The buildings include five rt3citation buildings and two dormitories
besidesa boiler house and water tower. Over $25,000 were spent the
i 'pflStyear in enlarging and improving the buildings.
::~t ;~ Thesebuildings are warmed by steam from boilers, set in the boiler:; ~'house.
..,
,\
The class roomBare welllichted and ventilated, of euitable size and
"
,form,and are well adapted for the purpose of school work. The whole
wall SpRce
around each class room is provided with blackboards five~feet
'~r in width.
~:

DORMITORIES.

Two buildings contain rooms for lady student.sonly.-The gentlemen
lfind rooms in the village. The rooms in the dormitories are well fur-

36

PENNSYL:V ANIA:STATE NORMAL! SCHOOL,

nished, al\d their occupants are ll()t expected to prov,ide any bedding orfurniture,
These bui1dings fire provided with an, abnndiince, of hot and cold wa.
ter on each floor.: Each dormitory is provided with a.l:!ath ro~
;lc

-.TEXT

',:..i.") ,!

BOOKS"

'

i"
,'"
...:.:,: :':'c'
,,'
1.
r
l~cl~,~m;S~?g:l~.~r:t,{?,~ok~
~S~hJ.~1h~ve ror
.II::)~~f1t\~i~"~"
~~Pr¥)l~iP~~l~l~w~t'
the pnrpose or reference. .Lhe 10 OWIpgte;" !?<:,oX:~
w~re ns~\J. ast year:
Reed & Kellogg:sGr
Il}ar,
:,.:,([,);1Jf,":"".1r'.'
':!
r
Kellogg's Rhe~'C;[

~):i':}a

oj )."i'.!

.,;,'c

Whitney'",'.G~mU)!!!r.!,
\.i',
"'~ebster's Unabri4~ed Dictionm;y,
", 6t(i ~~~rlS do Ih p'reHensl ve l})i dl!ibnat.y~'"
Robin~on'8
~A'
. hA.rithmeti~;:,,(,;
'
.
r t
e,
, ;
( G~.
W ell~'~ftli.rl~llim~tl(;;'.'
Wentworth's

,. ':

Algebra,

.1;,.", )!

'Ventworth's
Geometry,
Collar & Dannell's
Beginner's

Latin

li"i"
BooK;"

-Allen
& Green,?ugh's LaMl~~~we,
Walker's PhY~IOlogy,
" ,,'
,CtMA'S
:P,hy~"" I ~.. ,..'-Ie. "". J' ) ",~'
Qra;;'scSC)1oo1""'ailgl!'iela"B6t
B'arnes
{,
l
t
"iIi
S
t
, 't!
Ifj
',,;Ji):..fm".!tJ
'U
s '..'.
ill ea a es """"'T'JI'
-."'
:M~y.erl~General~iBrery;(;
,,1
Harper~Ge(),ll;l1tph'Y,
'" ,."

,

of'C

':,

,",

'""' 1

"0"

iJ:;,:J?:,':'
." ','

I.Ht\l!pe~~~e~d~r§, ,;"
.:",j: u;;c,c
~!onteith 'sPhy~ikMGeoI!rl1M X,
'})almer'~Choriiirtr~i'Q"',-F"hJfrJ
uno: \

Prmc'e's l'l.Letht>dg;'c .,;
..p,
l1
'
D
..?
'
PFa
"h gBmnIng,"'"

c,,:
,
., ,ci
','" i:.\ ,c...
Bryant & Stratton's Book-keeping,
True's Civil Governmenlj)lillGJll,{;:!
Hailman's History of Education.
.0

.",;,

~Ii'

':!

'

! !"

,

::.',

E~INBO,~O
Edinboro, the seatofthe:Normal
Sc};lool, lies, eighteen miles s()Qth:UI
Erie,P~.i!t~jsQn:~he
water ~4~ diyi~mgthe wat~r~;pfthe
4k~s from
those of the Gulf. Its elevation of 1,265 feet above sea level ~y,~! it a
healthf~I.lbraclng
a~i~a,~e.::,It:i~~ ?e;;l.~;if~sc~o?l to~~~, ~;he,rekneit~er
we~l~ nor p~verty,., The pAopJt} are~nd~stnous, economIcal and SOCIable. ',The h6use~'are we~ipai~t'.~a:.iln(Tthe'y~a:rdswelt!k~pf, ' 'The streets
,',...
...',
'
are wide and finely shaded, 'me iidewalks are paved largely wit~ stone
flagging.

The

town

is qui~t!;1.p;dire~
,","

fI;q~temptation,
, .'

The

poi:Jtilation

is about 1,000. There are~four organized churches with regulal: services.,
viz: Pre:sbyoorian;Methooist, Baptist and A_ent", -~ere:..iS, one newspapeJ: and one ballk.
It is an id~al ed~cationaltowni~
Ii:

PENNSYLVANIA. STATE NORMAL~~L.

37

SPECIAL NOTICE.
Theschoolintere$tsb~ing
tll,echi~fil~t~reitsef tall place
the Qourt.sha\o re,.
..""
-Yl!~~d:yr!!!usedto graqt any Jice.J)\let~~ell into:lca;tif1gligu~rs in Edinboro.
There18neitherlicensedbar nor hcensedsaloon\vlthin ten miles of the Normal
,
cSchool.
ACCESS.

On th~ back c~ver is a railro!!-d map showihg routes to Edinboro;
The nellrest railroad station isCambr~dgeoniheNew York, Pennsylvania
..&'opio &llro,ad. HacKs connectwftll th~p~genger traing at Cambridge.
'TI1edistar;c~
is s~~~illniliJ's;':ta~e,fiffyc~ntsi'
tim~'onenour.
"..,
"
,
AIR
."'
Mea.d vllle
E .i

rle

LINE
.'

Wanen.,
Clarion

:'."'"

NewCastle
' Butler..,
K"1tt anmng
.""

':'
,

,.;
,

FROM

EDINBORO

17
8 ' Beaver
"" ~
Smet hport
35 Cleveland
.;.;:44 ~tit~btttg..,'

!','

Franklln
Mercer
.'

D1STANCES

,

4;6 Williamsport
p.9 H~rrfsQu~'g.p

61 PbUadelpbia
71 New YO1'k
J'"9C mcnna
.'
Iti323

"

TO

o1

l

SCHOOL

93,.'n'"
l00
,.,.",;1f'2
:...201

.I

I

:.:. 289
;322
;...

OFFICERS.

It is noWan accepted maxim in education that to have a good school
there mast be a good teacher, and to have good teachers they mu,~ be
~ucated.
It is also agreed that highsucaeBs i~teachi~g is t4e most ~fficult work in the world. Yet a teacher;of wide experience says the difference between average teachingap~,t.~.ebest teaching is]lnot fully appreciated even by those most tamiliar~thschools, and by the majority
it is not appreclated ~t alt. He says t4at with the best teacherltbe pupil
will.learn four times as fast as with the average teacher. Now it is posmble to have much better teachers at lIttle or no a,dditional expense to
the schools. In every district there ar~ some who are naturally better
,endowed with teaching talent than Qthers, Say to such: "Attend the
Normal School and cultivate YOur ta!ent,s.,.We wilt then give you per.manent employment."
A few months at th~ Normal School will do It young teacher good.
A course here will more thandouble~er efficie~cy. Send us f~ithful8tu..dentsand you can receive them back welt prepared for teaahing.
In some districts only those who hil,v~ prepared for teaching are
employed.
Every director can by proper encout!1;gemept
'8tiJPull1o~e
teachers to
:1mprove.

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88

PENNSYLVANIA
TO

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

YOUNG

TEACHERS.

Are you well qualified for your work? Are you fully qualified for it r
Can you keep pupils busy at profitable work? Can you inspire them
with a love for work? Are there those who, with less talent than you,.
are doing much more effective work? Would more learning, more culture, more know how to do, more plan, improve your teaching?
If you could do better work could you secure better pay?
If so,prepare yourself better for your work. Attend the Normal
School and improve yourselt. A young mall who taught for $50 before
attending school at Edinboro no\v {!ets$110; a young lady who taught
for $18 is now getting $70. If you would like to do the same,plan for it.
\Vork your plans and successis certail1. What! Can all do it? Yes
there is not one who might not. Cannot means will not. Will mean.'!
can.
GENERAL

EXERCISES.

About a half hour perday-4:30t05:00 p. m.-isspent in generalexercisesdesi~ed to inspire studentswith a lofty purpose, to give them general information and to lead them to independent thought and expression. Th~ exercisesconsistof a series of questions, often covering points
previously presented, questions regarding themselves,and questions regarding ~heir studies. Then come items of information, readings from
the daily preas,from works in the library, and short and pointed talks by
students on rules for life and conduct. Stlldentsare expectedto use notebook and pencil freely, and all are required to attempt replies to the
questions. The following are given as illustrations ot these exercises:
QUESTIONS.

What will arouse dormant ener~es? \Vhat is the secretof mastering difficl1lties? What is the difference in boys? How can parents
help the school? What do you expect your teachers to do for you r
What ISa student? How long can you study intensely? \Vhat is teaching? What is learning? Can idle boys become industrious? How can
they become indu'!trious? How long will it take an idle boy to become
industrious? What mistakes do students make? What should students
aim at? What thought is worth repeating? What is mental growth r
What is the law of ment.'\l growth? What habits are helpful? If a
ship from Brazil bring a cargo to New York what will she bring? An
iceberg is 200 feet out of the water, how much is in the water? What
is the best hour of the day? Why should one be punctual! Who performed a brave deed;?jWhat is the value of biography as a study? What
report pleases:a 'parent? What per cent. of school study develops the-

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

39

mind? What kind of books stimulate thought? What is the value or
perseverance? What can an educated person do? Where are the leading American colleges? What does each age inherit? How dots the'
best student differ from the averagestudent? What is thed ifference beJ
tween wisdom and leami~g? Name three persons whose lives are inspirations? Why can the punctual do more work than the unpunctual?'
What is the aim of the good teacher? Why are the idle unhappy r
What are thl( elements of a manly character? What is the difference'
bet\veenreading and study? What will inborn energy do? Give a laW'
of childhood. What idle boy suddenly became industrious? What lesJ
son well leamed will help one to teach well? What shn:lld be the a:m
of school discipline? What results show that the school di~cipline i~
good? Who improves the school? What two paths are open to every
one? \Vho rose through toil and struggle? What are the common
faults of teachers? What habi~ should be forrned at school? What
enables one to accomplish what he attempta? Upon what does the
power of learning depend? \Vhy can one accomplish more when he ha~
fixe« hours far study? \Vhat is the nest thing a teacher can do for a
pupil? Why is the quality of the work done more important than the
quantity? Who acquired the power of learning his lesson at one reading? \Vhat did Cobbettgain by repeating his f!,rammardaily for months?
Who made a man of himself? What is the design of language? On
what does the value or study depend? What problem should each one
try to solve? ""hat are the marks of a good teacher?
QUOTATIONS

AND

SELECTIONS

FROM

DAILY

EXERCISES,

The greatestresults of the mind are produced by small but continued
efforts.
How much human intercourse might be Imp~oved and beautified if
every one had a tme respect for the rights and feelings of others.
Information can be gained daily.
It is a great thing to get a good start. The morning hour has gold
in its mouth.
The prudent man looks for the causeof failure in himself.-Confucius
Men succeed best in what they are in earnest about.~Demosthenes.
General knowledge is the best soil for any kind of eminence to
spring from, and therefore the more general knowledge the better.-H1tll.
Few suspectthe power of self-culture in tneir own minds.
EducatiDn means the teaching of the conditions of well being, and
the training of youth tq an observance of those conditions.-Wm:Ellis.~

40
A TEACHER'S

WORK.

1. Pl~epm'ewell ..f9rYP1,lr,}Vor~,:.
.,
2. Give the whole force
to school ,vork.
,i,
'
3. Arouse the pupIls to effort.
4. Secure regular, earnestwork.
5. Have every E'xerciseconnected with every other exercise.
6. Study the human mind.
7; Acquaint yourself with the work of other teacher~.
8. Have a few choice books and read them carefully.
9. Put mental forca into teaching.
10. Attend teachers' gatherings.
11. Reoo educational "lorks.
12. Study how to make teaching effective.
13. Improve your own mInd:
MAY

BE

MISTAKEN.

A lad entered school. He was dlllJ, very dull. He ,vas stllpid and
stllbbom. The official physician examined the boy and pronounced him
weak minded as well as vicious. T~e manager of the school thought the
boy's behavior dlle to neglect and ill treatment. He determined to test
the boy. He gave him hand work 'and t):ied to wake him up with heoo
work. The boy improved by de~ees until he reached the head of the
.class. It was then Il)und that the formerly dull boy wa5 especiallybright.

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PENNSYLVA'NLt STATE NORMAl, SCHOOL..
HOW TO IMPF10VE THE SCHOOL.

41

.

1. ~ave every exercise prml)ptllJld el)ergetic..
2. Let the exercises contain the best.
3. Ev~ry dayinjeqt~pewthQughtandgiy~an IJ.C~upt.cof.a
noble deed
4. Often mention the example of one who did exce)lent work.
5. Quicken schO91lif~ by bringing to th,enotice of the pupilsihe
best'thbughts and bestdebdsof the wor'ld.sworkers.
'
0.'

$T~DV"
Men who have made much mentaiprogress have learned that successfulstudy requires system,perseverance,:concentratiotl,thoroughness
,
iI1terestand undivided.:attention;
"""
Students ,vho would do their very best'Sbould ,have a,writteQPro;.
gram and follow it;
AJirangeca:
time for sttrdY;andper:hlithoihte~rnption'; Cotisideryour
lessonas a'person Itnd,give it fulI.:tihieandattentrOlI.
K~ep tiIIJe for study' in atlla;rge masses:as,:po~f5ibte..;Twd' bourg'
study in one'Jj>eriocliswarth motf!Jtbllinthreeo h0~~ study divided into
four perionds. Int.:er~tin itheestu'dyadtlstQitsvarlue. The stimulus to
swdy,mpst,com\Jfro~ witbin,
The ~aluE)(}f,learningdep$da l11,Xgely
,upoJJ;thoroughness..()nel\Js..
son learned itI}d mastered 80:a$:!,Q remain a permanent possession,is
,,:orthmore t.h~p twenty 1\J6sous
almostlear~ed;, Qrlearned merely to recIte",
'i'i'c'C,.",
~j"""
Never visit nor reqeivevisi~orsinstady..~ours.
SELECTED TH'OUGH,TS ON EDUc.ATION.
It is not the eyeswhichS(\(3,put thebtainbehiudthe eyes. We see
with whati~ehave se~n,and'With'Wh~t we know. An, IndIan, a mirier,
and a geologist alI.looItil1g at thesarnekilid
of~toiie, and wIth equally
good eyes, WIn seeit very differently. Th~;rn4iangees only a fragment
of rock, perha~s valuable' for arrowpoitit.s; the mine! seest~e mine, and
the treasures imbedded in the rock from which the fraginept fell; while
the geologist, from the same trivial bit of stone,reads whole chapters of
the great earth'shis~ry. T,h'erefore.
~Ytrainil1g the se~s.e
of sight, we do
not mellJl an actualsharpemng of vIsIon, hot the provIding Qf spectacles
as it were, but the op~ning of tIle mrnd.~Dr. T. M: ~alliet.
The teach~r'schJghestserviceis tQ'holdup before his pupils the Correct idea of life and character and kindle th'eir faith and aspiration ,vith
earnest ,york for their attain men t.
The consideration'of natural fitnet!S,entire devotion to, and intelligent preparation for the work and a determination to follow it, are the
conditions of radical improvement in the teaching profession,

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42

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Intercou~e with the thoughts of gre.;ttminds stimulates like medi-

cme.

To arouse and kindle the moral energiesis the highest office of education.
Education sholud glvethe child the inclination and the ability to
make the best use of his mind and body.
In the principles and methods of public-school instruction thei'e.
might be vast a.nd beneficial changes. Children should be treated morelike reflective human beings and less like Thanksgiving turkeys. To fill
to:the neck with stuffing is one thing; to truJy educate is another. Propereducationarymethods should ipculcate a certain amount of self-reliance
and native ingenuity. School libraries are very beneficial and should be
increased as far as practicable.
Severalelemen~ of power go to build up a complete human life.
There is the power of conduct, the power ofmtellect and knowledge, thepower of beauty, the power of social life and manners; we have instincts
rf'-spondingto them all, requiring them all. And we are perfectly civilized only when all tliese instinc~ in our nature, all these elemen~ in our
civilization, have been adequately recognized and satisfied.
A nation's advancementdepends upon its teachers. To make trueprogre~s,e'1chgE:nerationmust give to the next something which it did
not receive itseJf but discovered or originated and added to the common
hereditary store. This, then, is the duty of the teacher toward the world
to help his generation to take a higher step in the sca-leof civilization.
From the tuller education of every teacher, two most desirable results would be likely to flow-the regular advancement of pupils through
all the par~ of our edu~tioT1al system, from the lowest to the highest,
and an improvement in the (.\ualityand quantity of instruction.
There cannot be a good school without a good teacher.
Let every teacher be ml\Sterof his professiop. Let him realize in
himself, the highest ideal citizenship. Let him be a free man. Then
will his pupils be likely to become such high-minded citizens and free
men. "Let your boy be taught by your slave," said an old Greek,'"and
you will then have two slavesinstead of one."
The great law of training is this: Alternate action and repose; action
exercising, but not exhausting all the strength; and repose, fully restingfrom all fatigue. He who works too little pines through inaction. He
who works too much wastesby over action.
One subject thoroughly mastered by a good method does more to
educate the mind and form the child's nature, than a smattering of half
a dozen subjectswhich have been acquired in a slovenly and unscientific
manner.

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PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

43

There is a moral value in being accustomed to consider one's every
day work as a duty to be done and done faithfully and ragularly.-F. L~
Andrews.
Intellectual power can not be impl\rted but can be fl)Stered, stimulated and directed by the ISchool.-G. W. Curtis.
THE

TRUE

TEACHER.

The true teacher has the spirit of progress. The spirit is the fountain
from which flows all that is good in edu~tion. It leads him to seek culture, 8cholarship and professional skill. It stimulates him to daily improvement of himself and his school. Day by day the teacher becomeswiser and better. The more time spent in preparation for school room
dutle8, the less needof time in recitation. The mind of the teacherneeds
winding up by study and recitation as often as his watch. "Take a daily
bath in the fountain of genius," saysW. T. Harris.
A COUNTY

SUPERINTENDENT'S

OPINION.

The followin~ letter was written to a county superintendent:
DEABSm-Have you time to spare to read thi3 and reply.
If every teacher in your county were.as good as the best, how much.
better would the schools be?
If every teacher in your county would follow your advice, how much,
better would the schoolsbe?
If every director in your county would follow your advice, how much
better would the schools be ?
What would you advise?
Thii is his reply: To the first question 100 to 150 per cent. To tbe.
second questio~ 75 to 100 per cen~. To .the "bird question 25 to 75 per
cent. My advice to teachers and mtendmgteachers would l-e:
1. Prepare well before you begiB to teach. Attend a good ~eacbers'
Echool and make the beit preparation you can.
2. Give yourself wholly to school work while teacbing. Have
hours for study of the school lesson, for preparation for recitation and
for daily general exercisesand use tbese hours f'J.itbf\uJyin the .assignea.

work.
3. Read daily for general culture.
4. Have a growing libra~-.
5. Attend educational meetings.
To directors I say: Engage the bestteachers you can, pay them tbe
bestprice you can, furnish them the best apparatus you can, know whois doing the best work in the district and l-ay that teacher $5 per month.
more than any otber teacher.

,
i

~ue~1ion/f)

'U,e)eq a'l'" @Jinaf fi&aminafion,e),
JUNIOR

QUESTIONS.
ALGEBRA.

1. Resolv~into their primef~cto~:
m2-2mn+n2;
n4-n; x8+aS; x4+a2x2+a4;
."'"'
i, ! x2.-f9~+20,
2. Reduce to lowe&tterms: --,
x2-7x+12

, ,
x2+9x~6
as +1

8.

,!'ran&late:
1&,Marco MeS&alaet Marco Pisone consulibus, regni cupiditateinductUB conjurationem nobilitatis fecit et ~ivitatl persua.m,ut definiOus suis
cum omnibus copiis exirent.
Write the ablative ~ingular and genitive plural of the nouns in italics,
'11.ndthe futur3 indicative passive, 3d sin~ular, of the verbe in italics,
with the particlp.les of each in both voices.
Explain the b'Tllmmarof Marco Messalaet Marco Pisone~Ubus,the
subjunctlve exirent,and decline finibus SUMtogether.
Write in Latin:
He will persuade Marcus not to make conspiracies.

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~ENNSYLN;ANIASTATENORM.-\.LSUHOOL.

45

,
P~Y~I;q,~9~Y"
;:
to; ;E~}ainthe van6'rts acti\-itlesWhier~ ~ItEi:J;>lace
ih'the slbrnrtclr
orinconn~tioh
therewith dUl1n"; di!!;e!ltion; ,;, ,i:
' ...
2, Describ~ thevaribus'pt3visl~ns whicli ~'te'madef0rthe~tectiowoLtlie.btain.
:'" ,,(:;j) it ;Jj '!'j~; ""f :"J ,
3. 'Draw8Jloutlineof th6iith&ax 8,q!}dl'the
6l'gil,nB;:OOhtliitl~dwithin
it, and then give a brief desCfiDtiQl1o!t~.i?tructure and functions of eachI
oftheseorgan~.
.f,'IqAf.J;)D~JI
~~ '~r~~~,~s~r#!;!ffi~1.e!W14'~~9~tjPPf!ofj;I~~,~k;~lla~,qji~~_a4junct8.,
5. GIve the structure, compositIon, and UijII!J;,Qf
bop~~.""
'.,::;
~.,Sh"w
"Qv..
a~w, ""'fA~:,..!'
deaeri
ptiou!the .eauses.
..,",...,,- ,\) bv,A;
;/"11" a-"rnS'
!"'~r';
j~
-""",,""""i'!"'t:
~,,~"
.',
.
and ef/'t'ts,of'"ne"'n-~1D'ht"
'"
,rar
'
I '"
;.I,M:/',"1.f!'(""1t~~"',l"",!~r't"I~""""J"" 'hf~i1," YPJl" '.
"
{ .How does alcohb affect the luman system?
.,R. (~V:I~!ttiQthe'vifal~lmnenj,i "ir?' f :tt,'"""",""""""
,
.~.
r~'t':;hr;;tci;ga!1~do'~~~c~~:;'1~ ~he 'bid~C1jt~ke'
place,land ~~t
! " rJ """O,,,
';[",
r, ~J""D P'Yrr,-m.u~!"
(I~;;.;"""""'"
" (1; 1.. c",,",," ..,.!
~fp~;n"hlr,enffhor,ch"ntre'{
,1,\.,
.10.
ISCUSS
the tOpIC"J:lygiene of t e Sff!'9Pl-~O~lt~!'
"

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:;';'V;':':g. HfSTdhv."

'C"""';; .",ci'i,;ri.J.f.lf"l1

'l.,rNams'fuut,'meli'whoc',v,Jere p1'On1iin'el~t'in!explbring'ilidsettling
thetbirl;~n;co:lM1ie$,iaridr5ive!rltti{)l1atitiYOvteacl!l;!,r,; ;'ii;, i
.2.
Name four political parties exis.ing at the tiIrlerofcitJinqohi.18!firSt.
electIon m.!t.bE\{)f)ierl,of
,Presiidetlt,lancf:St8l:AiJbrieflyrltbaprirlMples:'
advocated:by;each"

f; "",1,;,,;;,

J:,t",/1.:;.o c.': J", ';1 ",;,.,,;

.

3. Name the seceding states an(l relate briefly tbe;'lJauses'Joftbe
eivilwar.i
,;;:[1'.,',' ;':(':':;'
;",t."!;) ;:'J.',;{;"I",(; :11';!::
4. Name the presidents elected since 1864, and describe ~impormnt event in the administration of each.

5.

Which is the-1:ii~'Ei~sftii:ij1f.".;Jbje' ~l! teaching history-to ac-

qujf,eljl.~exfiG~,li:l:!Ofli(l~dge
o;t:na,m~",dat;.EI~,~~pjde~ta RF ~~ul~vate a

taste {or'iii~o.ficiead Hing' and knowledge'?'"lIray tbq~J};
~;~R~6~w~~;tpeo
same connection?
~\,,?;;
'... '
;;.

A'RITHEMTrc.

1.. ,D~fine; AritJJmetic, Dumber.,and distinguish between abstract
and concrete numbers.
2. Distinguish between ,multipl~) common ~multiple,least common
multiple.
Find the ;L. C. M. oftbese~;24,82;44,
1.6,,8,-andteli whtv you
do what you do.

3. The longitude of Jerusalem is 35 oog.;32..;min., 'east. The longitude of B9:.ltimoreis 76 deg., 37 min:; wffit. When it is9 o'clock a.m.
at Jerusalem, what time is it at BaJtimore ?
4. Why is the re6ipi~~¥of.g, fmeiidri' the fraction inverted?
5. In divi$ionoffract~Qns,~ny
do you """","
il;J.ye~the,,9.i-yisor
a~d mul'l?"~'r'fu1J)
,.
tip Y6. ,3,~,4;.t+:9l~z,!.8Q6],44*9567:, E~~la,~~..;#~¥~;oti
:P9i~t6ffthe
quotIent~s yopdQ. ,:
,
.c
!;,
..
7. Wbat'is a ratio? A proportion'! If 100we~1>ert;orm It piece of
work i.D~~,~!l.;Y$.:h:Q:I:V
,;rpf1.~,ffiep", wi)IB~P~,~d~4 ~<;>p~r[orUl,it in 8 days?
EipJalp III j}C.~9I;p

46

PENNSYLVANIA

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

8. 'Vrite a promi~ory negotiable note for $525, with interest from
.dat.eat 7 per gent. Find amount due in 1 year, 8 months and 18 days.
9. Find out which is the better investment, Government 4p~r cent.
bonds at 121, or Central Pacific R. R. 6 per cent. bonr~s.at93
10. I want just $100 for 90 days-for how much must I give my
note at bank to get that amount? Bank discounts at 8 per cent.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. What is a degi.ee?Is a degree of latitude always equal to a degree of longitude? Why?
2. What is the distance (in degrees)of the Tropic of Cancer from
the Equator;: of the Arctic Circle from the Tropic of Cancer1 Why 1 (in
both cases.)
3. Is the sun ever at the zenith in Edinboro? If so when? If not
.4.

why?

Are the rays of the sun at this time becomIng Dlore oblique or
more vertic!!.lhere? Why?
5. Give reasons why the north pole has six moRths day and six
monthi.night.
6. Do you believe the interior of the earth is heated r Why?
7. At what temperatur~ is water the heaviest? What is the effect
.of this provision?
8. 'Vhat are trade winds? In what direction do they blow? Why?
9. Give proofs that the industries of countries are controlled by
their geography.
10. Explain the causesof ocean currents. What gives them their
-direction?
CIVIL

GOVERNMENT.

1. Name the departments of government and state how they are
-severallyconstituted.
2. What is meant by the term public domain?
3. How many members in the House of Represensativesof the
United Statesaccording to the recent apportionment? Give the number
~f United StatesSenators. Senatorsserveduring how many years? Give
length of term of Representatives.
4. In what ways may amendments be proposed to the Constitution
-of the United States? How must they be ratified? Name two important amendments.
5. What is meant by the term a mi1Writy President! What are
-some of the definite rights of citizens (,f the United States?
1. Embody in a connected account the following particulars: (a) A
;name in full, (b) birth-place, (c) age, (d) school where fitted for Normal,
r(e)purpose in seeking education. Do not use your own name.
2. Give the principal parts of the verbs, .bid, cleave (to split) cast,
.can, ought, lie and lay.
3. Write a s"ntence containing a direct and an indirect object.
4. Construct a sentence to Bhowthe proper use of woo,and name

j,

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PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORM..\.L SCHOOL.

47

the office filled;'"of that; of no1W;of th be used in different ways, construct sentencesto show the new uses, and
show thQ officA filled in each case.
SENIOR

QUESTIONS.

GEOMETRY.
1. Prove that the area of a triangle IS equal to one-half the product
of the base hy the altitude.

2. Prove that the circumferencesof circles are to each other as their
:radii, and their areas as the squares of their radii.
3. Prove that the two diagonals 01 a parallelogram mutually bisect
each other.
4. Prove that if the four sidescf any quadrilltteral be bigected,the
lines joining these pOInts of bi-section form a parallelogram.
5. Equiangular triangles have their homologus sides proportional
~nd are similar. Prove.
MENTAL

SCIENCE.

1. ClassIfyand define the intellectual facultie~.
2. What two methods are there of arriving at results by reasoning?
(Jive examples.
3. Define attention, memc.rv, ima.gination, consciousness.
4. .Define the term syllogism. Describe its forms and laws and
.explain its u~esand value.
5. What is the will?
What treatment should the will receive when
.a child refuses to obey ,villingly ?
NATURAL

PHILOSOPHY.

NoTE.-Number the answer the same a.sthe question in the same
-order. Write carefully, plainly, and say just what you mean.
1. Define (a) density, (b) specific gravity, (c) molecule, (d) force.
2. Explain the following facts 011principles of Philosophy: (a)
chalk sticks to your fingers, (b) a piece of lead sinks in water but floats
in mercl~ry, (c)a cubic inch of iron weighs more than a cubic inch of
wood, (d) a load is more easily pulled on a level road than up hill.
3. (a) A Cf/noedisplaces 1501bs. of water, what is its weight? (b)
A piece of metal weighs 6 oz. in water, 7 oz. in air, what is its specific
-gravity?~

4. Explain the followin,g- phenomena: (11)We raise ,vater out of a
well with a lifting pump.
(b) We mix salt and ice for our ice cream
freezer. (c) They fasten the telegraph wire to a glass knob on top of the
pole. (q) The outer rail is higher on a curve of the railroad track.
5. (a) An object is before a concave mirror between the focus and
-the center of curvature.
Draw figtlre showing the location and comparative size flf the image.
(b) Explain the action of the telephone.

i

RH ETORIC.

The e;ssentialaof Purity. the rules of Precision, and the nature of an
~ntroduction.i

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48

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Dis:c1Jssthe rh,etoric o~, either of the foll,9wing p~ss~ge,~:
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'IN or is this WIde world ignorant of her worth,
!iFoitbe,
fouriwinds,-blow in ft'{)m ~'Very ~oast
Renowned sujtors! and hersunnylocJts
Ha~g on her temples like a golden fleece
Which ~~~r
~j:.9fj3el~~~,~~~os'
strand,
And manycJasons come ill quest afher."
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"In the name ot"tloa 'advancing,

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;'Sa~ifigiias:~' pa,:YI;,th~lwages:,.(i !!~j)
Good and faithful one, well done;"
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C'ljTh(~&rt~i't'lig?e-t1!{c&.18ti~H~
¥iJil~Wing;~refu~rlY~! f'!6W,~rj;i!:Jfl;led1~~ in
Emerson's Essay:
.J{?Jl~ "J;';,:-. ,;". ,) ".
Luck or law-cour~t}j(,\"marl8~fOO\i1health or excess of virility
-successcOnstituti9'.R~,9?nAentr~~i9RI
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Liscus dicit D~~~ori~em ipsum ex He;lvetii!3 'ntdr:am;liab~~k, s(>rOiem
ex 'rnatre~t p!'opi!1q~(MiRg;+t~ptum Jift'.8JlflilS<;I~Vitati!3
ie(!fj,1oCitB~e,
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Perfacile factu esse illis probat cotlatkperflcete;'pfdptereaqitddipse

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teneretur,
~tqlf~~ptis)p~ip~~be88~~sidius

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equo t;ldmi~,,~~Qp),;ac9~rril:it
~~i~:,mqI;1tem;'!l~~m ~ Lab~eIJO o~uD~ri
vol~1
a~ ~08~q~i,tenep.
ij,; I)i' ,,:.:
:',
,
Give thepar~ of'.~~verbs
in,:jt~li~; exp~ainthe
subjunctiy~s, decline aliq,ll,ci~qti8wgethe~
inbQt~~~bers,cpmpa;re
~gius, and wve
theablatiye
sillguJ~r ~d genitivepJural of i'ln~W!n, lw8tibus, paasibus,
montW~itein Latin:
c.:,
Cresa~ said that he wo~ld g9ctoR~pl~with
to return as quickly as possible,

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tte te~th legjon in order
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a29<~enJ!:ie~of ~tu6lentJJ:;.

-S:TATE

AID

TO

STUDENTS.

.HE

STATE PAYS about $310,000 per year for thA State Normal
,.
Schools.
.Of this sum tifty cents i~ paid per wcel, for Aach stuclont
,1/
who is over seventeen years of ag(\, ann who pursues professIonal
studIes for twelve WAO],Sc:>rmore, and fifty dollars is paid to (\ach
graduate. These ~mountJBaro er(\dit(\d on tmtion and othAr accounts lea viog the student to pay $21.00 per year less than full rat(\s for Junior year,
and $71.00 less than regular rates for Senior year.
ROOM

AN D BOARD.

Ladies room in the Halls, geI1Uemon in to\vn. TllO rooms in the Halls
are furnished with all necessary article". 'I'lll'\ ront is $8.00 to $14.00 por
term. Rooms in tho villago oost about tllo samo.
Table board costs from $1.50to $2.00per week.
In speoial cases ladies aro permitted to room in th(\ vill;lge, but in every
case should see thA principal before (\ngaging a room.

TUITION.
TuitlOWP(\1"term $17.00,St1te aid $7.00, balanc(\, $10.00.
Tuition per w('el" u)r a fl'w weeks, parts of a t(\rm $1.45.
STUDENTS'

EXPENSES.

Studeotsexpenses pery(\ar :.vi.'l.'a,," "I,'mt J;1jO.00aJ f,!lo\v,,:
Tuition $51 less State aid$21
Roolliaverl16'e
Bo'ird average
Bo.,ks

ltH(1 incidentals...

"'.""'.'.""

$ 30.00
30.00
72.00
18.00
$150.00

..
@afenqar.
.FallTermopens
'Fall Term closes
WioterTerm opens
Winter.termcloses
Spring term opens
,
Examination by St~te Board
SprmgTermcloses

.
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[

Sf'ptembor1,1891.
Docember4,18~)I.
DAcombor8, IH~Jl.
MarcIl12, 1892.
Mareh30, 1H
Juno 17 °' ".,
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STATENonMALSCHaar
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