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FEATURES

Vol. 14 /No. 1
Sprins-Summer 2000

the happening place

6

by Susan Geise
Mentally challenged adults become homeowners

10

the healins touch
by Erika Landis

A holistic healer shares her knowledge
about the power of the

human touch

working around the

ciocic

12

by Elizabeth Smith
The mechanics of a clockmaker

and his unique timepieces

trading time

16

by MaryJayne Reibsome
Native American traditions are preserved
in the

Susquehanna Valley

ed-ventures:

framed by a career

28

by Victoria Rainis
The aesthetics of art framing

witch
by Eric

way to heaven?
J.

32

Hunt

Columbia County Wiccans discuss
their

misunderstood religion

the bade page

COVER
a

new

DeAnne

direction

Casteel, Brian

Horn, and "Grease " 2000
cast by

MaryJayne Reibsome

r-^

t^^

38

m^
Spectrum ^Magazine
VoL

Spring-Summer 2000

14, 5Vb. 1

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Walter M. Brasch

When

the Spectrum staff
plans each issue, it tries
to write articles that con-

tices.

"The Healing Touch"

MANAGING EDITOR
James Hivish

dis-

cusses how holistic methods and
physical therapy compares to tra-

vey a continuous theme. This
issue's teaching theme appeared

"Witch

during page layout after all the
stories were submitted.
The cover story, "A New
Direction" is about Bloomsburg
High School drama teacher
DeAnne Casteel, who directed her
final play April 1. The article contains photographs of plays and
comments from students she
taught during her 25-year career.

procedures.

SENIOR EDITOR
MaryJayne Reibsome

Heaven" dispels

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

medical

ditional

Way

to

Eric Hunt
Vickey Rainis
Elizabeth Smith

inaccurate folklore affiliated with
witchcraft. Local Wiccans explain
the foundation of Wicca and point
out the similarities between it and
other religions.

COPY EDITORS
Erika Landis
Bill

More lessons can be learned
from the Ramseys, who are Native
Americans from Northumberland.
Dana operates a trading post where
she buys, sells, and trades goods,
while her husband, David, teaches craftsmanship that was used

Another story tells why someone
with a teaching degree chose to
become an artframer. He shares
some of the techniques he uses to
enhance artwork.

Nancy Vought
ADVERTISING / BUSINESS
OPERATIONS DIRECTOR
Jennifer

other stories separate fact
from fiction concerning an alternative religion and medical prac-

Neumer

PROMOTION / CIRCULATION

during the colonial era.
If you are a new Spectrum
reader, take a look at last issue's
cover
story
"Capturing
the
Thunder" on the web.
~ Spectrum staff

Two

Shoemaker

ART DIRECTOR /
PRODUCTION MANAGER

DIRECTOR
Christine Poudrette

PROMOTION / CIRCULATION
SPECIALISTS
Katy Handschuh

James Monos
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ELCOME
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wmsm
\^n

the side door of 419 Main
Street in Watsontown is a wooden
plaque that reads, "The Happening
Place." The title is most appropriate
because the owners of the large
double house are three young adults
with mental challenges who are on

the cutting edge of the Self-Determination Project in Northumberland
County.
The Self-Determination Project is
part of a national movement to give
people with mental challenges control over their lives. The guiding
principle of self-determination is
that everyone has the right to choose
how and where they live their lives

and with whom.
The owners of The Happening
Place Max Allen, Sherri Cole, and
Mark Reeves have chosen to live
with each other in Watsontown, close
to their families. Max, 30, a slightly
built young man with brown hair,
glasses, and a twinkle in his eye, is
the sports fan of the trio, even
though cerebral palsy limits his ath-

—

—

letic abilities.

His favorite sport

is

wrestling.

Mark, 32, also with brown hair
but heavier than Max, is more reserved and has an ear for music.
He has a collection of musicals
stashed in his room for entertainment and also enjoys bowling and
eating. Like many young adults
who move out on their own, Mark
has added a few pounds.

Perhaps he just enjoys Sherri's
baking, but he and Sherri can probably blame their tendency to gain
weight, one of the characteristics of

Downs Syndrome. Sherri, 31, is an
outgoing woman with short dark
brown hair who loves to swim. She
assumes the role of housemother,
making sure their lunch boxes are

or putting clips on plastic hangers.

These jobs provide some income and
a chance to learn marketable skills
that one day may enable them to get
a job in the community.

Mark

newspaper
week and files
books at the library in Northumberland and Watsontown. He
also

stuffs

inserts every other

especially enjoys the library jobs, but

'We were

all

they don't help to pay the bills.
Like many of their co-workers.
Max, Mark, and Sherri are supported by Northumberland County
Mental Health/Mental Retardation
(MH/MR) services. However, they
are the only homeowners. Traditional arrangements for people with
mental challenges include living
with their families, living in a group

surprised

they didn't want to

come back home
at the

—

and
amount of

independence

home or living in an institution. MH/

they have achieved'

MR

pays

for

any community-based

services for people living with their

MH/MR

supplied with

home baked

goodies.

Bonnie Garceau said her daughter,
Sherri, always helped her prepare
meals at their home, but she was
surprised that she was capable of
preparing food by herself.
While the three own the house,
they aren't completely independent.

They work

full-time at

SUNCOM,

a

vocational rehabilitation facility in
Northumberland. Sherri works in
the cafeteria, while Max and Mark

work on the assembly

line doing

various jobs like labeling, packaging,

families or in a group home.
also pays the cost of living at a group
home. The state pays the bill at
institutions.

With self-determination "We can
be creative," says Judy Davis,

Northumberland County

MH/MR

administrator. "Traditional services

would be recommended by the
county and state versus self-determination where the individual and
his/her family have the opportunity
to design and create their services."

Mark, Max, Sherri, and their famidecided they wanted a more

lies

Spectrum

permanent arrangement than placement in a group home; they wanted
the young people to have their own
home. Ann Reeves, Mark's mother,
introduced the plan to Northumberland County MH/MR, which
supported the idea. That began a
year of financial planning to incorporate the proposal in the MH/MR
budget. The agreement called for the
young people to take care of their
own rent, food, and living expenses
with money they earned at their jobs
and received through Social Security

Supplemental Support Income

MH/MR would provide the
support staff. This was a significant
savings for MH/MR.
(SSI).

employees who would be in their
home. In a traditional group home,

has had a few disagreements, but

agencies didn't know how to respond
such a novel idea.
Perhaps some of the confusion
stemmed from the concept of parents
or friends being advocates, not
guardians. Sherri's parents, Greg
and Bonnie Garceau, have the power
of attorney in order to help her with
legal matters she may not understand, but they were careful not to
assume guardianship, which would
require them to declare her incompetent. Self-determination does not
mean total independence, but rather
the right to make choices and be
supported in those choices as long
as they are legal and cause no harm.
In order for the house to belong to

most part they work well
together and their personalities and

Max, Mark, and Sherri, the parents
wanted the home to be purchased

complement each other.
were all surprised they didn't want to come back
home and at the amount of independence they have achieved,"
Bonnie said.
The next step was for the trio to
buy the house, which proved to be
considerably more difficult than

with funds from their children's own
resources. Bonnie Garceau wrote a
proposal for a Pennsylvania SelfDetermination Housing Grant, and
The Happening Place became one of
11 demonstration projects.
However, working out the details
of the sale proved to be complicated. At one point, even the grant

negotiating with MH/MR. People in
the private sector as well as officials
in local and state government

reinstated. The parents were persistent and by February 1999, the

residents aren't involved in hiring
staff.

After a few months, Mark's parents asked how he liked his new
home and he replied, "It's a real happening place." The families felt that
his description was so appropriate
that 419 Main Street has been caUed
The Happening Place ever since.
The parents saw their adult chil-

dren becoming more independent
and competent as they adjusted to
life in their own home and they
enjoyed

new

routines,

activities,

new

family

and relationships. The trio

to

Mark Reeves vacuums
the kitchen floor, while
Max Allen and Sherri Cole

wash dishes

in their

home.

photos by Susan Geise

The families

home

ii5cided to rent a

and how the idea
would work. They located a large
double house in Watsontown within
to see if

walking distance of a grocery

store,

church, and other amenities. Mark,
Max, and Sherri moved into one side
of the house in May of 1995.

Keystone Residential Services
contracted with MH/MR to provide
support staff when the young people
were home, but in this case Mark,
Max, Sherri, and their parents were
involved in choosing the Keystone

Spring-Summer 2000

for the

abilities

"We

[the parents]

—

money was withdrawn and then

house belonged to Mark, Max,
and Sherri.
They celebrated with an open
house that month that attracted a
steady stream of visitors all afternoon, including neighbors, friends,
and people from various agencies

who have worked with Mark, Max,
and Sherri. Other professionals
curious about this new venture and
other families with children who
might try a similar arrangement
also toured the home.
Mark, who usually prefers to
retreat to his room to watch videos
rather than socialize, stood at the
door, introduced himself, and shook
the hand of everyone who entered.
Max, who has difficulty climbing the

numerous
down the steps
to show off his room. Sherri, who
always enjoys socializing, was in her
stairs, participated in

tours going up and

element.

"The Happening Place is something people have dreamed of," says
Davis. "It can happen for other
people,
it.

It's

work

at

the direction the system

is

if

they're willing to

going."

Now that they own the house,

the
young people and their parents are

talking about some renovation
projects. Their first priorty is to be

from the state's requirement to
be licensed as a group home.
The licensing procedure covers
many safety issues from handrails
to lock boxes for medications and the
temperature for hot water. The famifree

were successful in fighting the
regulation that would have required
a handrail at the step down to
Sherri's bedroom. But other nuisance regulations are still in place,
including a requirement to keep
all cleaning supplies in a locked
cabinet.
"Some people need them [safety
measures] and some people don't,"
says Bonnie Garceau, who's looking
forward to the day when the
homeowners can make their own
safety rules. "When we're no longer
licensed, I'll be turning cartwheels."
Judging by their track record so
far. Max, Mark, and Sherri, with the
support of their parents, will continue to win battles in the struggle
for self-determination. The care and
concern the young people show to
each other and the way each of them
has matured in their new home is a
lies

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Spring 2000

The

an impersonal world, human
contact may be the key to well-being
In

hy Erika Landis

e've
^Jr eve

that

we

all

had those moments

can't really explain, like the

you just know someone
watching you. Sometimes, when
you enter a room full of unhappy
people, you can almost touch the
tension. If you ask holistic healer
Debbie Traugh for an explanation,
she'll tell you that energy is everywhere, and that we all have the ability to harness this energy if we are
only aware of our own capabilities.
Traugh has owned The Centre for
Health and Wellness, Bloomsburg,
feeling that
is

since 1993. It provides a number of
non-traditional healing modalities,

including imagery, reflexology, yoga,
massage, and therapeutic touch.

you know Debbie Traugh,
exchanged a quick chat with her
If

over the phone, or even just watched
her pass by, then you've experienced
her magnetism. She is receptive to
strangers, almost childlike in her

optimism and faith. Traugh,

48,

has

made a positive attitude her philosophy, lifestyle, and career.
The Centre, says Traugh, is the
middle ground between a spa and a
doctor's office.

Unlike spas, which

provide manicures, facials, and haircuts in addition to massage therapy,
holistic health centers promote the

use of unconventional methods to
combat stress and to provide a
healthier lifestyle.
Imagery, creating a tranquil visualization in the mind, helps to

10

relax the nerves and quicken the
body's healing processes, Traugh
says. You imagine strolling barefoot
on a warm beach as a beautiful
melody rises hauntingly over the
crashing waves, but you have not left

Bloomsburg, and Debbie Traugh has
been the narrator of your adventure.
Yoga not only enhances flexibility, muscle tone, and circulation but,
like imagery, it also teaches the
mind to cope with daily stresses.
Reflexology is based on the ancient
Oriental belief that energy is channeled along specific routes in the
body that converge at the hands and
Stimulating these areas causes
the body to relax, increases circulation, and sends a message to the distressed parts of the body, helping
them to heal faster, Traugh says.
While massage is a hands-on
manipulation of the soft tissue,
therapeutic touch works with the
energy above the body. In ancient
cultures, this energy field was the
Hindu "pran," the Chinese "qi," and
the ancient Egyptian "ka." Developed in the early 1970's by Dolores
Kreiger, professor of nursing at New
York University, therapeutic touch
can alter a person's perception of
pain through nurturing and compassion. Therapists can manipulate this
"bad energy" and disperse it from
the focal point of tension.
Holistic healers first center their
own energy as they calm and collect
feet.

Next, they assess the
hands a
few inches above the body. Our
hands, according to Traugh, contain
highly sensitive "chakras," or wheels
of energy that act as sensors.
Traugh, once she locates the source
of tension, sweeps her hands over
the patient's body to smooth out the
energy field. Then she transmits her

themselves.

situation by passing their

own positive energy from her hands
areas of congestion until she
senses that healing has occurred.
Formerly a registered nurse in
critical care shock trauma, Traugh
hopes to work with physicians to
to the

combine traditional methods with
holistic health techniques.

"Using

complementary modalities in addition to traditional medical treatments is an up-and-coming thing,"

and she quickly points
society

we

is

becoming

out, "our

so high-tech that

are separating from each other

and there is a need for touch."
Although modern society may be
disassociating from human contact,
the medical field has a right to be
hesitant to incorporate these methods into their practices, Claudia
Jordan, M.D., says. "I don't think
they can do very much in and of
themselves. It's hogwash that you

can extract bad energy by waving
your hands." The medical field is

founded upon science, Jordan
explains. Because there

mentation

to

is no docuprove that therapeutic

Spectrum

touch and reflexology are actually
effective, she views these healing
techniques only as methods for relaxation and stress reduction.
"People need hope," Jordan says.
"Holistic healing has
for

been around

many

centuries. It is a comforting thing, a psychodynamic belief,

By thinking

like prayer.

you can choose

positively

to lead a healthier

emotional stresses, Uke having a

dif-

making decisions.
Others have had cancer. They
come from Bloomsburg and its surficulty

rounding areas, including Elysburg,
Benton, and Danville, to find the
healing touch.

Joan Shaw, a retired

tion counselor, has sought help from
the Centre for over four years. "Your
attitude is very important in heal-

After undergoing therapeutic massage, Shaw
found that she was taking sub-

Jordan says,

stantially less pain-killers following

is

"a

waste of their

ing," she explains.

money."

around."

Many

hospitals,

especially in Canada, now
provide holistic health clinics to complement traditional medical techniques.
Traugh explains that the
medical profession doesn't
"always look for the cause of
why a person is having problems in the first place." She

'Our society is becoming
so high-tech that we are
separating from each
other and there is a need
for touch.'
^^^—

my work can help you
that exploration, whereas if
you give them a pill you kind of shut
the body down and tell it to be quiet.
For awhile they're flying high, but
says, "a lot of

make

when

they

everji;hing's

She's

fall

still

back

down,

there."

had to cope with many skep-

along the way. "My old boss from
the ICU said to me: 'Are you still
doing that weird stuff?' This was 17
years ago and people really thought
I was going off the deep end, waving
my hands over the patients. I said,
'I know, but I'm a patient weirdo. I'm
out there getting all my credentials
in order so when everybody else is a
weirdo I'll be the top one and everytics

body will call me!'
About four-fifths of the clientele
at the Health and Wellness Centre
are people with illnesses who found
little relief in traditional medica-

come for
Most are in their
mid-30s to mid-60s. Many of
Traugh's clients have chronic pain,
arthritis, or problems following a
surgery.
Some have general
tions; the other one-fifth

stress reduction.

Spring-Summer 2000

with nice people, making my own
my own schedule," she says.
Traugh hopes to work in a hospital setting, keeping her business
part-time. Presently, she teaches
therapeutic touch and dimensions in
health and wellness at Lycoming
College, Williamsport. Last November, Sen. Vincent J. Fumo proposed
SB 1220 to the Senate Consumer

^^

may have^

Physicians

mixed reviews about the
practice but, Traugh says,
they're beginning "to come

Now she has
a job she loves. "It's enjoyable, listening to relaxing music and being
well as Pennsylvania.

pace,

rehabilita-

but it should never be considered an alternative to conventional medicines and surgery. The
only real harming effect on patients,
lifestyle,

courses. She's also been to massage
schools in California, Wisconsin, as

surgery. She

an avid supporter of
measures. "It is
fairly clear that there are energy
fields around the body," she says,
noting, "we can't fully explain what
is

holistic healing

it is;

that doesn't

mean

it

doesn't

Shaw recommends Traugh's
services to anyone who wants to try
exist."

alternative healing methods as

an
adjunct to medical treatment,
whether they're struggling with a
disease or simply looking for relaxation techniques.

Like

many

of her clients,

Traugh was introduced
therapeutic touch

to

when she

became

ill and no other
treatment could bring re-

Worn

out physically
and emotionally, she says
she found comfort only in
lief

Protection and

ners,

massage

therapists,

and

reflexologists to take 650
hours of training before
they can obtain or renew
their licenses. Traugh expects the bill to be passed
within the next two years. She

wants to provide programs and
educational classes where stu^^~ dents can earn continuing
credits that would count
toward their national certification.

Susan Webster, physical therapist
Susquehanna Physical Therapy

for

Associates, agrees that education
and credentials are the most important aspects of any field, including
holistic healing. "I've

met some very

competent reflexologists who are ex-

what they do," she says.
only advice would be to check

cellent at

"My

out their background, their educaIt's the same with any profes-

tion.

you want to make sure you're
getting a trained individual."

sion;

Whether a

skeptic or a believer, no
one can argue that Traugh isn't
passionate about holistic healing.

Spirituality is

— more
'

than

universal
religion, she

To her, it is
bigger than the
world,bigger than

says.

spirituality. Afterwards,

she took a two credit
course in therapeutic
touch at Penn State
and pursued her interests with five other

Professional

Licensure Committee. It will
require all somatic practitio-

;

'-'

everything. jQ

independent study
11

^
^

%


^"^

A Former Nuclear Engineer Becomes a
toy train speeds around a
sand sifts through an hourglass, and the clatter of falling dominoes are all sounds that tell the time
for clockmaker Rick Stanley.
The former power production
engineer has always been intrigued
by anjrthing mechanical. "As a child,

Creative Designer
time-consuming," says Stanley. If
the clocks were ever to be sold, the
cost would be in the thousands, he
points out. Currently, he is constructing much simpler wall clocks

,

track,

I

by Elizabeth

H. Smith;

to sell.

Stanley uses his inventions to

I

show the actual movement of time.
"I wanted to design a three-dimen-

took apart everything imaginable,

sional clock that could be
appreciated from all sides, read in
many ways, and be totally unlike a
normal, flat-faced clock," he says.
His first design was the train
clock, made in the shape of an old
steam locomotive. This clock counts
the hours as a tiny locomotive
pulling a coal bin and a caboose
drives around the tracks. Stanley
installed a binary code in the clock
that programs the toy train to

from music boxes to old clocks, just
about anything with wires, gears, or

As a teenwas building

a motor," Stanley says.
ager, his first project

CS

an electric motorcycle. "It took me
a few years to complete, but when
finished, it could travel up to 40

o.

«/>

miles per hour."
Stanley, 47, of Millville, has
been making clocks for 15
years.

He began by working on

old mechanical clocks and
studying gear ratios. Today, he
uses a milling machine and a
metal lathe to produce his own
gears. He also does clock
repairs, but focuses on inventing, designing, and building.
"Every clock takes a lot of ideas,
planning, and research," he
says. "I usually build a prototype for each clock as a way of
experimenting and testing
before the final clock is made."
Stanley grew up in the San Francisco Bay area and studied mechanical engineering at the University of
California at Davis.

He and his wife,

Mary, moved to Millville in 1977. He
worked briefly for Bechtel at the

Susquehanna Power

In 1998, he retired from PP&L to
pursue his dream to make clocks.
He spent only an hour or two a day
after work on the clocks, "but by
devoting more time to them, I

thought

I

might make

some

under
construction at the time, and then
for PP&L. Mary opened a stained
glass business. The Glass Unicorn.
Five years later she started
Greensleeves, her current dried

progress." Stanley says he now
spends an average of 15-20 hours a
week on the clocks and each one
takes about five to nine months to
build. "After the prototype is built,

flower business.

but they are

12

Plant,

it's

easier to construct others like
still

it,

expensive and

Spectrum

The hourglass

clock uses a tradi-

tional hourglass timepiece.

An elec-

eye triggers a carved hand to flip
the hourglass when it senses that
the sand has run through. The difficulty in building this clock was
measuring out exactly an hour's
worth of sand.
tric

once at

"Accuracy and

and

precision are very

1 o'clock, twice at
so on. Another, the
fluid clock, uses clear, thick, synthetic oil in a multi-chambered cylinder to tell time. The fluid in the
roller drains slowly
through each section of
the sphere, causing it to

circle

2 o'clock,

roll

back and forth and

important," says
Stanley. "Even if it
may only be off by
about 30 seconds,
by the end of the
day, you have lost
12 minutes, and by the end of
the week, you have lost almost an hour and a half."
Stanley was not satisfied
with the clocks only making

count off the hours.
Stanley says watching the fluid
clock is relaxing, but building it was
not. "All of the clocks have been
problematic in their own wonderfully unique ways," he says, noting that it was difficult to find a
liquid with a constant viscosity
that would keep the sphere at a
steady rate. As temperature
changes, so does the draining
speed of the fluid. Stanley
added a circuit to recalibrate the roller every hour to
make up for lost or gained time.

Spring-Summer 2000

hourly movements. He decided to
invent a clock to show time moving

with each passing minute. The
golfer clock features two carved figures a golfer and a man holding a
flag at the green. Every minute, the

—

golfer putts a ball into the hole.
After the golfer sinks 60 shots, the

on the flag changes and
an auger moves the next 60 balls up
digital clock

a

ramp

to the golfer.

In professional clock making, the

workings and gears of most clocks
are concealed.
I

"When I build clocks,

like to leave the

so people can see

workings exposed

what actually hap-

pens inside," he says. Currently he
is working on two golfer clocks that
are shaped like tables with legs made
to look like putters

and

golf tees.

Another clock using

golf balls is

made of all kinds of gadgets,
and

objects found

gizmos,

around his home.

This metal maze, made up of hundreds of feet of copper tubing,
resembles a large marble run. A golf
ball is first lifted to the top of the
clock by a pulley. It is released and
kicked forward by an old-fashioned
shoe form. The ball twists and turns
down the ramp and moves a pointing hand ahead a minute.
His newest clock is the domino
clock, a table-shaped clock that uses
an electromagnetic force and a solenoid to upright the dominoes in a
consecutive line as each minute
passes. There are 59 dominoes
arranged in an S-shape on the table
and marked to read each minute of
the hour.
When all the dominoes are up,
another solenoid triggers a carved
pointing hand to poke the first in
line, creating a chain reaction. The

domino to fall strikes a lever and
moves the clock forward an hour.
Stanley wants to try another version

last

of this clock that includes mirrors

under the table or a clear tabletop.
"It would allow people to see the
solenoids that actually trigger the
clock,"

he says.

'ox-

His next idea is an outdoor fountain clock that uses water to tell
time. "I want the clock to be 'Dr.
Suess-like,' with weird angles and
water flowing in directions that
seem impossible," he says gleefully.
His other projects include eight
wall clocks. By making them smaller
and more affordable, he hopes that
they can be mass-produced and sold
at craft shows. These clocks have a
swinging pendulum, similar to the
common regulator clock, a very precise clock once used by clockmakers
to set other clocks.
Like his inventions, Stanley's
clock-like mind never stops. When
he finishes a clock, he already has
10 more in progress. In addition to
making clocks, Stanley spends a lot
of time helping his wife on projects
for her dried flowers business. They
recently built a greenhouse, a new
workshop for her business, and
expanded the gardens. He also
spends a lot of time involved in
activities with his four children.
Stanley is optimistic that his
clockmaking business will become
profitable. His biggest dream, he
says, is to have a section in a
museum where his clocks could be

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Spectrum

Legacy Society Member
William H. Selden

Jr.

'43

HAS EXPRESSED HIS CONFIDENCE IN THE WORK OF BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY
WITH A CHARITABLE REMAINDER UNITRUST.

Are you feeling a warm spot

Would you
If

like to participate

your response

is

YES

in your heart for Bloomsburg?
today in building Bloomsburg s tomorrow?

to either of these questions,

we can

help you achieve your

personal objectives for the future while providing for generations of Bloomsburg students.
Charitable Remainder Unitrusts provide income for the lifetime of one or
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one or more

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When

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(Primary factors that determine the charitable deduction and the first-year and subsequent years' income include: the age of the
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PRINCIPLE

at

age 72

the cost

^

SI!

r

Story and phdtof by Maryjayne Reibsome
Art by David Ramsey
v) osh Ramsey,

17, a Native American from Northumberland, knows
the stigma that goes with his heritage. "Sometimes kids call me 'chief
and make the war cry behind my

back, or

make fun

of

my long

hair,"

Josh says, adding, "but the worst is
being called 'hippie.'" It is this
stereo-typing and misconception of
Native Americans that drive Josh's
parents, Dana and David Ramsey,
to keep the past alive and educate
the public through The Freedom
Learning Center and Ladyhawk's
Primitive Creations Trading Post in
Northumberland. "People's concepts
are so biased by Hollywood," Dana

Ramsey

says. "Stereotypes ruin the

persona of Native Americans. All
nations are different and the Eastern and Western tribes are totally
different people," she points out.
David Ramsey agrees, noting that
the wooden Indian statue in front of

the Tulpehocken Spring Water
Company on Route 11 is a perfect
example.
"Tulpehocken means 'place of the

16

Lenape tribe who
were Eastern Indians," David
explains, adding, "the wood carving
at the Tulpehocken company depicts
turtle clan' of the

a Western Native."
Through the Freedom Learning
Center the Ramseys teach history,
art, and living skills; through the
trading post, people can buy or trade
for the tools and supplies they need.
The businesses, on Route 1 1 between
Viking Motors and the El Rancho
Restaurant, are "one of the best kept
in secrets in Point township," David
Ramsey says, adding, "look for the
teepee in the yard." The trading post
offers items people used in their
daily lives during the colonial era.
Buffalo meat, tinware, colorful blankets, and trade teas in block form
are some of the goods for sale or
trade. Dana, 35, whose Blackfoot
name is "Ladyhawk," says she was
raised in both the Blackfoot and German traditions and that the trading
post represents both sides of her life.
The idea for the trading post came
in 1995 after Dana and her husband

attended a historical re-enactment.
"We had to walk about two miles
to get there," she recalls. "First, you
could smell the smoke and see the
fires. Then you could hear the music,"

Dana

adds, noting, "the

camp was

two to three miles long and everyone was dressed in period costumes.
It

was like being in a time capsule."
However, the Ramseys soon real-

ized that to be part of re-enactments,
they needed authentic tools and sup-

Because there was nowhere for
them and their friends to purchase
what they needed, they created the
plies.

trading post. Like the trading posts
of old, the Ramseys have no set
hours and will open the shop for customers if they are at home.
"I don't want modern commercialism in the trading post," Dana says.
"My vision is to have a trading post
like those during the period when

Native Americans and European
immigrants came together to buy
supplies and handcrafted items created by local crafts people." The
items in the trading post are hand-

Spectrum

the top. She gets special requests,
from parents of small children suf-

bad dreams or "night tercatchers. She
recalls having a dream where she
created dream catchers and learned
how they worked. "The Creator gave
me this gift to share, and I give strict
instructions to parents on how they
fering from

make dream

rors," to

are to be handled," she says, explaining,

"my

state of

of thought.

mind must be pure

Only good thoughts can

be woven into the dream catcher to
protect the child as he or she sleeps."
Dana designs the dream catchers
with beads in the child's favorite
color.

Dana also makes an
herbal salve from natural
ingredients. David gave it
to a woman for a scar she
received from brain surgery that wasn't healing.
The woman later looked
up Dana to thank her.
"I've had herbalists try to
copy the recipe," Dana
says, adding, "but if
you're

making

it

purely

you can't capture the magic of the
salve. I wake up sometimes and think, 'it's a
good day to make salve,'
could be months before I feel
for profit

makes

and

Indian drums, medicine

that

shields, and spiritsticks.
Redware, spongeware, and
Indian pottery are also for

In keeping with the old customs,
the Ramseys also trade for goods at
the trading post. "We trade like for

carves leather belts,

sale. "I

made

replicas of the 1600s, 1700s,

and 1800s, she says.
The Ramseys preserve the tradition by offering hand-made wares by
local artisans including

wooden

glass lanterns, colonial handpunched tinware, decorative bags,
colonial music, and historical book-

Dana handcrafts

necklaces of
bead and bone and period clothing,
and displays her hand-beaded wedding dress on the wall in the trading post. She sewed all 38,004 beads
lets.

by hand. "People wondered how
many beads there were, so I sat
down with a calculator, tablet, and
a stick pin and counted every one,"
she says, noting, it took her eight
hours to count them all. David hand

Spring-Summer 2000

keep prices below

what most places charge because
want people to enjoy the past without breaking them financially."
I

Dana

says. But, keeping low prices
frustrating because "people think
the goods are inferior and would
is

rather pay two to three times the

amount elsewhere for the same
Dana says, throwing up her

items,"

hands.
Special requests for hard-to-find
items is common at the trading post

and the Ramseys have no problem
locating items for customers.

Once

a

"kokopelli"

customer wanted a
gift,

something decorated

it

way

like,"

again."

Dana says, noting, "for example,

if you

have something to trade worth
$15 we will trade for an item worth
the same." The only difference from
the past is that today you have to
pay taxes.
The Ramseys swap handcrafted
items to get the buffalo meat they
sell, and once traded with a local
plumber his labor in exchange for
classes for his son at the Freedom
Learning Center.
"I see the Freedom Learning Center as an extension of education in a
Native American form," David

—

Ramsey

says, pointing out, "I tailor

what the student desires
whether it's history, living

classes to

with the Hopi design of a flute
player, so Dana made wooden trin-

to learn,

ket boxes with the design burnt into

skills,

drawing, or tool making."

17

audience from the past into
the present because I
believe the secrets to our
future lie hidden in our
past."

Some

of the skills offered

at the center include tan-

ning animal hides, carving
on leather and wood, drawing, painting,

and

sculpt-

ing. "I try to find interests

that bring out the creativ-

David says.
"The courses are designed
to mean something about
who you are or what you are
ity in people,"

trying to say."

Dana Ramsey gives demonstrations in hearth cooking, colonial stenciling,
bead working in both the
Eastern and Western

style,

and making authentic
period clothing.
Every year the Ramseys
and their six children

Brent Floyd,

11;

James

the tomahawk-throwing contest is
his favorite. They catch up on
friends' lives, learn new skills, and
get tools needed to become more
accurate in their classes. For them
it's a time to re-energize, get away
from the "rat race and the telephones," and to let the past come
alive. They carry on the trading
tradition at Rendezvous by
spreading out a "trade blanket"
and displaying their wares to sell
or trade with fellow re-enactors.
The Ramseys also visit the Landis

Valley German Settlement to
learn more about German, Pennsylvania Dutch, and Amish cultures.

The Ramseys

also participate in

re-enactments at Riverfest along
the Susquehanna River, Sunbury,
and it was there in 1993, that
Dana walked into a teepee and
met David for the first time. Their

mutual interest

in their heritages

led to marriage

and

finally to the

opening of their trading post and

Dreese, 14; Jesse Ramsey,
13; Jeb Ramsey, 14; Joe
Ramsey, 14; and Josh
Ramsey, 17

—

travel to a differ-

ent part of the

country where
they participate
in the Eastern

David, 40, a Northumberland

whose Mohawk name is
Ohkwari-Tahontsi, graduated
from WiUiamsport Area Community College in 1979 with an assonative,

ciate degree in advertising. In

1986, after working as

an arts and

crafts instructor at the North-

umberland County Prison, he
erected a teepee in his front yard.
says, stimulated interest in the area and he
soon found himself lecturing to
grade school students. Since then
he has lectured at many universi-

The teepee, David

ties,

organizations, and grade

schools about Native

American

history.

"The lectures are a balanced
approach to American history from
both sides," he says. "I bring the
18

Primitive Rendezvous, sponsored by the National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association. There, they step back in
time to live as their ancestors did
during the fur-trading era. For two
weeks each year, the Ramsey family, along with 3,000 others, live in
an encampment in teepees and
tents and use tools and living skills
of a long forgotten heritage. There
are no modern conveniences like
plumbing and electricity. "We cook
in fire pits with cast iron kettles
and pots, sleep in a teepee on blan-

and live in a time when
things were slower and there was
kets,

more time for family," Dana says.
"They worked hard back then but,
they also played hard too."
Participating at Rendezvous is
more than just "play" for the
Ramseys, although Jimmy says

Spectrum

learning center in 1997.
Keeping the trading post

and the learning center
open

is

a second

full

time

job for the Ramseys. Dana's

a legal secretary at the law
firm of Davis, Davis, and
Kaar, in Milton; David
at Mohawk Flush
Doors, in Northumberland.
"I'm the only 'Mohawk at
Mohawk," David jokes.
Both Ramseys try to juggle

works

their schedules around
their children's activities
and sometime find it frustrating.

from a misunderstanding of

"Sometimes, the children feel
neglected because they want to do
things, but we're already committed through the learning center,"
Dana, says, "but, when things

tural

they love the excitement. It
affects us all."
Not everyone understands the
Ramseys' dedication for the "old
wavs," and Dana believes it comes
'click'

and

cul-

religious beliefs.

"People call Indians 'heathens'

because of their religion," Dana
says. "I believe there is one Creator and that he comes to people
in a form that they can believe and
understand, no matter what the
religion."

The Ramseys believe that bringing the past into the present

is

important so people know
where they came from.
They and three of their
children live in a house
built in 1846 that was
used as a boarding house
for the canal workers and
they appreciate what the
past has to offer. Dana
often cooks entire meals
on an open hearth in her
dining room, using authentic recipes and cooking
utensils. "With all the
modern technology today,
if we suddenly lose all that, will
people have the survival skills our
ancestors had?" Dana Ramsey
wonders. "By keeping the past
alive we can retain some basic
skills."

Josh, a junior at Shikellamy
is looking forward to
experiencing his "vision quest"
when he turns 18. A vision quest
is a tradition among all Native
American cultures, although each
culture has its own name for the

High School,

quest.

"A young man goes into the
woods and fasts for four days,
stands in a circle and has visions
of the past, present, and future
and relates them to his life," Josh
explains. "Animals come around
you and you see many things," he
says, adding, "you must train for
it for months
it's dangerous

—

because you're exposed to the elements and you wear yourself out
during your fast." It is during this
time that Josh says he will choose
a Mohawk name that will be his
for the rest of his life. If Josh lived
in the past, he'd have taken his
vision quest when he was 12 or 13,
but current child laws require he
must wait until he is a legal adult.
In a fast-paced world of modernization,

it's

nice to have a place to

step back in time

and experience

the ways of our ancestors, instead
of just reading about them.

Spring-Summer 2000

a major part of my life
and it's just going to stop.'
"DeAnne Casteel

^This

is

stream down her face as
Tears
she watches the final curtain
fall.

After 25 years,

DeAnne

Casteel, 46, performs her last
drama director at Blooms-

role as

burg High School. Applause and a

complete with black and white
checkered flooring, a juke box, and
a chrome counter, was the hoppin'
place for a dinner for the returning
cast of "Grease" 1984 and the cast
of "Grease" 2000. In the auditorium,
alumni from the more than 40 shows
Casteel directed in 25 years gathered to update lives and exchange

standing ovation show appreciation
done by the cast of
"Grease" 2000 on this April 1st closing night performance.
Earlier in the day, a matinee performance of "Grease" kicked off a cel-

is

ebration reuniting Bloomsburg High
School drama alumni from a quarter of a century. More than 300

from

for a job well

former drama students and their
families packed the house to pay
tribute to a drama program that
touched the lives of an entire community. More than 4,100 people saw
Casteel's final production during its
seven performance run. The cafeteria, transformed into a '50s diner.

memories.
"This is the final closure," Casteel
said at the time, "This is for real; this

a major part of my life and it's just
going to stop." Weeks before the play,

more than 600

BHS drama

alumni

over the world, including
the U.S., Russia, Spain, Germany,
and The Netherlands, had sent
e-mails and letters of congratulations and thanks. A humbling tribute to a woman, who in 1975 was a
fresh-faced college kid looking for

her

all

first job.

Casteel graduated from Slippery

Rock University in 1975 with a B.S.
in Education. "The whole thing came
together in my junior year of college,
when I took directing," Casteel says,
adding, "that control, that creativity
my personality came out."

—

By graduation she had learned
about lighting, sound, stage management, and directing.
"We were looking for someone in
communications with a theater
background, not so much as an actor, but as in talent and technical,"
says Dr. Alex Dubil, principal from
1975 to 1980, and district superintendent from 1981 to 1999. "It
turned out that she also had a talent motivating kids," he says.
Casteel was given the
director"

title

"play

which was just below chess

club advisor in the school's extra

She earned $50
doing "M*A*S*H," her first show, for
which she bought the material and
sewed the costumes herself. "She
has an incredible way of seeing your
curricular hierarchy.

and making you believe in
Kimberly Glass, of
Berwick, who had a part in
"M*A*S*H." Glass is now a public
speaking teacher at Berwick High

potential

yourself," says

School; like her mentor, she is also
a drama director.
With no budget, Casteel charged
the students monthly drama club
dues to cover royalty fees. She went
to the school board and said, "Look,
I'm asking kids to fork out their own
personal money for a school-wide extra curricular activity," she recalls,
then pointed out, "there's something

wrong here. Athletes don't have to
pay to play football." The Board
agreed.

John Klusman, principal from 1980
to 1996, says Casteel motivated

40

percent of the student body, "not just
in acting, but in band and all aspects
of production." But, Klusman adds,
"she was a principal's worst nightmare. Many times she would have to
be reined in, controlled; she would
have had a Broadway production if
allowed."

Casteel agrees

—"I'm so global in

my thinking—planning shows takes

—

years in advance when someone
says 'you can't do it that way,' that's
a challenge to me to make things
happen.

Casteel graduated from Bloomsburg University in 1980 with an
M.Ed, in speech and theater. That
same year, the Bucks County Playhouse Festival named her best
director for "The Crucible." In 1992,
it

named Bloomsburg High's produc-

tion of
musical.
"I

"A Chorus Line" the best

drama program, Casteel says, came
1984 with the production of
"Grease." The star quarterback,
baseball players, and a track star
in

performed major roles in the performance. "We were breaking the ice in
athletics and drama," says J.R.
Sperry, captain of the 1984 football
team, who had the leading role of

Danny Zuko.
"So many dedicated
hours much more than I put on a
practice field," Sperry says about his
experience on the stage, adding, "it's
like a marathon and comes down to
a couple of shows. If one piece of the

—

hate being the center of atten-

tion," she says, adding, "it's not

about

me —it's

about the kids and

their talent." Casteel

was

finally el-

evated to drama director in 1981,
earning a salary equivalent to that

head football coach.
"By that time she had established
that she was moving the program
of a

forward," says Dubil. He says the
reasons behind her promotion were
"because she was a 12-month drama
director and because of the quality
of her plays."

But, the turning point for the

Spectrum

°mp.

ij.M

production is missing, the whole
thing collapses you have to be a
team."
Bruce Rankin, this year's Danny
Zuko, also participates in football,
track and field, and weightlifting.

—

"Some of my friends razz me about
the show but, most of them say, 'good
job,'"

Bruce says, noting,

"I

am

def-

of the show."

drama proat Bloomsburg
because of cooperation from school
Casteel believes the

gram succeeded

and other teachThe whole sense of community,

principals, coaches,
ers.

that teamwork,
that's a lot of

what's

miss-

ing in society,
Casteel says.

"One thing

I

push here big
time

is

you've

got to learn to
work together,"

she says.

Casteel
agrees that she

can be tough
when it comes
to discipline,

and deciding to
kick a student
out of a play
is one of the
hardest

Spring-Summer 2000

Mt'i'3

more well-rounded
and have made new friends because

initely

decisions for a director.

you let one or two kids disrupt
the production, you've got a lot of
angry students and parents complaining," she says.
Parents can also be a challenge.
Most are "fantastic," she says, "but
there are always a few who make
problems." Casteel says some parents "don't feel that I cast their kids
the right way." Casteel recalls that
during every show she received at
"If

least one letter or telephone call
from an angry parent or student
that "put a bittersweet twist" on the

show.

reached a point where enough
enough. I want to be able to spend
time with my family, because it's
always been, 'I can't do this or that
because I have a show.'" Casteel
"I've

is

says.

Two

years ago, Casteel was diag-

nosed with diabetes; she
says her health

of the items displayed
throughout the hallways.
A "burger palace" sign, complete
with flashing lights, created by the
shop class, a wooden phone booth
and old soda bottle

were a few
cannot take the grueling hours that
a show demands. Every day she is
in her classroom by 6:30 a.m. After
teaching all day, she begins her
"second full time job" as drama director and "there's no time for contemplation or to regroup." After
rehearsing two to three hours,
Casteel says she's back in her room
grading essays or quizzes. Before
she realizes, it's 9 p.m. and she goes

one of the more difficult shows. "It
was a killer show. Nothing went
right; we were here on school nights
until midnight," she says. Complicating the show's problems were family problems both of her daughters got chicken pox.

—

Problems for "Grease"
2000 affected the actors. A
major illness put Sheryl

home exhausted, taking more
work with

her.

Looking back, Casteel remembers all the weekends, holidays,
vacations, and family outings
she missed because of her
"manic" schedule.
"In my 25 year career I have
spent over 100 nights where I
have never left the school and

Kepping, ("Cha Cha") out of
two performances. Tara Koch,
understudy for the part, had
only an afternoon to prepare.
Prior to this she had never rehearsed on stage. "Mrs. C.
helped me with my character for
the part," she says, adding, "we
went to the Costume Shop after
school for my costume and wig."
Rob Kramer, ("Doody") came down
with laryngitis on the second
/

;

changed my clothes to
get ready for classes," she

just

recalls.

This year's show was no
exception. The weekend
before opening night,
Casteel and some of her
students stayed to finish
decorations and lighting.
Hundreds of 45 rpm

records and musical
notes hung from ceilings
in the hallways and cafeteria.
Research projects about the '50s era
from theater arts students; movie
stars, fashions, and a Rocky
Marciano photograph display

24

The other actors covered his
and his song was modified so

night.
lines

machine added

to the

nostalgia of the ~50s.
Casteel remembers that the 1985
production of "West Side Story" was

he could sing his part without hurting his voice. Josh Klingerman,
(Kenickie) spent the day before the
final show in the emergency room
for a throat injury. Heavily medicated. Josh was able to make it
through the last two performances.
In the fall of 1988 during the
musical, "Godspell," Casteel experi-

enced anxiety attacks. Two weeks
show she underafter the

Spectrum

went emergency surgery for a
tubal pregnancy, and a six week recovery. So concerned about her
classes, she made videotapes at
home of her lessons and sent them
to school for the substitute teacher
to

show

—"Hi

kids, this is Mrs. C,

get our books." She now laughs
about it
"how obsessive is that?"
In 1989, Casteel got pneumonia
during the "Sound of Music."
Already behind schedule, she missed
two weeks of class when, she says,
it was "absolutely critical to be
let's

—

there."

Everyday during theater arts
students were barred from
using the pay phone outside the
auditorium. "I gave instructions
over the phone. I had a 103 temperature, saying 'the show must go
on,"' she remembers.
"What I'm going to miss the
most," she says, "is seeing the kids
take ownership of their projects.
The kids may be quiet, shy, and in
the woodwork. You give them a
task, explain what you're looking
for, and allow them to problem
solve, work it out, and they just
begin to take over and the project
class,

becomes

theirs."

"Casteel is a fantastic teacher
and inspiration," says Stephen
Weitz, a 1991 alumnus of BHS,
who earned a B.A. in drama and
an M.F.A. in acting from Ithaca
College. "Everyone should be so

Spring-Summer 2000

to have an opportunity to discover their talents," he says.
Dedicating so much time and energy to the school and her students,
Casteel feels remorse at things she
missed. "The thing I regret most is
that something has to suffer when
I'm here all the time," she says, her
voice trembling. "I won't let it be my
teaching, so the breakdown is at
home. The house is a wreck, there's
no food, no cleaning or cooking, and
I feel guilty being here day after day,
because I forget I

have a family."
Jerry Casteel, DeAnne's husband,
says that being married to the
director

was "hectic and lots of work.

We all pitched in. It's what she loved
to do," Jerry says, adding, "people

have no concept of how much
work and time she put into a
production."
Jerry, a field engineer at the
Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, helped out evenings and weekends, along with other fathers and

volunteers of the

"A-team,"designing and building sets.
"The shows brought the community together," he says, pointing out,
"mothers sewing and helping with
costumes, painting, and decorating;
fathers helping with sets."
Lindsay Casteel, 18, who was
Sandy, the female lead in "Grease"
2000, has her own opinion of life as
a director's daughter. "Some kids
said, 'Oh, you got that part because

Lindsay says. "But
then they realized I earn whatever
I get," she says, adding, "Mom
she's your mom',"

doesn't

show

favoritism."

Lindsay's sister, Sarah, 21, attends
Central Penn College in Harrisburg,
and came home on weekends to help
out. "I grew up spending most of my
time at the high school," Sarah says,
remembering one rehearsal when
students weren't cooperating and
her mom walked out. "Everyone got
quiet and nobody knew what to do,"
Sarah remembers, adding, "It was
the only time I ever saw her do that."

A

typical rehearsal finds Casteel

surrounded by students and adults
asking questions about tickets, costumes, makeup, and lighting all at
the same time. Throughout this constant buzz, Casteel moves around on
stage mentally picturing how

—

—

everything is going to work. "In professional theater you have a director and a technical director who
works with the crews and the lighting," Casteel says, explaining, "that
doesn't happen here. I direct all the

26

stage
for the first

time to

rehearse for "Grease" 2000. Prior
worked in groups,
some learning lines; others, dance
steps. "I just can't get enough," says
Mike Mollo, a freshman at
Bloomsburg University, who came
back to play guitar in the orchestra.
to this, students

way up
tech.

And then my

to the

week

of

brain has to

switch gears. I'm no longer looking
at blocking, acting, or listening to

voices, or

how

pieces work, or

the props and set

make-

up. I'm watching for
the light cues. Everything has to be choreographed to the second."
Casteel says it's good
for her to be both director and technical director because "there is no
conflict over designing," but the bad part
is that she's doing two
jobs at the same time
being a teacher. "A
coach doesn't have to
worry about the field
the lighting or the
sound, that's someone
else's responsibility,"
she says.
On a Saturday afternoon, two weeks before
opening night, a cast,
crew, and orchestra of

119 students and
alumni got together on

Spectrum

the need to be part of the
show," he says of his role in the "pit."
Mollo was in every show produced
during his four years at BHS.
During rehearsal, Tim Latsha
shouts vocal directions to students
while dance choreographer Nicole
Lanciano, a junior at Bloomsburg
University, watches dance steps.
"It fulfills

Ann Zelonis,

assistant director since
1984, gives instruction on a headset
to students backstage; Casteel

moves around the auditorium yelling orders to everyone.
"When you're meshing 119 different personalities, everybody has to

work

together," Casteel says, addthem, 'your stress is high,

ing, "I tell

want to fight, you're
and your emotions are high.

you're going to
tired,

This

the point you need to cooperate and compromise."'
is

"I have never seen high school
drama this wonderful," Ann Zelonis
says, adding, "DeAnne has such
vision and it trickles down to
everyone. The kids have a tremen-

—

dous respect for her."
The driving force behind Casteel's
years as drama director was "the
creation not to be in charge, but to

—

have

total creative control," Casteel

of

For "Man of La Mancha"
in 1991, Casteel designed a multilevel set with a working drawbridge
10 feet above the stage. Brett
Conner, BHS alumnus of 1992, says
he owes Mrs. Casteel "a lot." Conner
explains that, "she gave me my first
experiences in the theatre a world
I continue to devote myself to."
Conner is an actor in Boston and
runs his own theatre company. Pet
Brick Productions.
Casteel plans to channel her
excessive energy into another
project, not as taxing, but will be
every bit as challenging. "I'm such a
visionary," she says, rubbing her
hands together, thinking about the

to

explains.

my knowledge, people
me and say, 'we are

don't

come

having an
assembly could you please hook up
the microphone,'" Casteel says,

—

adding, "I don't want to do
I'm retiring."

it;

that's

why

—

future. "After I get my house in
order, I already think my next big

Danny
Zuko

going to be my creative writing class," she says, adding, " I have
plans for that class kids getting
published, competitions to get their
work out, and when I have all these

baby

is

(portrayed by
Bruce Rankin)
and Sandy

—

Dumbrowski
(portrayed by

extra hours..."

Lindsay

She continues her career as a
teacher of communications, creative
writing, and theatre arts. "What I
hope doesn't happ en is t hat bec_ause

Casteel)
final

in

the

scene of

'Grease 2000."

2000-2001

eM£&
Saturday, October 7

American Repertory

Ballet

"Where the Wild Things Are"
%

Saturday, October 28

"Anything Goes"

•

Thursday,

Canadian Brass

2000

starring Gloria Loring

November 30
"A Holiday Show"

May

•

§

1

Kandinsky Trio

Tuesday, January 30

London

City

Opera
m

•

June 5
Hesperus

"Carmen"

Saturday, February 24
"Driving Miss Daisy"

S
Thursday, March 29

September 19
Bonnie Rideout

The

Scottisli Trio

"August Rising"

•
Monday, April 23
Baltimore Symphony Orchestra

Bloomsburg University

For ticket information,

Spring-Summer 2000

call (71 7)

389-4409

of Pennsylvania

27

limitations are placed on presenta-

Gfiive him your masterpiece and
Ed Giannattasio will tell you where
I

—

put it "in a frame that will
enhance the artist's intention."
From photos and works of art to
diplomas and medals, Giannattasio
helps his customers capture significant moments within a framework
of memories.
Art is a way of life in Giannattasio's Bloomsburg shop, Art Ventures Custom Made Picture Frames.
He can help frame that special photograph of a child taking her first
step, the award for community leadership, or a favorite poem. Frames
and matting complete the interpreto

tation of artwork.

"Being an artist myself," he says,
work with my customers to create
a presentation that will follow
through with the artist's intention."
Giannattasio believes presentation
of artwork is nearly as important as
the artistic process used to produce
the artwork itself, calling it "a continuation of that process." Often,
"I

28

tion because of the environment in

which the artwork is to be displayed,
such as Early American or post-modern decor. "My skill lies in the melding of these influences to produce a
harmonious piece that is true to the

artwork and

to

my

customer," he

explains.

Recently, Giannattasio completed
a project for a couple who gave him
aerial photographs of the family farm

customers to define their own vision.
I simply listen to their needs."
One of the techniques Giannattasio uses to help a customer
choose frame or matte colors is to
verbalize the adjectives describing
each color choice, such as warm, cool,
rich, subtle, scholarly, fun, or

even

funky. Purple and kelly blue matting, for instance, appealed to a

young lady whose vibrant South
Beach Miami prints needed lively

shades of color appropriate to their
that had been sold. Manipulating
surroundings. Another, an article
colors to capture the woodwork of
from Bloomsburg, the university
house and barn, Giannattasio promagazine, was best displayed in a
duced a rustic frame that retained
frame with the traditional maroon
authenticity of the past and inevitaand gold matte colors.
bly created "an emotional piece that
A framer must learn to work with
brought tears to their eyes."
the mechanics, as well as the aesEvery piece has some color play thetics of art. Sophisticated matethat the artist has chosen. Many rials
archival mounting and matte
influences are at work in each cus- boards, special tapes and adhetom framing project, including the sives must be acid-free and pH
intention of the artist, the character neutral. Without these artistic tools,
of the customer requesting the frame, for instance, a poster or print would
and the environment where the art- buckle or burn (turn brown) from
work will be displayed. "When I sug- direct exposure to untreated
gest a frame or matte color," Giann- cardboard.
attasio says, "I am merely helping my
The custom framer faces chal-

—
—

Spectrum

lenges that require special treatment, among them paintings on silk,
antique tapestries, oil paintings on
stretched canvas, baptismal gowns,
wedding bouquets, or children's artwork on paper. Bargain frames from
department stores may prevent a
souvenir from being crushed in a
closet but, without proper mounting
and precision sizing, they "often do

What started out as a temporary
job became a 20-year career.
Giannattasio attended Bloomsburg
University for two years and graduated from Millersville University in
1980 with a degree in art education.
However, "The Reagan administration's decision to eliminate rev-

enue-sharing with local school dismade it difficult to find a
teaching position," Giannattasio
says, pointing out that programs
were being cut, and retiring teachers were not being replaced. Art and
tricts

music programs were the first casualties, he recalls. So, Giannattasio
took part-time jobs and supplemented his income doing artwork in
a shed behind his parents' house in

Catawissa. He painted portraits,
designed business signs and advertisements, and took virtually any
other art-related work he could find.
Life for Giannattasio is "much
more about growing as an individual
than pursuing a career or obtaining
wealth." The heart and soul of his
business is interaction with people.
"Every time I design a frame," he
says, "my goal is to get my customers to say 'WOW!'"
Does he regret that he's not a
teacher today? "Not really," Giannattasio reflects, "my search for a
teaching position diminished, but I

ventured into a career that, in a
sense, found me."iO

more harm than good." Attempts to
make the artwork "fit the frame"
invariably lead to creative quick
fixes. But scotch tape and scissors,
Giannattasio says, "have destroyed
more artwork than any other home
framing remedy."
Giannattasio is presently working
on a matte that will be designed to
match the scrollwork of an antique
organ. Another request involved displaying the first piece of wood that
a student broke in karate class to
look as if the moment of impact was
frozen in time. Recently, a surgeon

wanted
framed

scientific

specimens

—a human umbilical cord, a

bovine aorta, and various medical
devices. Giannattasio developed an
original shadowbox design with its

own

internal illumination.

Giannattasio began framing his
own work because custom framing
was expensive. When he finally

opened an art store, he offered
custom framing as an additional
service to selling art supplies,
teaching art lessons, and offering
gallery space to local artists.
Picture frame design became his
specialty and it quickly became his
primary source of income.

Spring-Summer 2000

Local artist
Sam Dion lool over tiis acrylic
painting of Carley
Aurora Lee-Lampshire
which was framed by

Ed Giannattasio.
29

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GREENWOOD
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W etch Way
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Ancient Practice Casts
^^ he has never boiled a rat's tail
or the eyes of a newt.

She

a
wart-covered, green-faced old hag.
She doesn't even ride a broom. Yet,
Melissa Gabrielle, Bloomsburg, is a

Its

by Eric

Spell

Over Area Residents

Hunt

reflections of the central deities in

chants like, "Double, double, toil and
trouble. Fire burn and cauldron

order to celebrate and emphasize the
reverence of life.
Pagans believed, as neo-Pagans
and Wiccans today believe, that the
physical and spiritual worlds are
inseparable. Death is not a source
of fear, says Moyer. The body may
die physically, but the soul is reincarnated into a new form and will
continue to return until the end of

bubble."

the world.

witch.

The thought

of coming face to face

with a witch strikes fear into the
hearts of many. It brews images of
menacing puppeteers that manipulate the fate of the world with spooky

If faced

by a witch,

"I'd

keep right

on going," says Robert Drake,
Bloomsburg. Truthfully, though,
Wicca, the modern practice of witchcraft, is nothing to fear. It is an ageold religion based on very real ideas.

Wicca

isn't

a rejection of tradi-

tional religion but, "the

embracing

Pagans have never

believed in Hell or the Devil. Evil
exists, Moyer says, but only as part
of the essential balance of life.
"If you've done what you need to,
you'll come back with a new purpose
and new lessons to learn," says
Gabrielle, "if not, you'll

come back

to learn the lessons you've missed."

of the diversity of religious experi-

Gabrielle says that Wiccans return

ence, in the context of creating
Heaven on Earth," says Sue Yarnes,
Bloomsburg, "Heaven is not somehow separate. Heaven and the
divine and all that is good is here
with us now."
Wicca has its origins in the Pagan
traditions of the ancient Celtic and

to physical

Teutonic tribes in Europe. Their
central deities are a god and goddess, representing the masculine
and feminine sides of a balanced
existence, according to Glenn Moyer,
Catawissa, an 11-year Wicca practitioner. Many gods and goddesses
began to emerge, as aspects and

32

strongly that people should follow
own spiritual path, he says.

their

isn't

form when they have

decided what they need to learn.
"Earth is like a school," Gabrielle
says, "and when you die you return
to your home. You leave again to
continue learning your lessons."
A "Wiccaning" takes place when a
child is born to a Wiccan. Moyer says
the ceremony is similar to Christian
baptism. Both physical and spiritual gifts are given and protection
magic may be used to keep the child
safe in the first few years of growth.
However, Moyer is adamant that the
"Wiccaning" is not a dedication on
the Wiccan path. Wiccans believe

Weddings, or "hand fastings," take
place in the Wiccan faith as well.
ritual is held to bring the couple

A

together before the god and goddess.

The High Priest or Priestess instructs
the couple to join hands and then
ties

a cord around the clasped hands,

making a knot. The two are pronounced husband and wife, "so long
as the love shall last," according to

Moyer. The cord

is cut but the knot
remains, signifying their union. A
divorce in Wicca does not carry the
same stigma it does in Christianity,
says Moyer. If the love no longer
lasts, the knot is simply undone and
it is understood that the marriage
has ended.
The Wiccan New Year begins on
the night of Samhain (pronounced
sow 'en), known to most non-witches
as Halloween. Samhain is the first
of eight Sabbats, or holidays, found
on the Wiccan wheel of the year.
Dressing up on Halloween originated from an ancient Pagan tradition practiced on this night. People
dressed up to fool the bad luck from
the old year or, in some cases, to
scare it away. The "Jack-0-Lantern" was originally intended to
serve as exactly that, a lantern,
according to Moyer. Witches used it
to guide themselves to ancient midnight rituals.

The infamous cauldron, or chalice,
used by Wiccans today, Moyer

is still

Spectrum

explains. It symbolizes the womb of
the Goddess as well as a reverence
for water. It is also used for a prac-

Many people
recognize this as looking into a crystal ball. In truth, there is nothing
inside the ball, Moyer says, "the
reflection and focus give you inspiration inside your own head."
Witches who boil nocturnal creatures in bubbling cauldrons and
tice called "skrying."

then jump on brooms for a night of
moon fly-bys are figments of the
imagination. They were created by
misinterpretations of rather com-

mon Wiccan
"One third

practices,

Moyer

says.

of ancient witchcraft

was herbalism," he

says.

Before

herbs received their Latin names,
and could be identified across cultures, they were known by their
common names. Holly leaves, in the
regions where Wicca originated,

were known as "bat's wings." Herbs
used in medicine and magic, with

comes from the combination

of

two

tection.

Pagan farmers began

ject

to sprout,

witches would put a broom between
their legs and jump through the
fields in order to show the grain how
high to grow. Because the grain was
seen as the domain of the god, or
masculine side of existence, a phallic symbol
the broom was used to
ask for his help in providing a good

—

—

harvest.

Some witches
jection. Moyer

explains

it

as "the

parting of the spirit from the body."
Witches, believing that the spiritual
and physical worlds are one, saw
astral projection as a form of flying.

Some would make
filled

flying ointments

with hallucinogens

astral projection.

to aid in

The only

flying

that witches ever did, says Moyer,
was of a purely spiritual nature.

Misunderstandings

like these are
responsible for conjuring up the classic horror flick.

tongue sound horrible, but they're
just herbs," according to Moyer.

Hexes that bring "a pox upon you"
have scared the zits out of non-

"devil's shoestring,

The myth

of the flying

broom

witches for centuries. According to

Discover the possibilities

are those for healing, love, and pro"Love magic is a touchy sub-

because Wiccans believe so
strongly in free will," he says. There
once were old-style spells that would
deny the free will of another but
according to Moyer, most Wiccans
about not using them.

feel strongly

you want

to attract someone
go for an idea rather
than a person. Never try to deny
"If

into your

life,

someone's free will by using your
practice astral pro-

Jew's
ear, bachelor buttons, or bird's

names like,

Moyer, the most widely used spells

very different practices. When the
grain that had been planted by

magic,"

Moyer

explains.

Many

people believe that witches
practice "black magic," implying

magicof an

evil or selfish nature.

In

Christianity, prayers are said to both

praise God as well as ask for his help
in solving problems with which
faithful people feel they

need

assis-

Moyer says that in Wicca,
"that's what spells are for." He says
that spells only work when they are
tance.

needed and are usually cast with the
welfare of others in mind.
The Law of Three is the unbreakable karmic code of Wiccan magical
practice. The law states, "Do what
you will, so long as you harm no

of...

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Spring-Summer 2000

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33

—

one including yourself," according
to Moyer, "and whatever you do shall
return to you threefold."
"I wouldn't want my kids involved
with [witchcraft]," says Charlie
Rodgers, Berwick. But for those who
do wish to practice the religion,
"That's their business," he says.
Rodgers says he is accepting of the
beliefs of others but believes witchcraft is a negative practice.

These

common, Moyer
knows of more
than 60 Wiccans and at least three
covens in Columbia and Montour

reactions are

all

too

says, although he

counties.

"They have a right," says John
Campbell, Bloomsburg, offering a
more open-minded perspective; "this
is America isn't it?"

"My own

beliefs

with the ones

I

never coincided

was brought up

phoio

with," says Gabrielle, who was
raised Catholic. Throughout her
catechism, the ideas that God had
to be male and the Church led by

men frustrated her.
Some friends asked

Gabrielle

if

she were Wiccan, before she even

knew what

it

meant, because of

some of the beliefs she had shared
during a philosophical discussion.
She says she was intrigued and began to find out all she could about
the religion. Quickly, Gabrielle says,
she realized that Wicca had been in
her heart since childhood.

Moyer says that when he is asked
what his religion is and answers,
"I'm Wiccan," he usually gets in

about Wicca can witness and participate in a ritual. As many as 70
Wiccans and non-Wiccans have attended her open circles, she says.
Rituals are held on the Sabbats as
well as on full
says.
vices,

moon holidays, Moyer

Unlike Christian church serthere are no weekly rituals.

Many Wiccans

practice daily, per-

forming solitary rituals before sleeping at night or after waking in the
morning. They practice as either a
solitary witch or part of a coven,

a group of witches, guided
by a High Priest and High Priestess. Covens often hold their rituals
in secret because of traditions that

response, "What's that?" Once, two
men confronted Moyer in a parking

the Bloomsburg area and
attempted to save him in the name
of Christianity. One
man took a compassionate approach, he says,
but the other was force-

lot in

and "didn't know
what he was talking

ful

a sctiooi
die you
return to your iiome.
You ieave again to
continue learning your
'

Earth

is like

and wtien you

lessons.

about."

i

«.f

"I think I scared
them," says Moyer, not
because he practiced
witchcraft but because
it*rt, J
he says he knew more
about the Bible than
they did. Although he wasn't
afraid, Moyer says, he knew
where the call boxes were in

that parking

lot.

Experiences like these are
discouraging, considering
that Wiccans believe so
strongly that aU people deserve
the freedom to practice their

own

religion,

Moyer

explains.

Regardless, he says he comes
away from such an experience

with more confidence in his
chosen path, "I proved that I

8Wr;mystic
^gi^5|nts to be

present at a

Wicc an
34

ritual

can remain civilized and I
didn't have to hide anything
because there is nothing wrong
with what I do."
For many, what Moyer does
is shrouded in mystery and
surrounded by fear. However,
Yarnes does hold open circles
where people who are curious

came about when the

religion

was

In 1956, when the
last of the English anti-witchcraft

underground.

laws were repealed, the word
"Wicca" surfaced, rooted in the
Anglo-Saxon language, to diminish
the stigmas that haunt the terms
"witch" and "witchcraft." Since then,
Moyer says, the religion has grown
steadily.

A

ritual begins with the purification of the self in most solitary practices. After ritually bathing, Wiccans anoint themselves with scents

that help focus their mind on where
they are and what they are about to

Sage is commonly used in American Wicca for its purifying scent.
A circle is cast, using the powers
air,
of the four mystic elements
fire, earth, and water. The god and
goddess are invited to be present and
watch over the ritual. Each one is
different, depending on the Sabbat
or holiday that is being celebrated,
and makes use of a variety of tools
do.

—

Spectrum

and symbols. "The pentagram is the

most misunderstood symbol we
have," Moyer says. It is a fivepointed star, symbolizing the Earth.
Four of the points represent the
mystic elements and the fifth point,
at the top of the star, represents the

Fantasies by Rebecca

spirit.
"It's easy to equate witches with
worshipping Satan," says a Berwick
man who wishes to remain anonymous. However, in the practice of
Satanism, which Moyer says could
not have derived from Paganism
because the idea of the Devil comes
from Christianity, the pentagram is
inverted. The spirit points down,
implying that it is below both the
physical world and the self. As a
Wiccan symbol, Moyer says, the
spirit is above and, more importantly, in harmony with the other
elements. "The spirit flows with the
other elements," Moyer explains,
drawing the star.
The athame, or ritual dagger, is
used as a symbol for fire. Moyer says
the athame is only used to cut "spiri-

Designer
55 East Main Street
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
(570-784-4436)

tually," or to direct energy, as in the

casting of the circle for ritual work.

The wand

is a

Wiccans use

it

the

to

symbol

for air.

communicate with

spirit.

"Cakes and ale" sometimes mark
the end of a ritual for covens.
Eating grain is a symbol for
communing with the god and drinking water, communing with the goddess. But there are other reasons

and ale" at the
Moyer says, "doing
expends a lot of energy and

for including "cakes

end

of a ritual.

a ritual

you get the munchies."
Although Moyer has found great
joy in his solitary practices as well

as his involvement in the highly
energetic open circles that Yarnes
holds, "hundreds of years of misun-

derstandings and propaganda" are
difficult to refute. "It's good to try to
change things," he says, "but when
you try to force things on people they
won't listen." He is content to walk
his path and shed a positive light on
it for those who are curious about

where

it is

going. tC

Spring-Summer 2000

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Store Hours
Monday-Thursday
7:45 a.m.-8 p.m.
Friday
7:45 a.nn.-4:30 p.m.

Saturday

September 23-30, 2000

Noon-5 p.m.
Sunday
Noon-4 p.m.

name attractions,
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Big

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The

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policies for text
merchandise returns.

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chases textbooks adopted for
the upcoming semester at 55%
of the retail phce. Textbooks
not needed for inventory may
be purchased by Missouri Book

Company
market

Spring 2000

at the prevailing

price.

37

w

TICKED OFF

by Erika Landis
tion, rashes,

know what

and tapeworms that

those
nasty little bloodsuckers, can do to
humans, but some people might not
know that dogs and cats are susceptible to Lyme disease as well.
Dogs are more likely to contract
the disease than cats, because of

can carry. Tick season lasts
from March to November, so it might
be time to look at some options.
Flea and tick treatments on the
market include monthly topical
applications of Frontline Topspot

compulsive grooming habits.
Long-haired dogs are at the highest

Advantage ($29.50

'e all

ticks,

felines'

risk.

argy,
pain.

Symptoms in pets include lethsudden lameness, and joint

The Bloomsburg Veterinary Hospital alone treats 15 to

20 dogs a

year with clinical signs of the disease, according to Dr. Jean H.
Cunningham. At the Berwick
Veterinary Center, Dr. Steven L.
Schindler, reports that four to seven
dogs each year are suspected of carrjdng Lyme Disease. However, most
pets avoid any risk of contracting it

by becoming vaccinated.
Providing pets with preventive
treatments against fleas and ticks
is much cheaper than bombing your
house with insecticides, says Dr.
Stacia Gilbert at the Alpine Animal
Clinic, Danville. It's also more sensible than dealing with the irrita-

ties,

the market long enough to ensure
no unforeseen difficulties. This new
topical treatment ranges from $23
to $58, depending on the weight and
age of the pet, and can be sold in
dosages of three or six.
With Revolution, some animals
may experience hair loss where the
ointment is applied, just as oral
medications can give certain dogs
upset stomachs.
Overall, Cunningham believes
that current medications like Revolution are substantially safer than
previous options. "I'm happy we
have selections. These new products
are wonderful - not only do they
work, but they decrease harmful exposure to humans," she says. Flea
dips and sprays are not only unsafe
for the environment, but they contain the chemical chlorpyriphos,
which has been linked to cases of
leukemia in children. Now that
many of these older products have
been pulled from the market, the
current medications have become
the new science.

($29.50 for three applications) or
for four applica-

Oral medications, including
Program ($29.95 for six months) and

tions.)

Sentinel ($34.86-52.46 for six
months, depending on weight), are

now

most veterinarians and animal

hospitals will not carry the product
before summer, when it has been on

fleas

available in flavored tablets.

Lufenuron, the active ingredient in
many flea and tick combatants, is
now a shot that can be administered

by veterinarians.
The new wonder drug in veterinary circles this year is Revolution,
an ointment that is applied to the
back of a pet's neck once a month.
It prevents pets from being tormented by fleas, ticks, heartworms,
ear mites, and Sarcoptic mange. It's
quick drying, water repelling, and
safe for puppies and kittens more
than six weeks old. Revolution can
be obtained only by prescription
from veterinarians.
In Columbia and Montour coun-

Hunting for Deadbeat Dads
tarents who pay for a hunters are required to the format of license
*ar
hunting license and ne- collect social security applications be changed to
glect their child support numbers from all appli- accommodate an applipayments are now the cants in order to help with cant's social security numprey, according to Valerie the enforcement of child ber. The agent says the
laws,
says process is expensive and
Kazacavage, chief of the support
licensing department of Kazacavage. The federal that "most states are
the Pennsylvania Game government added this really up in arms about it
Commission. But the requirement in an amend- because no one wants to
PGC and local licensers ment to the Social Secu- foot the bill."
aren't enforcing the law. rity Act. License appliThe effectiveness of the
According to a Benton cants whose child support law is debatable because
area license issuing agent, payments are delinquent the PGC does not force
who wanted to be anony- face having their hunting applicants to provide their

mous, "They don't enforce license privileges sus- social security numbers.
I usually just keep my pended until the debt is According to Kazacavage,

it.

mouth

shut."

Businesses that license

38

paid.

The law requires that

The Commission
ficiently

is insuf-

equipped to track

by Eric

Hunt

an applicant with a

social

security number alone.
The only way to suspend
a hunter's privileges is
to notify the applicant
once the Commission has
received a notice from a
judge stating that the
applicant is delinquent,
says Kazacavage.
"If someone refuses to
give [a social security
number] we'll still sell the
license," according to the

Commission. Kazacavage
could not recall having
to deny a license to any
applicants during 1999.

Spectrum

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look forward to serving you long into the

NEXT

Russell's Restaurant and Clanq^'s Bistro are preparing for the Millennium!

On July 6, we celebrated our

19th year in downtown Bloomsburg
and are we ever excited!
To celebrate our anniversary and the arrival of the year 2000,

we proudly introduce...
And our Award Winning Wine Spectator Magazine
Wine Cellar, offering a 350 bottle selection.

our Nationally Recognized Beer List, featuring over
600 bottled beers from around the world, tine
largest selection in PA, actually the largest selection

offered from here to Washington DC. We also
have 34 beers on draft with lots of U.S. Micro
Brews many changing for the seasons

To continue our celebration, we offer live music
Wednesday evenings in Russell's, and Thursday and
Sunday evenings in Oancy's, no chargeof course!

Now Let's Talk About Our Menus!
New Sunday Brunch

Dinner

Our new Sunday

Our Award Winning Dinner Menu,
has been featured on W\/'IA's Chefs

Brunch

is

served

Bistro
Our ever popular, fourteen page
Bistro

Menu is available seven

Wa.m. until 2 p.m.,
and offers a delicious

of the Great Northeast. This Wpagi
menu is served seven days a week

days a weekfrom

variety of choices to

from 4:30 p.m. and offers the most
delicious entrees found anywhere.
Choose from steak, chicken,

like at prices

delightfully start

your week.

7

a.m.

and

W a.m. until

offers everything

you

you're gonna lovel

Enjoy soups appetizers salads burgers, crepes, pastas and sandwiches,
sandwiches, sandwiches!

seafood, veal, pasta or crepes You

won't believe our selection.

Please Remember
The Outdoor Cafe is open Spring through Fall, please come and enjoy. • The Banquet Room seats parties of ten to sixty.
Our private dining room in Oancy's seats up to twelve. • Our private Cigar room in Clancy's is air purified.
There is always Non-Smoking available In Russell's and Clancy's • We offer a large selection of Single Malt Scotches and Ports
We have Gourmet Beer to Co as take out or gift packs • Upcoming Events: Beer Tastings, Wine and Food Pairing with Willy Frank
Special Dinner Menus featuring our Hawaiian Menu and coming soon. Great Chefs of New York City.

J^rom Maiia
and ^ssell

.

We would like to thank our families, dear friends, neighbors and the Community for your inaedible support
these past years.
Our goal in 1981 was to offer the Community a different and interesting place to visit, to feel comfortable, to
relax and to enjoy and experience different foods, beverages and entertainment.
With the addition of Clancy's, we continue to strive toward our goal. We have much work to do, as we enter
the millennium, and we do it with excitement and enthusiasm.
A very special thank you to the hundreds of people who through cards, gifts and especially kind words and
prayers reached out to Maria during her illness. Because of you, and the wonderful doctors, nurses and support
staff of Bloomsburg Hospital and Penn State Ceisinger Medical Center, she feels great.
We enter our 20th year strong, Jiealthy and very excited about our future in downtown Bloomsburg.
To All, Thank You.
Russ and Maria Lewis

BISTRO
725 West Main St

1

Specializing

in

17 West Main St

-

Bloomsburg, PA

•

387- 1332

Good Times Into the Next

•

Bloomsburg, PA

•

389-9101

mm

Vol. 14,

No. 2

Winter 2001

$1.95

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Electrical Supplies/Lighting/Telecom/Industrial Automation

To Serve Our Building Customers Even Better, We've United Our 9
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BLOOMSBURG DIVISION
1100 Old Berwick Rd., Bloomsburg

(570) 784-9488 •1-800-222-9203

Bredheadsvaie

SPECTRUM
CONTENTS
Vol. 14,

No. 2

COVER:

Winter 2001

by Matt Grisafi
COVER HEADLINES:
Daily Item (Sunbury,

Pa.)

Citizen's Voice (Wilkes-Barre, Pa.)

VICTIMS
6

Seasons Of Silence

14

A new menace

By MaryJayne Reibsome

By Louis Williams

9 Drawing a Path to Freedom
Through therapy and

woman

art,

on the bar and
club scene might be in your drink

16

Living in Constant Fear

An

one

elderly

woman

tells

how

she

was raped in her own home

overcomes abuse

By Ken Fetterhoff

By Eric Hunt

12

Designer Drugs

Three local women look back
on being molested as children

18

Blinded by Trust

A date-rape victim

talks

Unlocking the Silence
Abuse victims get help from the
RAINN hodine
By Matt Grisafi & Christy Thompson

about

her frightening experience
By Sheila Held

PREDATORS
20

Portrait Of

An
and

23

inmate

a Pedophile

talks

about the past

his treatment in prison

31

Prison Myth?

By MaryJayne Reibsome

Abuse between inmates is less
common than you might think

Preying on Youtii

By MaryJayne Reibsome

Child pornography on the
Internet

is

on the

rise

By Theresa Wagner

32 Crossing the Line
Local employees discuss their
harassment in the workplace

26 Clianging on the inside

By Eric Hunt

Counsehng and rehabiUtation
of sex offender inmates
By MaryJayne Reibsome

THE SYSTEM

36 His Word Against Hers

43 A Cry for Help
The problem of foster

Rape victims sometimes find
their

own

By Ken Fetterhoff

By Eric Hunt

39

is

Your Child's Safety Worth

more than $2090?
Punishment

for sex crimes

By Ken Fetterhoff

40

Hard Times for Sex Crimes
Megan's

Law

care

abuse persists in Pennsylvania

innocence in question

requires sexual

46

'Sorry, You're Married'

Rape

legislation hasn't always

offered married

women

protection

By Eric Hunt

48 Throwing Away the Key
New Pa. bill would hit sexually

offenders to register with police

violent predators harder

By Eric Hunt

By Eric Hunt

special issue of Spectrum
This
Magazine began in early sum-

mer in the Court of Common
Pleas for Columbia County. We were
watching jury selections for two persons, one of whom was accused of a
non-violent bank robbery, the other
accused of child molesting. Late that
afternoon, in discussions with Judge
Scott Naus, we learned that the

occasions

it is

necessary.

Before the

words of the sources are put into
type, our editors have verified the
facts of their comments, often by
intensive questioning and by getting
a second source with first-hand
knowledge of the information to help
There

is

another change the readers
Past issues car-

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Walter

will see in this issue.

.

ried full color

mandates a harsher

|

state-of-the-art
design.

Behind

and

This speexcept

issue,

cial

for the covers,

We

_

^^^_^^^_^_^

complex area that can have no closure.
to the press, bills are

being introduced into the Legislature.
Because of the nature of this special issue, we have also used what is
journalistically known as the "veiled
news source." This means we have

hidden the names of certain individuals we have interviewed. We rarely
use the veiled news source, but on

color

MANAGING EDITOR
Eric

that

M. Hoch

Matt

Grisafi

ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Ken Fetterhoff
Theresa Wagner

COPY EDITORS
Rosemary R. Brasch
Vickey Rainis

ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR
Elizabeth Smith

PHOTOGRAPHY ART ASSISTANT
/

Heather Kerns

BUSINESS MANAGER
Katy Handschuh

ADVERTISING / CIRCULATION

ACCOUNT MANAGERS
Jesse

Chiropractic &
Rehabilitation Center

Hunt

ART DIRECTOR

might have

THE EDITORS

Brasch

Maryjayne Reibsome

is

detracted from the
I
message. And, as
we have learned the past few months,
the design is far more difficult to execute when only black and shades of
gray are used.
Finally, although this is one of the
largest magazine issues we've produced, it's only a small part of what
needs to be reported. We hope our articles will help others to better understand themselves and others. Perhaps,
it may spur some of our readers either
to report problems, without fear, or to
become activists for change.

Russell

Dr.

believe

M.

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

black-and-white.

largest single issue
of Spectrum in a decade. This issue is
divided into three parts—the victim,
the predator, and the system; each
part has several stories to help readers
better understand that this is a most

Even as we go

Magazine

in that verification process.

Commonwealth
sentence for robbery
than it does for child
molesting.
That revelation
led to a fuU investigation of sexual
predators— and the

SPECTRUM

Donahue

James Monos
PRE-PRESS

CONSULTANT

Sheri Lozak

PRINTING CONSULTANT
Dick Shaffer

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&

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On Chronic

'Difficult Cases

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FIRST PLACE

Spinal Disorders

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Special Emphasis

Associated Collegiate Press

St.

Bloomsburg

Spectrum

is

Press Association

published twice a year by the

journalism program at Bloomsburg University.

No portion of Spectrum may
including advertising, without

©

be reprinted,
its

permission.

2001 Spectrum

Bakeless Center 106
Bloomsburg University
Bloomsburg, Pa. 17815
(570) 389-4825
Fax: (570) 389-2607

Spectrum

SEX CRIMES
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Forcible Compulsion:
Compulsion by use of physical, intellectual, moral, emotional, or psychological force, either express or imphed.
The term includes, but is not Hmited to, compulsion
resulting in another person's death, whether the death
occurred before, during, or after sexual intercourse.*

Rape:

The act of forcing, or threatening to force,
another person to engage in sexual intercourse
against his or her will; forcible compulsion must be
proven in order to obtain a conviction for rape. The

another person with a part of the body, against the
other person's will and without his or her consent.
The legal definition also includes protection for people who have been unknowingly impaired by drugs,
who are unconscious, who suffer from mental disabilities, who are under the age of 13, or who are under
the age of 16 and have been assaulted by a person
who is four or more years older than the victim.*

Felony- 1.

legal definition also includes protection for people

who have been unknowingly impaired by drugs, who
are unconscious, who suffer from mental disabilities,
or who are under the age of 13.*
Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse:
Felony- 1. The act of forcing, or threatening to force,
another person, or an animal, to engage in deviate
sexual intercourse against his or her will; the term
deviate sexual intercourse includes oral and anal sex
as well as penetration, however slight, of the genitals or anus of another person with an object that is
not part of the body.
The legal definition also
includes protection for people who have been
unknowingly impaired by drugs, who are unconscious, who suffer from mental disabilities, who are
under the age of 13, or who are under the age of 16
and have been assaulted by a person who is four or
more years older than the victim.*

indecent Assault:
Misdemeanor-2. The act of forcing, or threatening to
force, indecent contact with or from another person,
against the other person's will and without his or her
consent.

The

legal definition also includes protection

who have been unknowingly impaired by
drugs, who are unconscious, who suffer from mental
disabilities, who are under the age of 13, or who are

for people

of 16 and have been assaulted by a
person who is four or more years older than the victim. Indecent assault is a Misdemeanor- 1 when the
victim is under the age of 13.*

under the age

Indecent Exposure:
Misdemeanor-2. The act of exposing a person's genitals
in a public place or in any place where there are present other people that would find this behavior offensive
or alarming. Indecent Exposure is a Misdemeanorwhen the victim is under the age of 16.*

Grades of Crimes (most to least severe!:
Capital Crime, Felony- 1, Felony-2, Felony-3,

Misdemeanor- 1, Misdemeanor-2, Misdemeanor-3.
Sexual Assault:

The act of forcing, or threatening to force,
another person to engage in sexual intercourse or
deviate sexual intercourse against his or her will and
without consent. This charge was created to address
rape and IDSI cases where forcible compulsion is
unable to be proven, but the victim's lack of consent
Felony-2.

is clear.*

Statutory Sexual Assault:
Felony-2. The act of sexual intercourse with another person under the age of 16 by a person who is four
or more years older than the victim.*

Pedophilia:

The conscious sexual

desire of an adult directed toward
dependent, developmentally immature children and
adolescents who do not fully understand these actions
and are unable to give informed consent.**

Recidivism:
Habitual or repeated relapsing into a criminal

*Title 18, Part II, Chapter
Pennsylvania Code

31,

Subchapter

B of the

Lanyon, Theory and Treatment in Child

Aggravated Indecent Assault:

**R.I.

Felony-2. The act of forcing, or threatening to force,
penetration, however slight, of the genitals or anus of

Molestation, Journal of Consulting Clinical
Psychology, (1986)

Winter 2001

act.

Victims

>v

Seasons
Three local

women

face the demons of
their past as they recall
the nightmare

of their

sexual molestation

by Maryjayne Reibsome
photo by Heather Kerns

R

jed

and orange

leaves slov^ly drift to the ground,

marking the passing of a season. Three w^omen
stages of their hves talk

have in

common.

in different

about a horrible secret they

all

All three w^ere molested as children

never revealed their secret

.

.

and

.

spectrum

Victims

A

28-year-old

woman

Montour county

the late
autumn sun contemplating
her past, absently scratching the
head of a Shetland collie sitting at
her feet. The silence lengthens as
she hesitates, searching for the
courage to tell how she was sexually molested as a child and again as
a teenager.
sits

"I remember a man taking me
upstairs to a bedroom, unzipping

and making me perform
said it was our 'little
secret,' and not to tell," says the
dark-haired woman.
She was four years old. It happened a few more times and was
forgotten by the child. Today, as a
grown woman,
his pants
oral sex.

she
find

He

says

would

like

that

and

he made her perform oral

"He forced

in

sex.

my head down

there,"

streaming down her
remembered this happening
before and I thought that this is
what I was supposed to do." She
rocks back and forth, hugging the
she

cries, tears

face, "I

dog

for comfort.

She says she feels guilt and
shame when she thinks of those

—

to

ask him,
"Do you know
what you did to
my life when you
did that to me?"

"I

would

time after that and she kept her
secret until she was 19, when she
told her fiancee. She says it was the
hardest thing she ever had to do.

happen to her.
"He never told me not to tell, but
I remember being afraid of the con-

"It wasn't fair to him not to understand why I had problems with some
aspects of our sex life," she says
adding, "Sometimes the memories

sequences if I did," she says.
Because her father and mother

my life when you

When

she was
nine, her parents divorced and
her father remarried. Her mother
met a man, who would eventually
become her stepfather and the next
man to sexually assault her.
Her mother and father hated
each other and the relationship
between the two families was a battleground, she says. But, she
adored her mother's boyfriend and
his two small sons.

hated each other, they had little
contact with her father. She was
afraid to tell her father. He had a
violent temper, and she was afraid
he would do something violent to
her attacker and go to jail. She was
even more frightened to tell her
mother because she had to live
with her and thought she wouldn't
believe her. Besides, the boyfriend

of gifts

remembers getting lots
and attention from him and
she says he used to take her side
when she was fighting with her
brothers or her mother.

happened."

girl

Her mother worked night shift
and she stayed at home, watching
her brothers. When she was 10, she
coming home late at night from the bar
and standing in her doorway
watching her. One night when she
was asleep on the couch, he lay
down with her and pretended to
sleep while he slowly 'Tjumped" her,
easing her into his touch. Over
time, caressing turned forceful and
recalls her mother's boyfriend

Winter 2001

But,
told.

she

it

did

When

knew

it

happen and she never

she turned 14, she says
was wrong so she took

She went to
school and became ill and told the
nurse she took pills. The nurse
called Children and Youth Services
and she was sent to a counselor.
She lied to the counselor about the
pills

to kill herself.

abuse.

It

continued.

She says she was molested until
she was 15

counseling when
she was 20 and

when one

night, while

45,

told
her
mother that her

later

did that to me?'
^^^^^^^^^_

had become her stepfather now,
and she loved him, she says, wiping
tears from her face, "I would just
close my eyes and wait for it to be
over, and then he'd act like it never

The

come flooding back, and knowing
how wrong it was
overwhelms me."
She
attended

man today and
'Do you know what you did

like to find that

say to him,
to

she started dating boys. Her stepfather and mother separated some

times guilt, because she didn't
tell anyone, believing he is probably out there still molesting children; shame because she let it

she

man

her mother was working, her
stepfather came to her room and
tried to take her downstairs to
the living room.
"I remember kicking at him and
the boys were in the room, so he left
me alone after that." She says she
believes another factor was that

stepfather

had

molested

her.

Her mother, now
says she was shocked and can't

understand
come to her

why

her daughter didn't
was a problem.
"It was like he was her real
father," says the girl's Columbia
County mother, "she always had to
go with him wherever he went."
She says she would have killed
him and protected her if she had
if

there

known. Her mother doesn't remember any special attention given to
her by her stepfather, but says her
daughter was spoiled as a child.
Her mother says that if the
molestation was going on between
the ages of 10 and 15 she doesn't
know when it could have happened
because the house was always full

—

of her daughter's friends.

"I'm not saying he did or didn't
it, I don't know," her mother
says, "But the fact she waited so
long to tell (two years after her

do

—

mother was divorced), something
is not jiving, she could have told
someone her aunt, her dad or
her grandmother." The daughter
who has not spoken to her mother

—

7

Victims

adding, "Sometimes I think there
can never be closure ^just a scab
that gets scraped off now and then
and has to start healing all over

in six years, says, "I cannot understand how she didn't know, when

—

she lived in the same house while
it was happening."
This year, 19 substantiated sexual abuse cases were reported to the
Columbia County Children and
Youth Services, says Christine
Swank, administrative director.
She also says that in four of the
cases, the primary caregiver was

again."

Even with time, it's hard to forgive and forget, says a 68-year-old
Columbia County woman. She
balls her hands into fists as she
recalls being molested

by an older

closet

and never discussed. The

woman recalls the cousin
eventually ending up in the State
Correctional Institute at Rockview not knowing why, but hoping he had been caught and prosecuted as a pedophile. She smiles
when she recalls his death.
senior

—

"I

and

remember
telling

calling

my daughter
my worst

her that

cousin when she was a little girl.
nightmare was dead," she says.
Her voice lowers to a whisper as "My daughter knew right away
not supportive of the child's discloshe tells her secret.
what I was talking about."
sure of sexual abuse. She says that
"He wouldn't let me play games
Jack Allar, counselor and coin all cases where there was no
support for the child's disclosure,
with the older kids unless I would founder of the sex offender prolet him 'tickle me,'" she says, notthe perpetrator was the mother's
gram at the State Correctional
ing, "My mother would never
boyfriend or husband.
Institution at Rockview, has been
Today the victim says she's still believe that her brother's son dealing with sexual issues since
trying to deal with the demons in
would do anything like that."
1971 when he worked as a counher past. As for giving advice to
She recalls the cousin's sister selor for Children and Youth. He
other victims "I don't know
says he believes 90 percent
how to help them, I am still
of sexual assault cases go
trjdng to help myself." But,
unreported. One of the reaI
there
the worst part of all, says
sons, he says, is because it's
the victim, is that after her
closure
^just
a very intimidating process
mother divorced her stepfafor a child to sit and tattle on
that gets
a
off
ther, he married a woman
his or her family. Allar
with a small daughter. He
describes a therapy scenario
novs^
to
later got divorced and left
where two strangers sit,
again."
knees and hands touching,
the state.
start
all
"I can understand why a
telling about their deepest
^^^ secrets.
child doesn't tell anyone
when they've been molested," says having a sleepover and the commo"Imagine how hard it would be
a 41-year-old Montour County tion that ensued the next morning telling a stranger your most humilwoman. She crosses her arms over when the girls found the crotch cut iating sexual experience," Allar
her chest, hugging herself. She out of some of their panties.
says, adding, "Now imagine you are
says she feels cold whenever she
"They never knew who did it," a child telling on your daddy. The
recalls an incident when a relative
she says, nodding her head,
"I
pressure is immense."
attempted to have sex with her know who it was." Her mother's
Talking about sex offenses is
when she was a child. "I would refusal to believe the cousin was a probably one of the biggest taboos
never, ever tell anyone about it, not
pedophile allowed the sexual abuse in life, Allar says, pointing out that
even my husband," she says, "it is to continue into the next genera- people will talk about health,
too humiliating, too personal to
tion. The child grew to womanhood
finances, and just about anything
talk about."
and had a daughter. One day the except sex. Sex offenders are the
It was only on one occasion, but she
daughter came home from visiting biggest cons in the world, Allar
says she never forgot how she felt.
her grandmother and told her says, they are experienced in cover"I trusted him, and he told me not
mother the cousin had "touched her ing up and keeping their secret
to make noise or tell," she says,
down there."
from friends and family.
adding, "I remember wishing he
"My husband and father went
"Sex offenders are very elaborate
would just stop because he was after him, but he lied about it," she planners," he says.
hurting me."
says, disgusted.
All three women agree that
Now, she says, sometimes when
Her children were never allowed keeping the "secret" was a way of
she is having sex, the memory flashto be in the same room with him
denying abuse ever occured, thus
es in her mind and she shoves it back.
and she never talked to or acknowl- protecting themselves from a
"It's amazing how badly you can
edged him again, she says. When support system that all too often
feel about something over which
she was growing up, sexual abuse perpetuates their "seasons of
you had no control," she says, was something that was kept in the silence." S

—

^^_

"Sometimes

can never be

think

—

scraped
and then and has
healing
over

scab

8

Spectrum

Victims

Drawing a Path

m
Freedom

...to
One woman finds

courage to overcome three

years of sexual abuse through therapy

and art

by Eric Hunt
more than 35 years
After
of depression and selfloathing,

Carol

Derek,

Shamokin, has liberated herfrom a repressed past. When
she was seven years old, Derek
says she was raped by a relative.
54,

self

"At first he just touehed me,"
Derek claims, "but then one day he
raped me." The assaults took plaee

over a three-year period, either in

her house or in the woods, Derek
says. She didn't believe she could
tell her parents because it would
upset them, Derek says, so she just
put up with one rape after another.
"I couldn't tell my dad," she says.
When Derek was 10 years old, she
says the person who she accuses of
the attacks left the area.
"It was the happiest day of my
But the seeds of
life," she says.
self-destruetion had been planted
and throughout the next 35 years,
they became part of Derek's life.
She says she never spoke to anyone about the sexual abuse she suffered and her memories of the
experience faded until she had
blocked them almost completely
The
out of her conscious mind.
effects that came as a result of such

Winter 2001

and innocence,
she says, were manifested in her
day-to-day life.
"I never felt like I was good
enough. I thought I had to please
everyone," Derek says everyone
but herself, that is. During her
years of silence, Derek says her
attitude became increasingly negative. This was augmented, she
says, by her involvement in a 15year relationship with an emotionally abusive man.
It wasn't until Derek was 45
years old that she finally dug up
her buried secret. She says, "he
approached me at the wedding
when no one was around, and told
me what he did to me." She says he
reminded her tauntingly, bringing
it all back vividly from the depths
of her memory. "I had dreamt about
it before," she says, 'Taut I didn't
a violation of trust

—

want

to

admit that

tried to keep

it

was

reality.

I

away."
The relative Derek claims abused
her, now living out of the area, vigorously denies any sexual involvement with Derek. "Somebody is
blowing smoke," he says, adding, "I
have no idea [why she said this]."
He says there is "no way" he would
it

"ever have done this."
But the truth, as Derek

rememhad become undeniable and
Derek decided to seek help. She
had been attending a church in
Shamokin. "I told the pastor about
what happened," Derek says, "and

bers

it,

he said I
should talk to my mom about it."
She was in her late 40s when she
finally had the courage to tell her
mother, she says, noting that her
mother believed her story and was
very supportive.
"But when I told my dad," Derek
after our second meeting,

want to believe it."
About that time, the atmosphere
at the church also became progressays, "he didn't

sively worse, she says.
"I feel like I

gion,"

was abused by

Derek says.

reli-

She explained

that the pastor's wife held her
down with strict religious guidelines, instead of helping her recover from the years of repression that
had kept her down for so long
already.
"I

wore a sleeveless dress

to

church one Sunday," she says, "and
[the pastor's wife] said 'do you want
what happened to you before to

happen again?' After

that,

I left

the

Victims

statement proved to be very true.
Derek says she had been dating a
man for three years before she
Christian counselor.
"He was very good to me," Derek began her counseling with Penman.
Although he was a very supportive
says. The counselor helped her let
boy-friend, Derek says, one day he
go of many of the "church restrictold her that he had a tendency
tions" that made her first counseltoward abuse.
El.:
"I thought he was
Mr. Perfect," says
"I
Derek, "so when he
told me he could be
it before,
abusive I got upset
and decided to leave
I didn't
him."
church."

seeking

She immediatelj' began
from a different

help

had dreamt

about

want

but

to

admit that

was

Derek began
it

reaUty."

•••i^^^^
mg

dysfunctional.
experience
Eventually, the counselor realized
that Derek needed more help than
he was able to provide. He recommended that she become a patient
at Philhaven, a Christian treatment center for victims of sexual
abuse and depression. She went,
but Derek says she sank even deep-

wanted to kill myself!" she says.
Then, in 1996, Derek says she met
Grace Penman, director of counseling services at the The Women's
Center of Columbia/Montour counties. The two women say they
immediately drew up a contract
in which Derek promised not to
cause any harm to herself.
"I

Then the healing
Penman says.

"She hadn't talked about
to her for so
says,

"that

she had gotten all bottled
up like a pressure cooker.'
Derek says she was very
quiet when she first started her counseling at the

Women's

Center.

She

did well at the beginning, Penman says,
but "sometimes things
have to get worse
before they can get
better."

10

"I told her, 'Carol, it's a permanent solution to a temporary problem,'" Penman says, but Derek

says,

"I

didn't care if

I

lived or

Penman

says Derek tried to
"but the policemen

quehanna
River
but stopped at a
restaurant in Elysburg and called the

drive away,
blocked her car.
She was really
mad at me."
Derek says the policeman who
talked to her "was very nice. But I
was very rude to him." The pohcemen were able to coax Derek out of
her car and into an ambulance that
took her to Geisinger Medical Center.
She stayed there that night.
"It was a turning point for her,"
says Penman. Two days later,
Derek says she admitted herself

left a message,
that she could no

longer keep her contract. Penman
says she knew that Derek was

She called
the
back
at
restaurant.

kill herself.

Derek

Bloomsburg Hospital's inpatient

psychiatric

unit

and remained

for

began.

what happened

Penman

restaurant.

died."

Penman

planning to

uniformed Elysburg police officers
showed up at the restaurant within
a few minutes. The police officers
blended in to the scenery while
Penman says she attempted to talk
to Derek on her own, outside the

ing toward the Sus-

Women's Center.
She says she
telling

says, and told her to stay
there until she arrived.
"I knew I had to do something
quickly," says Penman, "so I called
the police." Penman and two non-

into

er into depression.

long,"

driv-

Penman

Carol

Derek
used art

and poetry
to help her

recover

from being
raped by her
Here,
Carol writes

relative.

about an

ex-

boyfriend.

Penman's
Spectrum

Victims

two and a half weeks. She attended
several classes at the hospital that
focused on "learning to talk out

your problems." Penman says she
kept in contact with Derek during
her stay at the hospital but didn't
resume counseling until a month
after her release. That was over
three years ago.

Now Derek lights up an entire
room with her optimistic smile and
wide eyes. Such a positive disposition, however, has not come about
without years of work, she says.
Derek had a lot of pent up anger
toward her relative when her counseling resumed, Penman says.
"I wanted to kill him," Derek
says, but she drew pictures to
express her feelings rather than act
on them. "I suggested that she
work out her emotions through the
arts," Penman says. During counseling sessions, she and Derek
talked about the importance of
exchanging negative thoughts for
positive ones. Then, on her own,
Derek says she drew pictures,
wrote poetry, and put her most
intimate thoughts into a journal.

"She has such a talent for
expressing her emotions through
art," says Penman. "Victims of sexual assault or abuse often have
negative ideas about themselves
because of their attackers," she
says.

"They make you

feel really

bad," says Derek, who remembers
the beginning of her counseling

with

Penman when

she repeatedly

said, "I

hate me.

"You have

I

okin, with the profits going to the

hate me."

to talk

back

to

bad

says Penman, "that's
what makes people change." Derek
has become more assertive and,
consequently, has gained confidence in herself, says Penman.
On Easter Sunday, 1997, Derek
finally confronted her relative. Her
father had invited her relative to
church with the family. "I wasn't
going to go," she says, but she did,
and she saw her relative in the
church nursery.
"I told him, T want you to know
that I'm getting help for what you
did to me. I'm not going to let you
control my life anymore,'" Derek
says. She says her relative denied
everything, despite having reminded her of his actions a few years
thoughts,"

earlier.
"I

wanted

to

cry,"

Derek says,

held my head up high and
went to church." She says it felt
great to have finally confronted
him. Since then she says her
"but

I

thoughts have turned outward,
toward helping others.
"I want everybody to know that
help is out there," says Derek, "and
they can get it." Derek says she
wants to start speaking to groups at
other women's centers in the area.
She also volunteers at the Women's
Center of Columbia/ Montour counties. For two years, she has donated her talent for creating baked
goods and crafts, which she sells at
Ames department store in Sham-

Women's Center.
Her next project. Penman

says,

book of her art
she sells any of the

will be to publish a

and

poetry.

If

books, "I want the money to go to
the Women's Center," Derek says.

therapy, Derek seldom
she says, "I'm hardly
quiet!" As one of her favorite original drawings suggests, Carol Derek
is free as a bird. S

Before

talked.

Now

The Women's Center, Inc. of
Columbia /Montour is a private nonprofit agency. The Center is funded
by the Pennsylvania Coalitions
Against Rape and Domestic Violence,
the Pennsylvania Commission on
the
and Delinquency,
Crime
Bloomsburg, Danville, and Berwick
chapters of the United Way, and private and foundation donations. For
more information contact Grace
Penman at (570) 784-6631 or 1-800544-8293.

Beyond
Women's

Violence,
Center,

is

the

Berwick

also available to

victims of sexual assault. For more
information call (570) 759-0298.

>%•''

-Art by Carol Derek

Winter 2001

11

Victinis

Blinded by Trust
A date-rape victim looks

back

at her frightening experience

by Sheila Held

The

pale green thin robe
gaped open, allowing a cool

sending chills
have always hated
hospital gowns. The doctor's office
had that familiar antiseptic odor
and the smell disgusted me. It was
a gray, windy March day and I was
spending my Spring Break sitting
in my doctor's office for an
unusual check-up. Seven
months earlier I had been
draft

down my back.

in,
I

raped.

The doctor was explaining to

me

sex with him and, after
repeated protests he backed off.
Now I was having mixed feehngs
about this guy. I wondered what
kind of person he thought I was that
I would sleep with him on the second
date. I figured he would be mad and
wouldn't call me anymore anyway.

have

Surprisingly, he did

call.

I

was

a

the meantime,

I should have realized I needed to
have a friend or someone else that
I could trust with me, especially

since

guys

I
I

was stuck
didn't

Later,

process.

My
just

leave,

broke

all

my

parents' rules.

smoked

too

much;

I

too

much.

life

I
I

drank

head was

date

abruptly

we were going to
so we stumbled

out to his truck parked
in the lot behind the
apartment. After getting
in, things started moving very fast.

and I was
scared.
Being young and
rebeUious, I did some crazy
things that summer and
in

My

decided

graduated from high school.
College would be my next
step

full of

pretty hazy at this point.

August.

was 17 and had

room

spinning and I almost
passed out. Things were

I

could think about was that
horrible night back in
I

in a

know.

one of the guys passed
around a "joint" and, not
wanting to feel left out, I
took a few hits.
This,
combined with the alcohol, affected my thought

the tests she

would be performing. All

nervously took a
and nursed a

I

seat in an armchair
beer.

I
I

Immediately he began
me. Before I
knew it, I was half
naked. My shorts and
panties were wrapped
around the bottom of
kissing

Toward the end of the The effects of alcohol and marijuana may diminish a
summer, I met a guy who victim's ability to resist, but rape is still a violent crime
was kind of cute and no matter what the condition of the victim.
seemed really sweet.
my legs. I objected. It
Although he was more than four little hesitant, but put my fears didn't matter, though, since he
years older than me, he was aside and decided to go out with had already made up his mind,
intriguing. One night after work we
him again. I figured that he had protection or not. He was much
went out on a date. The night went gotten the message. However, I stronger than me and, in my state,
well and I was looking forward to
should have trusted my initial there was no use trying to overseeing him again.
instincts. I was naive.
come him. I closed my eyes and
A couple of days later, he called
Since our date was past my curwaited for it to be over.
to ask me out on a second date and
few, I had to sneak out and meet
I had always planned on my first
I immediately
accepted. I was
him in front of my house. For this time being something special.
excited and happy he called. We
date, we were going to his friend's
This was nothing special. I always
decided that we wanted to go to the
apartment to hang out.
thought that it would be somedrive-in movie theater to catch the
When we got to the apartment, I thing shared between two people
latest movie.
noticed there were only guys there.
who loved each other. Not like
While we were there, he tried to This made me a little uneasy. I this. Not here.
go further than kissing. I gave him
hoped some girls would eventually
I felt ashamed and used.
Up to
many reasons why I didn't want to show up so I didn't feel so alone. In that point, I had been a virgin and
12
Spectrum

Victims

now my innocence was

stolen from
Never had I experienced anything so humihating and degrading.

He

didn't use a knife or a gun.

—

ing

night in the pick-up truck. I placed
the blame on myself and continued
on, the guilt hanging over me.

became

self-destructive

"I closed

and

careless. In time this resulted in a

things that

much

on,

my

parents

for

it

them. They only wished that I hadn't waited so long to tell them.
Right away, my mother convinced me that it would be best to
see a doctor. I needed to make sure
that I had not been physically
harmed in any way.
Like many other victims of sexual abuse, I let my fears take over
and did not report anything to the
police or go to the hospital the
night I was raped. I was afraid

my eyes

and waited

deep depression. Every day was
worse than the previous one. I
finally hit bottom after I finished
my first semester and went home
for Winter Break.
Being around my friends made
me realize that I was having problems dealing with that night.
Repeatedly, they asked what was
wrong. It was getting too much for
me to handle. Finally, I broke my
silence by telling my best friend.
She knew this guy and said she
didn't believe that he would do
such a thing. Her not believing me

made

or understand-

urged me to see a counselor. They
were just as much in the dark as I
was. At this point, I didn't think
that anything could rescue me.
However, the counseling, along
with medication, allowed me to see
that I could, indeed, pick myself up

He

used a different weapon
trust.
In the upcoming months, I began
my freshman year at college. I didn't tell anyone what happened that

I

not knowing
what was going

Still

me.

that he might try something again
or that I would in some way be

to

be over."

ridiculed.
for four

I

lived with

ing the courage to

and rebuild

my

life.

It

was

a

painful, lengthy process.
I was able to go back to school for

the spring semester. I got some of
my previous failed grades changed
to incompletes. I was determined
to begin again.

When I returned home for Spring
Break, I was finally able to tell my
parents that I had been raped.
After seven months of living with
this secret, it was a release to tell

worse.

(gefc^afe

Ih

hk^i

I

my

secret

months before even gaintell

anyone.

now know what happened to me

was not my

fault,

but

it

could have

Had I
possibly been prevented.
known more about the signs to
watch for and who to talk to after it
had happened,
better

off.

I

would have been

S

Editor's Note: Sheila Held is a
senior at Bloomsburg University.
will graduate in May 2001 with
a B.A. in mass communications.

She

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s^niffhn^

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226 Center Street,
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TreeFestlOOO
The 12th .4miual Holiday Celebration

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to benefit

Adapted by James Goode
from the Peter Pan series of J.M. Barrie
Directed by Tom Bym

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Previews November 24, 25

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13

Victims

T

,)C

Desi
uest^ner

The

choice for a new'^^

breed of sexual predators
•.i>\

Y

wake up with a killer
headache, no clothes, no

'ou

memory, and

miliar place.

in

You begin

an unfato recover

your

belongings scattered across
the floor. You try desperately to be
quiet and not wake the stranger
sleeping in his bed. This is a situation that is becoming increasingly

more common.
While alcohol has often been stated
as the only contributing factor in

other areas have had is
because we do not have a real club
scene in town and clubs are usually
where these kinds of drugs are
found." While the use of GHB might
not be prevalent in the area, there
have recently been some arrests for
possession of the drug.

In early

September, Bloomsburg University
student Robert Shaffer was arrested for possession of large quantities
of GHB that he is alleged to have

many rape cases, "Designer
Drugs" have now been circulating the club,

college,

and

sexual abuse scenes. "Designer
Drugs" are made to copy the
effects of more addictive or seri-

can buy it but GHB (Gamma
Hydroxy Butyrate) and Rohypnol
(Eoofies) have just not been a problem for this community or universiI

think that the main reason

we

have not seen the explosion that

14

takes place. The production of GHB
as a medicine was later halted
because of its adverse side effects,
such as nausea, drowsiness, respiratory distress, dizziness, seizures,
amnesia, comas, and even reported
deaths, according to the National
Clearinghouse for Alcohol
and Drug Information. In the
early 1990s, the Food and
Drug Administration made it
illegal to possess or sell the
drug.

ous drugs and, as frightening
as it may be, are commonly
used for a "designated" purpose. The popularity of these
drugs has increased because of
their accessibility and low
prices. Since many of these
pills and liquids can be dissolved in drinks, they have
Many "designer" drugs are slipped into drinks
been the drugs of choice for a because they are soluble.
new breed of sexual predators.
According to the Bloorrisburg been manufacturing. "He was not
University Police and Bloomsburg
selling in the area. A lot of times
town police there have been very what these dealers will do is travel
few cases where it has been estab- to other places to sell so that it is
lished that a date rape drug was
harder for them to be caught. He
used. Sgt. Joe Wondoloski of the
was just making the stuff here,"
Bloomsburg town police said, "I says Wondoloski.
know that it is here and that you

ty.

drug was also used as a dietary supplement and was a favorite among
body-builders because it promotes
slow-wave sleep, which is when
muscle growth hormone release

GHB (Gamma

Hydroxy

Butyrate)

GHB, a new addition to the list of
commonly used date-rape drugs,
was originally used as a mild anesthetic in medical procedures. The

GHB can easily be placed in
someone's drink without his
or her knowledge because the
drug has neither smell nor
taste. A victim can fall asleep
within 20 minutes after a significant dosage. Along with
its
sedative effects, users
often experience memory loss
very quickly after consumption. The drug moves through
the human body very quickly and
can be completely out of a person's
system in 24 hours.
According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), GHB has been
linked to at least 58 deaths since
1990 and more than 5,700 recorded
overdoses. This drug is so dangerous that the U.S. House of
Representatives passed a bill that
would toughen the laws concerning
the possession and distribution of
this drug, and Pennsylvania included GBL (gamma butyrolactone).
Spectrum

Victims

a component in
list of

The

GHB,

to the state's

controlled substances.
efforts of this

new

legislation

America, Rohypnol is administered
to combat insomnia and to help drug
Studies
have shown that Rohypnol may lead
to an addiction of its own. Physical
addicts kick their habits.

have been to move GHB and its components from a Schedule IV drug to
the more serious
Schedule I category.
A Schedule I drug "[Ecstacy] is
must meet the following requirements:

everywhere.

(1)

a high potential for
abuse; (2) no currently accepted medical
use; and, (3) a lack of
accepted safety for
use under medical

stands
penalties
its

dissolvable pills will cause most
fall asleep; when combined
with alcohol and marijuana, the

users to

drug increase dramatcreating yet another scenario
for date-rape. A list of the usual
reactions includes extreme sleepieffects of the

ically,

and slowed

drug has
increased among a younger crowd
it

is

of

this

legal to possess the

nearly
it is
impossible for police to do field
tests to determine whether the

drug and because

drug has been ingested.
The largest problem areas for
this drug are in Florida and Texas
where the drugs are frequently
brought across the U.S. border.
Cases of high school children using
the drug are becoming so prevalent
become
have
"Roofies"
that
Florida's newest drug of choice.
Sold legally in Europe and Latin
Winter 2001

DEA.
While Rohypnol

currently falls under
the category of a
Schedule III drug, which means its
distribution must be recorded, the
DEA has been investigating the
possibility of placing the drug into
the Schedule I category, which
means the drug has a high potential for abuse and has no accepted
use in medical treatment.

Ecstacy
Another drug that has been associated with sexual assaults in
Also
(Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), Ecstacy
was first produced as an appetite
suppressant in 1914 and later used
in the 1970s by American psyrecent

motor skills.
Popularity

confusion and
according

irritability,

^^^^^^^^

131
still

in bubble packs, these

loss,

extreme anxi-

tension, restless-

to the

cases is Flunitrazepam, also known
as Rohypnol, Roofies, or roaches.
This drug is a strong sedative with
effects that are much like those of

memory

ety,

iflhadto."

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)
Another drug that has recently
become common among date-rape

because

in

ness,

the raising of the
against this drug because of
medicinal uses.

ness,

it

under an hour

of these criteria have
been proven, opposition

Valium®.
Packaged

headache, muscle

I

pain,

could get

supervision. While all

to

dependence is common for Rohypnol
users.
Withdrawal
symptoms include

known

years
as

is

Ecstacy.

is

the best feeling you have ever had.

just want everyone to hold and
touch you." In fact, many users of
this drug use it primarily in sexual

You

availability of this

researchers at Johns Hopkins
University have determined that the
use of the drug has long-term damaging effects to the areas of the brain
that control thought and memory.
Lab studies on rats have shown that
lowered
repeated doses of
the levels of a chemical messenger in
the brain called seratonin. Low levels of seratonin in the human body
have been linked to depression and
anxiety. When ingested, the drug
makes the user's sense of touch
According to a
increase greatly.
Bloomsburg University student, "it

MDMA

drug

is

becoming

increasingly easy with its explosion
on the club scene in big cities such
as New York and Philadelphia. "It
[Ecstacy] is everywhere. I could get
it

in

under an hour

another

BU

if I

student.

Reducing the

had

to,"

said

S
risk

of

substance-related rape

^

Do not

leave beverages

unattended.
'^

Do not take any

V

At a bar or

V

At parties, do not accept
open container drinks from

MDMA

chotherapists as an aid to therapy.
The drug has only been used recreationally since the mid 1980s, so little is known about its long-term
effects. In a study by the National
Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA),

Bloomsburg

Another

situations.

University student said, "the only
time that I use 'E' is when I am with
my girlfriend. It enhances the whole
sexual experience."
Ecstacy is a Class A drug under
the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, making possession, supply or producPossession of even a
tion illegal.
small number of tablets can lead to
"intent to deliver" charges. The

beverages,
including alcohol, from
someone you do not know
well and trust.
club, accept
drinks only from the bartender, waiter or waitress.

anyone.
"^

Be

alert to the behavior of

friends.

Anyone appearing

disproportionately inebriated
in relation to the amount of
alcohol they have consumed
may be in danger.
•^

Anyone who believes he or
she has consumed a sedativeshould be
driven to a hospital emergency
room or should call 911 for an
ambulance. Try to keep a
sample of the beverage for
like substance

analysis.

15

Victims

I

own home,

After being raped in her

77-year-old Betty Albright

is

Living in Constant Fear
bv Ken Fetterhoff
Albright. 77, says she
Betty
lives "in constant fear."

She remembers it as "the
worst experience of my life, my
freedom and my happiness wei'e
taken away from me." says
Albright,

who was

sexually assault-

lem

abuse continues to gi"ow." sa3''s
casework supei-visor at
the Ai'ea Agency on Aging.
"The Agency offers a 24-hour tollfree hotline that \dctims can call
and get help." The agency helps \dctims of abuse by pro\'iding legal
of

Kim

Shetler.

ed during a robbery attempt at her
home about seven years ago. "I
never thought ami:hing would happen to me in my own home but now
I know it could happen am-where."

and prevention progi-ams here." according to Kathleen
Russell, executive director of the
Women's Center. The certified
counselors at the Women's Center
help \dctims fight through anger
education

Albright says.
"I

was

so terrified

pened and

m never

said Albright.

"I fell

when

it

hap-

community

in Bloomsburg.

"^ly childi'en thought

good for

me

to

move

so

would be
could have

it

I

someone watch me." says Albright.
"The community has helped me a
dealing with the trauma."
of the elderly in the United
States, and particularly in the
Columbia-Montour region, is a growing problem. "We have a relatively
lai'ge older population and the prob-

lot in

Abuse

16

fear.

to the National Elderly
Association, 4.354 elderly abuse
cases were reported in the United
States in 1999. About 20 percent of
those reported were sexual abuse.
In 1990 a House of Representatives committee held special
hearings about the growing problem of elderly abuse. The committee addi-essed elderly abuse laws,
national hotlines, and agencies.
Many of the elder abuse laws are
written for the incapacitated or
vulnerable elder. Laws generally
consider incapacity or \ailnerablity
to suggest a client's inability to
defend, access help, verbally articulate concerns, or being so emotionally dependent that, while not rendering the person incompetent,
complicates his or her ability to
prevent abuse. Basically, a wheel-

According

asleep on the

the terrifying experience.
"I'm still tning to put it behind me
and move on." Albright says. "T tiy
and help out other people who have
been abused. Someone who has been
thi'ough a similai' experience and
moved on \\ith then- hfe can be a
gi'eat comfort," she said. "I try to let
other women know that it's going to
be okay and that there ai-e places to
turn to if they need help." she says.
Albright now lives at an assisted
li\TLng

and

forget that."

couch in front of the tele\dsion and
I heard a noise coming from the
back door. The next thing I remember, two guys were screaming at
me to be quiet and I won't get hurt.
I yelled for help and one of them hit
me with the end of a gun and that's
when they raped me." says
Albright, still \'isibly shaken from

any form of abuse to the Area
Agencj' on Aging regardless of age.
Columbia County offers several
ways for victims of elderly abuse to
turn for help. The Women's Center
in Bloomsburg offers progi'ams for
victims of elderh' abuse. 'We offer
counseling, group sessions, and

#3I£:R WIOI<.
3I£:»N'I€3R

a/flNTIEIR
The Berwick Senior Center, formerly
the Assembly of God Church, offers
counseling for victims of elderly abuse.
ser\dces, police protection, counseling,

health care treatment,

emergency

and

services.

Shetler says 243 elderly abuse
cases were reported in Columbia
and Montour counties between
July 1, 1999 and June 30. 2000. Of
the 243 cases. 15 percent were sexual abuse in some form. "We onljinvestigate reports of abuse for people 60 and over although we get
reports for all ages," Shetler saj's.
A 1997 mandatory reporting act
increased the number of reports
across the state. The law says that
any licensed facility, such as nursing homes, doctor's of&ces, hospitals, and law offices must report

chair-bound husband can abuse his
healthy wife and his wife would

come under

suspicion.

victim/witness program
was started in 1991 and assists victims in finding a witness to the
crime committed against them.

"The

"We

don't offer

any

specific

pro-

we can

help people find
someone to turn to,'' says Barrett.
"We do offer some education pro-

grams, but

Spectrum

Victims

grams coordinated with the
Women's Center designed specifically for abuse," Barrett says.

"My

works with the police

office

in

finding witnesses to every crime,
specifically violent

crimes where witnesses
may be
afraid to

come

for-

ment classes, as well as advocate
programs to benefit special

gathering place for seniors to come
and enrich their minds, talk to
interest.
friends, and continue a social life,"
"We offer various programs on says Johnson.
abuse, neglect, and rape to help
With the majority of the population now reaching
mnz.
the age of 50 and
over elderly abuse
will continue to rise.
a relatively
for

"We

ward."
"I look at my job
like
a
private
investigator trying to find a witness to substantiate
the crime,"
says Barrett, who

have

"A large amount of

large older population

and the problem of
abuse continues to

amount

grow.

heads a four-person
office
that
works for the dis-

of

elderly

abuse cases."

Kim

Local,

Shetler,

Area Agency on Aging

trict attorney.

The region

the population is
within five to ten
years from retiring,"
says Shetler. "This
could mean a significant increase in the

to

con-

state,

and

even federal agencies are beginning
recognize

this

ters in

people understand that

could

growing problem by
passing tougher laws. S

ville,

happen anywhere and for them to
know more about it," says Beth
Bloomsburg
Senior
Johnson,

For more information, contact the
Area Agency on Aging at:

senior cen-

tains

ville,

Bloomsburg, Benton, DanBerwick, Catawissa, MillWashingtonville, and Wil-

burton. The centers offer several
instructional and personal enrich-

it

Center Coordinator. "We are a

Spring

f
Semester

(570) 784-9272.

W^(M
2001

Tuesday, January 30

London

City

Opera

Carmen
Saturday, February 24

Driving Miss Daisy
Thursday, March 29

August Rising
Monday, April23

Baltimore Symnpiiony

Orchestra

Bloomsburg
UNIVERSITY

For

ticket information,

call (71 7)

Winter 2001

389-4409

17

Victims

RAINN hotline

Unlocking ^V^
in America a
sexually assaulted about every two minutes,
according to the U.S. Department
of Justice. In response, the Rape,
Abuse & Incest National Network
(RAINN) has become a powerful
force in America, providing support

woman

is

for victims.

In 1991, Tori Amos released her
debut solo album "Little Earth-

One particularly chilling
"Me and a Gun," is about her
own rape experience. Amos was
one of the first celebrities to come
forward and speak out openly
against rape. With lyrics of, "It was
me and a gun and a man on my
back, and I sang 'holy, holy' as he
buttoned down his pants," the song
moved thousands who had been
quakes."

track,

sexually abused to reach out to
for guidance. Realizing she
couldn't possibly deal with all of
them on her own, she went to her
label, Atlantic Records, for help. As
a result, RAINN was born.
RAINN is America's only national
hotline for sexual assault victims.
Persons who call the hotline, 1-800-

Amos

656-HOPE, are automatically connected to the rape crisis center
nearest them. The call doesn't show
up on their phone bill, so a victim
living in an abusive household can
get help without the call being discovered. All calls are completely
confidential and free support is
offered 24 hours a day from anywhere in the country.
The Women's Center, Inc. of
Columbia/Montour, one of more
than 850 centers nationwide affiliated with RAINN, receives 2-3 calls
a month, says Kathleen Russell, the
center's executive director.

18

The

cen-

ter

has a trained

crisis

counselor

available 24 hours a day, seven days

a week.

It is

is

to

RAPE,

ABUSE £

1-800

056

INCEST

HOPE

NETWORK

Headquartered in Washington,

RAINN

ment

aid,

receives no govern-

and is funded by the private sector and corporate sponsors,
including Atlantic Records and the
Warner Music Group. The network
also has

many celebrity

supporters,

including Sarah McLachlan's Lilith
Fair, Oprah Winfrey, Dru Hill,
R.E.M., and Jennifer Aniston.
Shoe designer Steve Madden, who
recently designed a shoe called the
"Tori

Amos"

to benefit

RAINN,

is

one of its biggest supporters.
Calvin Klein became involved
with RAINN in 1996 when his
company signed on to become a corporate sponsor.
In 1997, Klein
launched the "Unlock the Silence"
campaign to raise money and
awareness for the hotline.
The
campaign provided national advertising for

To raise awareness for RAINN's
cause, a

number

of television spots

—

„^„

NATIONAL

D.C.,

and

networks. In 1997, Lifetime Television, also a major supporter of
RAINN, aired a benefit concert featuring Amos at Madison Square
Garden. An episode of "Beverly
Hills 90210" that aired in May
1999 incorporated the RAINN hotline into its story. After the program, a public service announcement featuring actress Jennie
Garth generated 4,000 calls into
the hotline that night the highest
call volume ever recorded at one
time, according to RAINN.
Last
year, RAINN was featured on
ABC's "20/20." The report featured
three victims of sexual assault who
had been helped by RAINN.

a wonderful hotline
be commended," says
Russell. "RAINN is very efficient in
connecting a caller to a counselor."

S

Grisafi

Thompson

Christy

Bloomsburg and

in

784-6631.
is

by Matt

have been aired on major television

can also be reached locally at (570)

"RAINN

-

located at 111 North

Market Street

that

of

sexual abuse

^^

the Silence
Somewhere

helps victims

RAINN,

especially after

co-branded Calvin Klein/RAINN
began to appear in most major
department stores. Both Klein and
Madden are on RAINN's advisory
board, chaired by Amos.

The
also

organization's efforts have
been widely publicized on radio

stations nationwide.

According to

RAINN,

over 1,100 different stations
have aired their public service
announcements and participated in
National RAINN Day May 16. At
exactly noon on RAINN Day, TV and
radio stations across the country
aired a public service announcement
immediately followed by Amos' song,
"Silent All

awareness

These Years,"

to

raise

for sexual assault.

When RAINN was

founded in

1994, there were only 347 rape crisis centers involved in the network.
There are now more than 850 centers nationwide.

"A lot of times a woman may
become frustrated while trying to
get through to an ordinary hotline
and end up not getting the help she
needs," says Russell.
call

"When they

1-800-656-HOPE, they are con-

nected easily."

S
Spectrum

APPRECIATED
SECURITIES:
T.9

A Great

21"!«

Way To Give
A

charitable gift of appreciated stock

way to provide support for
of Bloomsburg University.

You

is

an effective

the educational mission

also enjoy valuable tax benefits:

an income tax deduction;
capital gains tax savings;

and

potential estate tax savings
I

-J

It's

a

way

to

make

a gift

and yet preserve your

cash for other purposes.
If

you have questions about

ideas, just contact us.

A

a stock gift or other gift

development

officer will

be

pleased to talk with you.
Tax benefits generally apply to
,53

USA

taxpayers.

96

For information without obligation contact:

Development Center
400 East Second Street • Bloomsburg, PA 17815-1301
Phone: 570-389-4128 • Fax: 570-389-4945 • foun@bioomu.edu

Predators

r44a

An

inmate

reveals^ his sto

froni inside H i't/HK,„^
e

Waymart

a small counseling room off
of the four sex offender
units at the State Correctional Institute at Waymart, a 34-

Inone

year-old convicted pedophile sits
next to sex offender therapist
Jeanie Pavlovich, and talks about
his sex crimes against a 14-year-old
girl.

The man agreed

to tell his

story in exchange that his

name

and appearance not be used,

"to

protect the identity of his victim."
Convicted on a felony charge of
involuntary deviate sexual inter-

Prison

now and then at Pavlovich.
Six years ago he was a full-time
prep school swim coach and was
ly

conducting a swim

clinic where he
met 14-year-old "Jill." Soon he was
her summer swim club coach. By
fall, he had convinced her to join
his winter swim team. "It didn't
seem manipulative at the time," he
says, "We became very close." He

says he never experienced prior
sexual fantasies about children,
and thought he was developing
"feelings" for her.

course and a misdemeanor on corruption of minors, he is serving
three and one-half years of his
maximum seven and one-half year
sentence. He is currently paroled
and awaiting his release back into

home with her swim

society'

discussions

As he tells his story, he crosses
an ankle over his knee and picks
at the pant leg of his brown

including talks

prison uniform, glancing nervous-

20

As
ling

a

Jill's

and

diet,

coach, he

"dad-like"

became

control-

—putting her on

a weight lifting program,

and mandatory weigh-ins.
As Jill began calling her coach

at

times, their

became more personal,
about her boy-

One night, she told him she
had a dream about him.
"I figured it was something bad,"
friends.

-^^^

he said, "but, I told her to tell me
about it anyway. She said she
dreamt about having sex with me."
He says he began distancing himself from his own age group, becoming a loner.

Two months

before

he had broken off his
relationship with his peer-age girlfriend. He started hanging out with
students from the prep school
shooting pool, playing hockey, and
meeting

Jill

going out to eat after swim meets.
"I had low self esteem," he says,
'Taut, when I was on the pool deck I

was in command and outgoing. I
was only comfortable with age
groups 6 to 18. It was like I could
only relate to them."
Phone conversations between
coach and student became more
intimate and personal. They talked
about being together and kissing
for the first time. He had her call
him collect late at night so her parents wouldn't find out. He enjoyed

Spectrum

Predators

what he claims was a good relationship with her parents, and says
they trusted him to drive her to
and from meets and practices.
"At this time I'm not thinking
illegal," he says, " I'm
thinking about unethical."
But, he crossed that line too. He
bought Jill a dolphin ring that led
to the first kiss in the weigh-in

immoral or

station.

"My

first

reaction

is,

'what

am

I

doing?' he says, 'Taut she started

kissing

me back and

everything

amazing how careful you can become when you're
manipulating a situation." Jill's
parents were waiting outside in the

seemed OK.

It's

car for her to finish practice.

He

continued grooming Jill, buying her presents, giving her swim
equipment, and even introducing
her to an Olympics swim coach.

One day

after practice

when he was

take Jill home, they found themselves alone in the weight room.
"We kissed for a little bit and
then we laid down on the floor," he
to

says, "that's

when I had intercourse

boyfriend and

I

thought about

suicide."

But the relationship continued
and he and the girl had sex several
times once while she was babysit-

—

ting at another coach's house, twice
during private pool instruction,
and twice after practice when he

drove her to the park.
As their encounters increased,
the gifts became more expensive.
He gave her a $100 necklace that
he said was "to keep her quiet."

Soon he became more careless. At
Christmas time, he asked Jill's
mother if Jill could help decorate
his

tree.

Jill's

little

sister

came

along.
"I

car

told the sister to go start the

and that we'd be right

there,"

he says, "then I molested Jill and
performed oral sex on her for the
first time. She started to perform
oral sex on me, but stopped right
away. She didn't want to do it."
He claims he never forced Jill to
do anything she didn't want, and
that all the sexual encounters were
unprotected.

cousin called her mother. It
wasn't long before Jill's father
called him with an ultimatum: quit
coaching, get tested for all sexual
diseases, and never call or contact
Jill again or else face criminal
Jill's

charges.

The next day he quit his two
coaching jobs, went for testing, and
checked into a mental health facility. He requested that his social
worker call Jill's parents and offer
to pay for any counseling Jill might
need. Jill's parents took her to the
hospital, where the hospital reported the incident to the police. He
was arrested from the mental
health clinic.
At the court sentencing, Jill said
that "she didn't want any of this to
happen."
"I was very angry at first because
I thought it was consensual and
she loved me," he says. "I thought
she was saying that to make herself look good."

But after three and a half years
SCI Waymart's sex offender program, he said he knows there was

in

my head I'm thinking
she's my girlfriend, not about
"In

going to

about

was worrying
needs at any cost."

jail... I

my

with her for the first time."
Afterward, he told Jill that if she
told anyone he would lose his job,
impl3dng that she would also lose
all the attention she was receiving
and possibly her swimming goals
for the national team.
"In my head I'm thinking she's
my girlfriend, not about going to
jail," he says, adding, "she called
to say she was going back to her

Winter 2001

"I'm thinking that I care; I didn't
think or worry about protection,"
he says, adding, "I was worrying
about my needs at any cost."
The price came high on New
Year's Eve when the girl, who was
staying at her cousin's house,
called him to ask if she could spend

the night at his. He refused. Jill
told her 17-year-old cousin about
her relationship with him, and

nothing consensual about his relationship with Jill. He says he struggled with that for a long time in

group therapy and it wasn't until
he heard another inmate telling a
similar story that he realized how

wrong

it was.
"Did she say the word 'yes' and
did she mean the word 'yes?"' he
asks, saying, "I was the biggest one
saying it was consensual, but if you

21

J

Predators

are raped and j'ou don't struggle it
doesn't mean you weren't raped."
He has a bachelor's degi'ee in psychology, and says he knows now that
all the grooming
the gifts, the special attention
was about "power,
control and manipulation."
That power, he says, was a reflection of his own family life. His
father was an alcoholic and very
controlling. In his family, "love
equaled gifts but, the words just
weren't there."
But it took more than words to get
him paroled. Therapist Jeanie

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pened.'

We

don't let

them

get

away

with that in "Group," Pavlovich
says, pointing out, "a pedophile
plans it, it never 'just happens."'
He says at first he started therapy to be eligible for parole and
hated his therapists, but soon realized the "quality of life" wouldn't be
as good on the outside without
counseling. He says therapy has
helped him realize all the ramifications that can happen to every
aspect of a child's life.
"School, mental health,
disorders, guilt,

—

and peer

Friday
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Pavlovich says her goal in
teaching inmates is to keep society safe. But, she also says, "Sex
offenders are not curable
just treatable."

22

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-

Iron Street Bloomsburg,

9.
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The

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policies for text
merchandise returns.

University Store repur-

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of the retail price. Textbooks
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900pm
Phone 389-028

wwwjakuntalaxom

Spectrum

Predators

Youth
by Theresa Wagner

watching your child onHne?
the Internet,
pedophiles no longer need
to lurk behind the bushes
at the local playground. Now they
lurk in chat rooms, picking and
choosing children who will follow

Because

of

their orders.
Photos are sent back and forth on
the net between pedophiles, most of
the time being logged into each
other's

personal collections, says

computer crime specialist State Tpr.
John Nelson of the Embreeville barracks. He adds that most of the
trades occur through Internet Relay
"The availability of
Chat (IRC).
child porn is increasing because of
the Internet," says Nelson. "It has

become easier to obtain."
State Tpr. Greg Daily computer
crime specialist at the Hazelton
barracks, says pedophiles develop a
trade ratio. "One will say to the
other, T will let you upload 150 pho-

from my library if you give me
300 from yours.' This is how most

tos

of them work."

come

A lot of these photos

into the U.S. from other coun-

says Daily About 80 percent
of the photos seen in his cases are
those passed back and forth

tries,

between libraries.
There are pedophiles, however,
whose purpose is to meet and have
sex with children. There is no "typ-

ical" predator,

says Daily. They can
If the
elderly.

be juveniles or the

relationship between the child and
pedophile "grows," it could result in

a personal encounter between the

pedophile

and the victim says

Nelson.

The FBI recently stepped into the
cyber realm, having agents pose as
children in chat rooms or as adults
asking for pornographic photos to
catch pedophiles in the act. Once
in the chat room, the agents target
people willing to travel to have sex
with a child. This is where people
are caught since it is a federal
offense to cross state lines to have
Possession of
sex with a minor.
child pornography is a third degree

felony in Pennsylvania.
At the federal level, possession of
child pornography leads up to a

$250,000 fine or imprisonment of
no more than 15 years, or both.
prior conviction to possession of child pornography fines up

With a
to

$250,000 and imprisonment for

5-30 years are possible.
Although pedophiles

are being
caught, there are obstacles. Daily
says technical advances in computers give pedophiles an edge over
"They're always
the authorities.
finding new ways to hide their files

and

identities,"

he says.

Children often become involved
with pedophiles because they show
affection and attention children do
not get at home. Gifts, toys, phone
calls, and concern tempt the children says Nelson.
The FBI advises parents to keep
the computer in a common room in
the house, not the child's bedroom.
Available tools to block pornographic sites include Cyberpatrol,
Netnanny and Surf Watch. Some
Internet Service Providers (ISPs),
including PenTeleData and Epix,
provide services to block specific
sites. Epix provides a link for account holders to download Cyberpatrol from their homepage for $25.
Many pedophiles believe Internet
patrols infringe upon their First

Amendment

rights.

According to

Wallingford (1989), rights
are not infringed. At the time,
inmate Dale E. Harper believed the
confiscation of his mail, consisting of
a membership application and a

Harper

v.

bulletin from the

New

York-based

North American Man/Boy Love
Association

(NAMBLA),

violated his

However, the court ruled
this mail was against Washington
State Penitentiary policy that
allows the restriction of mail, which
rights.

threatens prison security.
officials

Prison

behoved NAMBLA's avoca-

23
Winter 2001

Predators

between adult
and juvenile males put inmates at
risk who were sexually abused as
tion of relationships

children or "encourage pedophiles
[to] act in an aggressive way toward
younger or weaker inmates."

NAMBLA

are
greeted with a voice mail
recording stating the organization is a non-profit
political and educational
organization engaging in
"consensual intergeneracallers

tional relationships."

1-

The

association claims it doesn't condone violence and/
or coercion in these rela-

but provides
support for people oppressed because of their
tionships,

relationships.

NAMBLA may not condone violence but the
actions of its

members

is

a reflection on the organization, says Anne Cox,

founding

member and

director of the Children's

Protection and Advocacy
Coalition
(CPAC). "A
number of
members have criminal

NAMBLA

records."

Cox

says.

The

CPAC

has received messages from some who claim to have
been sexually assaulted by NAMBLA members. She adds the CPAC
has received calls and written communication from attorneys, prosecutors, law enforcement officers,
along with family and friends of
children sexually assaulted by

NAMBLA members. Several calls
NAMBLA were not returned.

to

Cox also believes the criminal
records of some
members lead readers and other members to think it's acceptable to
molest children. When members of
a group have their eyes on an
unlawful activity, and some leaders
have records themselves, a climate
of acceptance is encouraged says
Cox. According to the NAMBLA
web site, "present laws, which
focus only on the age of participants ignore the quality of their

NAMBLA

relationships.
ly

opposed

NAMBLA is

strong-

to age-of-consent

laws

and other restrictions which deny
men and boys the full enjoyment of
their bodies."

Just as

NAMBLA

tries to justify

enough factual evidence to support
his claims and was dismissed.
But in 1996 the New York legislature dissolved "the corporate existence of Zymurgy, Inc." According
to the bill, Zymurgy "acted fraudu-

Predators

and New York

addresses

for

NAMBLA.
The

says

site

NAMBLA

was

formed in 1978 'Tsy the success of a
campaign based in Boston's gay
community to defend against a

The goal is to
end "extreme oppression of men
and boys in mutually consensual

local witch hunt."

relationships."

Their membership

is

open

"to all

individuals sympathetic to man/boy
love in particular and sexual freedom in general." There are five different membership options in the

from $35 annually

U.S., ranging

$1,000 for

to

life.

A NAMBLA publication, Boys
Speak Out on Man /Boy Love can
be ordered from the site. The book
consists of letters and articles by
young boys ranging in age from 1
to 24. Titles include It Shouldn't be

a Crime

to

Make Love by

Bryan

12-year-

and

Sex is Really
Beautiful with my Friend by 13old

year-old Dennis.
The site holds quotes from notables like playwright Oscar Wilde,

the child protection age from 16 to
18, and authorized wiretaps to aid
in seizing equipment, profits, and
pictures of the children owned by
the pedophiles. U.S. Customs and
the Postal Service have also helped
in aiding this operation by intercepting international mail, since
Stanley v. United States (1996).
Lawrence A. Stanley had child
pornography seized from his home
in New York by a U.S. postal
inspector. He believed this was a
violation of his First

the items were
for a research project, but the court
found him unqualified as a
researcher. He denied ownership
of the items, but still wanted them
returned. Stanley was a member of
NAMBLA. The U.S. district court
for the eastern district of New York
court ruled for the U.S. and ordered
the items forfeited.
Online are many web pages dedicated to the crackdown on child
pornography. One such organization

the

is

Anti- Child

Movement (ACPM).

supposedly advocating boy love.
Although Wilde was gay, it was
never known if he had a boy lover.
Another organization, the Rene

Guyon

Society, shocks

many with

Amendment

He claimed

rights.

Its

Porn

web

site

Other agencies, including the
Regional Task Force on Internet
Crimes Against Children in Maine,

New Hampshire, and Vermont; and
the FBI's Northeast Regional Child
Exploitation Task Force in New
Jersey have formed Internet investigation units.

Portsmouth and Keene, New
Hampshire, police departments in
1997 were awarded a $300,000 federal justice department grant to
combat Internet child exploitation,
resulting in the Regional Task
Force on Internet Crimes Against
Children. In January 2000, their
law enforcement project came to an
end, with arrests of more than 200
criminals, six of whom were from
Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania had 81 of the 4,079
substantiated reports of sexual
injuries to children related to
pornography in 1999 according to
the Department of Pubhc Welfare's
Child Abuse Annual Report.
These reports had either judicial
ruling or regional staff investigations. This number does not include

Pornographic Injuries

iiy

Age,

Substantiated, 1999

its

motto "Sex Before Eight or it's too
There isn't a lot of informa-

Late!"

on it in the cyber realm. Much of
the information heard about this
group is filtered through oth-er
tion

groups, like

The

CO

e

NAMBLA.

child

porn industry and

groups, such as NAMBLA, have
also thrown around the word

"entrapment."
"These cases are no different
Daily says,
than drug busts."
"They just have a misunderstanding of the word 'entrapment'."
Agents posing in chat rooms do not
ask to have sex with the suspects.
The adults they talk with online
lead the conversations. The FBI is
not coercing the predators into anything, says Cox.
The Child Protection Act, passed
in 1984, made it illegal to trade pictures of children. It also increased

Winter 2001

5-9

*The
says
tion

and

it's

10-14

Pa. Dept. of Public Welfare

"an investigative organizaadvanced technology

[using]

skilled individuals to dig

up

on the people who
create child pornography and distribute it under the pseudo-anonysolid information

mous cover of the net." It passes its
information to legal authorities.

15-17

Annual Report on Child Abuse, 1999
cases thrown out for lack of evidence.
"The positives far outweigh the
negatives on the Internet," says

Cox pointing out children are getting an education exploring the
It's just a shame that
Internet.
some people take advantage of
these kids.

S
25

L

df Lenders

:£x
Striding down

the corridors
State Correctional
Institute (SCI) at Waymart,
Jeanie Pavlovich, 29, calls out
greetings to inmates as they walk
by in their brown prison uniforms
with white DOC (Department of
Corrections) letters on the back.
"How are you doing today? How's
Group going?"
She stops to talk to one inmate,
of the

"Remember, this is your last
chance. The next time, it's life," she
reminds him. He's a two-time
felony sex offender under the
"three

The

strikes

you're out"

policy.

120-pound Pavlovich is in charge of paroles and
mental health treatment of about
250 sex offenders. She's a woman of
power in a prison of men.
"Sex offenses are primarily about

26

five-foot-five,

power and control and

that's

what

we take away from

the inmates in
group therapy," Pavlovich says.
The state sex offender program

was

first

implemented

at

Waymart

Every inmate

is

assigned to a

manager and counselor and
each is evaluated annually and
unit

reclassified
ification

is

necessary. Reclassusually prompted by

if

in 1990, a year after then- Governor

misconduct and breaking of institu-

Robert Casey converted the former
Farview State Hospital for the
Criminal Insane into a correctional

tional rules, he says.

institution. Today, the prison hous-

es

more than 1,300 inmates

—500

whom

are sex offenders.
"Sex offenders are a major group
here," says Ron Richards, executive
assistant to the superintendent.
"Ten years ago most inmates were
alcohol and drug offenders from big
cities, like Philadelphia and Reading; Blacks, Hispanics, in their
early 20s," Richards says, adding,
of

"Today we have more white males
with the average age of 42."

Before sex offenders can be recfor parole, they must go
through three phases of group therapy with a trained sex offender
therapist. Pavlovich, a psychologi-

ommended

cal services specialist at

Waymart

has a master's degree
in counseling from the University of

for four years,

Scranton. "They're going to get out
eventually," says Pavlovich, adding,

we don't help them here, they're
going to reoffend in the communities they're going back to."
About 200 miles west of Waymart
is SCI Rockview, Belefonte, home
"if

Spectrum

Predators

—

inmates 375 of whom are
sex-related criminals. Jack Allar,
50, correction unit manager, sits in

to 1,900

a small conference room off the

main

room

visitation

where

At Rockview, keeping the responon the offender is important

sibility

in the

inmates meet with their families.

When

a 30-year veteran in the
social services with 200 hours of

was

Allar,

sexual

assault

worked

training,

has

SCI Rockview

at

for 18
a master's degree in
counseling from Penn State Uni-

years.

He has

and is co-founder of the sex
offender program implemented at
Rockview in 1985. Allar echoes
Pavlovich's concept of the program "Without treatment sex
offenders are very likely to reoffend," he says, but points out,
versity,

—

"Treatment
can't treat

is

voluntary and you
is not open

someone who

denial stage, Allar says.

Some inmates have excuses
"she was 13 but she looked

like
20."

the offender says the victim
"not really a child", they raise

the age level of the child and the
opposite is also true, says Allar.
"Saying T feel more comfortable
with kids,' lowers the offender's age
level," he points out.
It is at this stage that cognitive
thinking plays a role.
"We challenge their thinking and
show them that outside influences
didn't cause them to commit
crimes; the cause really comes from
the choices they make," Allar says,
adding, "when they deny their
I tell them, 'you guys are
dangerous S.O.B.s you hurt people."' If there is no denial, there is
no sex offender program and the
inmate is sent back to the general

crimes,

—

to treatment."

The two prisons have

identical

approaches to treatment using a
state-structured program of threephases of cognitive/behavior therapy. Phase I is a 12-week orientation
plan with a "core" group of 12

inmates led by a staff therapist.
Inmates discuss the details of their
criminal acts. The goal is to work
though their denial and admit to
their crime, Pavlovich says.
"Very few that come in say
the whole truth of their

population and usually does his
maximum sentence, Allar says.
Phase II of the sex offenders program is autobiography, victim
empathy, and relapse prevention.
"You treat what created the whole
process in the beginning." Pavlovich

what is healthy or not."
As many as 80 percent of inmates

ing

the voluntary treatment proas children,
Pavlovich says, noting, "It's a combination of what they learned." One
inmate had sex with his mother at
14, another was taught by his
brother how to have sex with a cow.
According to Pavlovich, one inmate
serving a 30 to 60-year sentence
used his four-year old daughter as
his sex slave, made her eat his
feces, drink his urine, as well as
perform every sex act imaginable.
"He thought it was normal behavior
he was treated like that,"
Pavlovich says, stating, "The likelihood is that he will never get out."
She says it's difficult to work with
sex offenders, but just the chance
that they may get out some day is
the reason for rehabilitation.
Some inmates are second and
third generation offenders, Richards says "they think it's OK
behavior." Pavlovich recalls a second-generation sex offender who
had sex with his stepdaughter that
continued into her 20s.
Allar, too, has seen his share of
sex abuse cases and remembers
in

gram were molested

—

—

^_

"Some inmates

offense,"

adding,

am

Pavlovich

"I tell

them

them how mad

and third generation

they lie about
their crimes, and ask them
'how would you feel if that
was your mother?"'
During the denial stage,
pedophiles are likely to minimize their crimes. Pavlovich
recalls one prisoner who
admitted to having two victims a 9-year-old male and a
10-year-old female. He claimed he
fondled one child and had oral sex
with the other one on only one occaI

at

are second

says,

if

offenders

—they think

it s

OK behavior."

—

sion for each victim.

The

official file

reported he committed numerous
offenses against both victims.
Den3dng the frequency, amount of
harm caused, or the severity of the
crime are excuses used to explain
their actions, Pavlovich says.

Winter 2001

Ronald Richards,
Exec. Asst. to Superintendent

SCI Waymart

An entire autobiography is
done on each sex offender starting
says.

digging into
life with
their family to sexual development,
continuing through adulthood until
their present incarceration.
"Treatment is tough," Allar says,
"A group of people discussing their
sexual turn-ons or cues and learnin

early childhood,

their deepest secrets, from

being angry toward an inmate who
attempted to have sex with his own
two-year-old daughter.
"When controlling these issues,
you have to be aware of your own
feelings and keep them out of the
therapeutic process," he says. Once
during group therapy, Allar says,
an inmate described waking up and
finding a young girl unzipping his

27

I Predators

pants and said
the

had

girl

it

wasn't his fault

initiated the sexual

him he should have
reacted the same way as if he had
found her going through his wallet
and stealing his money," Allar
says.
Part of the therapy in phase II is
victim empathy.
"We put the perpetrator in their
victim's shoes," Pavlovich says. It's
the most effective point in treatment, she says. Exercises include
drawing a crime scene as if they
were watching, listening to 911
calls of victims in distress, writing
contact. "I told

"mock" letters

to their victims,

and

doing exercises in self-esteem. In
behavioral therapy and relapse
prevention, inmates learn to recognize "red flags" that lead to sex
crimes. Allar says some offenders
seek out women with small children. Others cruise the streets
looking for vulnerable kids as in
the case of a professor who thought
he was helping them by giving
them food or money for sex, Allar
says.

Phase

III is getting

sex offenders

ready to go back into society. The
goal is to get the prisoners to
respond to urges and stop actions
before they start. Inmates also
learn how to prepare resumes,
answer felony questions on job

and write checks.
believe the urge never ends,"

applications,

"We

Allar says, "If you don't control it, it
will control you. Sexual desire is
one of the strongest urges you can
have. It's a lifetime process and it's
not curable." But the act of "grooming" children gradually teaching,
easing them into the sexual
process can be a matter of minutes or years, Pavlovich says.
Offenders will do or say anything to
get close to their victims, including
trust,
gifts,
special privileges,
telling them secrets, and elevating
their status. Some will use force or
threats, others will beg and cry for
forgiveness to keep the child from
telling. According to state law,
every sex offense is a violent
offense; to Pavlovich, "every sex

—

—

28

SCI

Waymart

Prison Yard

Waymart, Pennsylvania
offender

is violent."

An alarming

misconception

is

that sex offenders are often stereotyped as violent, drug addicts, losers, or mentally ill. In reality, most
sex offenders are neighbors, community leaders, teachers, or family
members, Allar says.
"There's no stereotypical type,"
he says, "It cuts across the entire
spectrum of the population Boy
Scout troop leaders, welfare recipients, foster parents, physicians,

—

and

professors."

Some

sex offenders choose their
profession because they have access

Pavlovich says, adding,
"in most cases the sex offender is
known usually a family member
or neighbor someone they trust."
to children,

—

—

Former WNEP-TV newscaster
Mike Rennick is serving a three to
six-year sentence at Rockview.
Rennick was convicted in 1995 in
Lackawanna county court on nine
charges stemming from the indecent assault of a 12-year-old boy
and his younger brother. He was
also convicted in Luzerne county
court on six counts of indecent
assault, three counts of corruption

and one count of endangering the welfare of children,
receiving 6-24 months in jail.
According to newspaper accounts,
he used fake press credentials to
of minors,

gain entrance into swimming
events so he could take pictures of
teen-age boys in their swim suits.
His apartment, according to court
records, also included sexually
explicit

magazines and sex-related

paraphernalia. After Rennick is
released from prison, he will begin
serving a 15-year probation as a

known

child offender.

Of the 375 sex-related criminals
at Rockview, Allar says that about

75 percent had child victims and up
to 75 percent
hol. "Alcohol

used drugs, or alconever causes sexual

abuse," Allar says, pointing out, "It
inhibitions and is
used by offenders as a ready-made
excuse."
Victim gender also plays a role in
sex abuse cases. Statistics show
that slightly more girls (1 in 4) are
abused than boys (1 in 6). But,
Pavlovich says, girls are more likely to come forward. Boys don't want
to be labeled as homosexuals or
admit that they allowed someone to
violate them and couldn't stop it
from happening, she says.
At Waymart, it takes about two
years to complete phase II of the
sex offender program and inmates
at the state level usually do only 80
percent of their time before they
are considered for parole, Pavlovich
says. During parole, sex offenders
just represses

Spectrum

Predators

Shepperson says an inmate on
work-release from the Danville jail
for the past three years, just finished a five-year county term for
aggravated indecent assault and
August.
last
released
was
Shepperson says the inmate
attended sex offender classes for
six months, but quit because of
work release. He was going to max
out his time and wasn't required to
attend classes, Shepperson says.
Two men, Francis E. Crossley, 53,
convicted of molesting a three-yearold boy in

1995 and Thomas

J.

Welliver, 22, convicted of molesting
a seven-year-old girl in 1999, both

must continue the sex offender
treatment and remain drug and
alcohol free, reporting regularly to

parole officers. They must stay
away from children and register
with police. But, as Pavlovich
points out, if the inmate plea-bargains down to a lesser charge of
endangering the welfare of a child,

broke parole in June by allegedly
failing to attend sex offender classes and then having contact with
children. Crossley pleaded guilty
in 1998 to indecent assault, and
was sentenced to 10- 23 months in
county jail by Judge Scott Naus. In
August, Judge Naus sent Crossley
back to jail for six months. His
alleged parole violations included
living in a house with children, failing to attend sex offender classes,

and

failing

to

register

under

he doesn't have to register with
Megan's Law even if he molested
or raped someone. If inmates are
sentenced to less then two years,
they max out their time and don't
have to go through the sex offender
program, she says, adding, "that's
why it's so hard to get statistics of

—

Winter 2001

program

is

stiU in "its infancy," says

Columbia, Montour, Snyder, and
Union counties (CMSU) Department Administrator Richard Beach.
Inmates at both the Bloomsburg
jails are treated by
sex offender program that
began in January 2000.

and Danville

CMSU's

sex offender

is

a
—
family member or
neighbor— someone

known

usually

they trust."

get county time unless they're high
profile cases." Most county jail
maximum sentences are 23-1/2

"But, they can do longer sentences in
the county jail if the judge allows it."

—

"In most cases the

recidivism rates."
Most cases get tied up in plea
bargains in local counties, Allar
says, noting, "a lot of sex offenders

months, Richards says, adding,
sometimes the District Attorney
has a "weak case" or wants to
"spare the victim from testifying."
The perpetrator can plead guilty to
a lesser offense and the case doesn't go to trial, he says.
"Anything over 24 months is usually a state sentence," says Mon-tour
County Sheriff Fred Shepper-son.

us nothing for keeping inmates
here, and if they are given state
time they should go to the state."
Shepperson says prisoners spend
time in county jail awaiting sentencing. He says Rule 1100 calls for
a speedy trial within six months
but, if the judge grants an extension to the perpetrator, he can get
around Rule 1100. By the time he
comes up for trial, the time served
counted so sentences are
is
maxed out at the county level,
Shepperson says. Inmates cannot
be paroled unless they go through
sex offender counseling, but if they
max out their time, they're not
required to attend classes, he adds.
Cutchall believes inmates would do
better at the state level because of
better sex offender programs.
However, the county sex offender

Jeanie Pavlovich,
Psychological Services Specialist

SCI waymart

Megan's

Law

provisions.

He

pled

attend sex
offender counseling in exchange for
dropping the other violations.
"What's really sad about state to
guilty

to

failing

to

county time," says Deputy Warden
Gerald Cutchall of the Montour

County

jail, "is

that the state gives

"We're not officially established
Beach says, adding, "we are

yet,"

looking at different models to base
our program on." The current program has 20 sex offenders on an
outpatient basis (five are teenagers) and a group therapist visits
the jails. Right now, the program is

29

Predators

rectional
tion for

institu-

women.

Worksheet #2c

She says the sex
offender program

LEVELS OF DENIAL
Denial
Responsibility

do

didn't

I

my fault.
She made me do

at the time.

wasn't

was drunk

I

used at Muncy is
different than that
of their male coun-

tt.

was out of the country

I

It

—

I

it.

didn't

know what was
I

doing.

terparts.

Intent

"I didn't want to
run a male pro-

happened.
didn't want it to happen, things just got out of
control.
just

It
I

Harm
did

I

It.

birt

it

didn't hurt

It

didn't hurt her, certainly not as

me when was

bad as they say.

gram

abused.

I

Frequency
did

I

it.

she says, adding,
not effective
for
a
program

but only 2 or 3 times, not the 10 times he says.

"It's

Intrusiveness
only fondled him.

I

didn't

I

sodomize him, no matter what he says.

Fantasy

based on females."

abused

children, but the thought of it disgusts me.
never get turned on when think about it.

I

I

for females,

Doebler, founder

I

Minimization

of the sex offender

only touched her.

I

It

wasn't a big deal.

program, uses a
phase program

Admission
I

did

It's
I

five

it.

my

responsibility.

did everything he said

I

did,

1

there are things

I

compared

to the
three phase at the

did that he

didn't mention.

I'm sure

I

hurt him, though

I

don't

know how

badly.

She must be very confused, hurt, upset, and scared
Even though hurt him. sometimes still get turned

male

I

I

think about

A worksheet used

by inmates

in SCI

tims

Waymart's sex

many

offender program.

and
focused on education and therapy,
Beach says, adding, "unless they
are in a long term program, the
chances of re-offending are quite
high."

Although the majority

of sexual

predators are male, women are no
exception. In 1995, a woman from
California who was staying in
Danville was charged with rape,
forcible compulsion, statutory rape,
aggravated indecent assault without consent, indecent assault without consent of others, and corruption of minors against a 14-year-old
boy. Shepperson recalls her being
extradited from California and
returned to Danville to face
charges. She pled nolo contendre
(no contest) and received 11-1/2 to
23 months for statutary sexual
assault. She got credit for 344 days
already served and relocated to
CaHfornia in 1997.
Sex crimes committed by women
are less violent and coersive, says
Barbara Doebler, chief psychologist
for 10 years at SCI Muncy, a cor-

30

facilities.

She

says the program
differs in that a
large majority of
the women are vic-

i

it,

extra therapy.

Intergenerationally predisposed. Generations of family

and history of sexual
habits within the family.
incest

typology into why
offend is a new field and
few places in the state hold female
sex offenders, says Doebler, adding,
"Most woman are put into the male

Research

women

program."
Even with treatment, sex offenders

are like diabetics

who

can't

have chocolate, or an alcoholic who
can't have a drink, says Allar,
pointing out that parents need to
take more responsibility in educating and raising their children.
Pavlovich agrees, adding that
teaching children about the issue is
a way to help avoid molestation.
"Children need to know that no
matter what the offender says to
them, they need to tell an adult
what is going on," she says, adding,
"they need to know that they are
safe."

themselves
times over
that

"It's difficult

means

to under-

stand what you've done to someone
else or the impact you've made
unless you can come to understand
what happened to you," she says.
The prison houses 863 inmates;
37 are sex offenders. Like men,
woman are motivated to attend sex
offender therapy to be elegible for
parole, Doebler says. That isn't the
only similarity, she says, pointing
out, the nature of the crimes is similar
oral sex, intercourse, and sex
with a mentor.
One of the biggest differences in
the programs, says Doebler, is that
women offend for different reasons
than men. She notes a least three
patterns or characteristics that
define a female sex offender.

"We

believe the

urge never ends. If

you
it

don't control

it,

will control you."
Jack Allar,
Correction Unit Manager

SCI Rockview

—

The teacher/lover category.
Someone who instructs a child
sexual matters, gradually
introducing them to sex.
in

Male

coerced.

Women who

are

abused by men, physically or
verbally.

Safeguarding your kids

is

what

about, Allar says. The
worst thing a parent can do is to
farm their children out to babysitters and organized care, he says.
Allar recalls his own experience
as a soccer coach when parents
would come, drop their kids off
it's

all

and

leave.

"Pedophiles are very good at picking out vulnerable kids," he says,
"they hang out at arcades, pools,
and, playgrounds picking out
their next victim." S

—

Spectrum

Predators

Prison

Myth?
Sex oflFenders
don't get abused

by fellow inmates
as

much

as

you

might think
by Maryjayne Reibsome

sex offenders are injured in
it's usually
over sex, drugs, or debts, not
because they're pedophiles, says
an officer at the State Correctional

Ifthe state prisons,

Institute at Rockview.
"If

they keep to themselves, they

are usually left alone," says Jack
AUar, correction unit manager,
adding, "sex offenders are better
inmates. They were better people
in life. They held jobs, they voted,

but they had this one heinous
criminal act that sometimes hurt

hundreds of victims."
At SCI Waymart, Ron Richards,
executive assistant to the superintendent, agrees that sex offenders
are "model inmates" who realize
how hard it is to get out of prison.
He says there are few inmate
assaults and attributes that to the
dormitory style of living. Only the

maximum-security area has cells;
the rest is completely open in "dormitory style" with every inmate
always visible. Inmates in the sex
offender program are usually kept
together in a "unit" to
ier to

make

it

eas-

work with each sex offender

Winter 2001

—

convicted child molester.
In reality, many county prisons
often have problems. Of the 130
inmates at the Columbia County
Prison, 11 are sex offenders and
nine of those are pedophiles.
Pedophiles will be on the block a
day or two until the threats start
rolling in, then they request self-

says a correctional officer,
who asked that his name not be
used. He says that most pedophiles are in self-lock, which
means lock-down 23 hours a day,
an hour of yard exercise on
Monday through Thursday, and
lock,

cells. It is for their

Sheriff Fred

own

"It

One inmate

had to be moved from A-block, the
normal work-release block, to the
Medical block for his own protection, the guard says.
Another guard recalls an inmate
putting defecation into an envelope and sliding it under the cell
doors of the pedophiles when the
guards weren't looking. "They
wouldn't do it to anyone else," he
says. Most pedophiles don't get

from family, he explains,
since "most families don't want to
associate with the pedophiles."

visits

The guard

also says that he

and

his fellow officers will do whatever
is necessary and required, "but we

won't give them [pedophiles] any
extra help or privileges." Both
guards agree, "the pedophile is the
lowest form of scum."
Sgt. Tom Gibble, a 15-year employee of Columbia County prison,
agrees with his fellow officers that
pedophiles are treated no differ-

ently than other criminals by
prison guards. But, he adds, the

an eye

inmates in general population

since the guards can't keep
them constantly, he

adding,

seconds for someone to hit you
four or five times."

protection,

the rest of the time inside their

on

group, he says.

Montour County

Shepperson says inmates at the
Danville jail are kept in general
population and that they've never
had any problems. He attributes
that to the size of the jail and the
number of sex offenders. Of the 40
inmates at Danville, five are sex
offenders. However, according to
county records, an inmate, 61,
plead guilty to touching the penis
of another inmate a 20-year-old

says,

only takes a couple of

treat

the pedophiles like basic

"low-lifes."

S
31

Predators

Sexual harassment in the work place
by Eric Hunt
spring of
1998,
Kerns, 23, began
working as a waitress at a
the

InHeather

Bloomsburg restaurant. Almost
immediately, her employer began
making inappropriate comments
and engaging in activities not of
her consent, she says.
"He compared my body to the
girls' and told us he preferred
us to wear skirts," says Kerns. If
the girls showed up in pants, they
were told to wear skirts instead.
"When I wore a skirt, he said to one
of the cooks 'wouldn't you like to
Kerns
see her ass?" she says.
describes her employer as "connivother

32

ing and persistent, determined to
get his own way."
"He asked me to dress skimpier,"
says Megan Olexa, 20, Bloomsburg,
another waitress at the restaurant.
"When I didn't, he made fun of my
baggy clothes," she says. Olexa says
that her employer wanted her to
show off her body. "He made lewd
comments all the time," she says.
Billi Jo White, 22, Bloomsburg, also
worked at the restaurant and had a
similar experience.
"He tried to get me to wear little skirts," she says, "but I didn't
play his game." Consequently,
says White, her employer basical-

ignored her on the job.
Chris Knors, 22, began working at
the restaurant in November 1999.
He witnessed the harassment
endured by Kerns as well as many
others. Late nights at work, he says
his employer liked to have sex talks.
"He would call me over and ask me
to add some sexual insight to the
ly

Knors says.
"One time I was walking past him
and he reached behind and grabbed
discussion,"

my

turned
touch
me again,"' but she says the employer just tried to make her look foolish
in front of a customer who had
butt," says Kerns.

around and said

"I

'don't ever

Spectrum

Predators

heard her protest. He frequently
grabbed Olexa's waist in front of
others for no apparent reason other
than to touch her, she says.
"He asked me if I was satisfied
with my sex hfe and what position
I preferred," says Kerns. She says
she felt forced to answer her boss,
so she provided vague answers that
barely satisfied his request, then
got out of the conversation as

He said,

'

girl to

I

heard

'come and

on Junior.' She sat on his lap
and he fondled her."
"Whenever one of the girls was
depressed," Olexa says, "he would
say 'ah, come sit on my lap."' The

sit

girls

felt

obligated to accept his

she says, "and then he would
snuggle with them."
Kerns says her employer didn't let
the waitresses walk home after
work because their shifts often
ended after 4 a.m. "He made sure
that a delivery person drove us
home." On a few occasions, he drove
Kerns home himself, she says.
"He drove me home and parked

offer,

his car in front of

says.

my house," Kerns

"He made me

feel

very

In the car that
uncomfortable."
night. Kerns' employer kept her
involved in a conversation about
sex for an hour, asking her to share
intimate details with him about

her personal sex

life.

just a friendly

"He said 'this
conversation, right? It won't go any
further than this car, right?'" Kerns
says. She says she agreed because
if she had not, "he would've held a
grudge against me at work."
is

On another occasion, Kerns'
employer asked the owner of a different Bloomsburg restaurant to
drive her home.
"He must have told him that I
would 'put out,"' she says. The man
flirted with Kerns the whole way
home and when they arrived in
front of her house, "he said, 'how
about a kiss?' Then I said, 'how
Winter 2001

employers have a sexual harassment policy that all employees

made well aware of. The
employer at the restaurant, however, was also the owner and had
no policy that any of the employare

ees

knew of.
we told him

"If

to stop or

we

didn't put up with it," Kerns
says, "he would say 'I thought we
were friends' and then give us the

this is iust friendiy conversation, rigiit?
"Once

quickly as possible.

him ask another

about you have a wife and kids,'
and got out of the car."
"He asked me once, right in front
of people, if I would have sex with
this one girl," Chris Knors says.
The air got very tense in the shop
whenever the employer talked
about sex, Knors says.
"He kept the good-looking girls in
the front and the others in the
back," says Knors. "He would

intentionally hug the females to
The female
feel their chests."

cold shoulder at work." Olexa
says she didn't care about his

employees were regularly compared with each other, Knors says.
"He would ask the male cooks stuff
like 'which ass do you prefer?"'
Kerns says she noticed that
either a checkmark or an "X" would
appear on employment applica-

opinion and didn't put up with

next to the names of female
During a shift, she
says she overheard the employer
speaking with someone about the
meaning of the marks, as he pre-

tions,

applicants.

pared to hire a new waitress.

"He said a checkmark meant 'hot'
and an 'X' meant 'not hot,"' says

comments.
She says she was consistently
scheduled to work late and "always
got stuck cleaning up at the end of

his

shift. It bothered me the way
he talked to me, like I was inferior
because I'm a girl." Her employer
even referred to her as "girl" at

the

work, says Olexa.
"Pretty

much

every

girl

that

worked there when I was there got
talked about by [the employer],"
says Knors. "He would talk about

Kerns.

their bodies right in the open, in
front of everyone." After months of

"He had a TV in the kitchen,"
says Knors, "and would put porn

enduring the sexual harassment,
Kerns, White, and Olexa finally quit.

movies on later at night." The customers were unable to see the picture because the employer shielded
the TV from their view, White says.
Olexa says the porn was "weird."
"It made it very uncomfortable to
go back there," she says. "I asked
him 'what's up with this? But he

Stories of sexual harassment that
go unreported are not uncommon,
says Treaster, but victims don't
have to put up with that kind of
People who work for
treatment.

just ignored me," says Olexa.

Despite

the

blatant

sexual

with
Pennsylvania companies
fewer than four employees, however, cannot seek legal action for sexual harassment claims.
"Those companies can do what

was never reported. In a
case where an employer sexually
harasses an employee, says Laura

they will," says Treaster. "We can't
touch them." To seek legal action
at the federal level, she says, "it's
worse." People must work for companies with at least 50 employees.
Although it excludes employees of

Pennsylvania
of the
Commission
Relations
(PHRC), the victim should report
the unwanted advances to the
owner of the establishment.
The PHRC recommends that

very small business, as well as agricultural workers, domestic employees, people employed by their families, and those who must hve at the
residence of their employer, the original Pennsylvania Human Relations

harassment that took place toward
Kerns as well as many others, in
full view of witnesses, the victimization

Treaster

Human

33

The System
Act of 1955, provides legal muscle
for most Pennsylvania employees.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission increased the
legitimacy of sexual harassment
claims in 1980 by providing a
clear definition of the offense as
any unwelcome sexual advances,
requests for sexual favors, and
other verbal or physical conduct of
a sexual nature.
The real change in the nature of
sexual harassment cases came in
1991, however, after Anita Hill
accused Supreme Court-nominee
Clarence Thomas of sexually
harassing her during an internship.
The widely publicized HillThomas case caused the commission to begin recording the huge
influx of sexual harassment complaints that began streaming in to
the PHRC in 1991, Treaster says.
"The case increased public
awareness about sexual harassment," she says, "by generating a
large amount of media coverage
and educating the public on the
current state of the law."

patting, pinching, or kissing," says

In the extreme, it could
include sexual assault or rape.
Repeated
suggestive
looks,
obscene gestures or displays, or
sexually explicit pictures and
objects put up in work areas would
all fall under visual sexual harassment, Treaster says.
Verbal sexual harassment is the
broadest of all the categories. It
may include requests or demands
for sexual favors, questions pertaining to a person's private sexual
Treaster.

practices, threats,

innuendoes,
jokes,

and

whistling.

lewd comments,

sexual insults,

sex

even inappropriate
Most cases involve a

combination of the different categories, Treaster says.

In September 1996, Cheryl D.

Andrews was sexually harassed
while employed by

R &

B, Inc., a

Pennsylvania packing company.
Andrews had received a promotion based on the clearly stated
desire of her supervisor, James
Witherspoon, to receive sexual
favors in return, according to the

work. Andrews was officially laid
off a few weeks later.
She was
denied benefits until her case went
to
trial
and the denial was
reversed.

In Borough of Coaldale v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review (1999), Tenia Betz received
benefits after leaving the Coaldale
Police Department in January of

had been sexuharassed by Chief James
Strauss
and Officer Shawn
1999, because she

ally

According to that case.
Chief Strauss had discriminated
against her for being a woman on
the police force from the moment
she joined the department in
October 1997.
In addition, Strauss had subjected her to pornographic pictures
"depicting nude people engaging
in sexual activity." For her twenty-first birthday, Strauss gave
Betz a leather whip.
In 1998,
Officer Phillips assaulted Betz,
grabbing her breasts and bruising
them. Betz reported the harassment and the assault to Strauss'
Phillips.

One time I was walking past him and He
reached hehind and grabbed my butt."
The
ment

PHRC

breaks sexual harass-

into three broad categories:

physical, visual, or verbal. Co-workers, supervisors,

may be

and managers

ultimately the company
responsible when a complaint
made to the Commission.

but

all

guilty of sexual harassment,
is
is

Sexual harassment becomes illegal when an employee believes he
or she has to put up with it to keep
a job, to be awarded a raise and
promotion, or in the midst of an
intimidating or hostile work environment. Kerns, Olexa, and White
all say they didn't believe their
employer would fire them if they
complained.
Physical sexual harassment hap-

pens when an employee is subjected to "unwanted touching, fondling,

34

testimony in Andrews v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review (1997).
During her training, Witherspoon rubbed his shoulder against
Andrew's breast while reminding
her of what she needed to do to
keep the promotion. When, after

week in the new position, she
still had not fulfilled her supervisor's wishes, Andrews was demota

A co-worker willing to engage
sexual conduct with Witherspoon replaced her, according to
court records.
Andrews reported the harassment to Witherspoon's supervisors
two days later, pleading with them
to transfer her to another shift.
When nothing changed after two
weeks, she stopped showing up for
ed.

in

supervisor. Borough Councilman
John Maruschak.
Maruschak reprimanded Phillips
but not Strauss, and Betz began to
fear she would lose her job if she
went above Strauss' head any further.
She also feared she would

not receive back-up in the field
when she needed it. Consequently,
she filed a sexual harassment lawsuit. Betz was granted benefits by
the Board and retained them when
the Borough of Coaldale appealed
the decision.
Despite the influx of cases that
flooded the PHRC after 1991, sexual

harassment

reported.

is still

Victims,

largely under
however, are

coming forward more frequently,
Treaster says.
In 1981, the

PHRC

received 40

Spectrum

i

The System

reports of sexual harassment. In
1991, however, after Anita Hill
began her testimony, the commission received 265 cases. Eight
later, in 1999, the commission reported 603 complaints of

years

sexual harassment. Of those reported in 1999, 12 came from the area

covered by Columbia, Montour,

Northumberland, and Lycoming

COLUMBIA AIRCRAFT

counties.

In the U.S. during 1999, 15,222
cases of sexual harassment were
filed with the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
and Fair Employment Practices
agencies (FEPAs) men filed 1,842
of them.
"The first and probably the most
important piece of advice I give is
'don't think it's your fault,'" says
Treaster. "Say 'no' and be assertive.
Tell your supervisor what happened
right away and also tell your union
representative, if you have one.
Then check with your other coworkers and see if anyone else has

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nothing is done once these preliminary steps have been taken,
Treaster says, additional steps
should be taken. First, citing specific examples, tell the harasser in
writing that his or her behavior is
unacceptable and keep a copy of
the letter. Then keep a log of the
harassment that occurs after
speaking up.
If the harassment persists, file
a civil rights complaint and a
union grievance, Treaster says.
Professional counseling is available for victims who believe they
have been harmed. When sexual
harassment crosses the line and
becomes assault, Treaster says, it
may be necessary to file criminal
charges with the police.
"Secure people do not harass others," she says. "It's not about sex.
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Winter 2001

35

The System

His

jj|PBWBWBBHi^^^^^5(i^^^^M._c^-"

WORD
AGAINST

Hers
Pennsylvania rape laws have changed
but society's skepticism remains

The System
die."

When the

rape was over, Dave

threw a blanket on top of Jenkins
and told her to "cover up."
"I curled up into a ball on the
couch," Jenkins says, "and

started to
loud.'

cry,

Then

he said
he went

when

to

I

be so

'don't

sleep."

Because Dave slept in the same room
with Jenkins after he had assaulted
her, she says she

any attempt
"I

was

'TDecause

was

make

Jenkins says,

scared,"
I

afraid to

to leave the house.

know what he
tried to leave.
He

didn't

would do if I
might have raped me again."
Jenkins says she went into "some
dreamland" until she eventually
When she awakened
fell asleep.
late Sunday morning, she found
Dave and Tom in the „
kitchen drinking coffee.
^
One look at Tom, Jenkins "^|
says, and it was obvious that
he knew nothing about the
events that took place the
night before. When she went
to use Tom's bathroom, however, her own frightening
memories were undeniably
confirmed, she says.
"I found I was bleeding
heavily," she says. "It was
like a severe menstrual
period, but mine had ended the
week before." Jenkins says she
also felt pain and a burning sensation inside her.
"When I got home

Sunday morn-

she says, "I took a shower
right away. I had to get all that
Later, she met a
'stuff off me."
friend for lunch and told her what
ing,"

Her
Jenkins says.
completely believed her

happened,

friend
story and told her that she had to
report the incident.
"She said I should go to the hospital, but I didn't have health insurance so I couldn't go," says Jenkins.
Having reported nothing, Jenkins

made

the

three-hour

Indiana, Pa., that

Sunday

drive to
evening.

Walking around campus Monday
morning, Jenkins says she noticed
that the cramps she had felt since
the assault were becoming more
intense. Moments later, she says she

Winter 2001

"The police sent my sweat pants to
the lab and told me that Dave would
be interviewed," Jenkins says. The
police got back to her within a few
days and told her the bad news.
"They said that nothing had been
found on the sweat pants," she
says, "and that when they talked to
Dave, he said 'yes we had sex but I

doubled over in pain and managed to
drag herself into the campus health
center, where she told a nurse that
she had been raped.
Jenkins says she was given an
internal examination during which
tears were found inside her vagina.
The doctor at the health center told
her that the "findings were typical of
a rape."
He sent Jenkins to Indiana
Hospital where she was given a thorough examination and evidence from
the rape was coUected. It is required
of any victim who has reported a
rape in Pennsylvania, says State
Pohce Sgt. Frank Brennan.
"I knew the rape kit was necessary," Jenkins says, "and the doc-

Even
is

Then Jenkins

didn't rape her."'

says they informed her that the
Montour County district attorney
didn't want to take her case

because

it

would be his word

against hers.
"I

said 'this

through

is

all this

ridiculous!

and

I

went

he's not going to

get an3^hing?'" she says. "They said
'we're sorry this

if I

happened

to

you

think the penalty

inappropriate,

I still

must

follow the guidelines."
President Judge Scott Naus,
Court of Common Pleas,

Columbia County

tors

were very professional with

great bedside manners, but I felt
like I was violated all over again."
Unfortunately, Jenkins says she
had showered more than once since
the rape had occurred, so the rape
kit found no admissible evidence.
The skepticism toward Jenkins'
claim began when the physician at
the hospital disagreed with the university health center, saying that
the tears found inside her did not
absolutely indicate a rape, she says.
"He said 'they could just as easily

be attributed to hard
says.

sex,"'

Jenkins

The hospital then directed

her to the Danville Police, because
the incident had occurred in that
city, she says. The Danville Police
took her statement and, as her only
piece of evidence, a pair of sweat
pants that she had worn after the
assault but before she showered,
says Jenkins.

if the DA doesn't want to take
the case, there is nothing we can
do,"' says Jenkins. When Jenkins
got her sweat pants back from the
police a month later, she says she
noticed they had been laundered.
For years, rape victims have
found their own innocence in ques-

but

tion rather than the guilt of their

attackers.
lot of times your only witness
the victim," says Gregg Warner,
counsel to State Sen. Stewart J.
Greenleaf (E- Willow Grove), chair

"A

is

Senate
Pennsylvania
the
Judiciary Committee, "and when
she is put on the stand she is made
to feel like the one on trial."
The philosophy present throughout the evolution of rape law in the
of

western world has always been
steeped in skepticism, says Diane
Moyer, public policy director for the
Pennsylvania Coalition Against

The System
Rape (PCAR). Lord Chief Justice
Matthew Hale said, in the 17th
is an accusation easbe made and hard to be
proved, and harder still to be
defended by the party accused,
though never so innocent."
Throughout the first two cen-

century, "rape
to

ily

American history, the law
has mirrored this widely shared
belief. In order to convict a person
accused of rape, it was required
turies of

that the victim "cried aloud, struggled, and complained on the first
opportunity, and prosecuted
the
offender
without delay," according to the ruling in
Steuick V. Commonwealth (1875).
In Commonwealth v.
Moran (1929), a woman was forced into the
grandstand of a baseball park by men "with

whom

[she]

acquainted."

had been
The defen-

dants held her shoulders

down and

her

to

forced

have

sexual
intercourse with them.

The victim had obviously

been

forcibly raped,

but the appeals court did not agree.
According to that court, the victim
had not properly resisted her attackers. The men were not convicted.
Questions like "how were you
dressed?" were not kept out of
courtrooms until 1973, says Ellen
Kerr, crisis intervention coordinator at Pittsburgh Action Against
Rape (PAAR). 'Tou could also bring
in other men to testify that they
had slept with the victim," she says.
"If you could prove that the
woman was 'loose,' then it didn't

matter what had happened
Kerr says.

to her,"

amendments were finadded to the Pennsylvania
Crimes Code, providing "the
alleged victim need not resist the
actor in prosecutions under this
In 1976,

ally

chapter."

The philosophy behind the
change, says State Rep. Jane Orie
38

(R-Pittsburgh),

"reflected

that

many rape cases involved victims
who cooperated with the assailant
during the attack" in order to prevent further violence.
The amendments of 1976 also
expanded forcible compulsion to
include any threat of forcible compulsion that would prevent "a person of reasonable resolution" from
resisting.

The court in Commonwealth v.
Rhodes (1986), however, held that
because no legal definition for the

Forcible

Rapes in Pennsylvania

The System

i
ask questions like 'why were
'why were you dressed
that,"' Moyer says.
This atti-

will still

you

there' or

like

by many members of the
pubhc, the media, law enforcement,
and the judicial system, has been the
tude, held

main obstacle victims must face
when they report a rape, she says.
the most under reported
according to Kerr. The
most generous estimate nationally,
she says, is that only 30 percent of
rape victims report the crime to

"Rape

is

crime,"

Of those
that are reported, only 16.3 percent of the cases lead to jail time.
Thus, fewer than 5 percent of all
rapes lead to convictions.
police or crisis centers.

The FBI, however, estimates
that only about 10 percent of all
rapes are reported. Of the rapes
reported, 50 percent result in
arrests and less than 10 percent
of those arrested will be convicted

and

Thus,
the FBI, only about

sentenced

according to
0.5 percent of

to

all

jail.

rapes lead to

convictions.
In 1998, 7,915 rapes were reported to crisis centers in Pennsylv-

ania but only 3,030 of them were
reported to police. Of those reported to police, 1,327 resulted in
arrests and only 415 rapists were
convicted.

In Columbia and Montour counties, 77 rapes were reported to cri-

Is

more

than $2,000?

In

Pennsylvania,

to receive

more

it's

possible

jail

time for

stealing $2,000 than for
indecent assault.
Indecent assault involving minors is a first-degree misdemeanor,
which carries a maximum prison
sentence of five years. Theft of

$2,000 or more is a third degree
felony which carries a six-year
prison sentence. Retail theft of

Winter 2001

so different.
"I

case

take each matter based on the
itself," Naus says, "taking into

account the background and prior
record score" of the accused. He says
the sentences he orders are based on
guidelines found in the law.
"Each conviction carries a certain
number of points toward [an offend-

$2,000 or more during a disaster
carries a stiffer penalty and is a

your Child's

safety worth

centers but only 15 were reported to police. Six arrests were made,
but no one in the two counties was
sentenced to prison for rape in
1998, according to the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing
and the Pennsylvania Coalition
Against Rape.
While the maximum sentence for
rape is 20 years and the maximum
for sexual assault is 10 years, "the
average sentences are pretty
The expected
small," Kerr says.
sentence for rape in the United
States has tripled from 1980 to
1997, but it is still only 128 days,
according to Kerr.
"That astounds me," says President Judge Scott Naus of the
Court of Common Pleas, Columbia
County. Although he was unable
to estimate an average, he says he
is confident that convicted rapists
in Columbia County serve longer
sentences than the national statistic indicates. Naus says it's difficult to consider general patterns
in rape cases because each case is
sis

second-degree felony.
"When the robbery statutes
were written it was the 1930s,
when robbery was a big thing,"
says Columbia County District

Attorney John McDanel.
"Sometimes I don't understand
the law either," says Columbia
VictimAVitness Coordinator Jonna
Barrett.

While rape laws involving minors
haven't changed much in the past,
the state legislature has toughened
criminal penalties for people who
act cruelly toward animals.
Legislation

er's]

prior record,"

more convictions

Naus
in

an

says.

The

offender's

background, the higher their prior
record score becomes, he says.

The guidelines are set up in a grid
format, Naus says, with possible
offenses down the side and possible
prior record scores along the top.
Once an offender has been convicted, Naus says he consults the grid
for an appropriate sentence.
"Even if I think the penalty is
inappropriate," he says, "I still
must follow the guidelines." Naus
says he can bend the rules only for
a good reason that he can clearly
articulate to the court.
"Not every rape case is the same,"
Naus says, "and not every victim is
the same. Everyone has a different
background. I always try to remember the victim and do what is just

and

right."

On

paper, rape laws have improved dramatically in the past 25

"We are

years.

getting to a better

place," says Kerr. Still, in Pennsyl-

vania and throughout the United
States, a pervasive attitude of skepticism plagues the testimonies of
victims, she says, and as a result, "if
you're talking to a woman, you're
probably talking to a victim." S

For more information contact the
Pennsylvania Coalition Against

Rape

at (717) 728-9740.

ing the penalty for killing, maiming, mutilating, torturing, or disfiguring a dog or cat from a second-degree misdemeanor to a
first-degree misdemeanor.

"Pennsylvania

now has one

of

the toughest animal rights laws in
the country," says Tpr. Scott

Highsmith. "It is important legisbut the rape laws have
been around for awhile in the
state. I just think the laws dealing
with sexual abuse should be
tougher than most other things,"
says Highsmith. S
lation,

~ by Ken Fetterhoff

was passed upgrad-

39

\

The

Syistem

HARD TIMES
SEX CRIMES
Megan's

Law
creates

a

Scarlet
162

Letter

for sex
offenders
by Eric Hunt
40

1631164

165

166

The System

Dennis V.

Gaffney, 60, invitgirl into his

ed a 9-year-old

Montgomery County home
in December 1995. The girl accepted the invitation and went inside.
Gaffney proceeded to remove his
pants and underwear, exposing his
genitals. He continued his advance
by taking off the girl's pants and
underwear. The assault didn't end
until Gaffney performed oral sex on
the girl and penetrated her vagina
with his fingers.
During his trial in 1998, the grayhaired, white male admitted that he
had been sexually active with the
child on numerous occasions over a
period of two years. Gaffney pled
guilty to three charges: involuntary

deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent assault, and the corruption of a minor.
He was convicted and, so far, has
served two years of a 6-30 year sentence at the State Regional

W^

BBQq

Correctional Facility in Mercer,
Pennsylvania. Upon his release,
Gaffney will be required to register
with the State Police.
In Pennsylvania, 4,165 sexual
offenders are registered; 18 of
them are in Columbia and Montour counties.
Megan's Law requires sexual
offenders to register with the police
when released from prison. If the
Pennsylvania Sex Offender Assessment Board finds an offender to be
a "sexually violent predator," local
police, children's services, or crisis

centers notify the communities
where predators live.

predator was unconstitutional.
"The court said that what

we

were really doing," Warner says,
"was requiring a person convicted
of a sex offense to prove to us that

they weren't a sexually violent
predator." The process put the burden of proof on the defense, which
goes against our entire system of
jurisprudence.
July 2000,
In

the
burden
returned to its rightful place, the
prosecution, and the Commonwealth became responsible for
proving whether an offender was in
fact a sexual predator.

"Our

community

notification

Megan's Law has "drastically
changed the way rape offenders are

process is back in place," says
Warner, but since the 1999 decision

dealt with" in the justice system,
Columbia County District Attorney

no notification has taken place.
Convicted offenders who were

John McDanel

named

for

says.

The law was

Megan Kanka,

7,

who

was raped and murdered in 1994
by a convicted sexual offender living across the street from her New
Jersey home.
"It caused quite an outcry in
New Jersey," says Gregg Warner,
counsel to State Sen. Stewart
Greenleaf (R-Willow Grove), chair
Pennsylvania Senate
the
of
Judiciary Committee, "because
law enforcement and parole people apparently knew that the sex
offender lived in the neighborhood
but the residents did not."
Kanka's parents immediately
started a movement for legislation
that would address the problem.
"It spread like wild fire," says
Warner, leading the U.S. Congress
to require every state to draft a ver-

Pennsylvania
law.
adopted its own version in 1995.
The law has two parts.
sion of the

First, sex offenders

must

register

with the state police who pass the
information to local police. Second,
in certain cases

when

the offender

found to be a sexually violent
predator, the community he or she
lives in must be notified. In Commonwealth V. Williams (1999), however, the Pennsylvania Sup-reme
Court ruled that the process for
determining a sexually violent
is

deemed sexual predators

before the

decision were given the opportunity

appeal their cases. If they chose
appeal, like Donald Francis
Williams of Erie County, they were
dropped to a classification of "sexual offender" in compliance with
the Supreme Court ruling.
Williams had performed fellatio
on a 9-year-old boy repeatedly for a
In July
period of eight months.
1997, he was convicted on two
counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, two counts of indecent assault, and one count of corrupting minors.
The Sexual Offender Assessment
to

to

Board (SOAB)

of

Pennsylvania

reported that 163 sexually violent
predators were living in the state
before the 1999 decision. Only one
offender has been sentenced as a
sexual predator in Pennsylvania
since the amended law became
effective in July 2000, says Jill
Osevala, administrative officer of
the SOAB.
The law still generates controversy. Some argue that it remains
unconstitutional, McDanel says,
because the registration and community notification provisions act
only as secondary penalties. Once
an offender has been released
from prison, it is a violation of his
or her Constitutional rights to

41

^

The System

impose another penalty

for

the

same

crime.
"If we've sent someone to jail then
I think they have served their time,"
says Ellen Kerr, Crisis Intervention
Coordinator for Pittsburgh Action
Against Rape (PAAR). She says the

more effecprograms outside the law.
"Do we have the right mechanism
to rehabihtate an offender?" says
"The fact that we need a
Kerr.
Megan's Law shows that we do not."
state needs to develop

the people in a

diffi-

o

That's fine for that neighborhood,
is the sex offender

but then where
going to go?"

00

Warner says the predator may go

tive

Sexual offenders, however, are

community are

he says, "they make it so
uncomfortable for the sex offender
that the person doesn't want to
live in the neighborhood anymore.
notified,

another neighborhood or possibly go undergi'ound and not register with the police. "He'll hide out
from the law," he says, "and become
a fugitive because he's not registo

ON
OS

3
<

o

ff.

in

o
o

o
s
O

T5

—m

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a
CD

5

><.
'-*•

o o
^ o
33 SI

O
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CD

Q.

CD

O
O

I—I-

CD

00

o

>
Pennsylvania Sen. Stewart Greenleaf, champion of legislation opposing sexual
abuse, testifed at a hearing of the Senate Inter-governmental Affairs

Committee

in

June 1999.

cult to rehabihtate, says State Rep.

Jane Orie (R-Pittsburgh).
"There is an extremely high
chance they will do it again," she
says. "The recidivism rate for sexual offenses is higher than for any
other crime. It's about violence and
control," she says, "it goes beyond
sexual urges." Orie says there is no
cure for a sexual predator. She is
in the process of proposing changes
to Megan's Law, making all of the
law's provisions also apply to juvenile offenders.

Another argument against the
law has nothing to do with the
legality of it, says Warner. Once

42

tered and then where are we?"

Warner

is

also concerned that

the law will give community members a false sense that they and
their children are safe because
"they know where the predators
are located."
"Just because we're making sexual offenders register," Warner says,
"and in some cases sexually violent
predators require notification of
the community, that doesn't mean
there aren't other criminals out
there who haven't been caught
yet." The law is not a cure-all, he
says, but at least it will identify

some

offenders.

\\
in

o

o

I

D-

3
5. f^
crq

o
H
US

S
Spectrum

The System

The
Pennsylvania
foster

care
is

system in

need of more homes, says

Swank, director of
Columbia County Child and Youth

Christine
Services.

The 1997 Adoption and Safe
Families Act allowed the state to
petition the court for the removal of
the biological parents' rights after
one year if it is in the "best interest
of the child."
The Child Protective Services
Law requires applicants for child
care services and school employment to obtain child abuse clearances from the Department of
Public Welfare. The law prohibits
child care services from emplo3dng
any person who will have direct

contact with children if the individual was convicted of certain criminal offenses or was named as a perpetrator of a founded report of child
abuse within five years preceding

the request for a clearance.
Foster parents must be at least 21
years old, may be single, but must
be in good health and pass a criminal background check. An applicant
must also be financially able to care
for a foster child. They may not
have more than eight children in
their family with no

more than two

children under two years old.

agency will
consider other matters such as each

The

local child services

person's attitude toward their own
children, toward parent/child relationships,

how the appUcant can meet

the needs of children, and how many
children the applicant can handle.
In addition, foster parents must
agree to participate in agency

Winter 2001

The

foster

in critical

care system

or sexually molested," says
Sue. "A child that has been molested
cannot be turned down, but a child

ically

that has molested another child can
be," she says.

hits a critical

stage in

Pennsylvania
by Ken Fetterhoff
approved training. Foster parents
cannot use physical discipline; children must be directed by praise and
encouragement.
Once this criteria is met, an
inspection of the home must still be
approved. In Montour County, as in
many counties, the requirements
include smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, locked storage for dangerous materials, no exposed wiring, an
infant seat if necessary, safety
screening for fireplace, wood, or coal
stoves,

and water tested annually.

a foster care parent from
Northumberland County who asked
that her last name not be revealed,
says these guidelines are very minimal and mentioned only sleeping
arrangements. Foster care homes
are only required to supply a mattress for the child. They are not mandated as to how much space or even
how many same sex children can be
placed in one room. "Most children
placed in foster care are either physSue,

Depending on how des-

perate the agency is to place the
child, "they will keep that information from you," says Sue. Although it
is illegal, if the agency is desperate
they will do anything," says Sue.
Tara Rine disagrees. "Even
though we will do everything we can
to place a child in a foster

home, we

do not break the law and any inforRine,
mation is available," says
caseworker at the Columbia County
Child and Youth Services.
Sue had a child in her care that
confided to her about being sexually abused. Sue reported the incident to the case worker. The child
was examined, but the report came
back "no physical evidence." The
child was allowed to return home
over the Christmas holiday. When
she returned, she had the crotch
cut out of her panties. Sue asked
what happened to her and she said,
"I fell off my bike." When the girl's
four-year-old sister started wetting
her bed and having nightmares,

Sue began to keep a journal. She
showed the journal to a therapist
who confirmed her suspicions
about molestation. Sue again presented this evidence to the caseworker. It was reported to the local
police, but pursued minimally.
"From my standpoint there was
nothing else I could do," says Sue.
"I know a few families that will
take any child with any problem at
any time," she says. These homes
are known as "hard core" and have

43

I

The System

bargaining power to negotiate the
reimbursement they
price
of
receive each month even though
the ratios are already set. 'These
famihes are in it for nothing more
than a paycheck," says Sue.
Foster famihes are reimbursed for
every
cost
almost

Pubhc Welfare

to

report children

abused in child care settings and
the action taken against perpetrators. Child care settings include day
care, foster care, boarding homes
for children, juvenile detention centers, residential settings,

directly related to the
child.

"I

This includes a

$50 clothing allowance

insti-

obtain

more

more

foster

know

homes

in

newspaper and radio ads, but
nothing seems to work."

nor

Lora Casteline,

Casework Supervisor

Montour County Child

enses.

had |
homes in||~—
°

Pennsylvania

1,759 foster
1999, up from 1,348
the previous year, according to the
1999 Department of Public Welfare
annual report. There are 391 foster
homes in northeast Pennsylvania,
which includes Columbia and
Montour counties.
The Child Protective Services
Law requires the Department of

Alternative

Measure
In 1874, nine-year-old Mary
Ellen Wilson was the first child
defended by the Animal Abuse
Act. After being beaten by her

mother

for

more than

seven years, social worker Etta
Wheeler discovered the abuse.
After several attempts to get
help for the child, Wheeler
found it in Henry Bergh of the
American Society for the
Prevention
of Cruelty to

Animals (ASPCA).
Bergh, founder of the Child
Protective Society, argued that
children had the same rights as
any animal, and succeeded in
removing Mary Ellen from her
abusive roster mother.

44

I

in

Montour County, including

considered as income
because it is reimbursement for exp-

foster

homes

foster

have tried everything

to obtain

every month per child,
a medical access card,
and mileage reimbursements for appointments. The monthly amount is not
subject to taxes,

and

caseworker at the
Columbia
County agency. "We are also available if a child has been abused, we
can notify the authorities to have
them look into it," said Folman.
"I have tried everj^hing I know to

and Youth
tutional settings. There were 1,982

reports of suspected abuse of chil-

dren in child care settings in 1999,
a total of 169 were substantiated.
Of these 169 cases, 81 were sexual
abuse in a foster home. Of these, 21
cases were substantiated in northeast Pennsylvania. Social services
were planned or provided to all
alleged victims involved in the
investigated reports. In 465 reports,
information was referred to law
enforcement officials for criminal
investigation and prosecution, 135
of which were substantiated by the
county agency investigation.
"Foster care abuse is a very real
problem in this state." says Thomas
Hinson of the Department of Pubhc
Welfare.

"The Department has been trying
evervlhing in its power to curb child
abuse but the numbers have continued to increase," says Hinson.
The Columbia Child and Youth
Services offers several programs for
adults who wish to get involved in
the foster care system.
"We offer parenting classes, educational classes, such as how to
look for signs of abuse, and counseling," says Stephanie Bond, a

Services

Montour County, including newspaper and radio ads, but nothing
seems to work," says Lora Casteline,
a casework supervisor for Montour
County Child and Youth Services.
The rest of the nation faces the

same problem. According

to

the

Services
Pennsylvania Human
Department the number of foster
care homes only rose five percent in
1999. "This is not nearly enough
homes for the amount of children
the system has to care for,"
Casteline says. "About 30 children
need to be placed in foster homes
right now," says Casteline.
The need to place children in
Columbia County has hit the critical

stage.

homes

The number

of foster

in the county has dwindled

11. "We would like to have
around 20 homes available for
matching children but we don't
have that right now," says Bond. A

to

foster child will stay in a foster

home an average of three to four
years. Some children are returned
their biological parents, some
are adopted by their foster parents,
and some are placed in adoptive
homes. During the time foster children are placed in homes, the state
to

Spectrum

The System
reimburse the cost of their
care based upon each child's age
and level of emotional and developwill

mental problems. A caseworker
will meet with foster families and
their children a

minimum

UmAeman Press
PRINTING

month as required by law and will
be available to assist with concerns
and questions.

TOR THE JOB YOU NEEDED YESTERDAV

of once a

Printing p\us

S

For more information contact the
Columbia County Children and
Youth Services at (570) 389-5700 or
the Montour County Children and

Color

&

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Personalized Service for

Youth Servies at (570) 271-3050.
Offset Printing

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Have "Farmer John"

your

visit

school or organization to tell tales
about Pennsylvania

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Binding

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Mon - Frl

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552 Queen Street
Northumberland, PA 17857

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45

j[The System

by Eric Hunt

When

her relationship
with her new husband

became physically and
sexually abusive in 1993, a 23year-old Selinsgrove woman decided it was time for a divorce.
The night before she planned to
leave, the woman told her husband
that she and the couple's one-yearold baby girl would be gone in the
morning. Then she went to sleep.
She awoke in the middle of the
night just as her husband had finished undressing her.
"He said he wanted to do it one
more time before we separated,"
says the woman. Tired and far
from a state of arousal, the
woman protested. "I told him 'no'
and that our relationship was
over. I just wanted to go to sleep,"
she says.

46

The woman's husband

proceeded

to sexually assault her.

After the incident, he then left the
bedroom and the woman ran out of
the house in search of somewhere

But it
were bare.

safe to stay until morning.

was 3 a.m. and the

Two

state

streets

policemen drove

by,

young woman as
she walked aimlessly around town.
She appeared unusually troubled as
she wandered the empty streets, so
noticing the slender

the officers approached her.
"I told

them what happened.

I

said 'he raped me.' But they said
there was nothing they could do
except follow me home and make

sure I was safe until I got my things
out of the house," the woman says.
"Then they looked at me and
said 'Sorry. You're married.'" She
declined the policemen's offer to
escort her home and continued

wandering alone for two more
The woman returned home
about 5 a.m. and went inside
exhausted. Her husband raped her

hours.

a second time.
Ten to 14 percent of all married
women in the United States have
been raped by their husbands,
according to Pittsburgh Action

Against Rape (PAAR).
Rape legislation in Pennsylvania
offered little protection for married
women before 1995. That year, Act
10 repealed lines in the law that
had previously provided separate
charges for rape and spousal sexual assault.

Prior to

1995,

Title

18 of the

Pennsylvania Crimes Code read: "A
person commits a felony of the first
degree when he engages in sexual
intercourse with another person.
Spectrum

The System
not his spouse." Victims were given
five years to report a rape.
A separate statute existed that
addressed spousal sexual assault.
The statute required a victim to
report an incident of spousal sexual assault within 10 days. When a
case did make it to trial, the victim

needed undeniable evidence

in

order to sustain a conviction, says
Ellen Kerr, Crisis Intervention
Coordinator for Pittsburgh Action

Against Rape (PAAR).
Spousal sexual assault victims
"really

had

to

show

force then," she

counselor at the Women's Center of
counties.
Columbia/Mountour
Evidence in forcible rape cases is
usually rare, she says, and in cases
of spousal sexual assault, "there is
almost never enough."
Outside the courtroom, victims are
conditioned to believe that they
should be sexually available to fulfill
the desire of their partner, whenever
that desire arises. Because they are
married, many victims of spousal
sexual assault don't believe were
been raped, Butler says.
"They think it is just part of their

"They think that it is just a part of
marriage. They don't recognize that

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they have the right to say no' to their
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FDIC

Stephenie Butler,
Sexual Assault Counselor

Women's Center

Greenwood
"They had to be really black
and blue in those cases. Even then

marriage," she says. "They don't recognize that they have the right to say

Friends School

the offense was

'no' to

Consequently,

Preschool through Eighth Grade

says.

[graded]

only a

A conviction on

a felony-2
charge is less severe than a rape conviction, which is graded a felony- 1.

felony-2."

Now

that the definition of rape
includes protection for spouses, difficulties for victims of spousal sexu-

have resurfaced in trial
proceedings. For years, a commonly
held behef has been that it is appropriate for married men to expect sex
from their partners, says Kerr.
"You still find this attitude in the
al assault

courtrooms," she says, "although it
You
isn't on the books anymore.
can see it in the faces of the jury

and the judge." Many times, however, more than just a courtroom
attitude contributes to the creation
of silent victims.

prove that your
partner did this to you," says
Stephenie Butler, a sexual assault
"It's

so

hard

Winter 2001

to

their partner."

Butler says, many victims don't want
to address it in counsehng.
"When I'm talking to someone
and spousal sexual assault comes
up," she says, "I have to explain to
them that it is a form of rape. But
people don't want to admit that

someone they love and trust would
do such a thing."

With

httle evidence, a conditioned

society full of doubt, and the ideals of
romance, trust, and true love hanging by a thread, it is not surprising

that spousal sexual assault remains a
deeply rooted and vastly under
reported problem in Pennsylvania. S

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47

I

The System

When

Throwing

check

Away the Key
law
The
including

in

now

22 states, not
Pennsylvania,

requires certain sexube involun-

ally violent predators to

committed.

tarily

A

law in Pennsylvania has
recently been proposed that would
require the same. Rep. Jane Orie
(R-Pittsburgh) and Sen. Stewart
Greenleaf (R-Willow Grove) have
introduced companion pieces of legislation. The proposed bills would

it

"barbaric."

incarcerated after their time is up,"
says Larry Frankel, executive
director of the ACLU in Pennsylvania. "That means they're not let-

require
violent

"Once

community
be committed

nesses."

Knapp says that sexually violent
predators should be treated in
prison. Although the prison system traditionally provides poor
treatment programs for sex
offenders, he says, "there is no reason it has to."
While providing treatment for
offenders as soon
—,
as they enter the
prison doors is

a predator

committed, the
orrender can only be
released if he shows
that he is no longer

immediately after
they are released

from prison.
"Once a predator
has been civilly
committed," Orie
says, "the offender

Each

year,

a threat."

an

Pa. State Representative

having gone through "inten-

ting the sentence ever end, which

is

a violation of the Constitution and

sive treatment," she says.

highly controversial," says

amounts

to cruel

and unusual pun-

Orie, "in the sense that you're com-

ishment," he says.

mitting [an offender] and throwing
away the key." However, she says,
"it's the right way to go."
Only
about five percent of all the offenders in each of the other states have
been committed so far. Pennsyl-

The Pennsylvania Psychological
Association (PPA) opposes the bill

Mike

because of what it might mean for
other mental health patients
already in the hospitals where
predators would be committed.
"We are not opposed to getting

Fisher has endorsed the bill.
Psychiatrists have spoken out
against the proposed legislation,

people treated," says Sam Knapp,
of the PPA, "but we are concerned
that if [sexually violent predators]

vania

Attorney

is

reai

money and

they don't want
to do that."
"There are

many

convictions that

I

vention Coordinator for Pittsburgh

^^^ii

case
would be reviewed

"It's

it

not likely, says
Frankel, because
"that would require spending

Kerr, Crisis Inter-

Jane Orie,

offender's
after

desirable,

question in rape
cases," says Ellen

can

only be released if he shows
that he
is
no
longer a threat."

might

are sent to state hospitals, they will
divert
resources
from
other
patients with persistent mental ill-

has been civilly

to the

to

they

by Eric Hunt

Civil Liberties

sexually
predators
deemed "dangerous" or a "threat"

iriy

not check out

The American
Union (ACLU) called
The
it a "violation of civil rights."
bill would place an offender in "double jeopardy" by calling for civil punishment in addition to a previously
imposed criminal penalty.
"[The bill] would keep people
calling

sexual predators

General

Action Against
Rape (PAAR). '1
want my justice system to be just and
[involuntary commitment] doesn't
sound just," she says.
The House Judiciary Committee
held hearings on the bill during
the 2000 session of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, which
ended in November. No movement,
however, to enact the legislation
took place and a vote is not expected until well into the next session.
Orie says there is still "a lot of
work to be done" on the proposed
bill.

8
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NEXT
MILLENNIUM
Russell's Restaurant and

On July 6,

Ounce's Bistro are preparing for the Millennium!
we celebrated our 19th year in downtown Bioomsburg

and are we ever excited!
To celebrate our anniversary and the arrival of the year 2000,
we proudly introduce...
And our Award Winning Wine Spectator Magazine
Wine Cellar, offering a 350 bottle selection.

our Nationally Recognized Beer List, featuring over
600 bottied beers from around the world, the
largest selection in PA, actually the largest selection

offered from here to
'I.

Washington DC

We also have

To continue our celebration, we offer live music
Wednesday evenings in Russell's, and Thursday and
Sunday evenings in Oancy's, no charge of course!

34 beers on draft with lots of U.S. Micro Brews,

many changing for the seasons

Now Let's Talk About Our Menus!
New Sunday Brunch

Dinner

Our new Sunday

Our Award Winning Dinner Menu,
has been featured on WVIA's Chefs

Brunch

is

served

Bistro
Our ever popular, fourteen page

Menu is available seven
days a week from 10 a.m. until
Bistro

W

W a.m. until 2 p.m.,

of the Great Northeast This
page menu is served seven days a

and offers a delicious

1

week from 4:30 p.m. and offers the
most delicious entrees found anywhere. Choose from steak, chicken,

variety of choices to
delightfully start

your week.

a.m.

and offers everything you
gonna love!

like at prices you're

Enjoy soups appetizers salads burgers,
aepes, pastas and sandwiches,
sandwiches, sandwiches!

seafood, veal, pasta or crepes. You

wont believe our selection.

Please Remember.

.

The Outdoor Cafe\s open Spring through Fall, please come and enjoy. • The Bonquef Room seats parties often to sixty.
Our private dining room in Oancy's seats up to twelve. • Our private Cigar room in Clancy's is air purified.
There is always Non-Smoking available in Russell's and Clancy's • We offer a large selection of Single Malt Scotches and Ports
We have Gourmet Beer to Co as take out or gift packs • Upcoming Events: Beer Tastings, Wine and Food Pairing with Willy Frank
Special Dinner Menus featuring our Hawaiian Menu and coming soon. Great Chefs of New York City.

I*
We would

Jrom Maria
and ^ssell

.

like to

thank our

families,

dear friends, neighbors and the Community for your inaedible support these

past years.

Our goal in 1981 was to offer the Community a different and interesting place to visit, to feel comfortable, to relax
and to enjoy and experience different foods, beverages and entertainment.
With the addition of Clancy's, we continue to strive toward our goal. We have much work to do, as we enter the
millennium, and we do it with excitement and enthusiasm.
A very special thank you to the hundreds of people who through cards, gifts and especially kind words and
prayers reached out to Maria during her illness. Because of you, and the wonderful doctors, nurses and support staff
of Bioomsburg Hospital and Penn State Geisinger Medical Center, she feels great.
We enter our 20th year strong, healthy and very excited about our future in downtown Bioomsburg.

.

To All, Thank You.
Russ and Maria Lewis

BISTRO
725 West Main
7

izing

in

Good

17 West Main St

Time

•

Bioomsburg, PA

•

387- 1332

St.

•

Bioomsburg, PA

•