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V iew o f th e B uilding's an d G rounds

ANNUAL CATALOGUE
OF THE

NORTHWESTERN

(.FROM A PICTURE TAKEN IN 1861.)

Sta^e formal Schoolf
TWELFTH DISTRICT,

EDINBORO,

^

PENN’A.

Founded as an Academy 1855,
Recognized as a State Normal in 1861,

YEAR BOOK OF GENERAL INFORMATION.
CAMBRIDGE SPRINGS, PA.I
Enterprise Publishing Company.

1897.

2

PENNSY1.VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

CALENDAR, 1897^8.
Fall Term—Sixteen Weeks,

August 30th, Monday—Fall Term begins.
December I7th, Friday—Fall Term ends.
December I7th to December 27th—Holiday Vacation.

Winter Term—Twelve Weeks,

December 27th, Monday—Winter Term begins.
March 18th, Friday—Winter Term ends.

Spring Term—Fourteen Weeks,

March 22d, Tuesday-Spring Term begins.
June 19th, Sunday—Baccalaureate Sermon.
June 23d, Thursday—Commencement.

OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT.

State Board of Examiners.
June 1447,1897.

Hon. N. C. Schaeffer,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
E. Oram Lyte,

Principal of State Normal School, Second District.
R. K. Buehree,
Superintendent of Schools, Lancaster City.

J. W. Sweeney,
Superintendent of Schools, Elk County.
James A. McLaughry,

Superintendent of Schools, Sharon.
W. A. Beer,

Superintendent of Schools, Clarion County.
H. M. Putnam,

Superintendent of Schools, Warren County.
J. R. Feickinger,
Principal of State Normal School, Twelfth District.

3

PENNSYI.VANIA STATE NOKMAE SCHOOE

4

Board of Trustees,

REPRESENTING THE STOCKHOLDERS,

I. S.

Laveky,

Term Expires 1898.
Lavery, Pa.
V. B. Billings, Edinboro.

R. J. Wade, Edinboro.

N. T. McLallen,
McLallen’s Corners.

Term Expires 1899.
F. T. Proudfit, Edinboro.
V. A. Hotchkiss, Edinboro.
D. H. Walker, Edinboro.

L. A. Thompson,

Drake’s Mills.
Term Expires 1900.
J. T. Wade, Edinboro.
O. A. Amidon, Edinboro.
H, C. Billings, Edinboro.

George Cole, Edinboro.

REPRESENTING THE STATE,
Term Expires 1898.
O. P. Reeder, Edinboro.
Henry Steadman, Edinboro.
Term Expires 1899.
DR.S.B.HoTCHKiss,Edinboro. M. M. Wellman, Edinboro.
Term Expires 1900.
Dr. M. S. Gillespie,

Edinboro.

L. A. Marcy,

Cambridg-e Springs.

OF THE TWEEFTH DISTRICT.

5

Officers of the Board,

V. B. Billings,

President.

O. A. Amidon,

Secretary.

John Proudfit,

Treasurer.

COPvIMITTEES,
Instruction and Discipline,
F. T. Proudfit,

Henry Steadman,

V. B. Billings.

Grounds and Buildings,
J. T. Wade,

L. A. Marcy,

N. T. McLallen.

Library, Apparatus and Cabinet,
V. A. Hotchkiss,

O. A. Amidon,

D. H. Walker.

Audit and Finance,
O. P. Reeder,

I. S. Lavery,

M. M. Wellman.

Household,
R. J. Wade,

Dr. M. S. Gillespie,

George Cole.

Supplies,
H. C. Billings,

Dr. S. B. Hotchkiss,

L. A. Thompson.

Regular meetings, first Friday of each month.

6

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Faculty and Instructors,

1696^7

$

t

0

t

J. R. FLICKINGER, A. B., A. M. (Princeton) Post-graduate
student U. of Pa., Principal.
Psychology, Civics, Philosophy of Education.
JAMES M. MORRISON, M. E. D., Post-graduate, (Edinboro)
Chautauqua Training School Course.
Algebra, Geometry, Methods.
EVELINE J. STANTON, Ph. B., (Bucknell) Post-graduate
student Chicago University, Preceptress.
Latin, Rhetoric, Grammar.
MILTON S. KISTLER, M. E., (West Chester) Ph. B., A.
M., (Dickinson.)
Latin, Literature, Grammar.
EDITH SCHILLINGER, (King’s School of Oratory.)
Elocution, Delsarte, Physical Culture, Reading.
CLAYTON A. PETERS, M. E., (Millersville) M. S., A. M.,
(University of Michigan.)
Sciences, Manual Training.

OF THE twelfth district.

Faculty and Instructors,—Cont’d,

ANNE M. GOSHEN, M. E., (West Chester) PH. B., (Uni­
versity of Michigan.)
Principal of Model School; Methods.
WILLIAM MOST,

Librarian.

^

Drawing, Writing.
FLORA L. WHITE, M. E., (West Chester) Post-graduate
student U. of Pa.
'

History, Geography, Spelling, Critic work.

•IRA B. PEAVY, M. E., Post-graduate student, (Edinboro.)
Arithmetic, Physical Geography, Bookkeeping, Manual
Training.
ALICE G. BUSH,
Voice Culture, Piano.
MRS. MARY K. PETERS, Ph. B., (University of Mich.)
Geometry, German, Geography, Latin.
ANNIE L. WILSON,
Secretary.
JOHN B. TORRY,
Steward.

8

PENNSYI.VANIA STATE NOHMAE SCHOOL

History of the School.
The Edmboro State Normal School was recogtiized as a
Normal School by the State authorities on the 23d day of Jan­
uary, 1861. It is thus the oldest Normal School in the State
except one, and from that day to this it has been one of the
strongesfeducational factors in the State. During its history,
almost 11,000 students have received their education here and
about 800 graduates have entered the ranks as public school
teachers. With such a clientele it has been able to do more
for the great cause of public school education in the north­
western part of our commonwealth than all other factors
combined.
This prosperous school grew out of an academy which
was opened in 1855 and the first building was built by sub­
scription in 1856. Two additional buildings, now known as
Science Hall and the Hadies’ Dormitory, respectively, were
erected in 1858. In 1860, the Boys’ Dormitory was erected.
In addition to the buildings mentioned, there are. Music Hall,
built in 1878, Recitation Hall, built in 1880, and Normal Hall,
completed in 1890. These buildings are all large and attract­
ive, with accommodations for 500 students. They stand on a
tract of twelve acres on the southeast edge of the borough,
which has been planted with trees and laid out with beautiful
walks. In fact, visitors tell us that we have the most pictur­
esque, the most attractive and best shaded Normal School
grounds in the State. Our buildings are heated by steam,
and the dormitories are comfortable and homelike. The vil­
lage of Edinboro contains a population of about 1,000 and is
situated eighteen miles directly south of Erie and six miles
north of Cambridge Springs, with which it is connected by
daily stages, A line for an electric railroad has been surveyed
from Meadville via Cambridge Springs to Edinboro, and

OF THE TWEEFTH DISTRICT.

9

grading- is no-w being done, and there are good-prospects of its
completion during th-e present year.
. .
.
The to-wn is beautifully shaded and has splendid side­
walks. The second largest lake in the State is located on the
outskirts of the town. A convenient boat house, well sup­
plied with boats, including a steam launch, affords opportun­
ity for a most delightful sort of recreation. The time is not
far distant when Edinboro will become a popular summer
resort, for men of wealth are already contemplating the erec­
tion of summer hotels on the shores of our beautiful Conneauttee lake.
Edinboro is one of the healthiest school towns in the
State and is more free from epidemics than large centers of
population and railroad towns. A complete system .of sewer­
age has been constructed at large expense for the school
grounds and various buildings, conveying all sewage and
waste into a creek of constantly running water. In conse­
quence of this, the water supply for the school is exceptionally
pure and wholesome, without the usual danger of contaminaACCESS,
The nearest railroad station is Cambridge Springs on
what is known as the Erie Railroad, and hacks connect with
trains at that place. This road makes good connections for
the south and west at Meadville, eighteen miles away, and at
Corry on the Philadelphia & Erie for the north and east.
BOARDING, ETC,
All students attending any department of this school who
do not live with their parents or guardians and who are not
under the immediate charge of such parents or guardians,
shall be subject to the following rules and regulations :
1st. All students must room and board in the school
dormitories unless for special reason they may be permitted to
go to private houses in town.
2d. No student shall be permitted to engage a boarding
place in town without first having consulted the principal.
3d. Permission to change rooms or boarding places must
in every case be obtained from the principal.

10

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

,
4th. Students must not be absent from their rooms in
the evening- without the consent of the hall teacher.
Sth. Students may receive calls only during- the hours
devoted to recreation, and only then after having- received
permission from the principal or the teacher in the hall.
6th. Each student will be held responsible for damag-e
to his room and furniture.
7th. Gentlemen not connected with the school are not
permitted to call upon lady students unless by permission of
the principal.
Sth. All students are expected to refrain from smoking-,
in the buildings or on the grounds.
9th. As the institution is not a reformatory, all students
whose conduct is unseemly and unbecoming the character of a
lady or a gentleman will be after one warning, if persisted in,
dismissed from the school.
10th. The aim of our school is character building as well
as intellectual culture, hence all students are expected to act,
while members of this school, as ladies and gentlemen.
The management of the school reserves the right to make
changes at any time in these rules and regulations and to add
to the same without further notice.

• •

• •

The Function of the School,
The primary function of the Normal School is to make
teachers for the public schools of the commonwealth. Edinboro recognizes this as the paramount aim and the one for
which it was primarily created. Therefore, two things are
kept prominently in view throughout the entire course, name­
ly: the child and the teacher; the child being the subject and
the teacher the moulder of the child’s life. If the aim of the
teacher is the development of an effectual will, the teacher

OF THE tweefth district.

It

himself must have a comprehensive knowledg’e of child devel­
opment and of psychology. The latter in connection with itssubjective side must comprehend the science of education,
and its relation to child development must include the art of
education, which makes method its essential subject. From
this point of view a Normal School is distinctively a profes­
sional school and as such it ranks with schools of applied
science, of law, and of theology. In another sense, it is both
professional and academic, but all academic work in a Normal
School has a professional value. That is to say, all academic
work in a Normal School is approached from the standpoint
of the prospective teacher. Hence, the paramount question
in the mind of the Normal student when studying Grammar,
History or Arithmetic always is, “How shall I teach it?”'
which involves of course a knowledge of the subject. But
there is a vast difference between simply knowing ^ subject
and knowing how to teach it. This view of the Normal
School has necessitated a two-fold division of the work, name­
ly; the theoretical and the practical. On the theory side, we
have Psychology as the central science, and associated with
it Ethics, Reasoning, and History of the race. On the prac­
tical side, we have class-room instruction by the prospectiveteacher as well as periods for the observation of the work done
not only by fellow-students, but by expert critic teachers.
Every practice teacher of the Model School is taught to pre­
pare each recitation and then required to submit it to the
critic teacher before he is allowed to assume the important
position of teacher of the class. This judicious blending of
theory and practice is what makes a Normal School facile
frinceps^ the teachers’ college. While not all Normal
graduates are necessarily high grade school teachers, they are
as a class the only teachers that enter the school-room with
a more or less definite aim. They are taught to have a pro­
fessional spirit, that intangible something which is so essen-'
tial in every profession. This is the chief reason why all of
the important states—as Massachusetts, Wisconsin and Michi­
gan—are increasing the number of their Normal Schools.

12

PENNSYLVANIA SXATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Catalogue of Students, 1896/7*
POST-GRADUATES,
’ NAME.

■Cowen, Karl D.
Most, Ida D.
Most, Louis H.
Peffer, Lmma Josephene
Reeder, Harry O.
Swift, Dean E.
Thickstun, Kate
Wade, Charles T.
Walrath, prances C.
Woodward, Peter M.
Wilson, Annie L.

POSTOFEICK.

Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Sterrettania,.
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Crosfeingville,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Lincolnville,
Edinboro,

COUNTY.

Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford,
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.

SENIORS,
Benjamin, Gladys
Benn, Lucy Anna
Bryan, Florence Amelia
Cassidy, Belle
Curry, Della
Davis, Mary Elda
Harrison, May
Harter, Bertha Jeanette
Henry, Virg-il R.
Homan, Daisy Olive
Hotchkiss, Nellie Saphrona
Maloney, Erma
McCurdy, Jennie
McDonnell, Edward L.
McKay, Georgianna Marie
McWilliams, Verniece
Meehan, Sara Belle
Mershon, Burton B.
Miller, Conrad M.
Palmer, I. Charles
Peffer, Thomas G.
Rhinesmith, Blaine H.

Edinboro,
Troy Center,
McKean,
Centerville,
Sturg-is,
Boscobel,
McLane,
Edinboro,
Kennard,
Venango,
Saegertown,
Wayland,
Hydetown,
Wattsburg,
Venango,
Edinboro,
Wesleyville.
North Springfield,
Couder sport.
Manito,
Sterrettania,
Blain,

Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Mercer.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Potter.
Westmoreland.
Erie.
Perry.

13.

OF THE TvVEEFTH DISTRICT.

COUNTY.

POSTOEFICE.

NAME.

Ross, Janette
Selinger, Helen A.
Seymour, May Antoinette
Shepard, Clara
Smiley, Orton Ray
Snyder, Sarah Dena
Stancliff, Wayne G.
Steinhoff, C. Wilmina
Thickstun, Hattie Mae
Ward, Mary Alice
Yaple, Edna
Zents, Susie Eudora

Tillotson,
McKean,
Bradford,
Union City,
Mill Village,
Utica,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Crossingville,
Johnsonburg,
Edinboro,
Townville,

Crawford.
Erie.
McKean.
Erie.
Erie.
Venango.
Erie.
Erie.:
Crawford.
Elk.;
Erie.
Crawford.

JUNIORS, PREPARATORY, ETC,
Aikens, Cora Dell
Aikens, Maude Fern
Alsdorf, Myrna E.
Altenburg-, Arthur E.
Altenburg-, Alta '
Altenburg-, Grace
Amidon, Blanche
Anderson, J. Grant
Anderson, Ralph
Anderson, Thomas Clyde
Ash, Bertha Belle
Baker, Eynn DeWitt
Barnes, Ethel Mae
Baugher, Allie
Bell, Jennie
Benjamin, Blanche
Bielawski, Anna Alice
Bixby, Blanche
Blystone, Nellie
Bole, Jessie Altabelle
Bole, Ogden
Bowen, Charles Marion
Bowen, Lydia
Brace, Elta G.
Breed, Mertie Belle
Brightman, Alice
Britton, Ward H
Brown, Eva
Brownell, Nettie
Bull, Bina

Spartansburg,
Spartansburg,
Spartansburg,
Troy Centre,
Troy Centre,
Townville,
'
Edinboro,
Sturgis,
’ ■
Union City,
Sturgis,
Long’s Stand, '■
Spartansburg,
Waterford,
Lyona,
Deckard,
Edinboro,
Roulette,
Tillotson,
Guy’s Mills,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Blooming Valley,
Blooming Valley,
Venango,
■ Meadville,
Randolph,
Guy’s Mills,
Mason,
Duke Centre,
McKean,

Crawford.
Crawford.
' Crawford.
Crawford.
Cra:wford.
Cra-Wford.
'Erie.
Cra-wford..
Erie.

Crawford.
> Crawford.
' Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
CrawfordErie.
Potter.
Crawford.
Crawford,.
' Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Venango.
McKean.
Erie.

14

PENNSYIyVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

NAME.

Bumpus, Mary
Byham, Milly A.
Campbell, May
Carpenter, Iva
Caulkins, Grace
Cease, Pearle Aug-usta
Clark, Walter Scott
Clendenning, Helen M.
Cole, Blanche
Cole, William B.
Collins, Hetta
Colvin, Hattie
Connor, Celia
Conroe, Luther G.
Corell, Pearl
Coughlin, John L.
Courier, Marvin W.
Coyle, Clifford J.
■Coyle, Dora
Coyle, Gertrude 10.
•Cramer, William D.
Crandall, Delia
Crosley, Lewis W.
Crouch, Amanda
Cullum, Katherine Agnes
Daley, Anna Loretto
Danner, Otis
Davis, Georgia
Day, Mary Eleanor
Dearing, Beatrice
Bearing, B. Lee
DeRocher, Hattie
Doing, Prank B.
Donovan, Agnes
Donovan, Kittie
Dowman, Chauncey H.
Jlundon, Jennie Louise
Dunning, Grace
Eades, Mary Ellen
Eagley, Elizabeth
Eastman, Dell F.
Ehret, Ernest B.
Eldred, Bird
Ellsworth, Velma Grace

POSTOFFICE.

Union City,
Guy’s Mills,
Lundy’s Lane,
East Hickory,
Edinboro,
Cambridge Springs,
Meadville,
Miles Grove,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Cranesville,
Edinboro,
Linesvilley
Bradford,
Riceville,
Crossingville,
Guy’s Mills,
Centreville,
New Castle,
Centreville,
Guy’s Mills,
McLane,
Mosiertown,
Spartansburg,
Meadville,
Franklin Corners,
Tillotson,
Saegertown,
Franklin Corners,
Wattsburg,
Wattsburg,
East Hickory,
Edinboro,
Kersey,
Kersey,
Platea,
Edinboro,
Pont,
Nasby,
N. Springfield,
Spartansburg,
Aikens,
Jewel,
Ivarea,

COUNTY.

Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Forest.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
McKean.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Lawrence.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Forest.
Erie.
Elk.
Elk.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
McKean.
Crawford.
Erie.

15

OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT.

NAME.

Ethridge, Clair E.
Everett, Lou M.
Fenton, Mabel Beatrice
Finsthwait, Carrie
Firman, Robert John
Fish, J. Hugh
Freeman, Carrie M.
Freeman, Charles M.
Fuessler, Charlotte I.
Gilmore, Minnie L.
Gleeten, Donna
Goodban, Clara Maude
Goodell, Todd
Graham, Annette
Graham, Carrie E.
Graham, Leon James
Griggs, Clarence W.
Griswold, Homer E.
Gross, Evie
Hanson, Rose
Harrington, Sarah J.
Hart, John Henry
Hart, Sadie
Hatch, Inez
Hatch, James W.
Hauck, George H.
Hawkins, Earl
Hayes, George L.
Hayes, Ned LHefiner, Frank
Henry, Vivian L.
Higby, David B.
Hinman, Chloe Evelyn
Hinman, M. Lucile
Hinman, Stella Grace
Hickernell, Arthur F.
Hitchcock, Walter Joseph
Holmes, Pearle
Howe, Roy
Jackson, Mae
Jones, Sadie E.
Keeler, Laura Hester
Kennedy, Sadie J.
Kiester, Blanche

COUNTY.

POSTOFFICE.

Itley,
East Springfield,
Vrooman,
West Middlesex,
Wesleyville,
Buell,
Crossingville,
Mosiertown,
Swanville,
Blooming Valley,
Edinboro,
Franklin Corners,
Edinboro,
Conneautville,
Guy’s Mills,
Sugar Lake,
Blooming Valley,
Springboro,
Wattsburg,
Edinboro,
Cherry Hill,
Calvin’s Corners,
Calvin’s Corners,
West Greene,
Randolph,
Sterrettania,
Edinboro,
Blystone,
Edinboro,
Morrison’s,
Kennard,
Townville,
Roulette,
Roulette,
Roulette,
Saegertown,
Jamestown,
Lyona,
Tillotson,
East Hickory,
Guy’s Mills,
McLane,
West Middlesex,
East Hickory,

,

Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Mercer.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
McKean.
Mercer.
Crawford.
Potter.
Potter.
Potter.
Crawford.
■ Mercer.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Forest.
Crawford.
Erie.
Mercer.
Forest.

16

PENNSYI^VANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL
NAME.

POSTOFFICE.

Kistler, Edwin C.
Blain,
Eander, Bertha
McEane,
Eesh, Alice
Townville,
I^ewis, Alta
Black Ash,
Eewis, Mag’g'ie
Black Ash,
Eewis, Orville Victor
Mosiertown,
Eig-htner, Eva
West Middlesex,
Eupher, Prank Burdett
Sugar Eake,
Eupher, S. E.
Townville,
Eyon, Goffrey
■ Warren,
Magee, Blanche
Centerville,
Magee, Martha H.
•
- >Centerville,
Maning, James I.
Espyville,
Martin, Eena Elizabeth
'Pont,
Mathewson, Marvin
Franklin Corners,
Mawhinney, Eura Estella ■ Wyattville
McBride, Barbra
■ ' ■ - Crossingville,
McCamman, Henry
Edinboro,
McCommons, Belle
Pont,
. ■
Cochranton,
McPate, Elizabeth
McGahen, Myrna
Edinboro,
McEaughlin, Sylvester M. Crossingville,
McQueen, Ada
• Sturgis,
Mead, Marcia J.
Pittsfield,
Meehan, Daisy
Wesleyville,
Meehan, Rose
- Wesleyville,
Miller, Caroline E.
Kearsarge,
Miller, Kyle
Bradford,
Mitchell, Herbert
Cooperstown,
Moore, Carrie B.
McEane,
Morgan, Virginia
Buell,
Morley, Dora
Pont,
Morris, Eizzie
Vrooman,
Morris, Queena V.
Buell,
Morrison, Guy
Edinboro,
Mosier, Dora Cadell
Crossingville,
Most, Bertha
Kdinboro,
Neyland, Harry A.
McKean,
Nicholes, Clarence
Buell,
Nicholson, John Elliott
West Mill Creek,
Oakes, Einnie Estella
Edinboro,
Palmer, Pearl
North East,
Pearson, William Walton
Mina,
Peck. Euella
Boscobel,

'

COUNTY.

Perry.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Mercer.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Warren.
Crawford.
‘
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Venango.
Crawford.
. Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
, Crawford.
Crawford.
Warren.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
McKean.
Venango.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Potter.
Erie.

C am pus V iew .

17

OF THE twelfth district.

NAME.

Pellor, M. J.
Perry, Don
Peters, Dizzie
Peters, Doa
Peters, William A.
Poly, Rex D.
'i’orter, Burchard H.
Potjter, Edith
Price, Mildred
Proper, Burt B.
Proudfit, Jessie
Pulling-, Pred
Quay, P. Belle
Randall, Orlo
Rhodes, Eillian
Richley, Maude
Robinson, Eeah
Rogers, Evelyn T.
Rogers, Nellie M.
Ross, Mary A.
Rupert, June M.
Ruthford, Nealon D.
Sargent, Carrie Belle
Sargent, S. Savilla
Sargent, Tacy
Sauers,Anna
Schultz, Esther Catherine
Sexton, Hugh Victor
Shadduck, Jessie Belle
Shearer, Cora
Sheldon, Carl G.
Sherred, Budd
Sherred, Ray
Sherrod, Pearl
Siverling, B. Verna
Slocum, Eoie
Slocum, Lucy E.
Smiley, Inez Clara
Smiley, May
Smith, Lawrence W.
Smith, May
Smith, Raymond Ernest
Snyder, Jay W.
Spink, Evesta Eoraine

POSTOFFICE.

Delhil,
Edinboro,
Deckard,
Deckard,
Cooperstown,
Sugar Lake,
Sturgis,
Springboro,
Edinboro,
Townville,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Mill Village,
Hebron,
Glyndon,
Kearsarge,
Edinboro,
Pont,
Pont,
Centerville,
Mariasville,
Itley,
Union City,
Union City,
Union City,
Edinboro,
Woodcock,
Tillotson,
Delhil,
Sturgis, >
Springboro,
Woodcock,
Venango,
Edinboro,
Drake’s Mills,
Cochranton,
Meadville,
Mill Village,
Mill Village,
McKean,
Sugar Lake,
Guy’s Mills,
Saegertown,
West Greene,

COUNTY.

Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Potter.
Crawfords
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Venango.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford,
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.

18

PENNSYI.VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

NAME.

POSTOFEICE.

Spitler, J. Lloyd
Steward, Ethel
Stewart, Harriette
Stevens, Susie
Strang-, May Estella
Sullivan, James
Swaney, Ella
Swift, Don R.
Swift, Harvey
Tallmadge, Grace
Tate, J. Porter
Tate, Sara Mabel
Tiffany, Birdie G.
Todd, Elmer
Toohey, Ethel May
Townley, Clara
XJhr, William
Wade, Nettie
Walden, Eynden M.
Waldo, Alice
Walrath, Alice
Weed, Ora
Whaley, May E.
Wickwire, Jessie
Wise, Lewis B.
W’^oodside, Lizzie
Wbodside, Mary
Woodworth, A. Ray
Wright, Alice E.
Zillafro, Bertha Marie
Zillafro, D. Grace

Mosiertown,
Pont,
Sugar Lake,
McKean,
Pleasantville,
Crossingville,
Meadville,
Edinboro,
Ivarea,
McKean,
Godard,
Godard,
Edinboro,
Riceville,
Spartansburg,
Woodcock,
Franklin Corners,
Edinboro,
Townville,
Blystone,
Edinboro,
East Springfield,
East Hickory,
Keepville,
Turnersville,
Miller’s Station,
Miller’s Station,
Shadeland,
Clipper,
Rixford,
Rixford,

COUNTY.

Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Venango.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Forest.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
McKean.
McKean.

Juniors, Etc,, By Examination,
NAME.

Baker, Myra
Breed, Altia
Frantz, George
Lake, Emma
Lowell, Austa
McCamman, Lee
Navy, Bertha
Reeder, Texie
Saley, Katherine
Steinhoff, Bertha

POSTOFFICE.

Spartansburg,
Meadville,
Mackey Hill,
Pettis,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
New Richmond,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,

COUNTY.

Crawford.
Crawford.
Venango.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.

19

OF THE TvVEEFTH DISTRICT.

Music Department.
POSTOFFICE.

NAME.

Byham, Milly
Crosley, Lewis W.
DeRocher, Hattie A.
Freeman, Charles M.
Griswold, Homer E.
Hinman, Chloe E.
Hinman, M. Lucile
Hinman, Stella G.
Hatch, Inez
Morrison, Guy
Most, Bertha
Neyland, Harry A.
Palmer, I. Charles
Pearson, William W.
Peck, Luella
Rhodes, Lillian
Robinson, Leah
Spitler, J. Lloyd
Stewart, Harriette
Strang, May
Swaney, Ella
Woodward, P. M.
Wade, Nettie

Guy’s Mills,
Mosiertown,
East Hickory,
Mosiertown,
Springboro,
Roulette,
Roulette,
Roulette,
West Greene,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
McKean,
Manito,
Mina,
Boscobel,
Glyndon,
Edinboro,
Mosiertown,
Sugar Lake,
Pleasantville,
Meadville,
Lincolnville,
Edinboro,

COUNTY.

Crawford.
Crawford.
Forest.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Potter.
Potter.
Potter.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Westmoreland.
Potter.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Venango.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.

Elocutionary Department.
NAME.

Altenburg-, Alta
Amidon, Blanche
Aikens, Maude
Benjamin, Gladys
Benn, Lucy
Brownell, Nettie

POSTOFFICE.

COUNTY.

Troy Centre,
Ldinboro,
Spartansburg-,
Edinboro,
Troy Centre,
Duke Centre,

Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
McKean.

20

PENNSYI^VANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

NAME.

Carpenter, Iva
Cassidy, Belle
Cole, Blanche
Connor, Celia
Davis, Mary
DeRocher, Hattie
Donovan, Kittie
Fenton, Mabel
Goodell, Todd
Griswold, Homer
Harrison, May
Hatch, Inez
Hawkins, Bari
Hinman, M. Ducile
Homan, Daisy
Jackson, Mae
McCurdy, Jennie
McKay, Georgianna
Meehan, Rosa
Meehan, Sara
Palmer, I. Charles
Pearson, William W.
Perry, Don
Peters, Mrs. C. A.
Price, Mildred
Selinger, Helen
Seymour, May
Smiley, Inez
Smiley, Orton
Snyder, Dena
Stanton, Eveline J.
Swaney, Ella
Thickstun, Kate
Thickstun, Mae
Wade, Lilian
Walrath, Prances
Ward, Mary
White, Flora
Wilson, Annie L.
Wise, L. B.Woodworth, Ray
Yaple, Edna

POSTOFFICK.

East Hickory,
Centreville,
Edinboro,
Linesvillej
Boscobel,
East Hickory,
Kersey’s
Vrooman,
Edinboro,
Springboro,
McLane,
West Greene,
Edinboro,
Roulette,
Venango,
East Hickory,
Hydetown,
Venango,
Wesleyville.
Wesleyville,
Manito,
Mina,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
McKean,
Bradford,
Mill Village,
Mill Village,
Utica,
Edinboro,
Meadville,
Crossingville,
Crossingville,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Johnsonburg,
Edinboro,
Edinboro,
Turnersville,
Shadeland,
Edinboro,

COUNTY.

Forest.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Forest.
Elk.
Crawford.
Erie.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Potter.
Crawford.
Forest.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Westmoreland.
Potter.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
Erie.
McKean.
Erie.
Erie.
Venango.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.
Erie.
Elk.
Erie.
Erie.
Crawford.
Crawford.
Erie.

OF THE TWEEFTH DISTRICT.

Model School Pupils.
Amidon, Ethel
Amidon, George
Amidon, Guy
Amidon, Roy
Anderson, Anna
Anderson, Raymond
Billings, Blanche
Billings, Opal
Billings, Paul
Billings, Wilber
Bowen, Achsah
Campbell, George
Campbell, Samuel
Cochran, Eulu
Cochran, Robert
Dewing, Edna
Dirham, Ethel
Dirham, Hazel
Dundon, Fred
Dundon, Willie
Gleeten, Drew
Goodrich, James
Griswold, Ralph
Gross, Burney
Gross, Pearl
Hardman, Earl
Hardman, Nora ,
Hardman, Sadie
Harter, Mannie
Hawkins, Earl

Hawkins, Floyd
Higby, Clara
Hills, Blanche
Hotchkiss, Florence
Hotchkiss, Eouise
Jaynes, Maud
Joslin, Fee
Eeacock, Sadie
Eowell, Audrey
Eowell, James
Eowell, Sarah
McClure, Fannie
McGahen, Charles
McGahen, Maud
McKrell, Andrew
McKrell, Maggie
McKrell, Mary
McMahon, James
McMahon, Sadie
McWilliams, Robert
Morris, Ployd
Morrison, Guy
Mosier, Etta
Most, Bertha
Most, William
Neyland, Grant
Oakes, Bliss
Oakes, Iva
Payne, Eot
Peavy, Alice

Peavy,Henry
Peavy, Ira
Perry, Don
Perry, Pearl
Proper, May
Proudfit, Bruce
Proudfit, Burns
Proudfit, Francis
Pulling, Edna
Pulling, Roy
Reeder, James.
Reeder, Eillie
Robertson, Ruth
Scrafford, Prank
Smith, Bertha
Steadman, Ree
Steinhoff, Della
Sullivan, Mary
Swift, Clara
Swift, Gordon
Torry, Ina
Torry, Eeno
Vancise, Blanche
Wade, Edna
Wade, Eleanor
Wade, Nettie
Wellman, Charles
Wellman, Max
White, Flora
White, Glen

21

22

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Summary of Attendance.
s.

TERM ATTENDANCE,
(Normal Department.)
Ladies. Gentlemen.
63
33
77
45
172
107

Fall Term...
Winter Term
Spring- Term

Total.
96
122
279
---- 497

Normal Department,

Ladies....... ...............................................
Gentlemen..................................

180
100
---- 280

Elocutionary Department,

Ladies..........................................
Gentlemen...........................

39
9
—

48

14
9
—

23

Music Department,

Ladies ....
Gentlemen

Model School,

Girls..................................................................
Boys........................................................
Counted twice.................................................
Total number of different students...........

46
44
—

90
46
395

OF the twelfth district.

23

Course of Instruction
As Revised by the Board of Principals December 11th, 1894,
for the Pennsylvania State Normal Schools/
Four Courses of Instruction are provided for, as follows:
Elementary Course.
Regular Normal Course.
Scientific Course.
Advanced Normal Course.
ELEMENTARY COURSE—Preparatory Studies.
L,ang-uag-c—Orthography, Reading.
Natural Science—Physiology and Hygiene.
Historical Science—Geography, Political and Physical; History
of the United States.
The Arts—Penmanship, sufficient to be able to explain some ap­
proved system; writing to be submitted to the Board of Examiners.
Other studies, as Arithmetic, English Grammar, Algebra, etc.,
shall be added to the preparatory year, said studies to be selected by
each Normal School, but the “final” examination in these added
branches shall be deferred until the end of the Junior year.
JUNIOR YEAR.

Pedagogics—School Management; Methods of Teaching the Com­
mon Branches.
, . ^ ^
Language—English Grammar; Latin, sufficient for the introduc­
tion of Caesar.
Mathematics—Arithmetic; Elementary Algebra.
Natural Science—Botany.
Historical Science—Civil Government.
The Arts—Drawing, a daily exercise for at least twenty-four
weeks, work to be submitted to the Board of Examiners; Bookkeeping,
single entry, including a knowledge of common business papers, and
a daily exercise for at least seven weeks; Vocal Music, elementary
principles, and attendance upon daily exercises for at least twelve
weeks.
Physical Culture.

24

pennsyi
SENIOR YEAR.

Pedag-og-ics-Psychologry; Methods of Teaching the Common
Branches; History of Education; Model School work, at least twenty
weeks.of actual teaching daily during one period of not less than fortyfive minutes; a Thesis on a professional subject.
Eanguage—Rhetoric and Composition; English Literature at
least twelve weeks’ work, including the thorough study of four Eng­
lish classics; Latin, C^sar, through the Helvetian War.
Mathematics—Plane Geometry.
Natural Science—Elementary Natural Philosophy.
Historical Science—General History.
Elocutionary exercises in connection with the study of
English Literature; Manual Training.
Physical Culture.

REGULAR NORMAL COURSE—Three Years,
(This Course includes the studies of the Elementary Course
and the following branches: A full equivalent will be ac­
cepted for any of the text-books named in this Course.)
Pedagogics-Advanced Psychology; Moral Science; Philosophy
of Education; Methods of Teaching; Practice of Teaching; Pedagoc^ical Works; Proebel, Education of Man; Quick, Educational Reformers;
Fitch, Lectures on Teaching; School Supervision, School ApparatusDiscussion of Manual Training, Physical Culture, etc.
Mathematics—Solid Geometry; Plane and Analytical Trigonome­
try; Surveying.
&
■ ^ Language—Latin; Cassar, 3 books; Vergil’s ^neid
Cicero, 3 orations.
^ 3 boofe;
Natural Science—Chemistry, including Chemistry
of Soils;
Zoology, including Entomology; and Geology.
Literature—Higher Literature, English and American,
including
a study of at least four classics.

SCIENTIFIC COURSE—Four Years,
This Course includes the studies of the Regular Normal
Course and the following branches:
Pedagogics Logic; Course of Professional Reading, selected
from Regular or Advanced Normal Course; a Thesis on a professional
subject.
^
Language—Latin; 3 book of Vergil’s ^neid, 3 orations of Cicero
or a full equivalent; an equivalent of Greek, German or French will
be accepted for any of the following studies: Vergil, Cicero, Higher
Alpbra, Spherical Trigonometry, Surveying, Analytical Geometry,
Calculus, Mathematical Natural Philosophy and Mathematical As-

Campus View,

OF THE twelfth district.

25

troHomy, and an equivalent of Latin and advanced work in Natural
Science for any of the foreg-oing- mathematical studies.
Mathematics—Higher Algebra; Spherical Trigonometry and Sur­
veying, with the use of instruments; Analytical Geometry; Differ­
ential and Integral Calculus.
Natural Science—Higher Natural Philosophy; Astromony, De­
scriptive and Mathematical.
Historical Science—English History; Grecian History; Roman
History.

ADVANCED NORMAL COURSE—Five Years.
(This Course includes the studies of the Scientific Course,
and one year’s additional work in Pedagogics, as follows; A
full equivalent will be accepted for any of the text-books of
the Course.)
Psychology—James, Advanced Course.
Laurie’s Institutes of Education; Rein’s Outline of Pedagogy;
Herbart’s Science of Education; Spencer’s Education; Rosmini’s
Method in Education; Davidson’s Education of the Greek People.
Discussion of Methods and Objects of Leading Educators;
Eroebel, Pestalozzi, Dr. Arnold, Horace Mann and others.
Discussion of Educational Theories.
Education in the United States; Education in Pennsylvania
pWickersham); General Survey of History of Public Education in
Germany, Erance and England.
Advanced work in Language, Mathematics, Natural Science, etc.,
may be taken at the option of the student.

RULES FOR FINAL EXAMINATIONS
And Admissions to the Junior and Senior Classes in the
Elementary Course.
1. Admission to the Senior and Junior classes shall be deter­
mined by the State Board of Examiners at the annual examination by
the Board.
2. In order to be admitted to the Junior class at any State Nor­
mal School, persons must be examined in the six preparatory branches
named and no others; and the examination in these branches shall be
finah Those who, for any reason, were unable to complete the pre­
paratory examination, may be admitted to both the preparatory and
the Junior examinations .at the end of the Junior year. But they
must be classed as preparatory students till the final examination in
the preparatory branches has been completed. No substitutions or
conditions shall be allowed for any of the studies required for admis­
sion to the Junior class.
3. In order to be admitted to the Senior class, persons must be

26

PKNNSYI.VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

examined in all the Junior studies, except Methods, and the examina­
tion in these branches shall be final. No substitutions or‘Conditions
shall be allowed for any of the studies required for admission to the
Senior class.
4. If the faculty of any State Normal School, or the State Board
Examiners, decide that a person is not prepared to pass an exami­
nation by the State Board, he shall not be admitted to the same ex­
amination at any other State Normal School during- the same year.
5. If a person who has completed the preparatory or the
Junior studies at any State Normal School, desires to enter another
State Normal School, the Principal of the school at which the exami­
nation was held shall send the proper certificate to the Principal of
the school which the person desires to attend. Except for the reason
here stated, no certificate setting forth the fact of the passing of the
Preparatory or Junior studies shall be issued.
^ 6. Candidates for graduation shall be examined in all the
branches of the Senior year. They shall have the opportunity of being
examined in any of the higher branches, including vocal and instru­
mental music and double entry bookkeeping; and all studies com­
pleted by them shall be named in their certificate.
7. Persons who have been graduated in any Course may be ex­
amined at any State examination in any branches of a higher course,
and the Secretary of the Board of Examiners shall certify, on the back
of their diplomas, to the passing of the branches completed at said ex­
amination.
8. A certificate setting forth the proficiency of all the applicants
in all the studies in which they desire to be examined by the State
Board of Examiners shall be prepared and signed by the faculty and
presented to the Board.

COLLEGE PREPARATORY COURSE,
This school now maintains a College Preparatory Course.
It includes sufficient Uatin, Greek, Mathematics and Litera­
ture to prepare students for admission to the best American
colleges.
SPECIAL CLASS FOR ACTUAL TEACHERS,
A course of study has been arranged for those teachers
who can not spend two consecutive years at school. This en­
ables them to take the studies of the Junior year of the Ele­
mentary Course in three spring terms.
DIPLOMAS,
Candidates for graduation are examined by the State
Board of Examiners in the branches of the Senior year. A

OF THK TWELFTH DISTRICT.

27

diploma, in which is named the branches of the Course, is
g-iven to those found qualified. This diploma permits the
holder to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania for two
full years.
»
Any g'raduate of this school who has continued his studies
for two years, and has taugfht two full annual terms in the
Common Schools of the State, is entitled to a second diploma.
These second diplomas are permanent certificates of the
highest grade. The holder is permitted to teach in the Pub­
lic Schools of Pennsylvania without further examination.
To secure a second diploma the applicant must present to
the Faculty and to the State Board of Examiners a certificate
testifying to his good moral character and skill in the art of
teaching, signed by the Board or Boards of Directors by whom
he was employed, and countersigned by the Superintendent of
the county in which he has taught. Blank applications may
be obtained at the office of the Principal.
STATE CERTIFICATES FOR ACTUAL TEACHERS,
The Normal School law requires the State Board of Ex­
aminers to grant State Certificates to actual teachers of the
Public Schools. It is not necessary for the applicant to have
attended a Normal School. These certificates are granted on
the following conditions :
1. Each applicant must be twenty-one years of age, and
have taught for three successive annual terms.
2. He must present certificate of good moral character,
and of successful teaching, signed by the Board or Boards of
Directors by whom he was employed, and countersigned by
the Superintendent of the county in which he taught.
3. The examinations to be in the studies of the Ele­
mentary Course, the Regular Normal Course, or the Scientific
Course, as the applicant may choose, or in other equivalent
branches.
TEXT BOOKS,
Free use of text books is furnished students in Arithmetic,
Grammar, Geography and Reading. All other books can be
obtained in the Book Room connected with the school, at

28

PENNSYI,VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

wholesale prices. In the Book Room is also kept a complete
assortment of stationery, pens, pencils, etc. Students are ad­
vised to bring" whatever text books they may have with them.
They are useful for reference.
The following list includes most of the text books now used:
Arithmetic—Robinson, Goff, Brooks.
Geometry—Wentworth, Wells, Loomis.
Readers King, Franklin, Saunders, Shoemaker.
Latin Collar & Daniel, Tuell & Fowler, Allen & Greenough’s Grammar, Caesar, Cicero, Vergil.
Spencerian System, Newland’s Vertical
System.
Grammar—& Lockwood, Reed & Kelloe-s"
Patterson.
Civil Government—Mowry.
Rhetoric—Hill, Genung.
English Literature—Shaw.
Geography—Frye, Harper, Guyot, Monteith.
Algebra—Wentworth, Robinson, Brooks.
Bookkeeping—hyixi, Rodgers & Williams.
Commercial Law—Rodgers & Williams.
U. S. History—Mowry, Montgomery, Barnes, Higgins.
Natural Philosophy—Avery, Gage.
Walker, Hutchinson.
Botany—Gray.
Drawing—Prang.
Vocal Music—L. W. Mason.
Methods of Instruction—White.
Psychology—lA-aHook, Baker, Gordy, Baldwin.
General Nistory—Myers, Barnes.
*
Chemistry—Shepard.
Dictionary—Webster, Worcester.
History of Education—Painter, Williams.
STATE APPROPRIATIONS,
The Legislature of Pennsylvania has made appropriations
to Normal students and Normal graduates under the following
conditions:
1. Each student over seventeen years of age who shall
sign a paper declaring his intention to teach in the Common
Schools of the State, shall receive the sum of fifty cents per
week.
2. Each student who, upon graduation, shall sign an

29

OF THE twelfth district.

agreement to teach in the Common Schools of the State two
full annual terms, shall receive an additional sum of fifty
dollars.
3. Students to secure these benefits must attend the
school at least one term of twelve consecutive weeks.
4. Each student drawing an allowance from the State
must receive regular instruction in Theory and Practice of
Teaching.
EXPENSES IN NORMAL DEPARTMENT,
Elsewhere we learn that the State appropriates fifty cents
per week for each student over seventeen years of age who
pursues professional studies for at least twelve consecutive
weeks, and fifty dollars for each graduate. These amounts
are credited on tuition and other accounts, leaving the student
to'pay twenty-one dollars less than full rates for Junior year,
and seventy-one dollars less than regular rates for Senior year.
Tuition per year, $51; deducting State aid, $30. The
tuition per term is divided as follows: Fall term, sixteen
weeks, $18. Winter term, twelve weeks, $16. Spring term,
fourteen weeks, $17. With the usual deductions of fifty cents
per week. State aid.
Tuition per week, for parts of term, $1.45.
The rooms in the dormitories are furnished with all nec­
essary articles. The rent is $6 to $10 for Fall term, and $4 to
$8 Winter and Spring terms. Students rooming alone are
charged one-third more.
Table board costs $2 per week.
The following is an estimate of the necessary expenses of
a student per year:
Tuition, State aid deducted................'................................$ 30
Board, 42 weeks....................... ............................................. • 84
Furnished rooms, including light and heat...................... 18
Books and incidentals...........................................................
18
$150

Students who board themselves can materially lessen the
expenses ; but it is to be remembered that it is false economy
for students to deny themselves wholesome, nutritious food,
or to use time in preparing meals needed for study and recre­
ation.

30

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Academic Department,
ENGLISH,
All progressive schools of the country are more and more
emphasizing the importance of a thorough study of the
English Eanguage. The elementary Normal course includes
Grammar, Rhetoric and English Literature. The course in
technical Grammar presupposes a thorough drill in elementary
language work, and is not begun until a certain maturity of the
intellect is attained. The methods employed are those which
will secure to the student the highest discipline and at the
same time give to him that knowledge of the structure of his
language which is essential to the prosecution of further
linguistic study. Considerable care is taken to fix clearly in
his mind the fundamental ideas and laws of language.
Power of expression is cultivated in every lesson by ret^uiring
original illustrative problems in construction. Then, at intervals in the course, finished compositions are required.
Analysis and synthesis run parallel throughout the course.
Daily exercises are given in the contraction and expansion of
phrases, clauses and sentences. Equivalent expressions are
studied with the same object that is kept in view in the study
of synonyms.
In Rhetoric, the same thoroughness in essentials is
carried but. The inductive process is followed by which the
laws of language are evolved. The pedagogical value of
the sentence as the unit of rhetorical language is kept con­
stantly in mind. The laws of discourse as manifested in the
continuity of style as shown by our best speakers and writers,
are constantly kept in mind. The critical study of style is
therefore made an accessory to the study of the literary work
of the respective authors.
Frequent exercises in composition are given, by which a

OF THE twelfth district.

31

g-ood literary style is cultivated. The work in both Rhetoric
and Grammar is carefully correlated so that the work in each
department supplements the other.
English and American Literature is studied during the
last two terms of the Senior year. During the last year the
text-book was supplemented by lectures on English Litera­
ture, and Brander Matthews’ “Introduction to American
Literature” was used for the same purpose. Courses in read­
ing are also given the students and frequent calls are made
for oral as well as written discussion of their literary work.
In the study of Literature, the library of the school is used as
a working laboratory and students are taught to investigate for
themselves. In this way, not only a taste for Literature is
created and cultivated, but the students are taught to handle
books. In addition to this, much attention is paid to the
critical reading of at least four English classics. Last year
the classics studied were “The Tempest,” “Hiawatha,”
Burke’s “Speech on Conciliation with America,” and Emer­
son’s essay on “The Uses of Great Men.” The aim in this
study is to give the student a genuine love, for good litera­
ture and to make him familiar with the standard authors of
his mother tongue.
DRAWING,
The time is near at hand when a knowledge of Drawing
will be required of every teacher. It is a valuable aid in
nearly every department of school work. The aim of the in­
structor in this department is to make the work as practicable
as possible. Copying is not drawing. The work requires
twenty-eight weeks and embraces the following: Elementary
designs, free hand drawing, angular and parallel perspective,
light and shade, theory of color, landscape, marine, map
drawing and rapid sketching from nature and relief forms.
BOOKKEEPING,
An excellent opportunity for taking Bookkeeping in
single and double entry is offered. In this practical age every
teacher should have such a knowledge of the principles of
Commercial Law, Bookkeeping and Business Forms as to en-

32

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

able him to transact business intelligently. In order to teach
these things, they must be thoroughly understood. The
student here can, by actual practice, become familiar with the
duties of the merchant, the banker, the commission agent,
the bookkeeper, etc. Each student is urged to take a course
in double entry as well as single entry. The amount re­
quired by the course is so meagre as to barely familarize one
with the elementary principles of practical Bookkeeping.
LATIN,
In Latin we aim to make a thorough and exhaustive study
of the principles of the language, and to give so thorough a drill
in Latin Grammar as to facilitate an extended study of the
language. We strive to show the close relationship which
exists between the* Latin language and our own. English
words from Latin roots are traced to the original. The life
arid campaigns of Caesar are critically studied. The geography
of Gaul and Ancient Italy, the history of the destruction of
the Republic, and the formation of the Roman Empire, are
made the subjects of interesting talks with the instructor.
The Roman method of pronunciation is used. Advanced
work in Latin is being done constantly and students can enter,
both in Latin and Greek, the classical courses of our best
colleges;
ARITHMETIC,
The work in Arithmetic is divided into two grades.
One begins at Decimal Fractions and completes the work
as far as Percentage.
Another grade begins with Percentage and finishes the
book.
There is also a general review class arranged for each
term.
An effort is made to give the pupils an intelligent
knowledge of the subject, and the power of independent
thought, so as to obtain results rapidly and correctly. Me­
chanical processes and routine methods are of no value. Stu­
dents here are trained to logical habit of thought, and are
stimulated to a high degree of intellectual energy.

OF THE twelfth district.

33

ALGEBRA,
The work in Algebra belongs to the Junior year.
We recognize the fact that Algebra is essential in all the
higher mathematics, hence thoroughness is our aim. Three
successive terms are given to this branch. It is commenced
early in the course, and prosecuted with vigor.
GEOMETRY,
It is generally conceded that the best mental drill is derived
from the demonstration of geometrical theorems. In no other
study can the language and thinking power of students be so
well trained to clearness and conciseness. Problems are de­
duced from the theorems of the book, thus making the sub­
ject both interesting and practical. Every term there are stu­
dents in both plane and solid geometry, and when needed
classes in trigonometry and surveying are formed.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY,
As aids to the study of Physical Geography, there are
available at all times maps, charts, globes; also apparatus for
illustrating the relative sizes, positions and movements of the
bodies of the solar system. Especial attention is paid to the
physical causes underlying the various phenomena treated
under this subject. As far as practicable, such subjects as
atmospheric pressure, intermittent springs, etc., are explained
by actual experiment before the class.
PHYSICAL TRAINING,
A Gymanasium has been fitted up, adding much to the
ef&ciency of the school. The apparatus is the best made, con­
sisting of parallel bars, vaulting bars, traveling rings,' strik­
ing bag, trapeze, etc. Young men exercise in the Gymnasium
daily.
During the cooler months one period daily is spent by the
girls in light gymnastics, under fhe direction of a skillful and
experienced teacher. The aim is “to preserve health and
strength, to promote graceful bearing and movements,' and to
give recreation. The work consists of exercises in breathing,
gesture, calisthenics and dumb bells, marching, fancy steps.

34

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

and g-ames. The correct way of sitting, rising, standing,
walking, etc., is taught, and individual work is given for
special defects.
Ladies are requested to come provided with blouse waist,
low, easy shoes, and a short full skirt, or a divided skirt. The
latter is usually adopted by the girls, but it is not required.
HISTORY,
To gain a broader view of the History of the United
States than that given in our ordinary text-books, has been
the aim of the History Department during the past year, and
we lay especial stress upon institutional history. A knowl­
edge of the important events in European History from the
fifteenth to the eighteenth century was found necessary to
thoroughly understand the Colonial period.
Since European politics determined American politics
from the beginning of the Revolutionary period through two
decades of the nineteenth century, the aim of the work was
to familiarize the class with the political history of both
countries.
The platforms of the various political parties, and the
great issues of the time have all become familar to the pupils.
CIVICS,
Realizing the importance of intelligent citizenship in a
republic, and the necessity of clear views of our social and
political relations, much stress is laid on this branch of study.
The nature, theory and necessity of government, together
with the historical epochs through which the race has passed in
its efforts to reach a higher and broader liberty, are all explicit­
ly set forth. The rights, obligations and duties of citizenship,
involving the study of man in his various relations to the family,
the church and the state, are carefully studied. In fact, man’s
relative place in his environment is the thought around which
all the instruction centers. His relation as a citizen of a
republic, to the local unit, to his
state, and to that over­
shadowing sovereignty which we call the government of the
United States, is thoroughly impressed. We aim to make not

OF THE twelfth district.

35

only intelligent citizens, but through a study of his natural
and acquired rights we endeavor to make him an honest, an
upright and a capable citizen. The constitution of the
United States and the constitution of Pennsylvania are care­
fully dissected. The several departments of the state and
national governments and the intricate relations existing be­
tween these two forms of government are examined with
great care.
Lectures and lessons, bn the township, the borough, the
county are of frequent occurrence. The school district as
the unit of the educational system of the state is studied with
special reference to its value to a prospective teacher.
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY,
The chief aim of this department is to make not only stu­
dents of Geography but teachers, hence we insist on even
more of the subject than the prospective teacher will probably
be called upon to teach. We also require students to sketch and
model readily and to study good methods of presentation.
The Physics or “causal notion” is kept prominent throughout
the whole course. They are so trained that they are enabled
to recognize, each in his own neighborhood, the elements and
forces of the whole world. We endeavor to follow the
thought of Ritter, who says: “Wherever our home is, there
lie all the material which we need for the study of the entire
globe.” The course includes descriptive, commercial and
historical Geography; in short, we place the subject in the
very front rank of nature studies and make it the most com­
prehensive of all branches in the school course.

36

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

The Sciences*
The scope and aim of the various departments in Science
are such as to prepare teachers for the requirements of any of
our public schools, and to meet the wants of those who may
wish to do advanced work, either as a preparation for some
one of the various professions, or in anticipation of a course
of study in a higher institution. In no department is the
object to entertain or simply to suggest, but to give opportuni­
ty for that development of mind which results in power, disci­
pline and mental fibre. To obtain these results the following
attainments are kept in view:
1. The development of the power of defining.
2. The development of the power of observation.
3. The development of the power of accurate description
of objects and phenomena observed.
4. Logical reasoning from observed facts—induction.
5. The development of the power of deductive reasoning.
6. The acquisition of scientific knowledge, professional
and academic, including a familiarity with scientific appara­
tus, its care and uses.
CHEMISTRY,
The subject of Chemistry is taught throughout the year.
Students may begin this work any time, but those who can
continue the subject until it is completed without interruption
will reap the best results. The laboratory is complete in all the
apparatus necessary for the speedy acquisition of chemical
knowledge. The student' is required to keep his note book
constantly before him and record all he observes in his experimentL He is also required, so far as may be possible, to
explain the molecular changes taking place, the manifesta­
tions of energy, its transformations and products.
A well lighted, commodious and convenient room on the

OF THE twelfth district.

37

first floor of the science building is used for this purpose. It
is equipped with chemical tables of recent design, supplied
with shelving, drawers, distilled water, etc. The cabinet is
well supplied with all necessary chemicals, which are properly
labeled and catalogued. In the same room is a constant sup­
ply of spring water, which together with the drainage system
is indispensible to a chemical laboratory. Other articles, such
as gas receivers, balances, thermometers, air pumps, distilling
apparatus, barometer, beakers, bell jars, porous cup, cruci­
bles, cruets, hydrometers, glass tubing, specific gravity
bottles, etc., etc., are in daily use by the students.
The courses offered are as follows;
I. General chemistry, laboratory work daily, lectures and recita­
tions weekly, continued throug-hout the year.
v
II. Chemistry of soils, laboratory work daily, lectures weekly,
continued through two terms.
»
III. Quantitative analysis, laboratory work, lectures and read­
ing. The amount of work to be done in this course is at the option of
the student and is open only to those who have had course I or its.
equivalent.

The text-books used are Shepard’s Chemistry, Prescott’s
Elements of Chemistry, Freer’s Theoretical Chemistry and
Prescott & Johnson’s Text-book of Chemistry. The chemi­
cal library is also open to students who may wish to use it.
It contains a number of standard works on this subject.
PHYSICS,
The subject of Physics receives the attention its import­
ance demands. The Seniors begin the subject in the fall term
and continue it throughout the year. We believe that few
physical laboratories are supplied with a greater variety of
apparatus than this one. A few of the pieces are a Ritchie
air pump, a double piston air pump, Bunsen’s air pump, a
large plate electric machine, dielectric machine, a hand
dynamo, whirling table, hydrostatic bellows, hydrometers,
reaction wheel, Torricellian tube, barometers, Marriott’s
tubes, four models of pumps, numerous pieces of apparatus to
illustrate the phenomena of electricity and magnetism. A few
of these are an electroscope, an electrophorus, Eeyden bat-

38

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

teries, electric chime, Voltaic cells of various forms, Voltaic
batteries, Astatic galvanometer, dipping needles, compasses
and magnets of various forms, telephonic apparatus, electric
bells, Ruhmkorff’s coil, incandescent lamp, etc., etc. For
teaching the principles of sound the laboratory is supplied
with tuning forks, a vacuum bell, a ratchet wheel, sanometer,
reed pipes, etc. For the study of light a fine heliostat is pro­
vided; other pieces are concave mirrors, numerous lenses,
prisms, stereoscope, crystals of Iceland spar, etc.
In Physics the following courses are offered :
I. Elementary Physics; Mechanics, Sound, Eight, Heat, Electrici­
ty and Magnetism, continued throughout the year, daily recitations.
II. Eaboratory work in Physics, Pall and Winter terms. Lec­
tures and :jecitations weekly.
III. Advanced course in Physics. A knowledge of Trigonome­
try and familiarity with .logarithms is required.
IV. Advanced Mechanics. A knowledge of the Calculus is re­
quired.

The library is well supplied with reading matter bearing
upon these subjects. The text-books used are Avery’s Ele­
ments of Natural Philosophy, Carhart & Chute’s Eaboratory
Manual, Carhart & Patterson’s University Physics.
BOTANY,
Botany is required of the Juniors during the Spring Term.
The course requires work in Systematic and Physiological
Botany. Beside the usual amount of field work required and
the study of a text-book for the purpose of familiarizing the
student with the terms used in descriptive botany, the student
is required to make observations upon numerous experiments
upon plants and to draw conclusions from them. These ex­
periments include'such as bear upon the subjects of absorption
of liquid nutriment, movement of water in the plant, absorp­
tion of gases, respiration and other forms of metabolism, irri­
tability and growth. About twenty experiments are included
in each of the above divisions of Plant Physiology.
The work in Cryptogamic Botany may be pursued at any
season of the year. The school is provided with alcoholic
material of algae, hundreds of specimens of fungi, and the vi-

OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT.

39

cinity abounds in numerous specimens of the vascular crypto­
gams. In Histological Botany tbe work covers the minute
examination and delineation of the structure of roots, stems
and leaves of both the endogens and exogens. For the prose­
cution of this work the school is equipped with a water sys­
tem, compound microscopes of the latest design, abbe camera
lucida, reagents and stains.
The courses offered in Botany are as follows:
I. Systematic Botany. Plant analysis and the preparation of an
Herbarium. Recitations and lectures daily throug-h the Spring term.
II. Plant Physiology, laboratory workdaily and lectures week­
ly during one term.
III. Histology, laboratory work daily and lectures weekly
through two terms.
IV. Algie. laboratory work daily with supplementary read­
ing, lectures occasionally. Time at the option of the studfent.
V. Fungi. Laboratory work daily, with supplementary read­
ing, lectures about weekly. Time at the option’of the student, (This
course includes work upon the Myxomycetes and Bacterial cultures.)
VI. The Vascular Cryptogams. Laboratory work daily with
supplementary reading, lectures weekly. Time at the option of the
student.
VII. Plant Embryology. Laboratory work with supplementary
reading, lectures occasionally. (This course is open only to those who
have a knowledge of microscopic technique.)

The Botanical Library is open at all times to students.
It contains such works as Cook’s Fungi, Farlow’s Alg^,
Vines’ Text Book of Botany, Bessey’s Botany (complete course),
Goodell’s Physiological Botany, MacDougal’s Plant Physiol­
ogy, Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and
Canada by Britton and Brown, Wood’s Botany, Botany of the
Western States by Coulter, the Botanical Gazette, etc.
ZOOLOGY,
The subject of Zoology is pursued only by Post Graduate
students and special students taking the regular Normal
course. It will be conceded that no one can fully appreciate
the principles of Physiology who does not have some idea of
the facts relating to Zoology. This truth is kept in mind
throughout all the work. The museum containing hundreds
of well preserved vertebrate forms aids greatly in systematic

40

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

zoolog-y. The school hopes to be in possession of a microtome
and paraffine bath in the near future for the preparation of
tissues for microscopic work. At present, however, it has
access to slides permanently mounted for this work. The
course in invertebrate morphology begins with the amoeba
and leads through such forms as paramoecium, hydra, earth­
worm, starfish, crayfish and mussel up to the frog. The work
in Entomology embraces the classification of insects together
with the dissection of the more common forms.
In Zoology the following courses are offered:
I. Systematic Zoolog-y. Recitations daily throughout one term.
II. Invertebrate Morphology. Laboratory work daily with sup­
plementary reading, lectures and recitations weekly.
III. Lntomology. Laboratory work twice a week. Recitations
daily. Continued through one term.
IV. Embryology of the chick. Laboratory work with supplemen­
tary reading. Recitations and lectures weekly. Continued through­
out two terms.

Such works as Claus and Sedgwick’s Zoology, Balfour’s
Comparative Embryology, Agassiz and Gould’s Zoology,
Hertwig’s Embryology, Foster and Balfour’s Embryology,
Packard’s Zoology, etc., are accessible to the student.
PHYSIOLOGY,
The aim in Physiology is primarily to fit teachers for
public school work. Digestion and assimilation, the storage
and liberation of energy being the vital activities peculiar to
organized beings, a few preliminary lectures upon chemistry
are given that these phenomena may be the better understood.
The subjects of Physiology proper and* Hygiene are taught
from a biological standpoint. A manikin showing the mus­
cular and vascular systems, a fine set of charts showing the
effects of narcotics and alcohol, two skeletons, one mounted
and one unmounted, are owned by the school.
In Physiology two courses are offered:
I. Physiology as found in the elementary text-books. Recita­
tions and lectures daily throughout one term.
II. Histology. Laboratory work and reading.

ASTRONOMY,
Astronomy may be taken up during the Fall or Winter

OF THE twelfth district.

41

term. Young’s General Astronomy is used. The student
should have a knowledge of Trigonometry in order to obtain
the best results, though it is not required. The school is pro­
vided with a mounted three inch telescope for this work.
GEOLOGY,
This subject may be pursued during the Fall or Winter
term. Winchell’s Geological Studies serves as an outline.
The student is encouraged to collect, grind and mount fossils
for microscopic examination. The library contains the usual
books of reference upon these subjects, and the museum con­
tains a large number of specimens.

m•

Professional Department.
THEORETICAL SIDE,
The professional side of Normal Schools is what makes
them unique and gives them a paramount right to be called
the heart of the public school system. We have already dis­
cussed the academic side of our school, but as we have said in
another place, such work in a Normal School has also a dis­
tinctive professional value. For convenience, however, we
will observe the ordinary distinction and will include under
the professional side simply the Science of Education and the
Art of Education. We desire to emphasize this two-fold di­
vision. Under the first, we have such branches as Psychology,
both rational and physiological, and History of Education.
Under the art side, we have the Model School (see infrai)
which not only affords the necessary opportunity for child
study, including the mental, the physical and the moral

42

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

growth, but affords our student teachers the best possible op­
portunity to apply and make practical the theoretical side of
their professional work.
PSYCHOLOGY,
Psychology, or the science of mind, is the soul of peda­
gogy, and it is our aim to so emphasize it that its professional
value becomes apparent. The recent advance in the methods
of studying this important subject has made its presentation
no easy task. For several years past, the word ‘‘‘‘new" Psy­
chology has been the pet phrase of educational doctrinaires,
and many honest teachers have been afraid to confess that
they still found inspiration in Aristotle, Hamilton, Porter, and
McCosh. But already there is an apparent ebb of the tide and
we are beginning to realize that whatever differences we may
have, they are more in name th^n in substance. The greatest
contribution that the new school of Psychologists has made
to the old science has been the emphasis given to the study of
child development and psycho-physics. This has been a dis­
tinct and most valuable contribution and with the large in­
crease in the number of laboratories created in our higher
universities and best Normal Schools for this kind of work,
many good results are yet to come. This phase of the subject
is not only extremely fascinating but very valuable, and at
Edinboro plans are now being laid for scientific work along
the lines of child study and physiological psychology. An­
other valuable result of the efforts of the new school has been
to eliminate from the science the subtleties of metaphysics as
well as the formal analysis of mind. In our work here, we
give our students a full outline of rational Psychology, and
upon that we build a completed structure. We show how the
modern phases, as child study, empirical Psychology, and ap­
perception have had their origin and development. The text
books on the subject are supplemented by practical talks on
sensation, the percept, the concept. Enough of the physiolo­
gy of the nervous system is given to make the current litera­
ture and the statistics of the laboratories easily comprehended.
During all stages of the course, the results are correlated with

OF THE twelfth district.

43

the work done in the department of Physiolog-y as well as with
the practical work in the Model School.
Last year the work was supplemented with a course in
apperceptive Psychology, using De Garmo’s ‘ ‘ Essentials of
Methods. ” And when the History of Education was taken up,
irequent use was made of the standard works of the leading
educators both of the past and of the present. In this way,
an opportunity was afforded for studying not only the best
thoughts of the writers, but also the evolution of pedagogical
literature. We thus endeavor to preserve that historical unity
that is so essential in all scientific study.
TRAINING OR PRACTICAL SIDE,—MODEL SCHOOL,
A model Model School, a practice school, well patronized,
well equipped, well organized and well managed, has always
been considered a desirable feature of a Normal School, but in
these days of scientific investigation, when the “laboratory
method” has been extended even to pedagogy, such a school is
a recognized necessity. To maintain a school of this charac­
ter, to attain these ideal conditions, has always been the aim
and policy of the Edinboro Normal School. That it has suc­
ceeded is well attested by the past record of the Training De­
partment here, as well as by its present excellence and
efficiency.
The Model School rooms occupy almost the entire lower
floor of Normal Hall, the largest, finest building on the cam­
pus. They consist of a large study room, an equally large
gymnasium and seven class rooms. These rooms are all well
lighted, comfortably heated and are provided with modern
furniture of an approved style. The class rooms are well
•equipped with maps, globes, charts, reference books and other
aids in teaching, while the book cases and study room tables
show a liberal and well assorted supply of books and periodi­
cals for supplementary reading.
This department has an enrollment of ninety pupils.
These are so classified as to represent every grade of school
work from the Kindergarten tp the High School. The stu-

44

PENNSYI
dent-teachers are required to spend one period daily in the
Model School, for a whole year, teaching- one-half of this
daily period and observing the plans and methods of the prin­
cipal or her assistants the other half. In addition to this,
each student-teacher, for a definite length of time, is made re­
sponsible for the order and work of the study room during
certain periods of the day. As this room usually contains
about forty pupils engaged in seat-work, its management is no
light test of a student’s power to control and superintend
pupils en masse.
Both the study room and class room work are closely su­
pervised by the principal of the Model School, who holds fre­
quent individual interviews with the student-teachers for the
purpose of giving directions, offering suggestions, or making
criticisms. Weekly meetings are also held, where attention is
called to general errors in teaching, methods are analyzed and
leading pedagogical questions are discussed.
In accordance with the idea that a consideration of the
advance movements in education should form an essential fea­
ture of Normal School training, this department gives special
attention to the subjects of kindergarten work, nature study,
concentration and child study. Particular stress is laid upon
the last, and the subject next year will be given a thoroughly
practical and scientific bearing, by the introduction of ‘'labor­
atory” work.
A series of lectures on “Primary Methods” is gii^en each
year by the principal of the Model School to all members of
the school, and special courses are arranged for post-graduate
and other students desiring training work.
VS.

OF THE twelfth district.

45

Elocution Departments
This is only the second year we have had the Elocution
Department, but it has already shown marked improvement in
our school work in many ways. The aim of this department
is to train the student to express himself fully, and to teach
others to do so. The department also offers facilities for
hig-her elocution and development, that the student may fit
himself as a public teacher, reader, or as an accomplishment.
Our course can be completed in two years; the work being- di­
vided as follows :
first year.

Physical Culture—Exercises for health and streng-th.
Reading—To gain clear articulation, good pronunciation,
phrasing, emphasis and expression.
Delsarte—Exercises for grace and ease.
Voice—Exercises to develop and have perfect control of
the voice.
Recitations—That the student may understand the moods
of man and how to appear in each.
The recitations selected are of the best and are chosen
from the standard literary works and recitation books.
Mind Training—Which enables the student to memorize
rapidly.
SECOND YEAR.

Physical Culture—Stronger movements.
Philosophy of Expression.
Recitations—More difficult and original work.
Shakespeare—To be studied from the dramatic standpoint.
Delsarte—Poses, pantomimes, facial expression.
All students graduating in Elocution must have a knowl­
edge of rhetoric, literature, and all the common branches, at
least.
Our system is the system taught by Prof. Byron W. King.

46

PENNSYI,VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

Arrang-ements have been made with Professor King- enablingstudents graduating- in our department to graduate at the
King’s School of Oratory with one year’s study.
READING.
The reading classes of the Normal are taught under the
direction of this department. We find reading has been neg­
lected very much and it is our aim to make good readers.
DELSARTE,
The Delsarte classes are large and all the students are in­
terested in them. We have in these classes drills, marches
and poses that benefit the student in many ways.
ELOCUTION,
Elocution is taught in private lessons which are strictly pri­
vate. Should we think a student lacks the qualification and
talent for a successful worker he is told the truth at once.
PHYSICAL CULTURE,
The Physical Culture classes belong to the regular Junior
year. Free work is mostly taught, although we have Indian
club and dumb-bell drills.
ENTERTAINMENTS,
An entertainment is given every term by the Elocution
Department, the Delsarte classes contributing largely to the
entertaining and artistic features of the evening’s entertain­
ment.
Tuition for Elocution Lessons.
ONB LESSON A WEEK.

TWO LESSONS A WEEK.

For Fall Term,
$9.00.
$16.00.
For Winter Term,
$7.00.
$12.00.
For Spring Term,
$8.00.
$14.00.
The Delsarte lessons, two a week, are class lessons. The
tuition for each term, $3.00.
Elocution students are given the Delsarte lessons free.
The Elocution terms are the same as the school terms^
consisting of sixteen, twelve and fourteen weeks.

OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT.

47

Music Department.
The aim of this Department is not only to prepare teach­
ers for leading the music in public schools, but also to offer
facilities for higher musical culture, in voice and piano. Ad­
vanced courses have been arranged with special reference to
this end.
PIANO,
Mechanical studies:
Heller, Op. 45.
Spindler, Op. 131.
Heller, Op. 16.
Hoesehhorn, Op. 65.
30 Studies from Gradusad ParnasKohler, Op. 162 and 151.
sum by Clementi.
Gurlitt, Op. 83 Bk. 1.
Bertini, Op 32.
HeCouppey, Op. 17.
Krause, Op. 2.
Duvernoy, Op. 120.
Cramer, 50 Studies.
Czerny, Op. 640.
Schmitt, Op. 16.
Loeschhorn, Op. 66.
Bach’s 2 and 3, Part Inventions. Kullak, Op. 48, Bk. 2.

In addition to these, selections will be made from the fol­
lowing Etudes for rythm, phrasing and expression:
Burg-mueller, Op. 100.
Concone, Op. 24.
I/oeschhorn, Op. 38 and 52.
Spindler, Op. 273, Bk. 1.

Heller, Op. 47.
Heller, Op. 46, Bks. 1 and 2.
Jenson, Op. 32, 25 Etudes.
Moscheles, Op. 70.

The musical development will be made to keep pace with
the mechanical execution by the study of pieces from the works
of the masters, especial attention being given to the cultivation
of a musical touch and a correct interpretation of the standard
works.
VOICE,
Vocal music is universally conceded to be the highest type
of music. We owe it to ourselves and to society to bring
out the capabilities of our voices, and if specially endowed we
should have our gifts carefully trained. Special care is taken
in the first year’s work in the proper placing of the voice, as

48

PENNSYI
this is of the utmost importance to the sing’er, and no satis­
factory progress can be made until this is accomplished. At­
tention is also given to proper management of the- breath,
phrasing and artistic tone, all of which are used in connection
with study of standard studies, songs, and arias from operas
and oratorios.
In addition to the regular course in voice culture, this de­
partment makes a specialty of a chorus and sight-singing class,
which is free to all Normal and Conservatory students, and is
a required study for all Normal graduates. Very few teachers
are qualified to successfully teach vocal music in the public
schools, and the true reason would seem to be a lack of train­
ing in their Normal work. After completing this course, stu­
dents have the opportunity of teaching it in the Model School,
thus preparing themselves for presenting the subject in their
future teaching.
VOCAL CLUBS,
There are connected with the school two vocal clubs,
the ConneaUttee Glee Club for gentlemen and the ^Eolian
Club for ladies. The members of these clubs are chosen
from the best singers in the school, regardless of class
distinction, and are given a special drill twice a week by the
director of music. Their progress has been quite remarkable,
and the enthusiasm displayed by the members shows that
they appreciate as well as thoroughly enjoy this privilege.
HARMONY,
A study of Elementary Harmony is absolutely essential
to every musician. The department offers a course covering
two years, which includes a ,study of scales, intervals, naming
and writing the same from sound, concord and discord, voice
leading, two and three part writing, formation and pro­
gression of chords, treatment of dominant and secondary
seventh chords, cadences, transpositions, suspensions, sequences,
exceptional chord treatment, four part writing from given
basses, analysis, meter, writing chorals, hymn tunes,
quartets, etc.

Delsarte Class.

49

OF THE TWEEFTH DISTRICT.

ADVANTAGES,
Music Hall is devoted to the exclusive use of the depart­
ment, and is provided with a pleasant hall in which Concerts,
Musicales, Lectures, etc., are held. The department is also
supplied with pianos, organs, practice and recitation rooms.
The Musicales, Recitals, Lectures, etc., are free to all pupils
in music. The sight-singing and chorus class, is one of the
free classes.
The frequent Musicales and Recitals are of great benefit
to pupils, giving them an opportunity to become acquainted
with the best class of music and musicians, and at the same
time practical experience in performing before others.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION,
Candidates for graduation must complete the course in
Harmony and one other branch, and in addition must
complete at least three grades in a third ; as for example, any
one finishing Vocal and Harmony, must also finish three
grades in Piano.
The graduates give a recital at the completion of the
course, assisted by other members of the music department
chosen by the director.
To those finishing the course is given the diploma of the
Echool, signed by the Faculty and officers of the school.
EXPENSE OF MUSIC DEPARTMENT,
There are three terms in a school year, consisting of
sixteen, twelve and fourteen weeks respectively.
Private lessons in Voice, Piano, (one per week)—
For Fall Term...........................................................................
For Winter Term......................................................................
For Spring Term.....................................................................
Single Lesson......................................... .. .•...........................
Private lessons in Voice, Piano, or Organ, (two per week)—
For Fall Term..................................................................... • • •
For Winter Term....................................................................
For Spring Term......................... .......... .................................
Harmony and Composition (six in class)....................................

..
..
..

00
9 00
10 SO
1 00

.. 18 00
.. 13 50
.. 15 75
.. 5 00

so

PENNSYI.VANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Rent of Piano, one period per day, per term..................................
Rent of Organ, one period per day, per term. .........................

2 00'
1 00

Those paying- full tuition in the Normal Department will
receive a reduction of twenty per cent, from the catalogue
price for lessons.
LIBRARY,
The Library contains about seven thousand carefully
selected volumes. Its value and utility depend largely on the
intelligent means employed to bring its contents within
convenient reach. The Librarian, by his skillful use of the
blackboard, calls the attention of the students to matters of
current history, and by maps and other drawings presents
comprehensive views that are of invaluable assistance to
every department. He has also devoted much time to the
compilation of a reference book based on the Dewey system.
Within the past year over ten thousand items have been
classified almost wholly from current literature.
Upon the reading tables are found :
Monthlies.

The Century Magazine,
Popular Science Monthly,
Scribner’s Magazine,
Review of Reviews,
Self-Culture.

North American Review,
The Forum,
McClure’s,
Ladies’ Home Journal,
Outlook,

Illustrated Papers.

Harper’s Weekly,
Leslie’s Weekly,

Puck,
Youth’s Companion,
The Judge.
Educational Papers.

Educational Review,
Pedagogical Seminary,
Teacher’s Institute,
Kindergarten,
New York School Journal,
Pennsylvania School Journal,
National Educator,

New England Journal of Educa[tion.
Education,
Popular Educator,
American Teacher,
School Gazette,
Educational News,
Primarv Education,

OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT.

Student’s Journal,
Penman’s Art Journal,

SI

Teacher’s World,
Educational Independent.
Religious Papers,

Presbyterian,
Interior,
Golden Rule,
Outlook,
Sunday School Times,

Christian Statesman,
Christian Advocate,
United Presbyterian,
Presbyterian Journal,
Young Men’s Era,
Bible Reader.
Secular Weeklies,

New York Sun,

New York Tribune.
Scientific Weeklies.

Patent Office Reports,
Scientific American,
Scientific American Supplement.
Dailies.

Pittsburg Dispatch,
Erie Herald,
Erie Journal,

'

Tribune Republican,
Dispatch Gazette,
Philadelphia Times.

Miscellaneous,

Woman’s Journal,
Musical Record,
Traveler’s Record,

Etude,
Vocalist,
Current History,
The Wheelman.

The following county papers are found on file in the
Library through the generosity of the publishers :
Waynesburg Independent,
Venango Spectator,
Crawford Journal,
Conneautville Courier,
Sharon Record,
Sharon Herald,
Dispatch and Republican,
Advance Argus,
Cochranton Times,
DuBois Weekly Courier,
Advance Guard,

Cameron Co. Press,
New Castle Guardian,
Meadville Gazette,
Einesville Herald,
The Enterprise,
Western Press,
Greenville Progress,
Kittanning Free Press,
Waterford Leader,
New Castle Courier,
Corry Weekly,

S2

PENNSYI,VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

Union Free Press,
Wattsburg Sentinel,
McKean County Miner,
Pennsylvania Farmer,
Star Mail,
Armstrong Republican,
Fdinboro Independent,
Jamestown World,
DuBois Tribune.

MUSEUM,
The excellent Museum, enriched several years ago by the
purchase of the famous “Ennis Collection,” is in the Library
and adjoining rooms. Here the students of Natural History
can find a large and valuable collection of specimens, consist­
ing of mounted animals, birds, alcoholic specimens of fishes,
reptiles, etc. Also a variety of coral shells, minerals and
Indian relics.
LECTURE COURSES,
During the last few years the following lecturers have
appeared before the school;
George W. Allen.
Levin Irwin Handy (2).
Rev. James Read, D. D.
C. D. Higby, Ph. D.
John B. De Motte, Ph. D.
Hon. James R. Burns (2).
Supt. H. C. Missimer.
Prof. J. H. Montgomery.
State Supt. N. C. Schaeffer.
Hon. D. J. Waller, Jr.
Supt. F. Treudley.
Supt. F. M. Bullock.
Rev. S. A. Smith, Ph. D.
Rev. A. E. Winship.
Pres. John Howard Harris, LL. D.
Pres. George Edward Reed, D. D.
Theodore C. Knauff.
Byron W. King.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached in 1892 by the
Rev. C. T. Beach, D. D., of the Methodist church.

OF THE twelfth district.

53

In 1893 by the Rev. Clarence A. Adams, D. D., of the
Baptist church.
In 1894 by the Rev. J. G. Chapman; of the Presbyterian
church.
In 1895 by the Rev. Charles W. Smith, D. D., editor of
the Christian Advocate.
In 1896 by the Rev. Wm. P. Stevenson, of the Presby­
terian church.
In 1897 by the Rev. B. Canfield Jones, of the Presby­
terian church.
RELIGIOUS EXERCISES,
This school, while it is strictly non-sectarian, exercises
g'reat care in the moral training- of its students.
All students, except such as are excused by the Principal,
are required to attend morning- devotional exercises in the
Chapel.
Students are expected to attend public worship each
Sabbath morning-.
There are fiourishing societies of the Y. M. C. A., Y,
W. C. A., and Y. W. C. T. U., in the school. The Y. W,
C. T. U. holds bi-weekly meetings. The other organizations
hold meetings each Sabbath afternoon.
A student prayer meeting is held each Sunday evening.
LITERARY SOCIETIES,
The great value of literary culture was early recognized
by the management of this school. The result was that
societies for drilling in readings, recitations, essays, orations,
debates, etc., were established. Out of these have grown
the present two well organized and efficient literary societies,
namely, the Potter and the Philo Everett, besides one debat­
ing club. The Potter is the older of the two societies and
was organized about 1862; the Philo on the 22d of August,
1864. At the organization of the latter society, Hon. S. M.
Brainerd, late a member of Congress, now a practicing lawyer
of Erie, who was then a student in the school, acted as

54

PENNSYI
secretary of the meeting-. The first minutes of the society
are entered in his hand-vrriting-. These two societies are in a
hig-hly flourishing condition. They each have beautifully
furnished rooms with a square piano in each, finely carpeted,
and each with a large stage with curtains and the necessary
scenery to enable them to give dramatic entertainments.
Considerable friendly rivalry exists between them and they
are in the habit of giving annual contests for prizes in which
chosen members from each take part. The time of meeting
of each society is at 2:00 o’clock Saturday afternoon and the
work done is of a high order of excellence, and the students
of the school are urged to join and take part in the weekly
exercises. Edinboro is especially proud of these two institu­
tions and justly believes that in no other Normal School
in the State is the literary side of the school, in so far as
public performance is concerned, better taken care of.

ImI

55

OF THB TWEI
CATALOGUE OF THE ALUMNI
OF THE

Edinboro State Normal School.
This register gives the names of the Alumni since 1892.
TSIo record or register of Alumni previous to this date can be
found. The Association desires to have a complete list of
graduates, and it is earnestly requested of each alumnus, to
•send his name, class, address and occupation to the president
of the Association or to the Principal of the school. Cata­
logues, circulars and other school announcements can accord­
ingly be sent him.
CLASS OF 1892.

Berm, Edna
Brown, E. Clint
Day, L. C.
Eang-ley, Eouis
Eangley, Eeona M.
Perry, Mary M.
Ralston, Samuel H.
Reeder, Anna
Rupert, Alice
"Wade, Marg-aret
Wade, William
White, Addison
Woodard, W. H.

14 Boyle St., Allegheny. Teacher.
Railroad Office.
Butte City, Idaho.
Lawyer.
Nebraska City, Neb.
Law Student.
Warren.
Teacher.
Cambridge Springs.
Teacher.
Mill Village.
Dentist.
Conneautvile.
Teacher.
[man.
Edinboro.
Mrs. W. A. SteadEdinboro.
Teacher.
Escanaba.
Bookkeeper.
Erie.
Principal of Schools.
Mill Village.
Contractor.
Pittsburg.
CLASS OF 1893,

Babcock, Jno. Ransom Youngsville.
Albion.
Brown, Bonnie
Platea.
Darnes, Hattie May

Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.

56

PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Bell, John J.
Waterford.
Colburn, Dora
Ellwood City.
Coulter, Clara M.
Crawford’s Corners.
Coulter, John W.
Crawford’s Corners.
Culbertson, Andrew A. Conemaugh.
Gilmore, L,oey Anna Westfield, N. Y.
Hickok, Grace Emma Hickernell.
Holmes, Louis J.
Garland.
McCammans, Chas. L. Payette, Idaho.
McLallen, James I.
Girard.
McMurrenn, Durant L. Corydon.
Metzenbacher, Wm.
Blooming Valley.
Metzenbacher, Estella Blooming Valley.
Miller, Arthur O.
Wattsburg.
Mickley, Alice S
Girard.
Reed, Mary E
West Millcreek.
ScrafEord, Grace Adda Edinboro.
Sibble, Ida May
North Clarendon.
Sibble, John Edwin
Sheffield.
Smith, Edward
Albion.
Stafford, Fred Perry Sanford, Conn.
Stowe, Edith M.
Wattsburg.
Taylor, Carlton J.
Meadville.
Walter, Madge V.
Union City.
Whitling, Howard
Bradford.

Principal of Schools..
Teacher.
Teacher.
Bookkeeper.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Fruit Grower.
Principal of Schools.
Principal of Schools.
Principal of Schools.
Teacher.
Principal of Schools.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Principal of Schools.
Teacher.
Teleg. &Telep. Oper.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.

CLASS OF 1894,

Allen, Edith A.
Wattsburg.
Amidon, Clemme V. Edinboro.
Benjamin, Edith A. C . Edinboro
Carmichael, Artemus Mt. Jewett.
Chambers, Gertrude Moorheads.
Clark, James R.
Apollo.
DeWitt, Myrtle I.
Springboro.
Eldridge, Bertha M.
East Springfield.
Eldridge, Chester D. East Springfield.
Emerson, Fred V.
Hamilton, N. Y.
Fee, Emma J.
Athens.
Grove, William E.
Kane.
Hawkins, Glenn
Edinboro.
Hays, Emery L.
Townville.
Humes, Gertrude A.
Woodcock.
Johnson, Nora D.
West Millcreek.
Lewis, Samuel R.
Findley’s Lake.

Teacher.
Mrs. John Reynolds.
Teacher.
Principal of Schools.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Clerk.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.

OB' THE T'WEEBTH DISTRICT.

I/loyd, Florence T.
Marsh, Richard
Meehan, Agnes
Most, Ida D.
McCarty, Charles J.
McCommons, Jas. A.
McCormick, Minnie F.
Nicholas, Fdith M.
Oiler, Fred D.
Osborne, Grant W.
Pratt, Mattie
Pulling, Emma
Reeder, Harry O.
Root, Claude E.
Rundell, Ada M.
Rupert, Eila
Scrafford, Mabel M.
Smith, Prank E.
Smith, John A.
Smith, Eucinda H.
Stancliff, David
Sutherland, John T.
Tabor, Franklin T.
Tate, Ida M.
Tate, Edwin A.
Turner. Eora A.
Wade, Charles T.
Wade, Eillian J.
Wait, J. Orin

Eatrobe.
Erie.
Wesleyville.
Edinboro.
Youngstown, O.
Meadville.
Tidioute.
Johnstown.
Petroleum Centre.
Erie.
Edinboro.
Corydon.
Edinboro.
Cambridge Springs.
Hayfield.
Kane.
Edinboro.
Eincolnville.
Pittsfield.
Eincolnville.
Edinboro.
Avonia.
Rundells.
West Millcreek.
Eowville.
Oberlin, O.
Edinboro.
Escanaba, Mich.
Meadville.

sr
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Clerk.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Mrs. D. E. McMurrenParmer.
Merchant.
Teacher.
Private Secretary.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Principal of Schools..
Student*
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.

CLASS OF 1895,

Troy Centre.
Altenburg, Burt E.
Allis, Harriet E.
Erie.
Ash, Minnie E.
Franklin Corners.
Beedy, Winton R.
Miller’s Station.
Bell, Anna Eaura
Cochranton.
Benjamin, Celia E.
Edinboro.
Bergstrom, Gertrude Mt. Jewett.
Black, Clara M.
Juva.
Burroughs, Ada
Miles Grove.
Bole, J. Edith
Venango.
Edinboro.
Cowen, Carl D.
Daley, Kate C.
Wesleyville.
Edinboro.
Doing, Eillian M.

Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Mrs. M. McEaughlin_
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.

:S8

PENNSYI
Drumm, Will M.
Dundon, Bert C.Eades, Byron C.
Frontz, Ida May
Garvey, Katherine G.
Gilmore, Wilse C.
Hanson, Alice
Henderson, Cora E.
Henry, Victor H.
Hewitt, Irvin A. '
Hickok> Bird A.
Holmes, Marie
Humes, Rosetta A.
Humes, Thera A.
-Jackson, Edith M.
Johnson, Ella M.
.Johnson. Minnie EKent, M. Marg-aret
Eeehan, Nora
Eeo, Margaret.
Maloney, Emma
Maloney, Gertrude
Maloney, Gladys
Mansfield, Alice C.
Most, Eouis H.
McBride, Ella
McCormick, Edith
McKay, John E.
Newkirk, Anna M.
Peck, Eeslie G.
Pendleton, Sara
Peffer, Emma J.
Pinckney, Bess E.
Quay, Maude C.
-Reno, Eoren M.
Eeib, Elizabeth
Shattuck, M. Gertrude
Sheldon, Morton R.
Sheldon, Nora L.
Spaulding, Mott G.
Swift, Dean E.
Timmons, John
'Torry, Archie B.
TFaterhouse, Tester
Wilson, Annie E.

Jamestown.
Edinboro.
North East.
Saegertown.
Jamestown.
Blooming Valley.
Edinboro.
Miles Grove.
Adamsville.
Albion.
Springboro.
Cherry Grove.
Woodcock.
Woodcock.
E. Hickory.
Brownsville.
Cherry Grove.
Verona.
Eavery.
Wayland.
Wayland.
Wayland.
Wayland.
Cambridge Springs.
Edinboro.
Crossingville.
Tidioute.
Venango.
Pleasantville.
Boscobel.
Cambridge Springs.
Girard.
Jamestown.
Cambridge Springs.
Edinboro.
Erie.
Erie.
Meadville.
Springboro.
Franklin Corners.
Edinboro.
Eavery.
Edinboro.
McKean.
Edinboro. •

Teacher.
Farmer.
Medical Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Ass’t Principal.
Mrs. Jas. Cozens.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Secretary.

S9

OF THE twelfth DISTRICT.

Wrig-ht, Charles J.
Wright, Clinton C.
Wymer, Alice M.

Cleveland, O.
Edinboro.
New Castle.

Medical Student.
Teacher.

CLASS OF 1896.
Armour, Chas.
Bishop, Myrtle
Bole, C. S.
Bole, Margaret
Boyd, Ruth Jessie
Bryant, Nellie
■Campbell, Pearl
Canon, C. G.
Clulow, W. H.
•Cole, Madge
Comstock, Abba
Connell, Joanna
Cutshall, Cora
Daley, Agnes
Rllsworth, Eber J.
Ellsworth, T. H.
Ewing, Eva
Ewing, Alice
■Gamble, Nannie
•Geer, Blanche
Hawkins, Chas. E.
Hunter, Alice
Kistler. Mary
Knowlton, Mabel
Eupher, Eottie A.
Euther, Sara Gertrude
Main, Mae
Mansfield, Carrie
Mather, J. J.
McClenahan, C. W.
McClenahan, Grace
McGibbon, Annette
McKenzie, Jennie
McKenzie, May
McEaughlin, Thos.
McNeill, Sara
Miller, Grace
Palmer, Edith
Pomeroy, Edith

Carlisle.
Titusville.
Venango.
Randolph.
Coon’s Corners.
Riceville.
Edinboro.
Steel ton.
Roulette.
Edinboro.
Mill Village.
Eavery.
Utica.
Franklin Corners.
Meadville.
Edinboro.
Townville.
Townville.
Adamsville.
Randolph.
Blooming Valley.
Jamestown.
Blain.
Edinboro.
Townville.
Pairview.
Pleasantville.
Cambridge Springs.
Springboro.
Greenfield.
Greenfield.
Canonsville, N. Y.
Cooperstown.
Cooperstown.
Crossing’ville.
Jamestown.
Edinboro.
Titusville.
Roulette.

Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.

60

PBNNSYI,VANIA STATE NORMAE SCHOOE

Reeder, L,.
Russell, Frances
Smith, Bertram
Snyder, Chas. P.
Stewart, Lizzie
Swag-er, Anna
Thickstun, Alice
'Thickstun, Kate
Thomas, Albert
Viger, Maud Saph.
Walrath, Frances
Whiteley, Cena

Fdinboro.
Belle Valley.
Youngs ville.
Utica.
Hadley.
New Castle.
Metuchen, N. J.
Crossingville.
Woodcock.
Rew.
Edinboro.
East Branch.

Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Teacher.
Student.
Teacher.
Teacher.