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vTackling a Tough Prob

117 West Main Street
Bloomsburg, PA 17815

Maria

& Russell Lewis

717-387-1332

We welcome you to join us at Russell's for fine
dining and a relaxing atmosphere. From our dining
room to our bar you'll find many delightful experiences.
Please do visit us.

1

(gc^toou^
The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties

Sprinfi-Suinmer 1991 Vol. 5, No.

Ail-American Magazine, Associated Collcgiaic Press
Medalist Award, Columbia Scholaslic Press Association
First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists

FEATURES
Living In The Danger Zone by Michelle Epstein

Some former

Centralia residents are forced to

move

6

again

Paqc 14
Fighting

Bloom High

A

Losing Battle by Matt Malinowski

athletics proposal receives little

10

response

The ABC's Of Home School by Judy Kosman
For many parents, education is a family matter

A Bundle Of Options by Kami Silk
Midwives provide a traditional alternative to hospital

14
births

Traveling Through Time by Dan Trexler
Knoebels Amusement Resort provides generations of family fun

18

22

Page 18
Into

The

The Wild Bloom Yonder by Jane Mehlbaum
sky's the limit for

Nutrition

New

26

Columbia Aircraft Services

Roundup: Buffalo by Renee Farrell

food craze

is

30

lassoed by health conscious people

A Time To S.H.A.R.E. by Jennifer Stefanick
College students teach local children valuable lessons about

life

Beyond Blue Ribbons by Jennifer Moon

32

A lifetime of experience with the county's young riders

36

In The Passing Lane by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen
Fleetwood IndusU-ies leaves many of its competitors in the dust

38

DEPARTMENTS
ABOUT THE COVER:
Behind the Lines

Sherry Karpinski, a

4

Knoebels employee,
paints a horse for The

Grand Carousel during the resort's offseason.
V^ Photo by Marlin Wagner^

— Health Risk Bloomsburg by Linda Moisey
Back of the Book —The Art of Learning by Jane Mehlbaum

The Cutting Edge

in

5

42

LIVING

IN

THE

u

some former Centralia
forced to move again

After relocating once,

residents are

by Michelle Epstein
To remember

remember

the families and the

are perched on the hillside along Route 61 in
Columbia County. The lawns are landscaped, the insides decorated. The owners planned to live in them and pass on the equity to

businesses that were affected by the mine fire that's been burning

their children.

until July

However, some of the houses have boarded windows instead of
lacy curtains. One house has a broken swing laying in the dirt, rotung

the Ccnu-aUa

into the earth. There's a stillness that surpasses the quiet beauty of this

mately 195 acres burning beneath the ground.

Beautiful homes

mountain region.

It's

a scene out of an eerie late night horror movie.

Linda Wallace's husband and
brother built their house, believing

"I feared for

American dream of owning
and improving one's home. But the
improvements didn't last long because they didn't build their home on
in the

children

ofCentralia.

fell

left

behind

mine fire, the ceaseless struggles with bureaucracy,

and the pain of up-rooting

Now,

my two young

the

mine fire was the presence

of hazardous combustion
gases, in addition to carbon

to play only

monoxide and carbon

she will have to

fell

move

through a hole
again.

in the

ground."

diox-

ide.

like

families, did not want to

many
move

from the area where they
grew up, so they asked The
Department of Environmental Resources (DER) and U.S. Office of
Surface Mining (OSM) repeatedly whether or not the area on Route
,

my two young children, who used to play only

blocks from where a young boy
says.

.

61 Locust Mt., was safe and far enough away from the

their family.

and the nightmare had begun again.
In 1984, when Linda Wallace's family first relocated from Centralia, she remembers the relief that came from leaving the danger
Instead, the su-ugglc

behind. "I feared for

to

far

town seven years ago. They thought they

the horrors of the

wasn't

Another report from the U.S Department of the Interior stated that
the major problem caused by

through a hole

And the Wallaces aren't

It

1983 that an Engineering Analysis report (GAI report)

Committee on Human Development shook the town. It
would cost an estimated $660 million to rid the town of approxi-

who used

any family. They relocated from

the coal mining

under the borough and the surrounding area since 1962.

The Wallaces,

They built their home justoutside
just

to

is

blocks from where a young boy

any highway.

just

Centralia

in the

ground," she

fire.

DER and

OSM would not give the Wallaces an answer. They would only admit
that "could be" a potential danger zone. Still, DER and OSM did not
it

tell

them they couldn't move

ing

is

that they

could have

to the area.

let

"The thing that is so frustrat-

us know," says Linda Wallace.

Six months after the Wallaces and others built their

DER extended the impact zone to include Route 61

.

new homes,

State legislation

Spectrum

now

forbids rclocalion funding for

occupying a property

after

anyone owning or

September

TheclinchercamconJuly

1983.

3,

15, 1985,

when Nicholas

DeBencdictis, Secretary of the Department of Envi-

ronmental Resources, wrote a

memo

The Depart-

to

ment of Community Affairs and to the Disaster Program Division. The memo stated tliat because of the
findings in the GAI report, the funds available from

OSM — the remainder of the $42 million allocated for
relocation

—could not be used

for relocation purposes

PENNSYLVANIA'S

HOMETOWN PARK

Good Old-Fashioned Family Fun.

"Whai me memo

aia was

A good sign

create an economic

of good times

disaster for every family

located on Route 61."

Fun!
in

an area where people had knowingly built in a

potential

"What the memo did was create an economic
ter for

Soar on the Phoenix

-

rated one of America's

danger zone.
disas-

every family located on Route 61," says Klink.

10 best roller coasters. Relax

on the Pioneer Train

ride,

Immediately, twenty-six properties, sixteen of which

were

built before

September 1983,

lost

much

of their

value and the local lending institutions were in a panic,
says Klink.

Fantasy!

Linda Wallace and her brother-in-law, Tom Wallace who lives next door, started to make phone calls in
order to relocate from the area that was

Step back

Rainbow

an economic disaster. "We've been fighting this for six
years," says

Linda Wallace.

the animated Hard

Luck Bears or

owns because he intended

sible to

And you
your

Flume or

bels 500-site

the beautiful

in

Crystal Pool.
did,

residents

however, win the buy-out of his house; the

who had

erties.

would

built after

set a

September

precedent for

all

3,

of us.

Affairs,

re-

Food!
Savor the sweets, test the
award-winning pizza or

Not knowing where to turn, Linda Wallace sought
the recommendation of Klink. Although he has a con-

down

recommended

outspoken

in his beliefs.

He

the families form a group and take their

plight to U.S. Rep. Paul Kanjorski. Linda

government

—but nothing was

done.
It

wasn't until October 1990 that Kanjorski was able

to get a bill

passed through Congress that would

in-

clude the remaining ten properties in the acquisition
of Route 61. According to Michael Carroll, district

Spring-Summer 1991

at the

to a delicious

sit

dinner

Alamo Restaurant.

Knoebels

is

famous

for

its

taste treats!

Wallace has

a file, inches thick, of exchanges between the group and
the state and federal

campground.

There are

versed the decision of the hearing officer.

is

Knoe-

1983, be-

But the residents' happiness was short-lived.

with the state, Klink

short. Visit

of their prop-

Karen Miller, Secretary of Community

tract

visit

over 35 rides for the kid in
all

lieved this

if

don't have to cut

cool off on the Giant

acreage.

He

the

...

you dare!

to build a

would have been almost imposcreate a sewer system along the mountainous
it

visit

Haunted Mansion

administrative hearing. Lynott lost his case for a buy-

development, and

Story-

time Castle, cheer

Another resident, Tom Lynott, who owns much of
the mountain and a house, took the matter to a state
out of the land he

in

time at the

now considered

America's
Lai^est Free Admission Amusement Park
Rt 487, PO Box 317, Elysburg, Pa
(717) 672-2572
Campground Phone No.

(717)672-9555

^

.

director, Kanjorski is

trying to get additional relocation funds

still

for twenty-nine families wfio

Over 200 years
of growth

were relocated

in

1980-1981 from

Centralia.

Those twenty-nine properties were given twenty percent less than
market value because it was deemed their properties were on top
of a mine fire and therefore constituted a twenty percent depreciation.
fair

"The reason we are having difficulty getting this issue resolved is that
the appropriations committee does not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs," says Carrol.

A

proud past

A

In order for the remaining ten families to receive the relocation
.

.

.

money on Route 61
There

bright future

it

was not enough

for the bill to

be approved.

the matter of red tape. Reports have to be submitted to

is still

DER, DCA, and

finally to

Redevelopment before the

acquisitions

can begin. "The money's there," says Linda Wallace. According
Klink, there


Excellent schools



Diversified industry



Modem



Planning and zoning



Central business district

"We're

is

waiting," says Linda Wallace, laughing slighOy, an

still

edge of sarcasm

in

her voice. "If DeBenedictis had done his job, none

of this would have happened.

Had this area not been deemed a danger

zone, our properties would not have been affected.

waste treatment plant

to

about $9 million still available for relocation purposes.

evidence that the

fire will

No one has shown

spread this way."

However, Carroll says, it was better for DER to admit they had
made a mistake in allowing families to move to Route 6 1 now, instead
of waiting for the fire to actually move beneath Route 61. Linda
Wallace pauses to look around her home "When we move away



from here,

revitalization

it

will break

Robert Netchel



Neighborhood recreation areas



Ber- Vaughn Park

is

my

husband's heart."

one of only a couple of residents who is not
I see evidence of a mine fire specifi-

interested in relocating. "Until
cally approaching

my housel feel obligated to stay," says Netchel. He

is not concerned with equity. "We' veput our love
and sweat into building our home," says Netchel, "There's not

has no children and

Borough Officers
Mayor Lou Biacchi

:

Councilmen:

Frank Buffone, pres.
Andrew Soback, v.p.
Walter Hause
Scot Kaufman

Lamon
Bob Reap
Dave Walton

Bill

"The reason we are having
difficulty getting this

issue resolved

is

because the

appropriations committee does
not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs."

enough money on earth worth leaving." He's sorry to see his
neighbors go. "They've been good neighbors," he says.
According to Klink, Netchel and his wife will have a year to
change their minds. The Relocation program has just been granted an

Borough of Berwick
344 Market Street
Berwick

752-2723

extension to June 1992 in order to relocate and demolish the

last

remaining properties.

David Good, chief assessor for Columbia County,
on Route 61 will be re-assessed by July of
this year for 1992. "In a depressed area, such as Route 61, the reassessed value will lower taxes in some cases as much as $700." The
According

to

the value of the properties

houses are currently valued between $23,000-$95,000 according

to

the accessor.

Kathy Kuzma

built her

home

eleven years ago, long before the

Spectrum

September 1983

legislation. "I've just

agreed to the proposal for

my

house," says Kuzma. Although satisfied with the amount she will
receive, she says she will have to build a

However, Kuzma

much

smaller house.

upset with the salvage rights for this project.

is

Originally in Centralia, those residents were allowed to take every-

"Most of

thing from the kitchen sink to insulation.
stripped their

homes and

the residents

however, the residents must use what they lake

project,

in their

new

home.

Kuzma's complaint

Come & Spend

sold what they could," says Klink. For this

that since she

is

is

much

building a

smaller

the Day

house, she will be unable to take everything she wants. Klink says that
the salvage rights will be

"We have

monitored and enforced. This will involve

lost

land once already

because we didn't get the
money. It's an awful waiting

Bring the enlire family and spend
a day at the Susquehanna Energy
Informalion Center and Riverlands
recreation area See the eye-calch
ing displays Try our educational
compuler games that tell the

game. Now, we've found some
new land and are just hoping

energy story

that the seller will wait."
new home and seeing that items, such as
windows, sliding, and fixtures, taken from the previous home have
been used in the new one.
Joe Martdrano, chairman of the building committee for Habitat
for Humanity, an organization which is trying to eliminate poverty
going into each and every

housing, says the group has asked
their cause.

"\Vc hope to

if it

can salvage the properties for

literally take the

Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
and picnic m the 400-acre River
lands recreation area and nature
preserve Or, call and make arrange
ments to en)oy one of the nature and
recreational programs presented by ou
resident naturalist,

Complete your

trip with a bus tour
the
perimeter of the Susquehanna Steam Electric
Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
calling the information Center m advance. Call
(717)542-2131 for mtormation.

It would
plywood and

windows," says Martdrano. Redevelopment is cooperating fully, but
it's the demolition contractor who will have the final say. "We

We're a non-profit organizaand any materials we take can be a tax deduction for the

believe the contractor will cooperate.

a

demolished.

I

bear, they

still

Sun

through
,

Noon

Sal,. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
4:30 p.m.

Mon ihrough FrI.. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
Sal .11a m 4 p.m., Sun.. Noon-4 p.m

my house

couldn't bear to watch that." If leaving their homes,

memories, and

Mon

April-OcI

For informalion 0311(717) 542-2131

Sighing, Kuzma adds, "I wouldn't want to be here when

their

Susquehanna Energy Informadon Center

Nov -March

contractor," he says.

is

..•!

house down.

involve getting 'big ticket' items, including sheeting,

tion

with Us

their possessions isn't

enough

don 't know how much the proposal

for the families to

for their

home will

make any plans, we don't know when we're getting the
how much we will get," says Thomas Wallace.
we've been told is that we will get fair market value for our

O

Riverlands
Daily 8



Wetlands

am

lo



Council

dusk

For miormalion

Cup

Stalling

call (717)

Mon

Ihrough

Fri

.

8

am

4 p

r

542-2306

be. "I can't

money

or

"All

home as well as relocation benefits," says Linda Wallace. According

Admission

i8

is

FREE

Located on Route 1 1 just live miles north ol Berwick. Owned and operated
by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co and Allegheny Electric Cooperative Inc.
.

to Klink, two appraisals will be done and the higher of the two used.

Once
which

to

the check

is

issued, residents will be given sixty days in

move

vacate their homes. If they are unable to

out in sixty

days, they will be required to pay rent to the (state) in order to stay in
their

homes.

"We

have

lost land

once already because

money," says Linda Wallace.

"It's

we

didn't get the

an awful waiting game.

we've found some new land and arc just hoping

Now,

that the seller will

wait."

The new land
enough

this lime,"

is

about six miles away.

says Linda Wallace.

Spring-Summer 1991

S

"We

just

hope

it's far

^^


'

Fighting
A

recent proposal

change the

to
^

k t

i

competition level

Bloomsburg

for

athletics receives

response from
the school board

little

Losing Battle
by Matt Malinowski

"You

Sophomore Mark McDonald can remem-

can't put the students

up against

winning about half its games. AtBloomsburg
happening. Since there is not much

ber his spikes slowly sinking into the

impossible odds by asking them to play

this isn't

two inches ofmud that covered the sidelines
as he watched his Bloomsburg High School

against schools that are considerably larger,"

housing being built

football

team lose

its final

ways

regular season

West Hazleton,
21-0. This was the beginning ofwhat was to
be a 28 game losing streak, one that would
last the rest of McDonald's high school

game of the 1987 season

to

to

improve the program

let

of student body growth has contributed to the

team's recent struggles.

not only concerned about the

Bridenstine believed the school's population

football program, but with all the "major"

was more in balance with other area schools.

sports.

He

discov-

one season before the losing streak be-

of some sports over
the last ten years

Championship and qualified for theEast-

were worse than the

Conference

As

football team's.

finals.

with every slumping program, ex-

cuses are many. In this case, a

member

brought
mation

of

now

faces

played when they

is

not equal to the teams

won

the

championship

it

in

1987.

Don

then

why

Bridenstirie, parent of a

former

infor-

newspaper.

He believes

cent lack of success of the team

is

greater size of their competition.

play a

high.

anything then because
it

to

just never occurred

me," he says.

Adding

this

to

some

The school board,

offers ten

however, showed

response to his

schools the same size offer as few as

little

re-

male varsity

sports, while

six.

"The more sports offered to the student body,
board review the

"I think

ing a notch above where

we

who the

are play-

we ought to be

in

a couple of cases." Bridenstine points out
I

was too

ing to present his idea.

teams play," he says.

due to the

petition

problem, Bloomsburg

"I suggested the

the re-

Thus, he never believed the level of com"I never tried to change

of your league."

to the next

school's athletic policy, in so far as

football player, noticed the

team's recent struggles through the scores
in the local

A school,

AAA school? It's out

He

quest.

Bloomsburg

10

this

you're an

'If

school board meet-

the community believes the competition the

school

When his son played a few years earlier,

last ten years.

gan, Bloomsburg won the Susquehanna Val-

em

increasing at a more rapid rate than

information, ranging from the population

ered that the records

ley

is

of local schools to the records of Bloomsburg

alone have a chance to win them. However,
just

Bloomsburg Area

,

schools

last fall.

in the

School District the population of other area
Bloomsburg's. Bridenstine believes this lack

He was

For over two years, the Bloomsburg

looking for

Bridenstine researched and compiled

teams over the

football career.

Panthers could rarely keep games close,

who began

says Bridenstine,

that over a period of lime, a

team should be

the thinner the spread of students in those

sports," says Bridenstine.

Bloomsburg

football

may be

As

a result,

losing

more

athletes to other sports than their competition.

same

"Theobjectofsportsistowin.Butatthe
time,

it is

to give yourself a

chance to

Spectrum

win," he says. "With

all

numbers win."
Tom Lynn, former

other things being

football

coach and

current athletic director of Bloomsburg, believes

it is

Dr. Gerald Powers, school board presi
dent, initially agreed with

equal,

virtually impossible to

with schools athletically

if

compete

over Selinsgrove, a

"Some

they constantly

AAA

than bigger schools

bers.

to get

And

good

You have

in football,

great athlete to

takes

it

make a winning team. That is

what the problem

Bloomsburg

is

is."

A

a Class

school, and in

Powers. "Last

we were beaten badly by ^,—

some smaller schools, and then /

we

^..^t^,,^.^.

beat the biggest school in

[.

>'?

r^

we
make to Bridenstine. We
may not win ifwe move down." But Briden-

our league. That's the point
are trying to

stine points out that "at least the

chances

school, then

why

would seem to be better."
Powers did suggest, however, that the
league may need readjustment. According to

AAA school?" asks Bridenstine.

"It's

Powers, the league could be

the course of

one season, the Panthers must

play nearly half

tlieir

schedule against

schools. "If you're an

play a

a better

more nummore than one

athletes with

to athletics," says

season

^

school.

much better
when it comes

Southern Columbia, are

"The pool of athletes becomes the biggest
concern," says Lynn. "If you have a pool of
200 people and a pool of 300, who's going to
chance

But the

smaller schools, such as

have the number advantiige.

get the better people?

it.

mood of Powers swayed after the
game losing streak ended with a w

A

AAA

Bob Quick
"When you play

split into

two

out of your league." Current coach

divisions, one with the bigger schools, the

agrees with Bridenstine.

otlier

with the smaller. This way, the smaller

against a larger school, you don' t just lose the

schools could

game, you also lose physically," says Quick.

losing to

"You can

play.

lose athletes [to injury] during

those games.

schools your
It is

It

hurts your chances against

own

size."

ultimately the school board's deci-

sion to accept Bridenstine's proposal, and

It

still

play the larger ones, but

them would not hurt

also

would

among

let

in divisional

schools judge where

make another
lem

is

division, and the major prob-

finding schools from the area that

fit

into the small school category.

Bridenstine says he

is

a

little

disturbed

nobody else has stepped forward to the school
board

to

help his cause. "Everybody

I

have

other schools of similar

talked to has agreed with me, outside of the

size.

However, Quick points out there is a
in this idea. The initial problem is
whether or not there are enough schools to

school board," he says. "I'm not aware of

major flaw

anybody who's done anything

they stand

to support

it."

Some support for his proposal came from

For Beer on a !Budget
"Stop at the BCinkin^ Li^ht"

Av#ards« Trophies
Plaques* Silk Screening
Engraving* Embroidery

Inn

CCeo's
fit.

42

&>

Hain

D.J. Tri.
Spring-Summer 1991

8o

St.,
Sat.

Numidia

Nights

Sporting Goods & Appare!
Licensed Mdse. & Appare

Wagner's Trophies
6c Engraveables
138

E.

Main

St.,

Bloomsburg

784-6025
11

against other schools in different sports other

than football." But Bridenstine's research

School Populations 1989-90

shows

W^^^M^MgfMfMfMfi
^smms^m'
^^^g^^ZSQZ^SZS!

Selinsgrove
Mifflinburg

v^M^f^y^^Mf^^MfMmmm

years.

Danville

say, however, the issue

is

firms this, saying the issue is brought up after

every season for each sport.

Lynn

Cent. Columbia

issue

Lewisburg

believes a big problem with the
the population of the school

is that

constantly fluctuating.

Williamsport

BL00M5BURG

of Males

the best football team ever assembled and not

^^g^^

Columbia

get the points to play for a state

title."

The district point system makes dropping

800

600

400

200

is

"We can schedule all

A schools now and in two years possibly be
a AA school," Lynn points out. "We could be

School

in

Muncy
So.

Lynn does

under constant evaluation, and Powers con-

Warrior Run

5.

major sports have had

one being wreswhich hasn't had a winning season in

tling,

^mmm

Milton

that the other

less success than football,

the level of competition a problem. District

computed by the number of victoand the size of your opponents.

ratings are

Data Provided by Bob Quick and Gerald Powers

ries

A victory against any size school is worth
ihe Press-Enlerprise,

We're

inc a rose in

which gave Bridcnstweekly "Roses and Thorns"

that,"

Lynn says his attitude to-

As

iis

section for his idea.

at the point

where we've reached

he says.
athletic director,

Lynn

believes he

You

five points.

receive four additional

points for playing a

AAAA school, three for

AAA, two for AA,

and one for A.

of com-

Hence, a victory against a

AAAA

wards the subject has changed from the time

must be

fair to all sports. If the level

When

petition

would drop for football, then it would

worth nine

have

drop for every sport. "Football

them, even if you lose, is automatically worth

he was a coach to athletic director.
coaching,

Lynn believed

his

team was often

overmatched. "You can't put a 119 pound
wrestler up against a 185

pound

wrestler.

to

parently

all

that matters

should," says Lynn.

332 Main

^^^

St.

ap-

is

but just playing

four points.

"We have good records

^

PIZZA

is

and other sports

district points,

Therefore, only scheduling schools that

TOWN
Catawissa

356-2188

TRADITIONAL & SICILIAN PIZZA
DINNERS
Lasagna



Spaghetti

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12



Sun. 4-10
Spectrum

arc

AA

and

A make

it

difficult to enter the

fact there

it

However, Quick and Bridcnstine believe
always necessary to play games for

done

isn't

this reason.

"Do you

do you

U-y to

play

to

up to the students themselves

it's

speak up on the

your best football every Friday night?" says

who must endure

Quick. "I'd rather have a successful regular

the gridiron.

issue, for they arc the

When McDonald,
freshman

"You don't always

win every
game than play in any
post-season game."
to

Regardless of

learn things in

any

"Your Shasta Top

Volume Dealer"

it

that

way,

for

are wrong.' That's what's a

little

Area's Largest

sullenly, "I loved

work

Selection of

results

games, and not quit

wouldn't be a bad

it

But they don't see

no

dishearten-

was discussed at the next
school board work session, but little was
done about it. He's not upset the issue was
The

A: IIV s

should have been his

Still,

good reasons I can think of. At least give me
something back that says, 'This is why you
ing."

Blooms-

was very disappointing."
Powers believes that results don't
always separate the winners from the losers.
"Any kid who can put on a uniform, lose 28

make any difference to
make the change," he says.

just thought

at

University,

football, but to

playing against odds they don't have to play
I

Motors

so hard practicing every day and never get

"I think it's unfortunate that the kids are

idea.

by

is

the issue. "It doesn't

against.

life

winning."

not going back to the school board to press

don't

currently a

"glory days," he says

strongly he believes,

me if they

burg

ones

bruises on

looks back at what

how

Bridenstinc says he

bumps and

tlie

season by having a
chance

Heritage

in the future.

Perhaps

play a football season

solely for district points, or

was seemingly little response. How-

Powers and Lynn say the issue is"always
being looked at," and something may be

ever,

post-season district playoffs.

topic

neither approved nor dropped, but rather the

is

That

isn't a loser.

to

me

a winner, because not everyone can do

that," says

RVs
Motor Homes

Powers. "In sports, we always get

hung up on winning. But you don't always
learn things in life by winning."
It's been said that it's not whether you win
or lose, it s how you play the game. B ut after
two and a half years of losing, maybe it's ume
to give Bloomsburg a fair chance to win.S

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Spring-Summer 1991

Pizza, Inc.

13

a

The

school

bell

Marzewski

never rings for the

children, but recess

comes

just the same, bringing different kinds of

amusement

to

each child. Jason puts away

his seventh-grade history

and math books

home schoolers, Marzewski now spends her
days in the "school room" of her home

room

room outfitted with desks and various school
supplies. The three children can often be

tional activities



found there together,

in a

one-room school
one anothers'

and reaches for sketching paper and a book of

house

military planes. Esther, a second-gradcr,rcads

lessons and working on their assignments for

a book about sea otters to her

the day. Jason

who

Sara

clutches a doll almost half her size.

These are the only three
the

little sister

Marzewski

living

at recess today, but

room wasn't made

for

situation, listening to

works with his mother daily on

history, math, english

and science. Esther

concentrates on reading, writing, and spelling.

And Sara, at a level just below kindergar-

and chores.
them lessons when they
don't know they're learning," Marzewski

When

says.

Learning has always been a part of

home life. But, since

September, Jane Marzewski has ac-

cepted the responsibility for her
brood's complete education. She

tries to

properties that explain ho
rise.

And in

to discover

dumb

to Dr.

Miller. Prior to 1988, the superinten-

State

to 5,000

parents in the state have opted to explore

offer her.

She especially enjoys

to

listening to

Marzewski intends

to follow the

180 day

she notes these days will have more natural

rise. "I

suspect the

number of

a

little later

one day

if

much

incon-

sistency within the state system.

Now,

on home schoolers

restrictions

A

more

who wants

are

their local school district.

The parent must

have a high school diploma or

which
tional

is

to

its

equivalent

determined by a General Educa-

Development (GED)

test.

The home

time," she says. "This

mit a statement of teaching goals and objec-

can be sure that

But learning

parent

school supervisor candidate must also sub-

covered the material."

I

go

less.

work-

areas are going up while others remain stable."

way,

But,

"We may

the lesson we're

ing on requires

Having joined the increasing ranks of

districts.

breaks than in a public school.

home schoolers is increasing," he says, "but
it is a pocket phenomena in which certain

14

the courts said this

teach in the home must submit an affidavit to

And Miller says
that he believes the incidenceof home schoolon the

However,

classes.

requirement of many school

is

to

considerably

schooling as an alternative to formal

across 500 school disU"icts.

had

stories and participating in her older siblings'

education. These parents are distributed

ing

district

approve a parent's home schooling

to teach."

any lesson her mother has

al-

to parents, according to

practice allowed for too
ten, delights in

Ken Miller of the

covers the windshield

frost

nights.

dent of the local school

plan.

schooling.

According

home

why

This kind of freedom was not

ents in Pennsylvania who have turned

Department of Education, 3,500

w yeast makes bread

the car, she challenges the three

ways given

convince people they

are too

is

explain mathematical

tries to

concepts like frac- tions, and the chemical

"I believe the school system

one of an increasing number of par-

home

the children help her bake, for

example, she

on cold

the Marzewski 's

often

"I like to give

many more.

to

Marzewski home. She

in the

interjects lessons into her children's recrea-

I

have completely

isn't restricted to the class-

tives

and undergo various criminal

history

checks.

The parent may

or

may

not choose to

Spectrum

follow ihc curriculum of ihc school

district.

However, the home school supervisor must
keep a log of what has been taught and a
portfolio of the child's work. This material

is

reviewed once a year by an evaluator who delivers a testimonial to the

school

district.

Home schoolers arc required to teach five
hours per day for elementary children, and
five

Even more than

and a half hours per day forchildrcn over

twelve.

her lessons, Sara

The parents may conceivably teach

from kindergarten through grade twelve

loves having her
if

mother and siblings

they choose to do so.

home every

However, unless a special formal education process is

followed, the state

obligated to supply the child with a diploma,

says Miller. This can cause problems

if

day.

Today, her mother
reads to her about
sea otters.

not

is

the

go to college. In such cases,
the child would have to pass the GED or high
school equivalency exam.
Most colleges have realized that home

child wishes to

schooling
tion

is

a viable option to formal educa-

to make policy decisions
home schooled admission candidates.

and have had

about

Photo by Jennifer Moon

"We do not discriminate against them," says

GED is an acceptable

Bcrnie Vinovrski, Director of Admissions

not have a diploma, a

at

Bloomsburg University. "But, they must
have competitive SAT's and a high school
diploma in order to be considered." How-

substitute.

have the child's best

Marzewski

ever, Vinovrski says, if the applicant

Having made the decision to educate at
home, Marzewski had to make arrangements
with the Millville Area School District. "They



docs

Academic programs

MBA,

communication

nursing,

studies,

and

education

•11

just playing

"Parents teach their children from con-

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hooky."

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BLOOMSBURG

17 graduate programs,

including the

says,

make

interests at heart,"

in

nearly 100 areas of study


(the school district officials)

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Spring-Summer 1991

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(717) 389-4316
15

husband David. She says she was very

opti-

mistic about teaching at that time but, "that

was twenty years ago, and

things are differ-

ent now."
Dissatisfaction with the school system

firstencouraged Marzewski to research home

schooling possibilities.

"My

son was

terror-

ized by a kindergarten teacher who screamed
at the children
idiot,"

and told Jason he was an

she says.

According to Marzewski, her son 's teacher
did not follow up on lesson material properly

and then blamed the children when they
didn't understand her. "She would tell the
class to write the numbers from one through
a hundred," she says. "But, she did not check
their progress during the exercise; so, she

was not

there to help

them

if

they had

made

a mistake at ten."
Photo by Jennifer Moon

Jason, Esther, and Sara Marzewski spend an afternoon learning about finance
and mathematics the old fashioned way through a rousing game of Monopoly.



ccption on up whether they realize

Marzewski notes.
"But, once children reach a

it

I

grade

first

we're no

believe the school system

youiiComt

tries to

convince people they arc too dumb to

leach; that just isn't true."

level, they [the schools] try to tell us

longer qualified.

or not,"

'Bacl
Marzewski taught second-graders in Alayear and a half. She left teaching
go back to college, where she met her

In his later school years, Jason developed

school. Finally, his mother entered him in a

where he could get

private Christian school

more personalized instruction. "But, by this
time he had a lot of catching up to do," she
says."He needed more individualized attention than the school could spare."

bama for a
to

math and did not enjoy

a real problem with

am

'1 feel I

person to

^orSi^peat Performance

the best
tell

children what
all

about.

my
life is

Why settle

for second best?"
In a classroom with fifteen to twenty

other students, children will often

minds wander. But, Marzewski

"Encore Oiair

& Ccmvpus CCtpper

one-to-one basis,

if

let their

says,

on a

the child tunes out, you

can bring him back immediately.

Marzewski

feels the school

system

is

not

ideal for educating children. In such a sys-

J^uCC Service O^amity Salons

tem, children are more infiuenced by peer
pressure than by anything academic, she

Styles»Cuts»Perms»Coloring

says.

Walk-ins

At home, she believes, her children can

concentrate on learning.

Special Rates for Students and Senior Citizens

"My children don't feel they have to have

Welcome

the latest thing all their friends are getting,"

she says. In this way, Marzewski believes her

Tanning Services Available

children have

Open Monday through

Friday 9-9

Saturday 9-4
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more time

ing. "I think they are

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to devote to learn-

happier people," she

says.

"They are more relaxed and can go

their

own

at

speed."

Explaining her dissausfaction with the
established system

,

Marzewski points also to

the drug dealings and inappropriate language

Spectrum

many

of

school children. She believes Uicre

a flaw in a system

is

children

are being tested not to

which produces young

who do drugs

make

the grade, but to

Sit Sacl(iand enjoy

understand."

She must also decide what she wants

or talk trashy. "It's

The

simply a matter of economics, "she says. "If

leach her children.

IBM makes

riculum varies a great deal, especially

a computer that spells words

more money

to

slate teaching curin the

problem will work
company will redesign
the product." As a result, she believes home
schooling might be the way to clean up the

At these levels, the individual student often chooses between a
variety of history, geography, and scxnce
courses. Marzewski, however, has a broader
plan for her seventh grader. "I would like him

educational system.

to

While Marzewski may believe in guarding her children from some of life's harsh re-

today, and to be able to express himself and

wrong,

it

will not put

project in a

hope

upper grade

into the

that the

itseifout. Instead, the

she docs not think she

alities,

my

So

children should or should not be

sheltered from," she says.

about

to hear
I

feel

son

am

I

my

to tell

"They don't need

Why

settle for

second

Applying an

article

things.

I

that

we

learn

it

is

to

up

can;

in the

all."

a)

her reading level.

Despite the apparent

'Jennie'

success with her children,

Marzewski notes

there

Fri.,Nov. 8

is

a movement against home

"Some parents

'Stars

think you miss out on a lot

!Mazo'Wsze

She does not worry

Thurs.Jan. 23

that her children are

lacking in socialization; she says

have friends

in her

all

three

neighborhood and are

Ctevetand Quartet

active in various recreational activities.

The question of home schooling supriscd
the Marzewski children at first. "She popped

jective in the content of her children's les-

on us," Jason says. But, he notes he enjoys

own

comes up, I tell them, 'I believe this, and
some day you must make a decision between
the two.'" For example, she remembers a
time when the question of creation versus

Marzewski says she often

evolution arose during one of her son's les-

schooling because he gets out earlier,

has less pressure, and understands his lessons

Esther finds she can go at her

sons. "If a question of contradicting theories

And Sara just
enjoys having her sibUngs home with her and

sons.

being included

terial

gets ahead of her lessons.

in their lessons.

of secular humanism, often shows only one

lesson plans.

children to explore both possibilities."

side to this issue," she says. "I

Overall,

Marzewski

finds

want

home

my

school

slandiirdized tests

which many companies

well worth her efforts. "I'm enjoying them,"

offer.

These

don't always follow the

she concludes. "I'm proud

book,

many

tests

times don't

clude several

make sense, and

in-

wrong answers.

"I often test orally during the

the lessons," she says. "This

Spring-Summer 1991

when
I've taught them something. And I
too.

course of

way the children

Opera

'Carmen
Sun.,

March 22

'Tippin
Sat.,

March 28

as both sides of the issue had to offer. "I

believe the school district, following a theory

disillusioned with the

TittsSurgfi

Marzewski and her son took a trip to the
and found as much reading ma-

Marzewski chooses her own teaching maShe has found five or six companies
that produce what she feels to be high quality
is

Sun., Feb. 2

local library

terial.

However, she

14

And I have just as much right to my opinion."

weather; or, b) Harden them

fact,

(BoCsfioi'

high

to

Marzewski also believes she can be ob-

pace now. In

oftke

Thurs., Nov.

Put them directly in the

open garden conditions for small periods

better.

Sympfwny

Tues.,OcL 22

school," she explains. "I don't feel that way.

I

technique which exposes the seedlings

home

To(<:yo

can do one of

garden,

of time."

it

12

Sat., Oct.

she notes Esther has raised

by not going

they

garden and allow the weaker seedlings to

off, a

can't

'Rfimsey Leuns/'BiCCy ^ayCor

having trouble

math, but his judge-

schooling.

"Suppose I buy tomato
plants and raise them in
are ready to put

my

biggest problem

ing the question of over-

in the

grown as aperson."

is still

ment abilities are improv-

neat topics

to study. I guess

protection, she says,

When

is

ing dramatically. Also,

many

so

she once read concern-

a hot house.

to

has more confidence in

Marzewski says Jason

" There are

about.

all

is

best?"

shrivel

"He

himself," she says. "He's

in

children

life

Gelebrtty^rttstSertes

she has seen a great deal of prog-

the best per-

what

two

far,

ress in her son.

from a peer pressure group.

life

entertainment

his views," she says.

ing them. "I don't think otherpeople can say

what

cCass

levels.

know his way around his own world,
know how the world got to be where it

overprotect-

is

an evening offirst

BLOOMSBURG
UNIVERSIIY
A

I

Sl.,<.'\«>l,.rt../ ll.
  • ,..„

    I

    see that

    learn a lot

    I'm excited about next year. There arc so

    many neat topics to study. I guess my biggest
    problem is that we can't learn it all."S

    Ticket Inquiries:(717) 389-4409

    17

    According to Bonnie Johns, head nurse of

    by Kami Silk

    the Maternity Center,
    Facilities that treat the sick,

    Hospitals.
    injured,

    ness"

    is

    women whose

    pregnancy. Because of

    only

    this,

    "ill-

    society

    and the medical profession have labeled
    pregnant

    women

    says.

    "Only about 25 percent of our

    women

    are treated as

    Winona Cochran,
    and

    registered nurse, lay midwife,

    assistant

    hospital with people

    women arc put
    who arc ill and

    Advancements
    can

    now

    in

    A woman

    discover prior to birth, not only the

    sex of her baby, but

    if

    she

    is

    to

    resemble a home aunosphcre. They have a

    television, dressers,

    with

    all

    and a comfortable bed

    They

    the options of a hospital bed.

    have a hospital birth."
    offer the comforts of home and the security of
    the hospital.

    motivating
    to hospital

    advancements arc

    scientific

    some women to find alternatives
    birth. They want to experience

    birth as a natural process rather than a clinical

    one.
    "It

    never occurred

    to

    me

    that

    I

    wouldn't

    have a hospital birth," says Loannc Suavely,

    mother oftwo children born
    help of a midwife.
    into a friend

    along in

    my

    when

    I

    "My

    at

    home with the

    husband and

    was about

    three

    I

    ran

    months

    pregnancy. His wife had their

    "They 're the bestof both worlds,"

    says Kelly Peiffer, a registered nurse

    who

    previously worked in a maternity ward. Peiffer

    reasons

    women do

    home makes
    is

    Mishawaka, Illinois.
    But for many, the birthing room

    not as

    "One of
    holding

    my

    when

    Some

    some statistics

    that

    birth

    prove

    studies indicate

    home

    births

    may

    actually have fewer problems than hospital
    births.

    Hospital-bom babies greatly exceeded

    home-born babies in abnormalities, injuries,
    and infections. These surprising results may
    have something to do with the fact that midwives will not take on high-risk pregnancies,
    and women who are considered high-risk
    most likely want to have their babies in the
    hospital.

    "Midwives don't take chances," says

    "We

    labors and

    if

    we go

    monitor the

    there

    is

    women

    during

    any indication of prob-

    straight to the hospital."

    they were brand

    midwives are registered nurses, lay midwives are either trained and apprenticed, or

    hospitals have an

    two children at home and he was very knowl-

    unwillingness to ensure mothers their babies
    will

    be with them."

    home birth.

    not consider

    There are two kinds of midwives. Nurse

    new, wet creatures," says Snavely. "It was
    important to me to hold my babies immediately after birth.

    birth.

    me was

    the best feelings for

    babies

    baby's

    one of the principle

    wrong.

    Some

    lems

    good as home.

    is

    be the safest place, but many home

    Cochran.
    is

    in the

    people assume a hospital has to

    Intuitively,

    had her two children in a birthing center in

    edgeable on the subject."
    1i

    major roles

    Concern for safety

    this

    never occurred to
    me that I wouldn't

    any physical defects or retardation, and other

    But these

    say being at

    the birth easier because the familiarity

    "It

    problems well before the baby

    born.

    labor."

    Many women

    advocates point to

    expecting twins,

    is

    my

    during

    to play

    technology have given

    abilities to obstetricians.

    different nurses

    room."

    tious. Birth is a natural process."

    amazing

    many

    relaxing. Husbands and children are also able

    in the

    infec-

    knowing who would be

    liked

    decide to take advantage of our birthing

    professor of psychology at Bloomsburg
    University. "Healthy

    I

    and doctors, or strangers, would be in and out

    Birthing rooms are delivery rooms set up

    women

    says

    ill,"

    opt for a traditional delivery.

    "Also,

    there. In the hospital

    lithotomy (laying on their backs) births ," she

    as patients.

    "Today's pregnant
    though they are

    women

    "Most people are happier with regular

    and diseased.

    Yet, they're also facilities that routinely
    deal with healthy

    most

    Bloomsburg Hospital,

    go

    to

    schools specifically designed for mid-

    wifery. There is a national certification process, but

    it is

    not federally mandated that nurse

    or lay midwives be certified.

    The law

    varies

    Spectrum

    from

    state to state

    concerning the qualifica-

    only their patients

    at risk,

    and licensing of mid wives.
    Elaine Francis, certified nurse midwife,

    but also the doctors them-

    Gciscngcr Hospital, explains that nurse

    M.D., Bloomsburg Hospi-

    tions, education,

    midwivcs

    iire

    legal in all states, but only in a

    W.

    selves. Curtis

    tal

    Vickers,

    says, "Doctors have to

    Lay midnurse midwivcs

    carry heavy liability and

    and a distinction should be made.
    Two years ago, a bill was under consid-

    while midwives don't have

    eration in Pennsylvania dealing with the

    I'm not upset about

    few

    states iire lay

    midwivcs

    wives are not U'aincd like

    legalization of lay

    legal.

    midwivcs. Suprisingly, an

    community of Amish women came to
    on behalf of the profession. This made
    an impact on the court because the Amish arc
    private citizens who rarely venture beyond
    their own small community. For the Amish,

    malpractice insurance,

    until

    I

    have

    mistakes

    testify

    wrong with

    many

    it

    is

    a

    is

    common

    a

    practice, but for

    complex issue

    that requires

    was not

    a spur of the

    moment

    "We met

    sion," says Snavely.

    The

    lime was

    first

    with

    soon as

    liability suit) as

    I

    and child."

    Mary

    policy,

    to talk

    about

    it this way and
    was a healthy candidate. The second time was to discuss how to
    prepare for the actual labor. She also recommended prcnautl care with my doctor."
    Some doctors feel midwives may put not

    she thought

    in front

    agree to work on the mother

    lion

    our reasons for wanting to do
    10 see if

    nacy. I'm stepping

    goes

    prcg-

    of the firing lines (for a

    deci-

    Hostetler (a lay midwife) twice before the
    actual labor.

    home

    VickerscarriesaSl mil-

    serious consideration.
    "It

    a

    this

    up the

    to pick

    if something

    entire

    midwifery

    much.

    to carry nearly as

    I

    .SUPPLY,
    By-Rite 1
    ^^q

    liability

    insurance

    which costs him
    about 334,000 a year.
    "Overall, 334,000 is a reasonably low amount compared

    to cities like

    New

    >.^L
    Loanne Snavely proudly displays her new child, Elody,
    delivered by midwives Mary Hostetler (left) and Becky
    Smith.

    York and Philadelphia,"
    says Vickers.

    cine.

    This fear of a lawsuit

    many

    is

    what prompts

    They may do certain things just to cover

    themselves

    doctors to practice defensive mcdi-

    in

    case something goes wrong.

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    will

    do wiih a chart because we can be sued

    for not doing enough.

    We are forced to prac-

    defensive medicine. So doctors

    tice

    scheduled elsewhere. They do not want a
    variety of drugs that are not really needed.

    may do

    was

    "I

    Joseph,

    my

    had the

    ability

    This defensive medicine, according to
    Vickers, could sometimes lead to the use of

    the

    is

    to pass through. After the birth, the area

    stitched up

    Instead of letting nature take its course,

    doctors follow a theory of inter-

    vcntionism. Despite advancements, the

    number of

    my

    increased rather than decreased in the last

    decade.

    subtle risks are causing

    many of

    women

    lems. "I don't automatically do episi-

    otomies," says Vickers. "It's done

    babies at home."

    arc finding that laying

    the position

    most comfortable

    is

    not

    for them.

    Delivery rooms are designed for the conven-

    They do

    ience of doctors, not mothers.
    their labors to

    It's

    to

    a nice

    clean cut instead of ragged edges that

    may

    not tear in just one spot



    there

    could be a dozen tears."

    to look for

    horizontal with their feet up in stirrups

    want

    For some doctors, episiotomies are

    prevent extensive tearing.

    If

    were

    I

    in the hospital they

    may have

    thought the labor wasn't moving along and

    women

    our hospital

    an intervention to avoid other prob-

    the

    other alternatives.

    Pregnant

    at

    the technique of the physician."

    The odds of surviving a high-

    tech birth arc good, but

    "Most doctors

    mother's personal hygiene habits and

    I

    safe about having

    obstetrical interventions has

    is

    and this sometimes leads to infec-

    (Bloomsburg) do episiotomies," says
    Johns. "Infection depends on the

    me, 'Oh

    had
    confidence in Mary and
    felt comfortable and

    ones," says Cochran.

    many

    tell

    you're brave,' but

    counteract the effects of the original

    made

    is

    and rectum, to increase the space for the baby

    tion.

    "People

    "The more drugs a mother receives
    more other drugs she will need to

    cut

    the perineum, the area between the vagina

    by encouraging me to move around and squat.

    actually required.

    A

    was a long labor with
    says Snavely. "She
    and knowledge to speed it up
    it

    first child,"

    more drugs during a pregnancy and labor
    than

    practice used to speed

    the episiotomy.

    with scissors through the skin and muscle of

    because

    tetler) there

    possible for their patients," says Vickers.

    is

    have Mary (Hos-

    really glad to

    exotic tests to ensure they did everything

    common

    Another

    up births

    not

    be induced because other

    women need the delivery room or doctors arc

    gave

    me

    Pitocin or something to speed the

    Mary had the intimate knowledge on how to deal with it naturally." Pitocin is a brand name for oxytocin, a chemidelivery up.

    cal that causes the uterus to contract

    and

    But many times there may be no damage
    at all.

    Nancy Fleming,

    Ph.D., a certified

    nurse-midwife and clinical director

    for

    Comprehensive Women's Health Care Center in

    Hinsdale, Illinois, says,

    episiotomy
    of the

    is

    "When

    an

    not performed, over one-third

    women

    will not

    therefore induce labor or accelerate existing

    following birth, and

    labor.

    perineal

    need any suturing

    at least half will sustain

    damage (tearing) of a milder degree

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    PO

    P.O. Box 418 . Bloomsbcirg. PA 17815 • (717)784-5550 • (800) 222-2040
    Box 175 • Catowisso, PA 17820 • (717)356-2392 • (800) 242-2392 In PA

    In

    PA

    .

    FAX

    (717) 784-8471

    Spectrum

    ihan

    if

    an cpisioiomy were performed."

    procedure for a

    "Il's a routine
    tors,

    but

    would rather lake

    I

    than a 24-hour

    of doc-

    and not need

    be made

    to

    do an episiotomy cannot

    until right

    judgment

    call for

    Women who

    cutting

    down on room

    equipment

    thai increase cost aren't

    before delivery.

    It is

    a

    have a more personal experience than with an

    "Mary

    authoritative doctor.

    is

    such a

    warm

    not the most
    births

    "It

    were completely covered with our insurance," says Snavely. "But

    we wanted to have

    our children at home and our insurance didn't

    and warm feelings and

    cover

    my

    two children's

    I

    was glad

    births,"

    to

    have her

    tive

    Peiffer had a certified nurse-midwife at

    her two birthing

    room

    "Marta (her

    labors.

    midwife) was not only my friend, but also my
    partner during

    Cost

    home

    my

    another consideration

    is

    births or birthing

    hospital deliveries.

    in

    choosing

    rooms over regular

    According

    to

    vary, but

    some do provide coverage

    Dorothy

    wife. Birthing

    home

    for

    rooms are covered under most

    Birthing rooms and

    it's

    backward

    "People

    had confidence

    in

    Mary and

    able and safe about having

    CURTIS W.
    VICKERS, M.D.

    W€CL

    felt

    my

    PASSAT GLI
    CABRIOLET

    |-

    §1

    special JamiCt) touch.

    r

    CORRADO

    comfortbabies at

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    home. Jurnisfvings
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    but

    VANAGON

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    some, but for others

    me 'Oh, you're brave,'

    tell

    home," says Snavely. S

    S.

    JETTA GLI

    home births may seem

    to

    ered outpatient facilities that require less

    RICHARD

    FOX
    JEHA GL

    not offered

    an alternative to what hospitals have to

    offer.
    I

    Sometimes birthing rooms are consid-

    is

    "There arc no

    not used."

    is

    hospital Slay costs approximately $2,500,

    care costs.

    says,

    costs to cover because a professional facility

    like a step

    physician fees and prenatal

    Dugan

    births.

    Hospital, a normal delivery with a two day

    all

    VOLKSWAGEN

    for the

    professional services of acerlified nurse mid-

    Folk of the credit office of the Bloomsburg

    excluding

    Scott Dugan, a representa-

    to

    from Blue Cross-Blue Shield, policies

    insurance policies. Coverage

    labor," she says.

    WITH

    it."

    According

    Snavely says

    about her midwife.

    .V.

    would have been cheaper for mc to
    baby in the hospital because we

    my

    have

    and gentle person. She inspires confidence

    at

    FAHRVERGNUGEN

    iire

    usually less expensive than hospital births.

    doctors and midwives.

    use a midwife believe they

    is

    home

    important consideration,

    EXPERIENCE

    and

    In addition, drugs, fetal monitors,
    otlicr

    often needed. Although cost

    says Snavely.

    The decision

    stxiy,

    cosLs.

    chance of

    the

    tearing than have an episiolomy
    it,"

    lot

    ...*^

    ^

    JACK METZER

    1
    -m



    VOLKSWAGEN
    Rf. 11 BIoom/Danv. Highway
    275-0040 or 1-800-698-9333

    ISometHin Siveetl
    '

    gynecoCogy

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    ...A.n extrcMjrdinart^ cancCt^J
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    in theProfessional BuUtting
    Locate.fi

    I

    ii

    'Botfi at

    232

    I

    PENN ST. & GLENN AVE.
    BLOOMSBURG, PA 17815

    (KdiX Street,

    g,

    'DanvUh

    ^

    275-9600
    'We

    »g
    i

    ,^

    ^



    We Service All VW Products*

    now ftave SridaC
    Seatbelts save

    (717)784-2557

    lives.

    Don t drink and

    drive

    im^S^mmtm^B^iiim

    Spring-Summer 1991

    21

    shillings,

    and 3 pence

    farthings
    |

    This plot of land, then known

    many

    RAVELING

    is

    "Peggy'

    much of what nov

    comprises the

    HROUGH
    IME

    in the area as

    Farm,"

    ti

    resort.

    In following years, the lan(

    changed owners several times

    by Dan Trexler

    some

    sections being sold off an(

    others added, until 1 828 , when Rev

    Henry Knoebel had a dream.
    That dream was to create a family
    amusement resort on a plot of land
    owned by his grandfather. Henry,
    who bore the same first name as
    his grandfather and was called
    "H.H." to avoid confusion, began
    to envision his dream coming true
    when locals began to frequent his
    "Swimmin' Hole" which was located on the waters of Roaring

    \

    ^*V'

    .t

    ^

    '
    \

    ^'4

    i

    '^"^ T-. I'

    Creek and Mugser's Run. Daring

    i

    into the

    Henry Hartman Knoebel pur
    chased it for the sum of $93 1. Thi;!

    sparkling waters from a covered

    purchase officially began what ii

    bridge near the

    known today as Knoebel's Amuse

    I

    swimmers would dive
    site.

    The resort itself has a long and
    to March 7, 1775, when John Penn,

    ment Resort.
    The park, under the direction o:
    "H.H.," continued to attract man)

    governor of the province of Penn-

    funseekers from the area through

    sylvania, signed a deed to transfer

    out the years.

    292 and a quarter acres of land to
    John Salter, for 14 pounds, 12

    pool to replace the "Swimmin

    interesting history that dates

    back

    With the addition of a concrete

    I

    :^M."^
    Hole," a steam-powered carousel
    (the park's first ride),

    '''

    ?K"^^

    and a restau-

    park officially became

    rant, the

    recognized as Knoebel's

    ment Resort,

    Amuse-

    in 1926.

    Joe Muscato, director of park
    advertising

    and public

    relations,

    attributes the park's success to the

    strength of the

    Knoebel family

    throughout the years of the park's
    existence.

    "There was no reason for the
    park ever to succeed, except for
    the

    hard work and dedication on

    behalf of thefamily,"hesays
    ire

    now

    Jiink

    "We

    a tourist destination

    we've reached



    that distinc-

    jon."

    Knoebel's has also prided
    self in its ability

    it-

    to expand with the

    T
    A

    ^^i^*>

    Photo By Allen Ambrosini

    Knoebels continues

    ment

    lo provide excite

    Grand Carousel
    (left), the resort's first ride; The
    Giant Flume (right), the
    latest ride; and The
    Ttie

    witti

    Jet Star (below)

    ^^
    \t

    Photos by
    Terry Wild

    \

    times, while
    slill

    to

    Since

    being able

    t

    remain afam-

    " e X
    p

    ily-orienledpark.

    "Since 1985,

    sion"

    this

    park has exploded

    Icnil)

    ^v**'

    says Muscaio, adding ihat this

    has a great deal lo do with

    lai'gestin

    named

    the forlieih

    figures.

    added new rides and

    atlraclions, overseeing

    ihe

    setup of each and every one lo asllie

    iheUniied Slates, based

    on ailendance

    -

    1

    1985,

    ihc park has consis-

    m

    terms of size and siatus,"

    park being

    m

    h e

    more

    "We

    tam the natural

    project than a

    park

    typical

    would do.

    When

    ride opened,

    much about

    it

    beauty of the park,"
    that

    we knew
    as anyone."

    These days ihe amusement
    is run by the third genera-

    says

    Knoebcl

    take an aggressive

    tomer with quality

    resort

    with polite service

    of the family atmosphere.

    lion of ihe Knocbel family, wiih
    Dick Knocbel serving as ihe gen-

    aunosphere."

    just

    ride," said

    added the flume

    Muscato.

    "We

    did

    eral

    manager and

    --^

    ^"^.

    president.

    "We
    atti-

    tude on pleasing the cus-

    sure safely and ihc mainicnance

    "We

    are

    gomgto main-

    with

    service,

    in

    a pleasing

    (Additional research

    was done

    S

    by Diane Wojnar.)

    Inter-Sorority Council

    of

    Bloomsburg University
    1 1

    Sororities

    for

    AZA
    AZT

    The Community
    Alpha Sigma Alpha

    Supporter of Special Olympics

    Alpha Sigma Tau

    AZA
    AZT

    Supporter of Pine Mountain

    AEB

    AOE
    0TQ

    Working Together

    Delta Epsilon Beta

    AEB

    Supporter of the American Red Cross

    Delta Phi Epsilon
    Supporter of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

    Theta Tau

    Omega

    AOE
    QTQ

    Supporter of the Bloomsburg Health Care Center

    ZZZ

    Sigma Sigma Sigma

    ZZZ

    Supporter ofRobby Paige


    OIX

    Phi Delta
    Supporter of the American Cancer Society

    Phi Iota Chi
    Supporter of Special Olympics

    OZZ

    Xen
    XZP

    Phi Sigma Sigma
    Supporter of the National Kidney Foundation

    Chi Theta Pi
    Supporter of Special Olympics

    Chi Sigma Rho
    Supporter of the American Cancer Society

    OA
    OIX

    OZZ

    X0n
    XZP

    ^f J

    Into the

    ^

    'i
    3ati^

    Wild Bloom
    Yonder
    By Jane Mehlbaum
    was
    When heBarsUer

    15,

    Forty-eight years later,

    lied

    after finishing high school

    about his age to begin

    and spending two years
    in the army, Barstler is

    Bill

    working as a lineboy
    at Columbia Airways.
    Working 4 p.m. to mid-

    now

    —adecentwageback
    1943 — Barstler gassed

    hour

    The

    He

    airport, located

    when

    discovered his

    of the S usquehanna River,

    was forced
    true

    airport.

    on the east side of
    Bloomsburg on the banks

    and cleaned planes.
    his bosses

    Co-

    owner of the Bloomsburg

    night at forty cents an

    in

    the president of

    lumbia Aircraft Services,

    to quit

    was

    age a few months

    built in

    -I'&t'

    1932 by inHarry L.

    dustrialist

    later.

    J
    #

    '':j'y

    «««^

    -<^
    "'

    -Jit

    /

    A^'--^..

    ^;,^.,,i,«i.ifejym;»'^

    #>,
    BLOdMSBUR^,

    j'.-^^t.

    ,

    .4>^t>.

    1

    980^

    .

    Magcc. In 1945, Magcc sold the aiqoort to
    the town of Bloomsburg with the understanding that il would remain an airport.

    Geisingcr Medical Center,
    Danville, uses the airport to fly
    in

    teams of surgeons and organ

    was taken over by
    Columbia Aireraft Services, which today is
    owned and operated by its employees. "The

    donations; industries

    airport pays rent to the town," says Bars tier,

    clients;

    "but the expenses, such as lighting, cutting

    as undertakers, also benefit by

    In the early

    grass,

    1950s

    il

    plowing snow, repairs

    to the build-

    and insurance arc our responsibility."
    Tiie airport employs seventeen full and

    men

    part-time employees and

    is

    the second larg-

    engine builder on the cast coast. Not too

    many people know what kind
    done

    there, but Barstler

    of work

    is

    admits they have so

    much business right now they can't take care
    of

    it,

    yet

    none of the workers are complain-

    it

    to

    out; sales-

    fly in to deal

    with local

    in

    and veterinarians, as well

    availability.

    its

    "Very

    ings,

    est

    u.se

    and

    business

    fly

    flying

    is

    little

    recreational

    done out of the

    Bloomsburg airport, says Bar"You'd be surprised at the

    stler.

    who come in here and
    we go for an airplane

    people

    say 'Can
    ride?'"

    Becauseof liability and

    changing limes, pilots are relucpeople up. "It's

    Photo by Jennifer Moon

    George
    Columbia

    ing.

    tant to lake

    Columbia aircraft provides many services for companies witlithcir own airplanes,

    almost a thing of the past, and

    including reconditioning, as well as building

    bering, "It used to be nice to see

    engine parts and performing

    people come down on a S unday. They'd wait

    and one

    fifty

    hundred hour inspections.

    that's too bad,"

    for

    Most aircraftcoming into the airporttoday

    Karl

    repairs a plane's engine

    at

    Aircraft Services.

    really enjoyed

    it."

    Accidents are something those Sunday

    have business connections, and, on a busy

    the shop

    he says, remem-

    somebody to take them up, and when they

    went up Ihey

    in

    saw very

    of at the Bloomsburg

    very conscientious crew and they do a nice
    job," he says.

    "Most of my people have been

    here for fifteen and twenty years; there's

    been very

    little

    turnover."

    Most accidents occur

    day,BarstlcrandhiscrcwwiIlsec 100 to 150

    flyers

    planes land. However, these planes often are

    airport.

    carrying engine parts being dropped off for

    lot safer than

    mechanical errors occur," he says, "you're

    his staff

    given a

    service, or people flying in

    on business.

    Now We're Bigger

    &

    little

    According

    to Barstler, aviation is a

    most people think, and he and
    make it a main priority. "I've got a

    error,

    as a result of pilot

    according to Barstler. "Not too

    lot

    many

    of indication that something

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    Spring-Summer 1991

    Millvtlle

    Orangeville
    South Centre

    27

    is


    going wrong, and you should be on top of

    first

    what you're doing."

    Barstler, pointing out,

    Unfortunately, accidents do happen. In
    1984, aHarrisburg

    woman,

    she was not accustomed

    flying an aircraft

    to,

    later, in

    and was

    "we put a new apron
    the parking area where the tie downs are



    last year."

    made a bad

    killed.

    a separate incident, a

    "It

    put his

    craft

    warns

    Barstler
    threat.

    was

    "We

    injured.

    always a

    that the river is

    watch

    it

    very closely," he says.

    Sunday. They'd wait

    During the flood of 1972, Barsder says, "we

    somebody to take
    them up, and when
    they went up they

    had six feet of water in the office. Since then

    for

    we've been a lot more conscious of it. We lost
    everything and had to start all over."
    New York state has also added a few
    dams, which reduced the number of sudden
    of the Susquehanna

    rises that affect the portion

    really enjoyed it."

    River flowing by the airport. According to

    dams

    Barstler these
    the river

    "We know
    have a

    it

    in

    would
    where

    forced to

    also

    be put

    in to free

    planes are

    all

    now

    and going

    up the runway,
    is

    taxi,

    very danger-

    of planes coming in

    out.

    Al though the extended runway will add to
    the safety of the airport,

    it

    will

    have no

    bearing on the size of the aircraft flying into

    Bloomsburg. According

    to Barstler,

    many

    insurance agencies do not want their aircraft

    coming into a field that is less than 3,600 feet
    long.

    There are some people, however, who use
    the airport for something other than business.

    B ud Thiel Nescopeck, is a recreational flyer.
    ,

    "I started flying in the military," says Thiel.

    "When

    the

    war ended,

    I

    started flying out of

    Bloomsburg." Thiel has been flying out of
    the Bloomsburg airport since World War II

    when

    Bloomsburg.

    lot

    to

    parallel taxi

    it

    was nodiing but a grass

    field with

    no

    we

    very close to a settlement in which they

    runway.

    more time here."
    crew arc continually

    would acquire the land on the east end, which
    is in Scott Township.

    During World War II, along with an Army
    Air Force program, the Navy asked

    if

    litUe

    more control of

    create

    and they notice

    wide

    feet

    A

    ous when there are a

    used to be
    nice to see people
    come down on a

    Two weeks

    man

    by 100

    size to 3,700 feet long

    give a larger safety margin.

    which, according to Barsder,

    plane in the river. Fortunately, no one on

    board the

    in

    Barstler also says that they are

    panicked when

    she approached the runway,
    landing, crashed,

    phase of expanding the airport," says

    the Ilood gates are closed,

    Barstler and his

    trying to bring the airport

    up

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    Attempts are also being made to lengthen

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    diu-ds

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    currendy 2,800 feet

    long by 50 feet wide. Barstler

    is

    trying to

    obtain federal funding that will increase the

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    State College, one of only four

    colleges in the country to conduct special-

    ized training for
    train

    Navy

    flight instructors, to

    V-5 and V-12 cadets out of the airport

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    This two-year program, 1943 through 1944,

    250 Naval

    resulted in the training of

    flight

    Flying, according to Sharrow,

    way

    of keeping your ego

    matter

    instructors.

    Although military training
    the past at the airport, there

    is

    a thing of

    is

    still

    some

    Through the efforts of the Parlor City Flight Club (PCFC)
    and its instructor, Dick Sharrow of
    training taking place there.

    Millville, people

    can

    still

    PCFC— formed in

    learn to fly.

    says,

    how big

    your ego gets

    "when you

    also a

    is

    ground

    down here," he
    how

    airport,

    get up in the air and see

    small you really are,

    it

    airport also has the

    "No

    check.

    in

    puLs you right back

    into perspective."

    After forty-eight years of working at the

    relaxation,

    Boslego, Columbia Aircraft Services'

    stockroom clerk, and three others

    members who
    fly just for the fun of it. About onethird of its members arc beginning
    students. "It's a cheap way to learn,"
    has about sixty local

    really are,

    it

    went through a series of
    had skids on them for
    tail wheels, then they went to tricycle
    landing gear," he says. Weight-perhorsepower has also significantly inthose days

    the

    A

    popular plane

    Ronca C3



    in

    often re-

    ferred to as the "Hying bathtub"

    —with

    only 36 horsepower. Today, most engines have

    initiation fee

    of $100,

    is also a charge of $20 per flight.
    Sharrow says most people in the club use

    There

    means of relaxation. "This

    is

    my

    Sharrow also sees the

    airport as a benefit to

    local business. "Airports bring in a lot of

    commerce," he says. "One of the

    first

    things

    asked when developing a new business

    is

    'where's the nearest airport?'"

    good routine break. That's what most people

    In order to accommodate this influx of
    commerce, the Bloomsburg Airport has had
    to make a few improvements over the years.
    "We've added additional buildings, shop
    space, and stock rooms," says Barstler, point-

    club use flying for," he says. "It's no

    ing out, "it's just been in the last couple of

    hang-out," says Sharrow, pointing out
    to bars, other

    that,

    people go to

    airports."

    in the

    was

    400

    to

    500 horsepower.

    In 1979, after spending thirty years in

    Members pay an

    He

    it,

    creased since then.

    puts you right

    back into perspective."

    plus monthly and flying fees of about S40.

    "some people go

    decades

    In the first

    planes had open cockpius and, as

    stages. "First they

    says Sharrow.

    flying as a

    all

    Barstler puts



    "When you get up in the air
    and see how small you

    1965 by Mike

    Barstler and his crew have seen

    many changes in aircraft.
    of night,

    Along with recreation and

    added plus of an above

    fuel system.

    also sees flying as a hobby. "It's a

    different than boating or

    snowmobiling."

    For All
    Your Auto
    Parts Needs

    years that we've added a

    new

    hanger." The

    shop building engines, Barstler became
    manager of operations and president of the
    employee-founded corporation. Now most
    the

    is spent in the office and away
    from the planes. "I soloed back in the 1940s,"
    he says, "but I like this end of it better."

    of his time

    After forty-eight years with one employer,
    Barstler,

    somewhat reluctanUy,

    is

    now

    con-

    sidering retiring. "I hate to think about leaving," he says, adding, "I

    work with

    nice

    have a good job, I like what I'm
    doing, and I hate to give it up." S

    people,

    I

    Husky Ambassadors
    "Share the vision that
    commitment to the
    University

    should

    can and
    lost

    a

    lifetime!"

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    the student body at Bloomsburg University,
    They participate in special activities and programs
    that bring the alumni, student body, faculty and
    community together.

    For

    more

    information call 389-4058
    29

    A

    lean, red

    meat source

    no one's

    that

    'herd' of

    a/\fpO(P
    According

    Diane Stoy, operations director of Lipid
    at the George Washington University

    to

    Research Clinic

    Medical Center, buffalo may prove to be very important to
    meat eaters who want to have their meat and eat a healthy
    diet as well.

    According
    '^^^^Siis^SSjjjSaCSCSG^^

    to

    However, they

    will

    have

    to

    pay the

    price.

    Mike Thompson, Thompson Packing Com-

    pany, Jersey Shore, buffalo meat

    sells for

    $8 per pound,

    about four times higher than ground round.

    by Renee
    4

    Buffalo are generally wholesome because of the

    Farrell

    6/^ne buffalo burger, medium-well please," orders a customer

    V^ dining

    at Fireplace

    number means good business

    this

    On

    his sixty-acre farm.

    More

    Restaurant,Tunkhannock.

    one hundred restaurants nationwide feature buffalo on
    and

    Law

    for Larry

    their

    than

    menu,

    Law, Sweet Valley.

    raises a herd of thirty-eight buffalo

    gathered from as far as South Dakota, primarily for slaughter.

    Law

    is

    one of twenty-five people

    buffalo for commerical purposes.

    in

    I

    who

    raise
    far, I

    expect fifteen to twenty returning institutions, distributors, and
    wholesalers," says

    anything

    I

    Law. "The demand

    is

    there. In fact,

    it

    far

    exceeds

    produce."

    handled as

    in

    little

    as possible.

    and very little time,

    if any, in

    They spend most of their time grazing,

    lot. Therefore, there is no need
    growth stimulants, or subtherapeutic antibiThe American Bison Association has even passed a resolution

    the feed

    for hormones, artificial
    otics.

    opposing the use of such substances
    Proper treaunent of buffalo

    concern over nutrition, buffalo-rearing

    essential to the rearing business.

    it is

    always better

    to practice

    of the buffalo, a watchful eye must be kept for internal

    parasites. Parasitized animals will

    protein source in maintaining the physical health of the Native

    are used to prevent parasitism.

    inserted in the feed

    produce poor quality meat.
    and water or injected intravenously,

    Now it returns as a lean red meat source with all

    the important characteristics today's health conscious

    consumer

    demands. Research conducted by the National Buffalo Association
    and the American Bison Association indicates that buffalo, as a red
    is

    is

    Danville, notes, "With any animal,

    Wormers,

    meat,

    of buffalo for

    prevention as opposed to practicing 'puttingout fires.'" Specifically,

    may be the "thing to do." Historically, buffalo served as an important
    American Indians.

    in the production

    Dr. Patricia Kitchen, a veterinarian at Leighow Veterinary Hospital,

    in the case

    With the recent increase

    they are

    meat.

    have retailed so

    Pennsylvania

    "Of what

    way

    raised and handled. Because of their independent nature, buffalo are

    low

    surprisingly

    "Hamburger meat

    is

    in cholesterol

    25 percent

    fat,"

    and

    Nutritional Comparison
    3 oz Serving
    Fat (grams)

    fat.

    says Law. "That's fme

    if

    you

    CholesteroKmg)

    don't expect to live past forty." Comparisons of the nuu-itional values

    of buffalo have

    shown

    that buffalo

    meat

    is

    low

    in fat

    and calories and

    high in protein and nutrients. Research conducted in 1988 by inde-

    pendent producer. Triple Seven Ranches, South Dakota, indicates
    that a three-ounce serving

    of buffalo contains 1.8 grams of

    calories, 21.7 percent protein
    terol.

    A

    calories

    A

    fat, 93
    and 43 milligrams/100 grams choles-

    three-ounce serving of beef contains 8.7 grams of
    and 55 milligrams/100 grams of cholesterol.

    diet

    heavy

    in fat

    and cholesterol-rich foods

    is

    fat,

    183

    unhealthy, with

    high blood cholesterol considered to be a major risk factor for

    coronary heart disease and stroke. Further,
    to breast

    and colon cancers

    —two of

    fat

    consumption

    High-fat foods arc also loaded with calories, so the

    more weight you are

    likely to gain; being

    more you

    overweight

    diabetics and those with high blood pressure.

    30

    is

    linked

    the leading killing cancers.

    is

    cat, the

    Buffalo

    Turkey

    Beef

    Chicken

    a factor for
    Research conducted by

    Dr.

    M. Marchello, University

    of North

    Dakota

    Spectrum


    Commcrical feed

    mills also

    trace of the mineral

    recommend

    Sclinium be present

    the animal.

    This assures that

    experience

    little

    iJie

    a

    anda

    faster rate. Fat acts as

    in

    must

    first

    bulTalo will

    trouble with calving,

    Law

    fore the cooking process of the protein begins.

    Consequently, the low

    buffalo insures that

    says.

    Becoming involved

    in the

    production of

    meat for consumption requires one
    the basics in understanding

    tlie

    to

    know

    buffalo.

    Ac-

    an insulator; heat

    penetrate this insulation layer be-

    The
    age of

    quality of

    tlic

    it

    will

    meat

    is

    content of

    fat

    cook

    Bloomsburg Veterinary Hospital,
    more muscle and

    large animal care requires

    more energy than
    mals. "Animals at

    the care of smaller anithat size tend to

    buffalo and the condition of the

    mesticated, buffalo

    still

    as docile

    and

    insist

    ing,

    wannth on

    buffalo]

    is

    In fact,

    [for

    it

    herd size

    1

    .3

    at

    a lower temperature

    will increase his

    mosUy because of

    acres of land per animal unit. With one

    in

    at

    S2,200

    herd size are doubtful

    thirty years ago.

    specialist in

    after being discharged

    sued a career

    in

    because of physical

    Vietnam War, he pur-

    banking.

    In the late 1800's, buffalo

    buffalo meat.

    the same, nor

    As a

    is

    every cut of

    buffalo gets older,

    its

    muscles become stronger, more coarse

    until

    that.

    disability during the

    is

    in

    Law

    Law served as a foreign
    the U.S. Army for 17 years, and

    1988. Prior to

    produce."

    I

    every buffalo

    except

    Law

    land restriction. State law requires there be

    nature, ihcy will not hesitate to react if they

    that of beef,

    that

    near future,

    did not start hisbuffalo-rearing business

    though buffalo are not mean animals by

    "The best philosophy is to always give
    room," says Law.
    Buffalo is cooked in a manner similiar to

    in the

    Sweet Valley nearly

    far

    "they are not a bunch of milk cows." Al-

    herd.

    al.so sells the

    Raising buffalo has been a long time dream

    exceeds anything

    Law, emphasiz-

    a buffalo

    and

    of Law. Although he bought the land

    on entering the fenced

    In the breeding season, buffalo can be

    sells

    considering Law's budget.

    there.

    maintain wild char-

    dangerous, aggressively protecting their

    sleigh rides,

    per acre, additions

    "The demand

    be more

    feci threatened.

    He

    skulls as wall hangings.

    and the average price of farmland

    when people label them

    area unaccompanied," says

    ways.

    buffalo being equivalent to two animal units

    while they have become semi-do-

    acteristics. "I cringe

    profits in other

    Chances are slim

    buffalo prior to processing. Naturally, not

    unruly," he says.

    And

    Law

    tanned buffalo hides, often worn as robes for

    faster.

    dependent on the

    cording to Dr. Michael DeMiirco, a vctcriniirian at

    meat,

    were danger-

    ously close to extinction; only a few hundred

    could be found

    in the

    United States.

    resulting in a tough, stringy piece of meat. If

    Today, over 80,000 roam on the private
    and public lands of this country. Buffalo no

    good condition, however, the

    longer are rare national treasures, but are a

    the buffalo

    meat

    is

    in

    will reflect in tenderness

    In addition to profits

    and

    flavor.

    from selling buffalo

    flourishing breed that are
    lar

    food source.

    becoming a popu-

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    31

    Photo by Jennifer Stetanick

    College students share their view of the
    world with area children
    He took his idea to Bob Peiffer, Protestant

    by Jennifer Stefanick

    Campus

    Ten children standing

    in a

    small circle

    held hands, their arms entwined.

    You

    Minister and Volunteer Services

    Coordinator at Bloomsburg University. Peiffer

    suggested that Wilson talk with a group of

    who were just

    could see their smiles and hear their laughter

    students

    as they tried to get themselves untangled.

    called the

    They were playing

    six

    while

    it

    the "knot

    might seem

    were actually

    learning valuable lessons about

    The children,

    for thirty or forty first-year

    "These fun

    activities

    students of the

    present the children with challenges to

    Bloomsburg Middle School,

    "It's a great

    students to

    work one-on-one with

    Many

    children said these study sessions

    "They're enjoying

    them

    to

    with challenges to

    overcome."

    The group
    for large

    gets together every

    the

    name

    for the

    "these people

    acronym

    SHARE as

    group because he believes

    who arc working with the kids

    are incredibly busy and under an awful lot of
    pressure, but they

    still

    have time

    themselves with the kids."

    32

    to share

    two weeks
    activities,

    ranging from pizza parties to hayrides, are

    After speaking with the group, he

    designed "to teach the children how to inter-

    faces," he recalls.

    the

    is pri-

    college students designed to teach leadership

    counselor of Bloomsburg Middle School,

    He chose

    only secon-

    SHARE

    group projects. These

    then approached the principal and guidance

    in 1983.

    like

    marily designed as a "mentoring project."

    act in large

    August 1990.
    He patterned the program after Second Mile
    in Stale College, a group he had worked with

    is really

    dary, according to Peiffer.

    remembers
    knot game.

    in

    t

    come."

    Tutoring, however,

    who were willing to help. Wilson and Peiffer

    SHARE

    '

    ing programs twice a week, that will get

    present the children

    found himself with about twenty students

    started

    and they look forward

    coming to school, and we have these study-

    skills.

    Wilson

    it

    Davis says. "Maybe if they don

    be fun, but you should also look
    lenges in a positive manner."

    the older

    are their favorite part of the program.

    overcome," he says. "They learn that life can
    at chal-

    says,

    chance for the middle school

    students and receive special attendon."

    to it,"

    life.

    Bloomsburg
    Middle School, were brought together by
    Students Helping Adolescents Reach Excellence (SHARE), founded by Andy Wilson, a
    secondary education/history major at
    Bloomsburg University. "These fun activities

    week course

    and games on

    like fun

    the surface, these children

    game," and

    finishing a program
    Freshman Leadership Program, a

    selor at

    who provided him

    with a

    list

    of children

    who

    would best benefit from the program, children who might not receive this kind of
    special attention at home.

    One of the

    things

    children with their
    after school.

    SHARE does is help the
    homework

    twice a

    week

    Laura Davis, guidance coun-

    group settings," says Wilson. He
    the first time they played the
    "It

    was great to see the kids'
    "They were having a

    great time and enjoying the heck out of
    trying to figure out

    And, when they
    tangled, there

    how

    to get untangled.

    finally got themselves un-

    was a shout and applause as
    The

    they patted each other on the back."
    lessons are subtle, and the children

    may not

    even consciously pick up on them, but

    Spectrum

    Wilson believes ihey will
    all

    of

    still

    benefit from

    "These kids are old enough

    this.

    that

    ihcy will be able to lake these kinds of expe-

    riences and hopefully apply thcrn to other

    aspects of their lives," he says.

    The volunteers arc not supposed to discuss
    the children's personal

    problems with them;

    however, Michelle Hirsch, one of the student
    volunteers and program coordinator for the

    group, says, "I like
    to

    you, and

    it

    when

    the kids open up

    think the children like

    I

    it

    that

    we're there to say, 'Hey, you're a good kid.'"

    who become

    Volunteers

    suspicious of seri-

    ous problems with any of the children are

    encouraged

    inform Davis.

    to

    The group's biggest problem

    right

    now

    is

    a lack of funds, whicii often causes transportation

    problems. They hope to do some fundbut rely on donations for now.

    raising,

    Domino's

    is

    among

    the participating busi-

    nesses, donating fourteen pizzas

    and

    them

    to

    Bloomsburg allows

    use their property at no charge.

    "These problems," says Peiffer, "arc nothing
    that

    money

    can't solve. There's

    no shortage

    S.H.A.R.E., helps Jim

    excited to be around us that

    it's

    Another problem the group has

    is

    conU'ol-

    "The kids

    are so

    hard to

    control them," says Wilson, "but, we're getting

    much

    better."

    According

    to

    Wilson,

    Hirsch has worked with children txjfore and
    is

    "outstanding" with them. In addition, the

    games they play help capture the

    of good will or expertise."

    ling the children's energy.

    of

    attention

    and channel

    their

    children's

    energy into one

    direction.

    The group is slowly gaining more volunword of its existence spreads. Right

    now they have about forty volunteers. Wilson
    says he

    is

    carpet

    ceramic



    hardwood



    remnants

    "very encouraged by the number of

    volunteers from the University," and
    ing to expand the

    is

    look-

    number of middle school

    children involved. PresenUy, there are about

    program, but there are

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    math homework.

    teers as

    "Here Where You

    !



    with his

    thirty children in the

    We Have You
    Covered

    Andrews

    sixty

    cans of soda for a pizza party; the First
    Presbyterian Church of

    Photo by Jennifer Moon

    Andy Wilson, founder

    Is

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    tile

    With thorough and
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    33

    by the

    have positive long term effects on many of
    the middle school children. "Many of these

    Although the project is new, the volunteers
    some minor changes in

    kids have never been challenged with the

    about

    How

    more on

    fifty

    the list provided

    middle school.
    are able to point out

    about

    ence I've seen is that during the very first ses-

    differendy. If you help people dream a dream

    we

    did, the kids

    were a

    leged to be a part of the project."

    to

    advan-

    tages for the volunteers involved with

    good

    price, think Perkins'Family

    Restaurant. For breakfast, lunch, or
    dinner, count on-Perkins to
    plate

    fill

    your

    without emptying your wallet.

    187 Central

    "It

    gets

    you away from the
    books, and it's a perfect way to build a
    resume," he says. But Wilson believes the
    most satisfying thing about being a volunteer
    is being there for someone else. "After a
    while," he says, "when you start to see the
    kids' faces react in such a positive way, you
    stop doing

    Dr.,

    it

    for yourself,

    and begin doing

    it

    overcome

    the problems they en-

    chaos



    this

    counter.

    He compares

    life to the

    "knot game"

    by saying,

    "It's basi-

    cally a circle that's col-

    lapsed
    If that

    itself in chaos.

    were

    to

    happen



    if your being
    you
    were to collapse in
    simple game shows the impor-

    tance of people

    to

    who

    are there with

    you

    to

    help you get untangled."

    Although

    that small circle often entwined

    children might

    seem

    on the surface,

    to

    be

    it's really

    all

    fun and

    games

    much more.

    It's

    children learning they really can succeed,

    they really can solve problems. All they need

    for them."

    Bloomsburg
    (717)784-1140

    teach the children is that they

    tries to

    really can

    Wilson points out

    you're hungry for a good meal at

    Wilson believes the most important lesson

    SHARE

    you help people
    dream a dream, and
    you give them
    dreams, you give
    them life itself."

    be a part of

    SHARE.

    itself."

    hopes

    ''If

    SHARE.
    that there are

    and you give them dreams, you give them life

    the

    at

    middle school will

    want

    He

    end of the school year, many other

    students

    a

    bit suspicious,"

    Peiffer says, "but now they feel kind of privi-

    that by the

    When

    idea of achieving excellence," he says.

    "Hopefully, now, they might set their sights

    sion

    lunch?

    "The biggest

    differ-

    the children's attitudes.

    Peiffer believes the project will eventually

    is

    a

    little

    help getting untangled.

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    Hidden

    Blue
    Ribbons

    HoIIqui

    Sharing a lifetime of experience
    with the county's young riders

    by Jennifer

    Moon

    talent for
    riders.

    Paula

    Hosking

    is in

    business to support

    her habit. Although her lifestyle involves

    long hours, low pay, and work in the out-

    doors

    all

    year long, Hosking, Benton,

    "wouldn't trade

    it



    young

    riding led her to start an Equine Explorers 4H

    Hosking, early instruc-

    Club and, later, a Pony Club. Her next project

    the early instruction of

    According

    to

    have

    was with the Northeastern Pennsylvania

    the training to be able to pursue any kind of

    English Riding Club, which was created to

    tion is important so that the students will

    riding

    when

    they are older.

    The job

    Running the farm, instructing students,
    and supporting them at shows are all demanding. Work on the farm begins around 6

    hard for

    be tedious, she says,

    some of her clients
    But they

    boring but

    it's

    time-consuming."

    to afford to

    all

    find a

    way

    to

    In 1984, a car accident

    and language

    ended both her

    next two years recovering. During that time,

    she sold a few horses and saw her daughter,

    that's acceptable."

    to fit

    Benton from

    much time, and she had

    Pony Club and the Equine Explorers Club. While working as a trainer,
    Paula was also giving riding lessons at the
    to leave the

    work at the farm and her riding lessons. Her
    neck was fractured and Hosking spent the

    who Hosking had been
    since she

    Hidden Hollow Farms began with the nine

    when they moved

    job began to take too

    of values and behavior

    riding into their budgets or schedules.

    with them

    herself,

    other farm.

    pay

    horses Paula and her husband Bill brought

    Before going into business for

    Hosking spent several years working at an
    area farm, training Arabian horses. But the

    "I insist on a standard

    for lessons, while others can't afford the time
    to take lessons.

    "it isn't

    and styles of riding.

    She says horses are "the great equalizers,"
    and are notjust for the rich. Hosking says it's

    Riding Club for

    of shows. Hosking also enters some shows.

    teaching students to ride them.

    different types of horses

    and shows. She had

    in the

    work. Teaching young students can

    rider's

    She has been a riding instructor since age 17.
    Over the years, Hosking has become an experienced instructor and trainer for many

    been heavily involved

    about five years, which now sponsors a series

    Hosking's habit and business at Hidden
    Hollow Farms is horses. For thirty years now
    she's been boarding them, training them, and

    Hosking began riding when she was a
    child and never outgrew her love of horses.

    establish riding clinics

    of a

    moment

    lessons and supervising every

    for the world."

    requires

    a lot of padence, repeating instructions in

    was

    four,

    training as a rider

    become a 4H state riding

    champion.
    a.m.

    He

    when

    Bill

    does the

    first shift

    of chores.

    feeds and waters the horses and brings

    For a while, Hosking didn't know if she'd
    to ride again and once she started, she

    be able

    New Jersey. Two trips with a friend's trailer

    them

    moved

    those nine horses which included

    about 8:30 p.m. when Paula has finished giv-

    utes before she got too dizzy and had to get

    Paula's two riding horses, a few pairs of

    ing lessons and supervises the last shift of

    off.

    and a pony for the children.

    mares and

    foals,

    For about

    fifteen years, they raised horses

    and sold about
    of time and

    of them. But

    money

    Hoskings had

    more lime

    six

    takes a lot

    to raise horses,

    to stop raising

    for their

    it

    own

    and the

    horses to have

    children.

    Children are an important part of her busi-

    in

    from the pastures. The day ends

    chores. During the day, she
    trainer,

    is

    assisted

    by a

    Carol Brookhart, Danville, who trains

    horses and prepares them for lessons, and a
    retired fanner,

    who

    helps with

    work

    in the

    Determination

    she loves

    made

    to return to the activity

    her lengthen the time she

    could spend on horseback each day.

    She returned

    to training

    and

    instructing

    riders at the other farm, but that job also took

    a lot of time and left her with little time for her

    barn.
    In her thirty years as a rider,

    ied

    could only stay on the horse for about 20 min-

    Hosking stud-

    many different styles of riding, including

    family.

    She

    left the job,

    but

    all

    her students

    continued to take their riding lessons with

    now

    Hosking's

    own

    ness since Hosking likes to concentrate her

    dressage, jumping, cross-counU"y, western,

    her, only

    efforts on the area she thinks she has a special

    and Enghsh. As an

    Rae Kurland, Danville, drives nearly 50 miles

    36

    adult, her

    enthusiasm for

    at

    farm. Mrs.

    Spectrum



    .

    round

    irip to Uikc her son Tom, 14, who hopes
    become a professional rider, lo his lessons

    those standards arc asked to leave. Ho.sking

    to

    believes her job

    with Hosking. Kurland says, "I'd drive a lol

    ride or perform well in shows, she also wants

    absolutely the most marvelous teacher.

    more tlian 50 miles to slay with her. She's just
    Her

    Ihem to be well-rounded and responsible.
    Hosking says they "don't measure success in

    background and experience make her a su-

    terms of winning ribbons."

    perb professional." Kurland likes that

    Hosking

    "is

    winning

    horses, not just

    ribbons."

    The business at Hidden Hollow has grown
    quickly, but

    margin

    still

    to

    winning ribbons."

    are well-trained.

    anybody but

    [her]

    own

    check-

    around. They have to

    who owns Hosking ConsUuction, Inc.,

    outdoor riding arena and expanded the

    were added

    to the

    who

    The

    chances or
    wear approved

    riding

    conventional indoor job, says that

    work

    if

    •Hamsters

    •Rabbits

    •Fish

    what she could possibly do for four hours that
    night.

    Bloomsburg Agway
    9th

    & Iron Streets

    such demand that "they were sold before

    the animals she's loved since childhood at a

    Mon.-Thurs. 8-6

    doors were on."
    Hidden Hollow Farms covers almost forty

    job where she "can't give less than 110

    The

    eight horses, fifty students, four dogs, five

    in

    the

    acres divided into five fenced pastures.

    60

    ft.

    X 120

    lighted indoor ring, with and

    ft.

    attached observation

    room

    So

    SaLS^'Sun.



    Fri.

    X 170

    ft.

    ft.

    10-2

    ^M IK
    l^^^l ^^

    cats,

    and forty acres of green

    fields.

    S

    AGWAY(

    complete with a

    CONTEMPORARY

    CRYSTAL

    outdoor ring encloses

    obstacles for jumping.

    8-8

    percent," surrounded by her family, twenty-

    wood-burning stove, allows students to practice and families to watch in any weather.

    The 110

    Lizards

    "Also complete line of
    pet products & Supplies."

    784-1822

    Hosking, were

    &

    •Birds

    instead of a 9 lo 5 job, she works with

    original nineand, according to

    •Kittens

    she

    wonders

    early, she

    .

    •Guinea Pigs
    •Puppies

    fool

    wouldn't be happy with a

    finishes her day's

    featuring.

    A-1 condi-

    helmets and hard-soled shoes."

    Hosking,

    old barn. Fifteen stalls

    in

    and the horses

    students can't take

    their

    Benton, built fences, a reviewing stand for
    the

    tion,

    Pet Store

    full line

    Hosking "the equip-

    ment is

    book."
    Bill,

    ensure their
    According to

    success in terms of

    wide. But Hosking likes that she "doesn't

    answer

    safety.

    don't measure

    not very

    is

    to

    is

    "We

    lo

    Part of her responsibility to the students

    concerned

    with the welfare of the

    profit

    more than leaching kids

    is

    !

    The

    obstacles were

    and some of Paula's students and

    built by Bill

    were painted by the Hosking family.

    A mile-

    long cross-counu-y course follows the treeline
    across

    two

    fields

    and includes eight perma-

    nent jumps.

    Paula says part of the satisfaction she gels

    from being an instructor

    is

    "selfish,

    being around kids and [giving lessons]

    way of keeping

    I

    like

    is

    one

    kids around." She's con-

    cerned about the children she has as students

    and expects a

    lot

    The

    Hometown Bank

    .

    Thia Progrese crystal chandeiier

    Nobody Does

    of them.

    Since the whole purpose of the farm
    cation, the students are taught to tack

    is

    edu-

    up

    their

    It

    Better!

    prisms add elegartce. .^
    "*
    Just one ot the

    many Progress
    designs on display
    in our six>wroom.
    We invite you lo
    come see them all.

    horse for a lesson even though they don't

    have

    to

    do

    it

    themselves.

    group lessons

    is

    The base

    rate for

    $12 whether the student

    boards a horse there or rides one of Hosking's.

    Boarding a horse for one month costs $200,

    which Hosking says includes

    "total care"

    FIRST

    SUPPIY,
    Div. of

    and

    iX:

    BLOOMSBURC ELECTR:CAL

    (,().

    feeding, cleaning, calls to the veterinarian or

    blacksmith, and

    as

    a

    1

    We feature

    =
    COLUMBIA
    ^S
    B.VNK &TKl'ST

    Is

    contemporary as tcxJay. Delk:acy of line is in the
    finely drawn arms and slim bot>eche8. 24k gold ove
    solid bfass is qualrty. Strass hand-cut lead crystal

    INC

    Friedman

    Electric Co.

    access to all the fields, rings,

    trails.

    Paula insists on a certain "standard of values and behavior and language that's acceptable,"

    and students

    who

    Spring-Summer 1991

    (717)784-9488

    1=1

    800-222-9203

    Fri. 8-8 Sat. 8& t^sTERCARD Accepted

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    can't conform to

    37

    Fleetwood

    Industries,

    a local motor

    manufacturer,

    many

    of

    is

    its

    home

    leaving

    toughest

    competitors in the dust
    picture.

    by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen

    Demographics point out

    that these people will

    have the

    discretionary dollars to spend on recreation.

    Dan Danglovitch began
    When
    he was
    about

    new job seventeen years ago,
    He maintains that same at.

    "The cost of many of the vacation packages of today's market will
    make a down payment on a recreational vehicle," says Adelsburger.

    a shop foreman in the service dcparunent at the

    An

    Fleetwood motor homes plant in Paxinos, near Elysburg, one of

    RV

    titude today.

    large

    his

    the prospects

    excited

    six plants

    He

    is

    nationwide that manufacture 21- to 55-feet motor homes.

    and worked all stations on the production
    lines," Danglovitch says. "People from the region are all good crew
    members and put a lot of quality in their work. They care and they take
    "I started out in set-up

    pride in their work," he says.
    exciting to sec

    "Even

    new models come

    after seventeen years,

    it is still

    off the line."

    Motor homes, best described as living quarters on wheels,
    economy
    by the fact that one of the largest plants
    in a Fortune 500 company is located in

    are

    strongly linked to the local

    "Even

    this area.

    The

    plant

    is

    the third largest of 47

    in the giant corporation

    erside, Ca.

    It is

    one of

    based

    six

    in

    indication of the potential for the 1991 market

    show

    in Harrisburg.

    strong by both dealers and the public.

    have continued

    "The consumer," he

    at

    exciting to see

    models come off the

    new

    line."

    State,

    Adelsburger notes.

    Models of the various Paxinos
    change dramatically about every
    and decor

    in fabrics

    interest high.

    sellers in the recrea-

    170,000 square foot

    One

    are

    employed

    in the

    facility.

    of every three

    RV's

    sold in the United States

    a Fleetwood

    is

    product and annual sales continually top one billion dollars. Sales
    figures include

    all

    products of the

    company

    including manufactured

    "The market has been

    stable for the past six years," according to

    Joe Adelsburger, product sales manager. The market is basically tied
    to interest rales

    and the economy

    provide sales impetus since nearly

    in general.
    all

    Low

    interest rates

    motor homes are financed.

    Adelsburger believes that the next several years should bring a strong

    38

    ride suspension.

    The

    The baby boomers, he

    says, are entering the

    economic

    to

    keep consumer

    models are

    intro-

    to the chassis

    such

    basic chassis has an

    Chevrolet 454 cubic inch displacement or Ford 460

    —automatic transmission and body frame.

    engine,

    v-8

    more

    cither a

    Hundreds of "raw" body frames are parked

    housing.

    market.

    New

    duced sometime between July 15 and August 1.
    The process begins with any special alterations
    as the addition of

    units

    three

    to four years, with slight annual changes

    motor homes, top

    About 450 people

    is

    a healthy level."

    plants involved in the manufacture of

    tional vehicle industry.

    says,"

    The plant in Paxinos services about 150 dealers on the east coast
    from Maine to Florida. About one-third of the company's sales volume comes from Florida. Sales are strong year-round, says
    Adelsburger, but this was not always the case. "The big change," he
    says, "came when the large Florida
    market developed." The early 1980's
    saw the market expand in the Sunshine

    Riv-

    Fleetwood

    was September's
    was

    to Adelsburger, interest

    very resilient in spite of the trouble in the Middle East. Retail sales

    after seventeen years,

    it is still

    According

    waiting their turn on the assembly

    line.

    in front

    of the factory

    Adelsburger says the firm

    must keep eight to twelve weeks of inventory on hand to offset any
    problems that might arise. It lakes up to six months for delivery from
    Ford or Chevrolet and a problem from one of those plants could halt
    production of the chassis or a surprising upturn

    mean

    in

    business could

    a shortage at the Paxinos facility.

    Spectrum

    jj

    Paxinos can produce forty to sixty units
    per week.

    home

    to

    takes three days for a motor

    It

    complete

    shaped assembly
    ing,

    its

    circuit

    line.

    on a horseshoe

    All wiring, plumb-

    and basic features begin the phases as

    the unit is

    stage

    is

    moved from

    Inventory bodies

    stage to stage. Final

    the paint locker and, after a factory

    completed units are driven

    test drive, the

    homes

    for the

    are

    kept on hand

    to

    The

    by professional

    origin of the

    drivers.

    motor home

    is

    some-

    what clouded, but almost from the invention
    of the "horseless buggy"

    all

    "homemade" variety.
    The founder of Fleetwood
    recalls

    how

    were of

    built living quarters

    line

    '

    '

    ^**^- -O-^^

    S£^^

    from

    Detroit.

    tlie

    Photo by Jennifer Moon

    Crcan

    He piirlayed his success into making travel

    an Irish Immigrant,

    on the back of a 1925

    Model T truck chassis.
    TheCrean family wandered through several states, starting in North Dakota and
    ending in California. The trip took an entire
    year. Crean began what was to become a
    giant corporation in the late 1940s by manufacturing Venetian blinds for RVs. At that
    time RVs were built one at a time with
    assembly

    v-'"v

    enterprises,

    attest to this fact.

    his father,

    \

    some variation has
    1950's when they

    been around. Until the
    began to be mass-produced,

    John Crean, can

    ^^^^

    because takes
    six months to u^-^^s^^
    order new ones
    it

    the dealerships

    -Z^^^^i

    manufacturing appearing

    in

    trailers

    and despite some rough going

    1950s, he has constantly expanded
    all

    to

    in tiic

    include

    facets of the manufacture of recreation ve-

    hicles

    and

    According

    to the firm's

    annual report,

    THE
    BON*TON

    out the United States. First-time drivers of

    motorhomes

    Camp

    own a recreational vehicle. An RV could

    through"

    .

    lies

    be a self-propelled unit

    built

    on an automo-

    tive chassis, travel trailer or folding trailer,

    with the

    latter

    two designed

    usually havcafearof their size,

    to

    be towed by

    how

    easily they handle on

    the road.

    nearly eight million U.S and Canadian fami-

    another vehicle.

    the 1950s.

    to

    but are amazed at

    components.

    their

    devoted

    camp

    sites, many of them
    motor homes, are located through-

    Thou.sands of

    sites usually
    sites so that

    back up or do a

    and out of the

    lot

    have several "pull

    it is

    not necessary to

    of maneuvering getting

    sites.

    Fees for their use arc

    in

    far

    below thoseof motels and when you consider
    the costs, along with eating out, the

    economy

    Everything For The

    Serious Sportsman
    Whatever The Game

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    Bloomsburg
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    William R. Barstlcr. President

    39

    The appeal of a motor home

    centers on

    the concept that it is a self-contained mobile
    unit with living quarters. Sleeping, cooking,

    and dining
    its

    own

    facilities are

    provided and

    electrical, water,

    has

    it

    and sewage

    sys-

    tem.

    Depending on the price, most models have
    an electric generator which makes it pos-

    "camp" almost anywhere. Extras

    sible to

    available include television and stereo sys-

    tems, microwave ovens, air conditioning,

    mobile telephones, leveling jacks, canopies,

    and security systems.
    Heetwood motor homes range in retail
    price from about $30,000 to $100,000 with

    most units retailing for under $60,000. Prices
    depend on specifications of the various
    models and the options selected by the consumer.

    There are eight different brands manufac-

    by Fleetwood in its six plants devoted
    motor homes. Paxinos builds four models

    tured

    Motor homes,

    like

    the 1991 Cambria, are equipped with the latest conveniences,

    including refrigerators, microwaves,

    of a motor

    home

    trips are the

    Pace Arrow Southwind, Bounder and Flair.
    But elsewhere are Cambria, Limited, Tioga

    and showers.

    -

    Vacaand fishing

    and a growing number of people, especially

    most common uses of these

    The lure of the open road, convenience of camp sites and the economy of
    motor home living combine to convince
    people to spend money on an RV.

    is

    more

    attraclive.

    tioning, sight-seeing, hunting,

    units.

    Ownership of motor homes is divided between those who have permanent residence

    retirees,

    to

    who

    use their

    homes

    to travel

    with

    the seasons.

    ,

    and Jamboree.

    The newest model,
    duced

    in the spring

    Flair ranked

    it

    was

    the Flair,

    intro-

    of 1989. Sales of the

    eighth among all motor homes

    sold in 1989, according to Fleetwood's annual report.

    "Popularity of the lower priced, full-sized

    &

    "JA.

    Perfect 10"

    !A(aU and Skin Care

    unit is attributed in part to

    newness,"

    its

    Adelsburger says. Fleetwood considers the

    Hair as

    its

    basic, entry-level model.

    The other division of the Fleetwood company, manufactured housing, outsold

    all

    other companies in 1989, capturing nearly

    seventeen percent of the market. Fleetwood
    had 28.6 percent of the market in motor
    homes in 1989; Winnebago, theclosest competitor,

    «x»Ni*turat

    Hanicuresoa

    had 17.1 percent. Coachman cap-

    tured 8.1 percent.

    Company executives are planning for continued growth in both recreational vehicles

    «x»Pectvcures''o

    and manufactured housing divisions over
    the next several years. "Plantexpansions are

    underway, or completed to
    meet anticipated demands due to the influx

    either planned,

    Family Restaurant
    and Ice Cream Parlour

    of the baby boomer market," according to
    Adelsburger.

    33 E. Main

    St.,

    coBack ?tassages«x»

    Bloomsburg

    784-8079

    for the

    Cadllsrroday

    10%

    Discount on

    Any Meai

    |

    1101 OCd'Benincfi'Rffad
    'BCoomsSur0, 'PA

    is

    noted

    facility.

    Plant manager Stan Haines explains that

    17815

    its

    17-year existence. In 1980, a 40,000-foot
    addition

    added

    40

    Paxinos

    the area plant has been updated twice in

    784 -S3 18
    I

    Although several plants will be expanded,
    mostly on the west coast, nothing

    was

    built

    in 1985.

    and 60,000

    feet

    were

    S

    Spectrum

    B.U. Fraternities:

    At Work For You
    Beta Sigma Delta
    Supporting the American Cancer Society
    and tlie Leukemia Foundation
    Gamma Epsilon Omicron
    Supporting the American Cancer Society
    Phi Sigma Xi
    Supporting the Ronald McDonald House
    and Big Brother -Little Brother

    Sigma Iota Omega
    Supporting the Danny Appleton Medical Fund
    Tau Kappa Epsilon
    Supporting the Special Olympics
    Theta Chi
    Supporting the American Red Cross
    and Ronald McDonald House

    Pi Kappa Phi
    Supporting P.U.S.H. and S.H.A.R.E.
    Delta Pi
    Supporting the American Red Cross, Adopt- A-Highway
    and the American Cancer Society

    Bloomsburg
    University
    Interfratemity Council

    The Art of Learning
    For artist-teacher Stewart Nagel, developing students' creative abiUty
    Serigraphy.

    Collagraphy.
    Lithography.

    These terms may not be in the

    "That process of

    his students.

    communication is my motivation
    for teaching, and I believe the

    them

    in his

    everyday

    life

    through his own creative art processes, or the

    ones he attempts

    to

    tributes his creative nurturing to

    provides that outlet, that kind of

    living in

    part of the joy of the

    enjoyment," says Nagel. "My interest in learning

    creative process."

    Nagel's most recent work,

    November

    exhibited last

    in the

    new

    ideas

    is

    and exploring

    not specifically

    limited to a particular process in

    the areas of drawing, spe-

    with charcoal, collagra-

    white charcoal drawings of semi-

    dividual.

    cifically

    phy

    To examine

    "I think

    art,

    Nagel's artistic commitments
    lie in

    a high priority for me.

    Haas Gallery on the Bloomsburg
    University campus, consisted of
    a collection of large, black and

    bring out in his students.

    also holds abstract

    options that are not

    students

    applies

    He

    supportive family, Nagel also at-

    man, but artist/teacher Stewart
    Nagel, Bloomsburg, not only
    knows what they mean, but he

    is

    works by Picasso in high regard.

    Nagel says he had a lot of opportunities growing up to develop
    his creativity. Along with a very

    nal imagery

    enjoys.

    when I refer to a kind

    nurturing of creative ideas in

    obvious,

    nor to a particular art histori-

    print is

    having the opportunity

    and

    to attend

    a high school which specialized
    in

    music and

    art education.

    He

    myself as an interdisciplinary in-

    educational experiences" from

    see the beauty and ex-

    The Cooper Union School of Art

    I

    and the Pratt
    uted in his

    Institute contrib-

    artistic

    development.

    The subject matter in Nagel's
    work is primarily figurative, and
    in some cases he has incorpo-

    from which a

    made), serigraphy (other-

    known

    wise

    art lessons as a youngster,

    also says that his "challenging

    I

    and creating a

    textural impression

    New York City, visiting
    museums and galleries, having

    tend to think of

    cal period.

    (the process of gluing ob-

    jects to a surface

    priority

    of energy and excitement, art

    everyday vocabulary of the lay-

    is

    my

    and energies he

    main

    his

    is

    as silk screening),
    in

    rated Biblical themes along with

    which the image to be printed is
    drawn on stone or metal, and

    an abstract expressionist style. "I

    will retain ink).

    printmaker," says Nagel, point-

    mension of the subconscious and
    imagery which might be comprised of natural and supernatu-

    ing out, "printmaking

    ral

    and lithography (the process

    treated so that

    it

    attempted to incorporate a

    "Basically I'm a teacher and

    is

    a fine art

    And

    forms," he says.

    Nagel began teaching on a

    experience which parallels
    sculpting or painting.

    di-

    college level at

    the

    Howard Univer-

    Washington, D.C.,

    in

    1968,

    technical processes in printmak-

    sity,

    would include relief, intaglio, serigraphy, and lithogra-

    and came

    to

    to nurture the creative

    Bloomsburg University in 1972, where he served
    as chair of the Department of Art
    from 1985 to 1990.
    "The primary purpose of my

    ing

    phy."

    Nagel has produced two fine
    art limited edition

    books of

    scrigraphs, and has written

    on collagraph printmaking.
    "I

    think the excitement of

    being involved
    process

    is

    in

    the creative

    the basic reason for

    wanting to participate

    A

    detail

    from Nagel's work "The Dream"

    his

    abook

    me

    in it," says

    Nagel considers

    citement of various disciplines,

    teaching

    "abstract expressionism" to be

    including music, literature, as

    potential of students," he says,

    well as science and math."

    noting, "I help them develop their

    abstract figures.

    the style

    most closely identified
    "My works con-

    with his work.

    cern an inherent rhythm," he
    says.

    "The works deal with

    the

    human

    Nagel. "I think thckind of energy

    relationship between

    and rewards become obvious

    beings and their environment."

    from being involved
    ess.

    There

    is

    in the

    proc-

    also a great deal of

    enjoyment from the products that
    are a result of the experience."

    Nagel says he enjoys communicating and interacting with

    l2

    Nagel's influence

    in abstract

    Nagel says he appreciates the
    inter-relationship of the disci-

    He

    says they are

    whose

    vis-

    a histori-

    to

    experience and create works
    art."

    ergy that transposes into the en-

    being a college professor which

    joyment of

    provides him with an opportu-

    artistic

    experiences.

    teractions,

    specific individuals

    in

    their ability

    of

    Willem Dc
    Kooning, Mark Rothko, and

    Franz Kline.

    framework, and

    He also believes athletics

    "One's environment, one's

    artists,

    understanding of art
    cal

    and sports provide a kind of en-

    plines.

    expressionism stems from three
    of his favorite

    is

    begin

    in-

    and one's experiences

    to bring out

    some of

    this

    basic spirit of people," he says.

    The

    oldest of three children.

    nity to
    tistic

    Nagel

    broaden

    says he enjoys

    his personal ar-

    commitment and

    and develop

    his

    to refine

    philosophy of

    leaching.

    —JANE MEHLBAUM
    Spectrum

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    Winter 1991-1992

    The Magazine

    for

    Vol. 5 No. 2

    Columbia and Montour counties

    SPECIAL JREPORT:
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    The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties

    Winter 1991-1992 Vol.

    5,

    No. 2

    All-American Magazine, Associated Collegiate Press
    Medalist Award, Columbia Scholastic Press Association
    First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists

    Second Place/National, Society of Collegiate

    Mommies

    I

    One woman relives

    n

    Can't Cry by Judy Kosman

    6

    a nightmare to fight for her daughter's rights

    Daddy's

    m

    JournalisLs

    Little Girls? by

    Mike Mullen

    Despite conventional wisdom, one father says they are, and

    isn't

    afraid to say

    why

    Caught In The Crossfire by Jennifer Stefanick
    Often used as pawns in custody battles, the children suffer most

    IV

    Sometimes, when families

    V

    While weighing

    Where Love And Law Collide

    Balancing The Scales

    VI

    vn
    vin

    deteriorate, the

    by Pat Trosky

    courtroom becomes the

    battlefield

    Of Justice byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey

    the children's welfare, lawyers fight for their clients' interests

    A Battle Of Experts by Ellen Condron
    Court-appointed therapists don't always have

    all

    the answers

    Searching For Solutions by Dan Trexler

    To speed up

    the process, parents often get trapped in a rhaze of agencies

    Changuig The Channel by Matt Malinowski
    Except in the most:^xtreme

    The Break-up

    /^About The Cover:^
    Families involved in

    situations, the

    of a Family by Judy

    media avoids custody cases

    Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum

    12
    18

    24
    28

    32
    36

    40
    42

    DEPARTMENTS

    Behind the Lines

    4

    The Cutting Edg( -New Battle Lines Drawn by Kami Silk
    Back of the Book FACEing Facts by Jane Mehlbaum

    5

    custody battles are
    often

    overwhelmed

    by the court system.
    Photo by Marlyse Heaps

    J

    46

    BEfflND THE LINES
    Winter 1991-1992

    Even

    if

    we have

    custody battle first-hand, most of us

    know someone who has. It affects us all.
    And that's exactly why we decided the subject

    was important enough

    entire issue to

    to

    devote an

    Could a magazine havepicked a touchier
    But

    Maybe, maybe

    doesn't matter, because

    it

    Some seven months

    child custody.

    covered

    the angles

    all

    one could

    imagine, all the time using as a backdrop the

    Northumberland county.
    mother's story of the pain and anguish she suffered throughout the whole

    specific case in

    The

    ordeal is reflected by Judy Kosman.

    introduces us to a mother

    who

    is

    Kosman
    not just

    worth

    appears the court has ignored the

    it

    rights of the

    younger daughter who wishes

    to live with her

    The
    is

    of

    mom.

    father's tale of

    an unstable mother

    by Mike Mullen. The father tells
    how he experienced sex-based discrimi-

    detailed

    nation, but never

    gave up

    his fight for the

    as Jane

    it

    Mehlbaum

    man who

    describes the

    helps other fathers fight

    them throughout the

    Without

    we

    at

    Spectrum Magazine have dazzled

    see us better ourselves the very next

    But this issue is completely difChild custody is not the type of
    subject suitable for a mind-boggling
    issue.

    ferent.

    So because Spectrum Magazine is
    not afraid to attempt new things and
    simply because we have done almost all
    with a feature magazine, we
    decided to try our hand at an informative/news format, the result of which is
    what you have in your hands right now.

    we could

    at

    Spectrum hope you are as happy

    it

    we

    as

    are.

    As an organization, we have continued
    to reap the

    rewards of a successful maga-

    We have been fortunate

    win many
    awards over the past few years, the most
    recent of which was our first place finish in
    zine.

    the

    Jennifer Stefanick introduces us to the

    two daughters caught in this tug-of-war and
    lets them tell their story.

    New

    to

    England/Mid-Atlantic region of

    the Society of Professional Jounalists

    and a

    second place finish nationally in the Society

    there

    we

    tour the court system

    Still,

    it

    really doesn't matter as long as

    serve our readers as best

    we
    And

    cause

    Mike Mullen

    SENIOR EDITOR
    Judy Kosman
    ASSOCIATE EDITORS
    Jane Mehlbaum, John Michaels,

    Dan Trexler
    ASSISTANT EDITORS
    Ellen Condron, Donna Grajewski,
    Matt Malinowski, Kami Silk,
    Brian Rippey,

    Jennifer Stefanick, Jim Brogna

    LEGAL COUNSEL

    design.

    with

    Walter M. Brasch

    EXECUTIVE EDITOR

    EDITORIAL

    entire process.

    a doubt, in the past

    everyone with our footwork. We have
    had some story designs in the past that
    we thought couldn't be topped, only to

    We

    Vol. 5, No. 2

    EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

    and supports

    of Collegiate Journalists' competition.

    children.

    From

    to

    story of a

    afraid for the children's safety, but angry

    because

    spilled over

    two pages for the first time in
    our short history. But we believe it was

    we did.

    ago. Spectrum

    Magazine undertook what was to become
    the most difficult issue to date. We became
    aware of a custody battle in Northumberland
    county that had every aspect of a child
    custody case anyone could think of. And as
    a result, the staff as a whole decided to
    examine the sometimes delicate, sometimes
    confusing, and always painful subject of

    We

    from one

    for custody of their children

    it.

    subject than child custody?
    not.

    Our Back of the Book has

    never experienced a

    believe that

    is

    we

    DIRECTOR
    Karen Hendel

    ASSOaATE DIRECTOR
    Erin Martin

    ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES
    Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
    Rich Pinterich, Renate

    Ypma

    BUSINESS
    DIRECTOR
    Dan

    Trexler

    MANAGER
    Renate

    Ypma

    CIRCULATION
    DIRECTOR
    Sean Gregorowicz

    we

    can, be-

    much more impor-

    seems we are doing

    Susan Hill

    ADVERTISING

    ZONE MANAGERS
    Matt Belvedere, Ellen Condron,
    Matt Malinowski, Rich Pinterich,

    just that

    Jennifer Stefanick

    meet the lawyers involved
    Fishbein and Brian Rippey], identify

    because our circulation continues to climb
    and yet another one of our stories was re-

    PRODUCTION

    the role of therapists [Ellen Condron], get

    printed in another magazine bringing the

    [Pat Trosky],
    [Jeff

    lost in the

    confusing maze of agencies set up

    [Dan Trexler], and examine the media's role in the whole process,
    to help the children

    if

    indeed they have a role at

    all

    [Matt

    Malinowski].
    In addition,

    we have our

    Kami

    examines the changing face of custody
    how the courts have modified their

    laws and

    decisions over the years.

    it

    total to six in three years.

    We

    couldn't be

    prouder of that accomplishment and

    we sin-

    cerely hope that

    you share our pride, because as a reader you are the most important
    The Editors
    part of our magazine.



    Spectrum Magazine

    llianks the

    two artists

    who contributed their talents to this issue,
    Jill

    Seipe and Kyle Crawford.

    /

    "^

    'Spectrum is published twice a year by the Program

    in

    Journalism, Bloomsburg University of^

    Pennsylvania (Bloomsburg, Pa. 1 78 1 5). Single copy price is normally $2.95, with this special
    issue being $ 1 .95.

    No portion of Spectrum may be reprinted, including advertising, without

    permission of Spectrum.

    DIRECTOR
    Steve Sullivan

    PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS
    Judy Kosman, Jane Mehlbaum,
    Matt Malinowski, Dan Trexler

    PRODUCTION CONSULTANTS
    Jim Psik, Dick Kashner, Jim Seybert

    featured de-

    partments. In this issue's Cutting Edge,
    Silk

    tant.

    ISSN 0892-9459. ©1991 SpecU-um Magazine.

    PROMOTION
    DIRECTOR
    Kami

    Silk

    ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
    Dan Trexler
    ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
    Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
    Erin Martin

    SPECTRUM

    s

    THE CUTTING EDGE

    with that particular parent."

    to live

    a parental relation-

    in

    concept is important, bulnow they

    weigh

    piness or even physical harm.

    CUSTODY LAWS

    the evidence accordingly.

    who may

    parties

    want cus-

    also

    Emphasis was placed on

    tody.

    ship.

    have been

    In the past, parents

    given a preferred status over third

    New Battle Lines Drawn

    standing

    To uproot
    stage may result

    Courts belicvcthe"whole family"

    According

    the child at this

    severe unhap-

    in

    to

    Wilson, "This

    many children.
    The intensity of hurt increases with
    could be \Tue for

    theageofachild.Sooldcrchildem

    many times more affected than

    parent-child relationships due to a

    are

    very young children."

    Child custody decisions origi-

    sulted in a turnaround of custody

    variety of concocted standards

    nate from a history of actions

    decisions. Fathers have been

    originating from their supposed

    Courts usually consider the

    presumed to reflect traditional
    American ideas of "normal" fam-

    awarded child custody over moth-

    paternal and maternal rights.

    length of time a child has flour-

    number of cases.

    Courts held that unless compel-

    ished in a given environment be-

    ily life.

    Although

    earlier courts

    ers in a

    According

    Anne Wilson,

    to

    ling reasons existed to the con-

    would be presumed

    believed their actions benefitted

    Ph.D., professor of sociology,

    trary,

    would be con-

    Bloomsburg University, "Some

    the child's best interests

    the children, they

    sidered discriminatory

    by today's

    studies indicate this

    may be due to

    The principle followed by Penn-

    coming

    similar.

    sylvania courts in deciding child

    tionally

    men have

    custody cases is to determine what

    cial resources than the majority

    is in

    the best interests of the child,

    as demonstrated in

    Harashack

    Harashack (1979). All other
    terests,

    v.

    in-

    including the rights of con-

    tending parties, are considered sec-

    But

    also, tradi-

    force,

    Anyone who

    Factors to determine the child'
    best interests usually include the

    is

    not a natural

    given third-party

    status.

    Jordan

    v.

    the "natural parents are both

    fit,

    the

    trial

    court must give positive con-

    who

    sideration to the parent

    of

    are equivalent to blood strangers

    been the primary caretaker."

    participate in

    Com-

    Sometimes

    joint custody is
    awarded and the considerations of

    are also considered third parties.

    the primary caretaker are not ap-

    According

    to the

    Supreme Court,

    Pennsylvania

    the current out-

    look on the parental bias holds that

    plicable.

    Joint custody has become a
    norm to which sole parent cus-

    the natural parent has a prima fa-

    tody orders will deviate.

    elimination of sex-based discrimi-

    cie or self-evident right to cus-

    good success

    is

    has

    monwealth (1980). Stepparents

    asestablishedby/l/foW^/!/ vs.

    a need for the

    and there

    ing,

    Jordan

    and the child is of tenderyears,

    if
    is

    in

    (1982),theSupcriorCoundecided

    Grandparents, aunts, and uncles

    the day-to-day rigors of child rear-

    ondary.

    parent

    have entered the labor

    many males

    with

    fore deciding custody opinions.

    For instance,

    greater finan-

    women. Many times women are
    economically handicapped."
    Today, increased numbers of

    women

    lie

    that

    parental custody.

    male and female gender roles be-

    standards.

    it

    It

    has a

    because two

    rate

    character and fitness of the parties

    nation.

    To overcome this right, con-

    parents intimately involved in the

    seeking custody, the nature of the

    and the Ellerbe decision, fathers

    vincing reasons must be presented

    child-rearing process compensate

    proposed custodial homes, the

    and mothers have equal oppor-

    to

    child's preference, the parenting

    tunities for custody in the eyes

    child will be served

    of the law.

    abilities

    and inclinations of the

    and how the child

    Because of these changes

    tody

    .

    show

    the best interests of the

    for the negative emotional impact

    by placement

    on the child caused by the divorce.

    with a third party.

    In a sense, the child

    keep both parents." But according
    always be the best

    tradi tionallly believed that un-

    Montgomery
    County Children and Youth Ser-

    greater

    der ordinary circumstances, sib-

    vices (1980), the maternal grand-

    tendency to give mothers custody

    lings should not be separated. This

    parents were able to

    show con-

    under the Tender Years Doctrine.

    idea,

    why

    the father's

    Formerly applied by Pennsylva-

    "separation of siblings presump-

    nia courts, this doctrine simply

    tion" or family doctrine, originated

    contestants,

    is

    Pennsylvania

    adapting to his present situation.
    In the past, there

    was a

    courts

    commonly referred to as

    from

    Children 14 years old or younger

    and develop

    were considered

    successful social interaction.

    years, but as they grew older,

    more

    including siblings

    the child can learn

    necessary for

    times, this resulted in

    Many

    weight was placed on their prefer-

    gaining custody of
    dren, although

    Hooks (1975) the
    Pennsylvania Supreme Court

    more beneficial for the children to

    In Ellerbe v.

    abandoned the tender years presumption The court noted the doc-

    be

    split

    all

    the chil-

    may have been

    between both parents.

    In Sykora

    v.

    joint custody
    factors," says

    that they

    could supply a

    "It

    depends on how close

    each parent lives to the other, the
    personality of the child, the rela-

    forth.

    If

    both parents aren't

    willing to forget existing prob-

    the father could not.

    lems between themselves and put

    The "roots of the tree" policy
    refers to judicial
    that

    awareness

    an environment in which the

    child

    is

    thriving should not be

    disrupted unless other factors in-

    better serve the child.

    the child's best interests
    joint custody

    first,

    solution."

    Child custody arose from an
    array of presumptions.

    Time

    Chief Jus-

    widiin our society. Instead of fo-

    Maxey originated this term

    tice

    to the con-

    forcing a child to reside with one

    a 1949 Pennsylvania

    views, the court system

    cept of the equality of the sexes

    of the parents solely for the pur-

    Court decision.

    Supreme
    He compared the

    new

    nurturing of a child to the growth

    the child's best interest.

    trine

    was "offensive

    in

    which we have embraced as a

    pose of keeping the siblings

    constitutional principle within this

    gether can be distinctly out-

    of a young

    jurisdiction."

    weighed by the detrimental effects on that child who prefers not

    Maxey, after age two the child
    becomes su^ongly attached to those

    In recent years, Ellerbe has re-

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    to-

    U'ce.

    has

    faded many of them due tochanges

    courts observed "the benefits of

    .

    then

    would not be a good

    would

    dicate a different setting

    Sykora{\91i\ the

    Wilson.

    source of stability for the child that

    one parent

    ences.

    it

    not

    tionship between the parents, and

    that a child

    skills

    "The success of
    depends on many

    may

    alternative.

    so

    custody of the natural mother.

    be of tender

    Wilson, joint custody

    to

    dence

    atmosphere

    whom

    "allowed

    awarded custody based on the evi-

    served by placing the child in the



    to

    is

    ben-

    efits

    in

    vincing reasons

    v.

    a family

    from the belief

    dren of "tender years" were best

    from growing up

    the

    Davenport

    In

    prima facie right to custody of his
    8-year-old son should be overcome. The grandparents were

    held that the best interests of chil-

    to

    also

    According

    to

    cusing on accepted traditional

    now

    has

    ideas about what will sen'e

    -^AMI SILK

    MOMMIES
    CAN'T
    CRY
    One woman
    a nightmare

    relives
    to fight

    for her daughter's rights

    Angle walked the streets of Shamokln, clutching a picture of a
    little girl in

    The loose bun in her long, dark hair hung

    her hand.

    At

    18, she left her

    home

    in

    New

    Hampshire

    Women who

    abuse as children often find themselves

    dered face of each passerby.

    adults,

    Nightmares of her past haunted those

    young

    girls

    who were now

    caught

    math. Angle believed she

    left all

    moved

    new

    to Florida to start

    a

    in

    streets



    visions of the

    with 19 years ago and the two

    in the relationship's

    stormy

    life

    with her youngest daughter, Julie.

    in similar situations as

    saysDiane Magagna, counselor at the Bloomsburg Women's

    Center. For Angle, the violent cycle began again just one year after

    leaving home.

    Angle, then 19, met

    after-

    of these visions behind when she

    escape an abusive

    experience psychological, physical, or sexual

    limp now, her face haggard from a day of searching and worry. Still,
    she found the strength to thrust the wrinkled picture in the bewil-

    charming married man she moved

    to

    stepfather.

    worked as an exotic

    Roy on

    July 2, 1971, at a club where she

    interpretive dancer.

    She had been dancing

    at

    various clubs since leaving home.

    But, when Angle received cus-

    Roy, then 29, was a member

    todypapersfromJulie'sfather,Roy,

    of the band at the Shamokin club.

    she realized the war in Pennsylvania

    was

    far

    struggle to

    Angle

    from over. Instead, her

    win

    Julie

    "Every time

    Angie, young and alone, was im-

    I tried to

    who became

    would lead

    into confrontations with the

    get away,

    I

    had to have

    a master plan."

    number of lawyers.
    Angle's problems started at
    home with what she called a physically and emotionally abusive relationship. Angle is hardly unique.
    According to the Pennsylvania Coalition against Domestic Violence, batterers claim over three million victims each year in the

    assaulted in their

    women

    each year are

    own homes.

    For many of them, the

    battle doesn't

    end when they

    finally

    escape the abusive environment because leaving their husbands

    may

    a friend.

    According

    to

    Roy, there was

    an immediate attraction between

    Youth
    caseworkers, psychologists, and a
    court system. Children and

    United States. In Pennsylvania, 800,000

    pressed by the confident stranger

    also mean abandoning their children.
    Freedom had been an elusive dream most of her life, according
    to Angle. Her experience with domestic violence began early in life.

    moved

    into the trailer he shared with a friend.

    But, Angie wasn't the only
    later,

    Angie and himself. "Somehow
    we knew there would be something special between us," he says.
    Two or three weeks later, Angie

    woman in Roy's life. Three months

    she discovered he was married and had two children. He didn' t

    them on occasion.
    Angie remembers the confrontation and how Roy quickly
    assuaged her fears. She says he set up a mock wedding ceremony in
    which they exchanged self-written vows and promised each other
    that they would have a genuine ceremony within three years.
    Roy, however, claims neither he nor she wanted marriage. "At
    that time, there was no such thing as marriage," he says. "She
    live with his other family, but visited

    by Judy Kosman

    SPECTRUM

    ,

    believed

    more than

    it

    I

    did.

    The piece of paper

    we were

    didn't say

    going to be together forever, and a divorce would just complicate
    things with

    Two

    my

    independence." They began to fight continually and

    apartment often. "For the

    was still waiting to announce their
    engagement. Instead, Roy announced the birth of his son by his
    wife, Mary, in August 1973. When she confronted Roy, Angle says
    he insisted she was his one true love and explained he had been
    on a night when she was out of town, leaving
    unfaithful only once
    him alone.
    1974, she
    their

    came

    Angie, Mary told a different story. In February

    to the trailer to visit

    marriage was

    began

    to

    strong and

    still

    Angie,

    Roy

    who

    recalls her saying

    visited her often.

    remember all of his absences over the past few

    or three times, she says,

    Roy had

    left

    Angie

    years.

    to

    Angie,

    how
    1

    will

    I

    Two

    the trailer for

    have a car or even leam

    to drive.

    some
    neighborhood women,
    Angie got her license and

    So, with the help of
    •^-^

    really living with his wife.

    a loan to buy a

    J

    Angie

    \

    car.

    recalls she

    and Roy argued the night

    meager welfare checks and hoping
    to win him back.
    Roy, however, says, "I only
    left her once and it was for about
    one month. It might have been
    six.

    go and

    away," she says,

    Roy said he was

    wasn't close to

    to

    "I had to have a master plan. But, Roy
    showed up and ruined my plans."
    On March 31, 1976, Angie gave birth to Dcni.se and decided that
    it was time to win some independence.
    Angie says Roy did not want her to

    tried to get

    She remembers spending those
    times alone in the trailer, living on

    it

    she could

    going

    I

    consistently

    periods, but she often suspected he

    longer, but

    am

    live?'" she says. But, she did plan to leave. "Every time

    staying with his mother during these

    was

    how

    Other thoughts haunted Angie. She wondered
    afford to leave Roy. "I asked myself, 'Where

    six-month intervals.
    According

    Roy left the
    how Mary must

    felt," Angie says.
    Angie only really began to worry, she says, when the arguments
    turned into threats. She remembers how Roy threatened her with
    guns from a collection he kept. Roy, however, denies threatening
    Angie at all, let alone with guns.



    to

    understood

    I

    have

    children."

    years later. Angle

    According

    time,

    first

    she drove her

    (

    new

    car

    home. She remembers
    taunting, "What's the
    matter, are you afraid
    I'm going to

    I

    start to fol-

    \

    if I still

    low you?" She says Roy,

    Angie rarely worked in those
    first few years with Roy. In fact,
    she claims he forbade her from
    getting a job, afraid she would

    grabbed a pair of scissors

    needed time to see
    wanted to be with her."

    just

    attain financial

    enraged by her question,

    and drove
    doing

    years

    ary 1987, Angie

    pay for her half of the rent, utilities, and food. Finally, Angie

    t\

    weeks of begging, she

    New

    -.

    Hampshire

    „^-

    \

    ^

    called

    '

    "'-

    ^k
    ^

    \

    Roy and

    i

    J

    not

    Yet, she did eventually quit.

    1975, she

    left

    Roy

    to live

    New

    with her sister in

    Angie, the euphoria of parenthood didn't
    S he says her pregnancy

    marked the first acts of violence in

    had a daughter to think about and

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    later.

    When

    she returned to Roy's

    apartment to pick up the rest of her belongings, she
    claims

    Roy confronted her about

    the affair.

    would testify in a custody hearing
    mother unless she and Denise returned
    friend



    Roy claims he never

    She says he

    told her his

    to

    prove she was an unfit

    to

    him immediately.

    I

    was

    But,

    said this.

    Angie returned to find herself in a "living nightmare." She says

    Roy continued

    to see his

    wife behind her back and the abuse

    their

    As

    the relationship

    became more

    repressive,

    Angie looked

    harder for opportunities to improve herself. She pushed
    attention for four years," she says.

    need

    continued.

    last long.

    relationship.

    "Roy had all of my

    felt the

    But, her revenge backfired two

    months

    |

    weeks later, she discovered that she was
    pregnant; the father was Roy, and she begged him to take her back.
    Thinking the baby might bring them together, Angie remembers eagerly returning to Roy. They moved into an apartment,
    because he believed it would be better for the baby. But, according
    to

    together and she

    -

    six

    one

    for revenge.

    |^

    |

    over.

    to Angie, Roy had
    many affairs during their time

    '*'

    being a quitter," she says.

    was

    affair with

    According

    -

    ^•"~

    son commits to something or someone she should stick it out. "The

    summer of

    a message

    left

    of his good friends to spile him.

    V

    But, she believed that once a per-

    Hampshire. About

    again.

    that their relationship

    Then, she had an

    As each year with Roy passed
    Angie felt more and more used.

    In the

    Febru-

    Roy

    to live with her

    '^'J

    is

    later, in
    left

    mother. During her absence, she

    ;

    order to earn a small salary.

    only thing I'm guilty of

    Roy denies

    This time, she took Denise and fled to

    convinced Roy to allow her to
    take apart-time job at a hospital
    in

    into the wall

    this.

    Two

    independence.

    So, she collected welfare to

    says, after

    it

    near her head.

    "Now I

    starting to seek

    some

    Roy

    to let

    her work.
    In April 1978, she began selling products out of her

    home

    for

    a wicker company, quickly turning
    let

    me work in

    things and

    Over 200 Years
    of Growth

    it

    into a thriving business.

    the wicker business because

    meet the larger

    bills since

    I

    could do

    "Roy

    my wife

    all

    Denise's birth," Angle ex-

    plains.
    In fact.

    Angle says Roy suggested that she employ Rhonda, his

    oldest daughter from his marriage with Mary. During this time,

    Rhonda spent much time at the trailer. Sometimes, Angle says, Roy
    would take out Rhonda, leaving her to look after Denise. Lonely and
    bitter. Angle ran away a few times, but always returned, afraid to
    lose her daughter.

    A proud past
    A bright future
    .

    .

    .

    Angle gave

    Roy was

    Excellent schools



    Diversified industry



    Modem waste treatment plant



    Planning and zoning



    Central business district

    Roy continued

    Julie,

    on July 16,
    She says

    to worsen.

    is

    home as

    a great

    daddy, but he

    is

    a

    terrible father"
    much

    as possible.

    He

    objected

    Bloomsburg University

    when she began

    in the fall

    taking classes at

    of 1982.

    Roy

    revitalization

    explains, "It is not that I didn't want her to go to college,
    was not affordable at the time." He also says that what started
    out as one or two classes a week soon became full course loads and
    extracurricular activities. "She was rarely ever here," he says. "If
    she would have just used her head and done it logically it might have
    worked out."
    But Angle claims Roy plotted to end her college education. She
    says he had her car towed one morning early in her third semester,
    claiming it was being fixed for a problem she wasn't aware of.
    However, he would not tell her where the car was or when it would
    be returned. Without transportation. Angle says she was forced to
    drop out of school. Roy denies this and says lack of finances forced
    her to withdraw from college.
    Angle's next attempt for freedom was a little more successful.
    Roy worked as an insurance agent, so Angle convinced him to let
    her start working in his office. Here, Roy did not forbid her from
    enjoying a career because he was able to keep an eye on her, she

    but



    second daughter,

    constantly jealous of other men, so he kept her at

    "Roy





    birth to her

    1981. But, the situation with

    Neighborhood recreation areas
    Ber- Vaughn Park

    Mayor Lou Biacchi

    &
    Borough Councilmen

    it

    says.

    Roy, however, claims he encouraged her

    to

    work

    in

    insurance

    because she lacked self-confidence and was afraid she wasn't
    capable of enjoying a successful career. "I got her into the insurance
    business," he says. "I always tried to get Angle involved with

    something that was going to advance her in some way."
    Finally, on Sept. 1, 1987, Angie left Roy for the last time. She
    says he followed her to the post office in his car and deliberately

    crashed into her car. She immediately got out and ran to a neighbor's
    house.

    From there she went to the Women's Center in Bloomsburg.

    There, she learned about the theory of power and control which

    Borough

    of

    Berwick

    344 Market Street

    Berwick

    752-2723

    now applies to her life. A chart provided by the women's center
    showed her how some men use power to control women.
    The cycle includes emotional abuse in which he puts her down
    and plays mind games with her; economic abuse in which he keeps
    her from becoming financially independent; sexual abuse in which
    he treats her as a sexual object; using children in which he makes her
    feel like a bad mother; threats in which he says he will hurt her or
    take the children; using male privilege in which he treats her like a
    she

    SPECTRUM

    servant; intimidation in
    fear into her;

    which he yells and smashes objects to put
    in which he controls whom she sees or

    and isolation

    Angle says Roy used

    talks to.

    all

    of these tactics on her at one time

    or another in their relationship.

    Roy

    denies these allegations. "I never abused her, and

    he says. "Angle sees abuse

    hit her,"

    in everything.

    I

    I

    think

    never
    it

    was

    because of the trouble from her childhood."

    Comforted by her stay at the center. Angle filed a Protection
    Abuse Order for herself and two daughters. Julie, the youngest
    daughter, stayed with her mother, but Denise refused.
    Denise was very close to her father, according to Angle. She
    says Denise often went with Roy to Mary's house for family
    gatherings. Here, Angie says, Denise was exposed to many remarks
    against her mother. Angle believes Denise has internalized the view
    that Angie left Roy who was suffering from a
    of Roy's family
    from.



    Come & Spend
    Day
    with Us

    the

    heart condition, at the worst possible time.

    Angie worried that Roy was not the best influence for the girls.
    is a great daddy but he is a terrible father," she says. She notes
    that he lets the girls go to bed whenever they want, and never helps
    them with their homework although he expects good grades from
    them, and he takes the girls wherever they want to go but doesn't
    participate in any of their activities.
    Also, Angie believes Roy is afraid to leave the area. "He is

    "Roy

    ,

    afraid to leave his pull behind," she says, "People

    are afraid of him.

    He

    regions of Pennsylvania. She saysRoy'sparanoiaabout leaving the
    state is

    energy slory

    who know Roy

    has pull everywhere." But, Angie wants her

    know that there are other places in the world besides the coal

    girls to

    Bfing Ihe eniife (amily and spend

    a day at Ihe Susquehanna Ene'gy
    Intormalion Cemer and Riverlands
    recrealion area See Ihe eye-calch
    ing displays. Try our educational
    compuler games thai lell the

    an unhealthy attitude which she does not want her girls to

    Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
    and picnic in Ihe 400acre Riverlands recrealion area and nature
    preserve Or. call and make arrange
    menis to en|oy one ol Ihe nature and
    recreational programs presented by our
    resident naturalist

    share.

    Roy

    is

    confused by

    high school.

    have no

    I

    this accusation. "I

    situation

    of

    my

    I

    was

    in

    I

    did,

    I

    —going broke paying

    "I

    in

    have no relations

    wouldn't have been

    in the

    for a lawyer to get custody

    daughter."

    Also,

    Roy

    he says. "I

    life,"

    wrong.

    know

    I

    that's for

    Complete your

    trip with a bus lour .^1 the
    perimeter o( the Susquehanna Steam Electric
    Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
    calling Ihe Information Center in advance. Call
    (717) 542-2131 for information.

    believes he has very good reasons for not wanting

    to leave Pennsylvania.

    my

    he says.

    political ties,"

    with people in high places. If

    was a shop student

    there's

    "As far as leaving the area, I've lived here all

    know where
    more

    to the

    I

    can turn to

    world than

    if

    anything goes

    this coal region,

    but

    a

    my girls to discover on their own if they want to when they

    Susquehanna Energy Information Center
    April

    Won

    Oct

    through

    Sat.. 8:30 a m.-4:30

    -(•larch

    .

    go

    to college."

    p m.

    Sun Noon.4:30 p m.
    Mon. through Fri.. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
    Sat II am .4 p.m.. Sun Noon.4 pm
    ,

    Nov

    .

    For information 0311(717) 542-2131

    Because Angie believes she was a more responsible parental
    figure, she would have liked to file for both girls' custody. But, her

    &

    who know Roy
    are afraid of him. He has
    "People

    lawyer advised her not to fight for Denise because by the time
    trial Denise would be old enough to tell the judge where she

    of the





    wanted to live no one doubted she would choose her father and
    could hurt Angle's chances of winning Julie's custody. Reluctantly,

    Angie

    relented,

    and the police removed Julie from Roy's custody,

    while Denise stayed with her father.

    Angie also says her lawyer advised her to follow through on her
    plans to leave the state immediately since she says

    harassing her at the

    WINTER

    Women's

    1991-1992

    Center.

    Daily: 8



    Wetlindi

    a.m

    Roy was

    to



    Council

    Is

    Cup

    Staffing fvlon. through Fri

    dusk

    For inlormalion

    Admission

    (9

    pull everywhere."
    first

    Riverlands

    call (717)

    .

    8 a

    r

    542-2306

    FREE

    Located on Route 1 1 just five miles north ol Berwick 0v»red and operated
    by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. and Allegheny Eleclhc Cooperative Inc.
    .

    Ten days

    later,

    Angie

    left

    with Julie for

    New

    Hampshire with

    a one-month stay in Chester, Vt., to live with an aunt until she had

    secured a job and an apartment. In November, Angie began work at

    County Rehabilitation Center while she studied for her
    Hampshire insurance license.
    On December 4, Angie and Julie arrived at their new apartment
    in New Hampshire. "With us, we had seventeen cents, four garbage

    the Sullivan

    New

    bags of clothes, a pillow, a blanket, a tapestry, a cardboard box, two
    1 -quart sauce pan and two spoons," Angie remembers.
    But with the help of family and friends, Angie and Julie turned the
    apartment into a home. "We enjoyed doing it," Angie says. "Even

    jelly jars, a

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    the tiniest thing

    became

    a masterpiece."

    During these hard times, Angie basked
    tween her and the two
    their conversations

    girls.

    in the closeness be-

    She called Denise

    brought her closer

    often. But, though

    to her daughter, they also

    caused her anxiety.

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    She claims
    in the

    that

    Denise was often

    left

    alone for most of the day

    apartment and she seemed depressed a

    culminated

    in

    lot.

    Angle's fears

    February 1989, when she says Denise

    a suicide

    left

    message on her answering machine.
    Angie remembers immediately calling Roy. She says Roy
    would not listen to her, saying Denise was sitting on the sofa
    watching television. But, Angie insisted that Denise had swallowed
    something and needed immediate attention.
    Angie called Roy constantly the next few days, frantic to find
    out about Denise, but she could not get through. Finally,

    Roy

    told

    "The only thing
    I'm guilty of is not

    being a

    quitter."

    her Denise had swallowed a few of his heart pills, not enough to
    her.

    Angie

    insisted that

    Roy

    kill

    get their daughter psychological

    counseling, claiming Denise often practices suicide by chewing up

    handfuls of her father's medication and then spitting them out.

    "That's a cry for help, but nobody's hearing," she says.

    Roy says he did hear his daughter' s cry "She wasn
    .

    '

    t

    getting the

    attention from her mother," he explains. "So, she called up her

    mom

    and told her she was taking my medication. I counted the pills; there
    was only one missing. My doctor told me not to worry, and I found
    out later she didn't even take it."
    In April 1989,



    Costumed Deliveries

    tion

    Angie was asked

    then worked part-time in a group




    Hospital Deliveries

    Wedding Receptions

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    We create a Lasting Memory

    275-4006
    Rt.
    10

    1 1

    Danville

    to resign

    from the

    rehabilita-

    agency for "blowing the whistle" on internal problems. She

    It

    was

    at this

    home

    for mentally

    time that Angie found a friend

    to

    ill

    clients.

    help her through

    She met Jim in New Hampshire. He had worked
    and had experienced some of the same
    problems she had. They were soon engaged.
    In July, Angie became frantic when Denise told her she had
    been molested by a friend whom Roy had hired to drive Denise
    around. At this time, Roy was working long days at a car dealership
    and worried that his daughter was not getting out enough. He asked
    his friend to drive Denise to school functions and to friends' houses.
    Angie became enraged when Denise called her. She made a number
    of phone calls to Roy insisting that he do something. Roy promised
    he would handle the situation.
    the difficult times.

    for the Rehabilitation Center

    SPECTRUM

    to learn about his friend. "That was a really
    me," he says. "I've known this guy for over
    twenty years and I trusted him implicitly. He said it was a lie. But,
    I told him I didn't want him around my house or my kids."
    Angle broke her engagement with Jim in January 1990, but
    they remained friends. Finally, Angle decided that she would move

    Roy was shocked

    hurtful situation to

    Angie didn't think twice about allowing Julie

    In light of this,
    visit

    Rorida

    the

    also lived.

    would live in Florida after she
    was established. "He offered to
    give

    me $2,000 to make a life in

    Florida," she remembers. But,

    she says

    Roy backed out of their

    agreement a few days before she

    "All his

    He said he would take
    my girls and make me look bad.
    And he did just that."

    about the past.

    Even Roy seemed

    to

    have changed

    for the better,

    Angie

    says.

    send

    But Julie

    didn't

    schedule. Instead,
    called,

    Roy urged

    stay a

    little

    asked

    to

    her to

    let Julie

    When

    longer.

    speak

    return on

    when Angie
    she

    to her daughter,

    Roy always told her Julie was
    not home or she was loo busy to
    talk with her mother.

    Finally, the

    phone conver-

    Roy told her he would not send her any
    money. "I felt I deserved some kind of compensation," Angie says.
    "Other women get settlements from their husbands when they are
    divorced." Angry and disillusioned, Angie told Roy she would take
    sations

    him

    became

    heated.

    to court.

    But Roy reached his lawyer

    On Aug.

    first.

    Angie arrived in Shamokin to search for her
    daughter. As she wandered through backstreels and alleys, she
    thought about her troubled past and her uncertain future. "I thought,
    'all his threats have come through,'" she says. "He said he would
    take my girls and make me look bad. And he's done just that." S

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    through.

    was going to leave.
    Angle and Julie went to
    Florida anyway. Jim traveled
    with them so they could share expenses. His parents had a house on
    the west coast of Florida and he was going to stay with them.
    Angle's mother lived on the state's east coast and she would allow
    Julie and Angie to stay for a while.
    Florida was all Angie had hoped for. Denise seemed happy in
    Pennsylvania with her father, and Julie was adjusting to life in
    Florida quickly. Angie dreamed of the day when she and Julie could
    get their own apartment and begin a normal, happy life. Both she
    and Julie were seeing a psychologist to sort out their bad feelings

    money back

    help Angie "get on the right

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    WINTER

    to

    her father on June 26, 1990. Julie was to stay for two weeks.

    Angie says Roy promised

    where her mother
    She and Roy were
    also talking quite a bit now. In
    fact, he told her he and Denise
    to

    He called Angie quite often, wrote her countless letters, including
    some which begged her to return, and seemed to support her. He still
    talked about moving to Florida with Denise so they could all see
    each other more often.

    .



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    '

    DADDY'S
    LITTLE
    GIRLS?
    Despite conventional wisdom,

    one father says they

    and
    now and has never been a chauvinist. In fact, he
    most cases, children in custody battles would be
    better off with their mothers. However, his is not one of those cases.

    says he
    Roy
    believes

    isn't

    isn't

    said let's wait a year, put

    afraid to say

    away

    are,

    why

    a year's worth of wages, I'd

    sell

    my

    we'd get the kids accustomed to moving and then move
    down with some money."
    "I've always said that I could take better care of the kids than she
    Roy, an insurance salesman recovering from heart surgery, was
    could," the fifty-year-old father says. "My lawyer told me it was
    reluctant to head south because he feared he could not compete with
    very hard for a man to get custody of the children, but he also thought
    the younger salesmen. "I just didn t want to get into that rat race and
    I had a good case. So I filed."
    push like that," he says, "But she wanted me to just pack up and go
    His decision was not a spur of
    and I couldn't do that."
    the moment one, but rather the
    Then Roy discovered that
    'result of a series of events that led
    Ji"i was staying with Angle's
    rr-';^
    n
    o- '"^t
    kjiic; Slctllt;
    him to fear for the well-being of
    •L,>
    brother in Paxmos while she was
    in

    property,

    '

    5

    his

    youngest daughter.

    "The situation was that during 1989 Angle [the child's
    mother] was constantly moving
    from place to place," he says. "One
    time Julie [the youngest daugh-

    mf^

    ^1

    and told me she was
    suing

    me and taking me to

    staying at the trailer in S hamokin.

    "That's

    when

    I

    realized that

    that situation," he says.

    were the three of us

    court. I said

    'No you're not,

    I

    didn't want to get involved with

    down

    "What,

    all

    going

    together?"

    was sent to me because Angle
    That realization was more of
    was having some trouble. I found
    a turning point in his life. "I had
    that's
    out she was losing her apartment
    written her letters every day telland had no place to live; that's
    ing her how I felt, saying that if I
    to
    to
    why Julie was here."
    was doing anything wrong I was
    Later, after Angle moved in
    sorry," he says. "I told her I was
    with Jim, a man she worked with, a man Roy claims she told him she
    willing to do whatever had to be done to get us back on track because
    "couldn't stand," Julie went back to live with them. "Angle would
    the children needed a mother and a father. I just didn't want to go
    call me and say 'Oh, I can't tell you what he did to Julie, I just hate
    through the rest of my life worrying that every time she walks out the
    him and he'll never do it again, because I'll kill him if he does it
    door, she's meeting someone."
    again.' But she wouldn't tell me what he did."
    But according to Angle, Roy wasa little more supportiveof the idea
    In 1990, Angle decided she wanted to move to Florida and
    to move toRorida. "He told me to go ahead," she says. "He said he would
    wanted Roy to join her. "I told her to move here instead," Roy says.
    give me $2,000 to help set me up in an apartment and when he and
    "She didn't necessarily have to live here, but at least in the area. I
    Denise [the oldest daughter] were ready, they would come down."
    ter]

    what I'm

    because
    going

    do

    you.'"

    by Mike Mullen
    12

    SPECTRUM

    She wasn't surprised when he

    told her he wasn't going. "He'll

    you along," she says. "But when
    with something, he never does."
    tote

    As

    it

    comes

    to following

    through

    With

    Angle claims she broke the engagement, but he was
    going to travel with her and Julie to Florida anyway to share the
    expenses. His parents lived on the west coast and when they arrived
    for Jim,

    in Florida,

    he "helped

    this failed,

    judge

    me unload my trailer at my mom's house and

    own

    place.

    "But

    I

    in

    with her mother until she could afford to get her

    told her

    it

    the ten or twenty times she
    says.

    wasn't going to be any different from

    went north

    to

    New

    Hampshire," Roy

    1

    he sought the aid of James Rosini, an attorney who, as a

    987, had granted Angle's Protection from Abuse Petition.

    his help,

    Roy

    The next

    step

    filed

    forcustody of Julie on July 24, 1990.

    was to take the matter before Harry Klein, a
    special master, whose job is to see if an amicable sclllemcnt could
    be reached without going to trial. The hearing was .scheduled for
    Aug. 16, but much more would take place before then.

    then went to the west coast," she says.

    Angie moved

    in

    Afraid for Julie's well-being becau.se she hadn't been able to
    some time and faced with custody papers from Roy,

    contact her for

    Angie immediately
    sylvania.

    "They [Angie and her mother] just don't

    left

    Florida to search for her daughter

    "

    when they are together
    As he expected, it wasn't long
    before Angie was on the phone
    get along

    "I

    .'vS!?J;'S»

    \

    she asked for $4,000. "She

    her

    '•\

    down there a month or
    more when she called me say-

    Angie

    says. "I talked to Julie and asked

    V.

    asking him for help, he claims

    ing she needed

    immediately called when I received

    the custody letter from Roy,"

    wasn't

    Penn-

    in

    She arrived Aug. 6andfiledacounterclaim forcuslodyof
    Deniseon Aug. 10.

    '

    >

    she was coming back

    if

    and she told
    want to be

    me

    she didn't

    there. That's

    when her grandmother

    money," he

    picked up the phone,

    y

    said,

    says.

    'The kids are OK,' and

    "Her mother was pushing
    all I could thmk
    was 'Here we go again.' Only
    now she's not 450 miles away m
    New Hampshire, she's 1,500
    miles away, and I don't know
    what's going to happen to my
    daughter. I don t kno w where she s

    hung up."

    When

    her to get out and

    '

    going to be,

    if

    no one

    sitter, I

    even

    know

    she has a baby-

    anything

    "

    /:
    "She

    /

    /

    someone

    Roy

    it

    else

    to Julie

    ''^^x^

    might have

    ^>

    come

    into

    it

    my life. But I
    how he felt

    then told Angie

    ^

    started cursing at

    knees so

    ,

    me and

    to join us,"

    she says,

    might be time for me to let
    never lived with anyone."

    — he was afraid he would

    told

    1991-1992

    I

    couldn't find her.

    I

    was shocked," she

    says, referring to Julie's account of being kept in

    me

    she was suing

    me

    and taking me to court. I said 'No you're not, because that's
    what I'm going to do,' and I hung up."
    According to official records, Roy attempted to file forcustody
    on his own without the help of legal counsel on July 14, 1 990. When

    WINTER

    swimming pool and

    started spilling all these things to me about
    being forced to crawl around on her hands and

    <

    only be buying her some breathing space, maybe a month or
    two, before she would be back for more. "She'd be in the same
    jam again, only I would be $4,000 poorer," he says. "That's

    when she

    says.

    I told them she was."
    Angie didn't think so. "When I
    finally got Julie back on Aug. 16, she

    ^L--

    said.

    coming down

    and told her

    Roy

    safe.

    f

    there.'"

    realized he wasn't

    he

    anything."

    me to tell me what she was
    doing. And the police called me to ask
    if I was aware that my ex- was doing
    this. They asked if my daughter was

    /

    still

    mother's to her own place, but thinks Roy misin-

    I

    me

    started

    nieces at the

    Angie denies living with another
    man at any point before she moved out of her

    "When

    me

    tell

    let

    all right;

    they called

    guy she went down there with
    Now I thought, 'I'm not sending any

    explained

    was

    showing Julie's picture around and telling people that
    I kidnapped her. What she didn't
    know was that she talked to my

    nal

    "I

    ar-

    "Angie came up earher than

    ^/

    having a relationship with the origi-

    terpreted something Julie

    Julie

    she was supposed to,"

    her mother's neighbors," Roy says

    money down

    if

    wouldn't

    The two decided to have Julie
    go north for a while to help Angie
    out. At this point, Roy still intended to give Angie some money,
    but Julie's visit changed thai
    "I found out Angie was living with yet another guy, one of
    "She was living with him and

    "He wouldn't

    says.

    '

    know

    don't

    who

    ranged for a meeting widi
    Roy. "I was hysterical," she

    she has a place to

    if

    in

    Roy's, so she

    at

    contacted a friend

    ;

    stay, or

    she arrived

    Pennsylvania, Angie found

    Roy's

    stepsister's

    Roy

    home

    so Angie could not find her.

    doesn't deny the nature of the charge. "Angie was operat-

    ing under the assumption that
    Julie

    whomever had

    physical custody of

    had custody of her," Roy says. "She figured

    she could get

    if

    physical custody of Julie and take her back to Florida

    anything about

    it

    and she was pretty much

    right. If

    I

    I

    couldn't do

    try to stop her

    and we start something, the cops show up and what happens? I go to
    she has Julie, she's back in Florida and where am I? Tr>'ing to

    jail,

    argue between states."

    Faced with the possible consequences, Roy decided he couldn't
    allow the two to see each other and, legally, his actions were not
    punishable. "I

    was

    in

    my

    legal right in not letting

    Angie see

    her,"

    13

    Roy says. "Legally, I had the right to have her; my attorney advised

    me to do what I
    Roy

    is

    did."

    referring to the 1987 order that established the physical

    custody of the two children and the subsequent visitation times. In
    that

    document, Roy was awarded visitation with Julie from July 17
    Friday before the beginning of school. This would place the

    heard on Nov. 2, 1990, in Northumberland County Court in front of
    Judge William W. Lipsitt, a specially presiding judge from Harrisburg. This assignment was made because none of the other judges
    were available at the time and had nothing to do with the nature of
    the case.

    Angie was disappointed with the hearing for a number of
    saw the hearing as unfair because the judge neither
    listened to what Julie had to say

    until the

    date for Julie's return as Aug.

    1

    6, coincidentally, the

    day the Special

    reasons. She

    Master hearing was scheduled.

    And

    that is

    when Angle fiThe two

    and

    we

    how Roy would care for Julie.
    Her disgust with Roy's lawyer

    to

    the meeting

    told

    me

    to just

    wait until

    I

    got

    something, the cops

    start

    concerned his involvement with

    show up and what happens?
    go

    I

    women

    100 percent. But

    to jail, she has Julie, she's

    Abuse Order
    and

    his

    in 1987, his per-

    appointment of the court

    psychologist

    back in Florida and I'm trying

    what bothered me was the fact
    that I couldn't explain any of the
    accusations. I even asked him
    whyldidn'tgetachance,butmy
    lawyer told me not to worry because we would get our chance

    to

    who evaluated

    the

    family.

    As

    argue between states."

    for her lawyer, she

    was

    not happy with his representation of her.

    She believed he did

    not do an adequate job of raising
    in

    all

    of the important facts of the case, namely Denise's alleged abuse

    and Roy's misleading testimony.

    court."

    Klein's role

    the original Protection from

    sonal relationship with Lipsitt,

    down there because this guy was
    for the

    to

    Denise's wishes, nor inquired as

    parents went before Klein and

    was short and to the
    point "Once the word abuse was
    mentioned, the matter was bound
    over for trial," Roy says. "I was
    really upset. A friend of mine

    much weight

    while giving

    "If I try to stop her

    nally got Julie back.

    was finished

    as soon as

    could be reached without a trial.

    it

    appeared no settlement

    He decided things should remain as

    they were; Julie with Angle, and Denise with

    Roy

    until the court

    could hear the case.
    After several continuances were granted, the case was finally

    However, an important point
    Angle's attorney during
    essential,

    this

    that

    may have been

    overlooked by

    hearing was an off-hand, yet extremely

    remark Roy made while on the stand, and while under oath.

    When asked if his income was sufficient to support both his home and
    his two children he rephed, "Yes. I don't owe anything on my home."

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    SPECTRUM

    "
    This fact

    is

    significant because

    financially stable.
    his

    home.

    It

    It

    showed

    it

    showed

    the judge he

    the judge

    Roy was

    1989, standard practice

    had no outstanding debt on

    of

    also wasn't accurate.

    According to official records

    Prothonotary's Office

    from

    in

    1984,

    went on public assistance once

    only received about $400.

    in the

    And

    that

    Roy applied

    and
    to

    DPW

    lien. In

    to place

    judge

    such a

    such a case, the recipient

    would then be required

    to

    i

    Julie

    pay

    back any cash assistance received

    won V^U:5LULIJ

    let Angle

    S5,000, this does not

    mean

    less than

    we went

    to the court-appointed

    psychologist," he says, "I believed very strongly at the time

    was sexist. Angle
    had her two hours, but when I
    went down, she wanted to spend
    that this lady

    wouldn't

    have to go back."
    bond

    Roy was

    ing used by Wiley as well. "When

    was crying that I lied to her

    title.

    the

    information she used

    her decision.

    Initially,

    and the owner would again have

    Even though

    in the

    make

    CUIU LiH^

    take her back,

    when I told her she

    before the lien would be removed

    sole

    "I

    enthused with the methods be-

    only program that au-

    this is the

    thorizes

    Alter

    DPW,

    one month," Roy says.

    in Judy Wiley's [the courtappointed family therapist] evaluation of her and the children. She
    says Wiley was selective in the information she reported to the court

    because according to Joe Zenuck,

    Northumberland County

    for

    should be taken care of by now,

    I paid it back some time ago."
    Angle was also very disappointed

    DPW,

    claims investigator for the

    five years

    though.

    1984.

    This information proves that at some point

    when a bond is not satisfied within

    original issue.

    "I

    in the

    Northumberland County Courthouse, Roy has a 55,000 lien placed
    against his property by the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) in

    for cash assistance

    its

    more time with Angle and the
    Now I was thinking,
    'Boy this lady is against me, and

    children.

    is

    that

    amount owed. And because government regulations
    prevent DPW from disclosing the amount of the lien, the amount
    owed can only be estimated at between $1 and $4,999. This is
    because as Zenuck says, "If they come in and get SI, the bond is
    this is the

    $5,000, and

    I'm going

    to lose.'

    But when she testified

    needed the extra time
    before and then

    According

    to

    in court

    she explained she

    confirm what she had observed the night

    recommended

    that the children be placed with

    to court records,

    it

    was

    this

    me."

    testimony by Wiley that

    they get $4,990,

    carried most of the weight in the decision to place Julie with Roy.

    The amount owed is only equal to the amount
    received, and normally, another bond is issued if the amount of
    assistance received exceeds $5,000. Roy's bond was renewed in

    "I've taken into consideration the testimony that has been given not

    placed at S5,000,
    it's still

    if

    they get $10,

    it's

    $5,000."

    Scott

    Town

    AUTO
    Sales

    if

    only from both of the parties, but I'm particularly dependant upon
    the information and the testimony given to us by Mrs. Wiley," Judge

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    when he delivered his decision which was to grant full
    Roy with liberal visitation in the summer and over

    Lipsitt said

    said something like that in passing or in an incredible

    legal custody to

    of desperation or heartache.

    the holidays for Angle.

    seriously."

    What confused Roy was
    return with

    Angle

    until

    that the judge allowed Julie
    Christmas vacation when a switch

    custody could be made more easily for the sake of Julie's
    education. While he understood the reasoning, he was upset

    I

    She found herself a new lawyer who was willing to work
    who had to pay for his counsel.
    He even went so far as to call Angle's lawyer's father-in-law, a

    for free. This did not sit well with Roy

    personal friend of

    understand. "That summer,

    she had a free lawyer,"

    want to
    go back with her mother,"

    Roy

    says.

    "Then

    after

    I

    was crying

    when

    I

    that

    I

    "I just

    "I'm just thankful that Julie

    know why
    Roy says.

    my

    this area all

    she's living for free at the

    afford to take care of herself it

    not even from Pennsylvania. I just

    wanted

    lied to her

    told her she wouldn't

    it

    to cost her

    This

    is

    decision to

    care of the child."

    this to put in a nine-year-

    me

    between $3,000 and $4,000.
    lawyer is paid."

    I

    I

    his

    support from

    Angie. "I would have never

    formy

    What kind of stuff is

    was

    it

    what prompted
    file for

    for support if

    mother. But she was telling Julie things like 'I'm going to die
    if you leave me' or 'If you don't stay, I'll die and you'll never

    what

    costing me."

    would be very hard to take

    didn't want to be here anymore, she wanted to be with her

    again.'

    have lived in

    to

    Women's Center; she's collecting money from Florida, and she's

    when she returned in January. "She was totally different," Roy says. "Now she

    me

    "I

    his.

    wanted

    here, because if Angie can't

    have to go back."
    This carried over to

    see

    is

    life,

    won

    custody and the judge let
    Angie take her back, Julie

    it

    for Julie.

    over the effect it had on his
    daughter because she didn't
    Julie said she didn't

    moment

    pray Julie never took

    Despite losing custody, Angie did not intend to give up her fight

    to
    in

    And

    filed

    didn't have to pay

    attorney," he says. "It cost

    only want the support

    until

    my

    Angle's attempts to win her daughter back have included a

    number of

    petitions

    and motions. She

    filed

    both an appeal and a

    old's head?"

    motion for a modification, just hoping for a quick hearing so she

    Angie believes Roy is turning the tables on her here.
    "He's taking something he said to me and saying I said it," she
    says. "He told me he would die if I left him. I can't say I never

    could return to Florida and resume her

    life.

    But Rosini has handled Angie at every turn. First, he successfully argued that she could not both appeal and modify a decision.

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    SPECTRUM

    Then came
    during the

    which Roy won despite the fact that
    Roy claimed he was more financially

    she had to pay rent and electricity, but she's trying to save

    the support hearing
    first

    custody

    trial,

    money to come sec mc."
    "And that's understandable, " Roy

    secure than she.
    When the modification hearing was held last May, Angie

    thankful that Julie

    was disappointed. The two-day hearing only netted her an
    two weeks of visitation in the summer.
    She returned to Florida alone and Roy was unsympathetic.

    take care of herself,

    when

    life

    But Angie, who

    things first started," he says, "just get your

    straightened out and then they can both

    come

    they want

    if

    when

    Julie

    is

    live with

    would be very hard

    is

    to.

    old enough she will too.

    going to
    summerof 1991.
    come unless
    Denise did and Denise
    wouldn't come unless her friend came," she says. "I was
    over the

    having a difficult enough time making ends meet and bringing
    down, let alone three kids. They would have all needed
    day care when I was at work, meals, and partial air fare back.

    Julie

    had

    to

    squeeze just

    to get Julie here,

    I

    couldn't afford

    all

    life and can take care of
    have a beautiful apartment only four miles from the
    ocean," she says. "I work in a beautiful office. But even if I
    had the same rundown trailer in Pennsylvania, Julie would
    still have a better life with
    me. Finances aren't every-

    over.

    It's

    thing."

    never

    And Roy seems
    happy with

    be over."

    "I like
    it's

    paints a different picture. "It

    he says. "She has a

    new

    was finances

    job, but expenses are a

    I

    guess,"

    little

    heavier

    my

    my

    I'll

    Still, after all

    of this, I'm a

    for the

    gun-shy.

    whole custody arrangement, Roy

    I

    don't

    It's just too

    isn't ruling

    "When my daughter [Julie]
    wants to move in with her

    it.

    It's

    never going

    to

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    "She couldn't get the money," Julie says when Roy asks
    her why she didn't visit her mom this summer. "She had to eat.

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    you ask Denise, though, she'll say 'Dad, you
    have no life.' In a way she's right, I have no girlfriends, even
    though I may meet an occasional woman when I'm playing in
    like

    much

    three."

    Roy

    to take care of the

    currently working as a licensed iance

    "Julie couldn't

    I

    says, "But I'm just
    Angie can't afford to

    Julie. "I

    "No,

    ters

    it

    if

    agent, believes she has a desirable

    Denise has always had her choice and
    I said "Why don't you
    just leave them here until you
    get your life in order.' But
    no, she didn't want to do that."
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    And then, Angie was not
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    CAUGHT
    THE

    IN

    CROSSFIRE
    Often used as pawns

    in

    custody battles, the
    children sujfer most

    Every

    The concept of

    the

    game is basic, but a moderator is still essential because some battles are too close to

    And in custody cases, real-life tugs-ofit's the children who suffer most from

    call.

    war,

    a bad

    According to attorney Susan Hill,
    Bloomsburg, the primary standard in custody cases

    is

    to

    for the child.

    made is in

    Evaluation Services, Glenside, an organization that
    in

    makes custody recommendations

    unusual cases, believes custody disputes

    that

    make

    it

    to court

    almost always become

    tugs-of-war. "It happens

    more than 99

    very important.

    Julie,

    who was nine years old and living

    with her father in Shamokin in February

    199 1 wrote a

    Lewis also says custody cases are usumost difficult kind to judge. "Law-

    ,

    ents,

    themselves. People in a bitter

    divorce are hurting

    Attorney John R. Gordner,



    love
    her.

    it's

    normal.

    let

    me

    my mom

    that

    maybe

    change

    dis-

    his

    re-

    judges weigh the scales. But with custody

    stay with her father,

    cases, it's a preponderance of evidence rather

    Denise.

    into tugs-of-war," he says.

    than clear and convincing evidence," he

    extra visitation time in the

    Joan Mosier, administrator for Columbia County Children and Youth, says, "All

    says.

    parents advocate themselves. People in a

    sometimes taken into account by the judge,
    but it depends on the child's age and matu-

    solve.

    bitter

    divorce are hurting

    them

    to set priorities."



    it's difficult for

    a modification

    He

    did,

    wrote

    it

    so

    would

    trial,

    Julie's request,

    Ranck ordered she

    "Those are the times where you get

    however, are much more difficult to

    I

    mind," she says.

    But despite

    hands of a judge,

    "I

    the judge

    in

    in the

    my

    very happy.

    "

    yers put marbles on the scales of justice, and

    end up

    Now if you

    stay with

    and can't leave

    what she wanted.

    putes are settled out of court.
    that

    my

    don't

    effort to convince the court of
    '

    custody cases for about five

    Those

    I

    This letter was part of Julie's

    difficult

    for them to get priorities."

    who has handled child
    most custody

    is

    could just

    mom. I would be

    making the "best interests"

    years, says

    every night and

    think that

    "All parents advocate

    But some sug-

    of the child secondary.

    Judge Samuel Ranck

    Julie wrote, "I cry for

    mom

    a battle between the par-

    Berwick,

    letter to

    asking to live with her mother. Angle.

    ally the

    gest these cases too often be-

    come

    "Over 12, it's
    10 and 12 it

    And between

    depends on the maturity."

    decision

    the child's best inter-

    ests," she says.

    child wants to go," he says.

    do what's best

    "Any

    10, the court usually

    doesn't take into consideration where the

    per-

    cent of the time," he says.

    call.

    "Under the age of

    Ken Lewis, founder of Child Custody

    game, even a simple tug-of-war,

    requires a referee.

    Roy, and oldest

    sister,

    however, grant her mother

    summer.

    Julie says she felt confused throughout

    The

    child's wishes,

    Gordner says, are

    rity.

    the custody battle, and the hardest thing
    that she couldn't

    be with her mother.

    was

    "It's

    when you want to stay with someone
    and no one will let you," she says.
    like

    by Jennifer Stefanick
    18

    SPECTRUM

    Angie believes Julie has been given no

    "No adults will

    rights in the situation.
    to her.

    My daughter's rights are

    listen

    not impor-

    tant," she says.

    "When you start fighting
    for me again, make sure you get me my own
    her a letter stating,

    lawyer." Julie wants this because nobody

    is

    considering her wishes, Angie says.
    "Julie said to
    I

    abuse occurred.

    Denise says her biggest problem with
    the way the court handles custody cases is

    "One parent doesn't know what's going on.

    me, 'No one's listening

    want, and

    it's

    wants someone to

    about me.'

    listen

    She

    to

    just

    because obviously

    the judge didn't,"says Angie.

    not always spiie,"the lawyer says.

    way men are treated. "I think that women

    A lot oftimes there's a perfectly good explanation for what happened, but the relation-

    professorof sociology and social welfare

    for

    at

    Bloomsburg University, judges are sometimes more leniant toward women.
    "Sometimes judges are automatically
    biased in favor of

    Angie also believes the children suffer the

    "It's

    sometimes get away with a little bit more
    than men do," she says. "Sometimes that's
    good, and sometimes that's bad."
    According to Sue Jackson, associate

    the

    According to Angie, Julie recently wrote

    what

    they should be on top of the.sc things."

    women

    rather than being

    Jackson believes judges
    have no training

    says, "the children are."

    in

    is

    so hostile that they can't talk about

    it."

    According

    Jane Kearney, director

    lo

    Northumberland County Children and

    Youth, when child abuse allegations are
    brought into a custody case, the court will

    sometimes ask Children and Youth

    who

    says.

    issues

    "Our responsibility is
    to serve families with

    neglect or abuse.

    worst part about the

    way

    is

    deal with custody

    cases. It's not our task," Kearney

    Denise says the

    whole ordeal

    But sometimes,
    we do get placed

    the

    her parents

    in that role."

    act towards each

    These fam-

    "They were
    putting us on the
    other.

    spot

    all

    are designed to

    remove

    didn't

    tug-of-war, ac-

    cording

    she says.

    agrees that

    was watching

    he and Angie argue.

    "They were always caught
    in the middle," he says.
    Denise also says it was
    difficult to keep up with her
    schoolwork during the custody
    battle. "I missed a lot of time

    the child.

    go

    to

    the child has a right to a

    relationship with both parents," she says.

    Mosier also stresses the importance of the child's welfare.

    [in

    "We need to realize the child has
    two parents. Custody cases can be trau-

    Mary, a twenty-year old who went
    thirteen, says the court

    We

    great extremes because

    school] going to court," she says.

    through a custody dispute

    to

    Kearney.
    "We need to do
    a family evaluation
    to do what's best for

    the worst part for his

    children

    the

    child from the

    know what to say,"

    Roy

    evaluations

    ily

    the time

    we

    and

    for a

    family evaluation.

    "We don't normally

    objective," she says.

    most in cases like these. "Roy and
    I are not the ones hurt," she

    ship

    when she was

    never asked her what

    matic to children

    — they're already

    suf-

    she wanted.

    fering because they're without one par-

    remember my mom telling my
    me that we'd have to spend
    every other weekend with our father because the court said so. They never asked us

    ent," she says.

    "I just

    The recent trend of

    brother and

    if

    we wanted

    to or not," she says.

    The court's decision, Mary says, evencaused some hurt feelings for her.
    "Because my dad was involved with drugs,

    ^^

    like these should

    help with the case.

    "One would hope,

    helped," she says.

    he'd often forget our weekend," she says.

    often

    "We'd end up waiting and

    leged child abuse. In

    It

    was

    more painful than if we would' ve just played
    it by ear."

    Mary
    way

    says she

    is

    not pleased with the

    the court handled her case.

    According

    ally

    "It's a

    possession.

    my dad hadn't been paying child

    support," she says. "That's ridiculous

    WINTER

    1991-1992



    and Kearney says casework-

    that year,

    actu-

    ers have to

    for parents to

    make

    referrals equally.

    very popular maneuver

    lately.

    an advantage to the parent with
    It

    some impact on
    Children and Youth organizations.
    According to the Pennsylvania 1990
    Child Abuse Report, there were 24,357
    reports of suspected child abuse during
    also called, has had

    is al-

    ing a custody battle.

    number two,
    figure out

    there

    he says

    builds time," he says.

    But Susan Hill says parents who make
    these accusations often honestly believe

    "false allega-

    tions," or "spite referrals" as they are

    it's

    fact,

    "false allegations" against their spouses dur-

    "Number

    took them two years to

    a

    Lewis, custody cases are

    becoming common

    It's

    later

    to

    more complicated when

    one, they never asked me what I wanted, and
    it

    if

    judge does not have expertise, there will be
    consultants available so that he or she is

    tually

    waiting.

    have experts to

    make

    sure they treat

    all

    Kearney says, "It got to the point
    where people immediately had suspicions in custody cases because of spite
    referrals. It's a big issue.

    make

    We

    have

    sure the staff isn't assuming
    not valid."

    to

    it's

    These family evaluations carry

    a
    19

    The

    great deal of weight in court, Gordner

    child,

    portant, regardless of the age of the

    matic.

    "When

    child."

    Co
    Spring 1992

    •to*
    Mazowsze
    Thurs., January 23

    Another problem that may put the
    child's best interests on the back burner,
    Jackson says, is
    when parents
    fight

    for cus-

    tody

    for

    they

    want

    to

    may

    sure the other

    Quartet

    person doesn't

    Sun., February 2

    get him or her,"

    she says. "Or,
    they intellectualize

    Pittsburgh

    Opera Theatre

    '^Carmen"
    Sun.,

    March 22

    "Pippin"
    Sat.,

    ^

    o

    is

    that

    I

    it

    push and pull of
    can really have

    ramifications on the child's self-es-

    teem," she says.
    is extremely

    "It

    my mom
    every night. Now if
    you could just let me
    stay with my mom,

    make

    Cleveland

    there

    affection and loyalty,

    "I cry for

    the

    wrong reasons.
    "They may
    want revenge,
    or

    C<5

    effects of a custody case on the
    Jackson says, are potentially trau-

    says, pointing out, "They're very im-

    would be very happy."

    important to
    have a sense of
    stability.

    [Cus-

    tody disputes]
    devastate that
    equilibrium that
    all

    human

    ings
    have."

    be-

    should

    The uncertainty

    of

    the

    situation also
    has an effect on

    and feel

    they should be taking care of the child

    the child, Jackson says. "It's a disturb-

    when, emotionally, they don't have the

    ing phenomena not to have knowledge
    about what's going to happen," she says.
    Jackson also says the child is often
    confused over which parent he or she
    can love. "They're not sure if it's okay

    skills to effectively parent."

    Jackson also says there are cases in
    which a parent is suing for financial
    reasons, "I've known of cases where the
    only reason a parent, for example, wants
    custody is because of the child sup-

    mommy if daddy says she's terThe child needs to feel safe about

    to love
    rible.

    that emotional bonding," she says.

    port," she says.

    March 28

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    MONTOUR
    FAMILY PLANNING
    SPECTRUM

    Because of the issues involved,
    Mosier believes custody battles tend
    last a

    to

    long time, leaving the child with

    an uncertain future.
    "The process appears to be very

    lengthy to me," she says. "It's not unlikely for it to take a year. This gives
    instability



    need

    to

    kids

    know what

    will

    happen,"

    she

    cess.

    "No

    to her.

    how-

    My daughter's

    months

    rights are not

    Columbia County
    is

    the delay

    important."

    pone the

    two judges, we don't have

    Large Pie
    Includes

    A

    Liter of

    not

    pepsjI

    "Since Judge Keller was made president judge in March of 1991, he has
    been more involved in scheduling cases.

    examinations were complete."
    began in

    a lot easier to get a full trial

    October of 1987 when her mother was
    awarded custody through a Protection
    from Abuse Order.
    Since then, Julie has been through
    two custody hearings, a modification
    trial, and has been forced to wait out
    five continuances.

    &

    Hot

    Her "tug-of-war" has

    Cold Subs'Stromboli
    Calzone'Salads

    trial

    In Julie's case, the battle

    able.

    it's

    until the

    to," she says.

    Gordner agrees that the process in
    Columbia County has become quicker
    since another judge has been made avail-

    Now,

    Pari'Sicilian

    com-

    wasn't ready,"
    he says, "But,
    we had to post-

    it

    we used

    to

    "It's

    "Now

    that there are

    Traditional'Pita

    that the court

    not as big a

    once was.

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    He cites

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    adults will listen

    said.

    Hill,

    and a judge in a custody case. It was six
    months to a year [for the process] but
    now it can be as little as two to six
    months," he says.
    Gordner believes that psychological evaluations and family studies contribute to the length of the custody pro-

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    WINTER

    1991-1992

    Friday


    Julie's parents, it's not over yet.

    who

    chaired a Columbia
    County committee in 1989 that explored
    the use of mediation in custody cases,
    believes the biggest problem with these
    battles is the effect it has on the family
    Hill,

    of the courts, but emphasizes the parents' responsibilities. "If the parents can
    agree," she says, "they will be light

    years ahead."

    Jackson agrees. "Ideally, what the parents should do

    is

    put the needs of their child

    They should

    members involved.
    "Once the litigation occurs," she

    set up guidelines, so that
    none of their dissatisfaction with each other

    says, "words are said that can't be taken
    back. There's such a strain on the family. Nobody understands unless they've

    spills

    been through it," she says.
    According to Hill, the committee
    found that mediation with a professional
    instead of going to court is a good
    solution to the problems surround-

    should work things out before tak-

    ing custody cases. But, she says,
    financial reasons
    sible for

    over into the child's direct experi-

    ence," she says.

    Roy

    also believes the parents

    ing the issue to court. "The logic

    of the situation should

    ter,"

    she says.

    Regardless of the solution, Kearney
    stressed the importance of
    keeping the child out of the
    tug-of-war. "We have to
    do what's best for the
    child," she says, "because
    it's not the child who's
    ^

    be worked out between the parents," he says

    getting divorced."

    Despite her family's
    lengthy battle, however,

    "That way we
    could avoid

    make that impos-

    Columbia County

    first.

    Since it is unlikely the parents will
    always be agreeable. Hill believes in
    mediation. "It is something worth looking into. Due to the nature of custody
    hearings, if people can resolve it before
    going to court, it would be much bet-

    at the

    this

    present time.

    Julie wants her

    we came

    until

    is

    other hand, would
    like the battle to

    to a

    come

    keeping the

    she says.

    Denise, on the

    to an end. "I'd

    be able to put
    behind me," she
    says, "and get on

    like to

    Mosier also betion

    can live with

    I

    my mom,"

    dead end."
    lieves the best solu-

    to

    tody. "I'd like it to go on

    unnec-

    "Things such as psychological
    studies would make it even more
    expensive," she says. "Because
    of financial problems and a
    lack of funds

    mother

    continue to fight for cus-

    ^

    it

    £.1'

    with

    entire struggle out*'^-^-'

    my

    S

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    Northumberland County Judge

    Barry

    Feudale says he hates custody hearings. In fact, the judge,

    who

    used

    to

    be

    "m^^wmfiHU

    nM

    Judge Jay Myers, who spent 19 years on the
    bench before retiring in 1991, says custody
    cases were just another part of his job.

    who

    "There are specific laws that address

    worked as a lawyer for a family welfare
    agency, says he is more fearful of domestic

    child custody matters and the court uses

    relations than cases involving hard-nosed

    ation all of the other aspects that are in-

    criminals.

    volved with the family

    involved with family counseling and

    Feudale, 45, has seen a big increase in
    the

    number of custody

    hearings, as well as

    divorce and support cases.

    him

    is

    the reason

    why he

    What

    disturbs

    feels there is

    an

    increase.
    "It's

    who

    will get that last victory," he

    them

    Then we take

    into consider-

    in the particular

    and from there a decision

    is

    case

    made," Myers,

    70, says.

    According to Feudale, Northumberland
    County Court had 440 cases involving custody, divorce or support in 1980. That number jumped to 1,192 cases in 1990.
    Attorney John McLaughlin, the master

    says.

    Montour and Columbia
    where two judges handle judicial

    In neighboring

    counties,

    as a base.

    responsibilities for about 78,000 people,

    hearings officer for Montour and Columbia
    counties, has heard

    past

    1 1

    230 custody cases

    months. The numbers are

    hv Pat Troskv

    in the

    less defined

    was no master in support cases and a
    custody master was scheduled by appointment

    In Montour and Columbia counties,
    McLaughlin, 40, gets the first shot at settling custody as well as support and divorce

    cannot afford the

    on an ad hoc

    cases.

    form

    in these counties because prior to July

    1

    ,

    1

    990,

    there

    basis.

    Also court appointed, McLaughlin finds

    Feudale says by the time a custody,
    divorce or support case reaches him, the
    issue
    that

    and

    is

    more than

    just the dollar

    his job very fulfilling

    the law that

    more than just

    the issue of who gets

    is

    followed

    in

    custody cases, yet

    depending on the ages of the children,

    I

    that, if

    In at least half of the cases, a lawyer

    represents one or both of the parties in a

    custody case, Klein says, pointing out an

    economics any-

    comes down

    to

    "It isn't

    anymore.

    ing his decision in a custody
    case. But,

    It

    economics

    cially recorded or

    comes down to

    The hearings

    making the decision promore difficult.

    usually like to talk with them. I'm sensitive

    In the initial stages of a custody petition,

    to

    If possible,

    no matter how simple or complex the case may

    Northumberland County's custody hear-

    ing officer, Harry Klein,
    try to find

    is

    the

    person to

    fu-st

    an amicable arrangement.

    Klein, whose position is court-appointed,

    coaching and

    he also serves as a

    support and divorce hearing officer.

    in the end,

    taken into consideration

    and

    a lot of things are

    when determining

    Klein says he

    leans toward giving primary physical cus-

    tody minors to the mother. This, of course,
    is

    the rule only if she is capable and qualified

    custodial arrangements," says McLaughlin.

    to care for the child.

    Both McLaughlin and Klein follow the
    same procedure in the early stages of a

    themselves biased. Both have ruled in favor

    hearing.

    of the father in

    "First, a

    has been the county's custody hearing officer
    for three years. In addition,

    all civil

    criminal proceedings.

    tions,

    be,

    county that has only two

    in a

    judges to handle

    al-

    ready been through other op-

    cess

    "on record."

    are not only cost-

    effective, but also time-savers

    who has more power"

    by the time a case gets

    chambers, the child has

    95 percent of the time.
    Neither
    Klein
    nor
    McLaughlin's hearings are offilevel

    who has

    more power," Feudale says.
    Feudale considers the
    child's best interest when mak-

    into

    filing fee, there is another

    approved, waives the

    agreement can be reached at this

    "It isn't
    It

    for cus-

    a person

    ties.

    the kids.

    more.

    if

    fee. The
    same is true in Montour and Columbia coun-

    "There is a standard procedure based on

    and cents

    can be liquidated from a relationship
    it's

    though taxing at times.

    The county has standard forms
    tody filings, Klein says, and

    month

    complaint is

    after the filing,

    I

    Klein and McLaughlin don't consider

    some

    cases.

    then about a

    Klein says that usually happens only

    hold a hearing,"

    when a child is older or when there are other

    filed,

    mitigating circumstances.

    Klein says.

    In
    ther

    most instances, though,

    who

    it is

    the fa-

    has the job with the larger pay-

    Husky Ambassadors

    check and the mother who can stay home

    "Share the vision that

    secondary custody in some instances. Klein

    with the child until he or she is of school age.

    Grandparents are also given primary or

    commitment

    University can

    should

    said this is

    to the

    last

    sometimes suggested by the

    parents themselves.

    and
    a

    "Every case is different and what I like
    do is to make sure when we set up an
    agreement that each party knows what to
    to

    lifetime!"

    expect," Klein says.

    ages as

    much

    He specifically encour-

    contact as possible with the

    secondary parent, even

    if it's

    only an occa-

    sional telephone call.
    "1 think a

    key

    to all

    of this is keeping the

    best interests of the child or children in

    mind," McLaughlin says.
    Klein and McLaughlin say major decisions

    on the

    child's schooling, religion and

    health care should be shared by both parents, as well as parent-teacher conferences

    The Husky Ambassadors represent a

    select group of

    the student body at Bloomsburg University.

    They

    and programs
    that bring the alumni, the student body, faculty and
    community together.
    participate

    in

    special activities

    and social and civic functions where the
    child might be involved.

    When

    there

    is

    more than one

    child in a

    custody case, the masters, as well as judges,
    feel the siblings

    should be kept together.

    "It's like fixing

    something

    that isn't

    broken. If the children are happy together,

    For more information

    call

    389-4058

    why

    separate them? Everything has to be

    taken into consideration and

    26

    all

    aspects must

    SPECTRUM


    be weighted, but when everything else

    he, too, sees

    is

    equal, children should be kept together,"

    Judge Myers says.
    If there is

    modifications to previ-

    McLaughlin notes

    much emotion or the feelings

    cast in stone."

    McLaughin
    look beyond them-

    ofparents are volatile, Klein and
    usually ask parents to

    selves and to the future of their children and
    their needs.

    an alleged or proven abuse,

    If there is

    many

    He

    Those custody cases

    mon

    ously approved orders.
    that

    "nothing

    is

    ever

    likes to let individuals

    and

    there

    witness

    when

    also

    is

    there

    is

    What

    A

    eventually decided must be

    contempt of court.
    It is not unlike Feudale to give either
    parent what he likes to call a "whiff of the

    some parents move apart, visitation becomes

    possible"

    may be held

    in

    if

    fixing something

    they violate his court order

    in a

    visits.

    children are

    arises frequently and sends
    couples back to Klein for further review of custody ar-

    why

    few hours,

    a

    in

    prison. This

    done, Feudale

    is

    the county

    know
    how serious the court is on maintaining

    happy together,

    separate

    is

    days or weeks

    says, to let both parties

    that isn't broke. If the

    a long separation

    directives involving

    its

    the welfare of the children in-

    volved.

    them?"

    Klein and Feudale believe
    there has been an "explosion" in

    rangements is the relocation
    of one or both parents. In some cases,

    move

    is

    followed or one or both parties

    The "whiff

    Another problem that

    parents

    Com-

    know, especially those who fail to get primary custody, that there is always hope as
    time goes on that an order can change.
    "Our society is a mobile one and as

    'It's like

    recommended

    between the time of

    to

    custody matter.

    be an unrelated adult (usuneighbor or member of the

    clergy) present for visitations.

    go

    information will become a matter of

    all

    record.

    Klein says he will stipulate that

    ally a

    that

    Pleas Court will be officially recorded

    difficult,"

    just to put distance be-

    there

    is

    Klein says. "With this mobility,

    always

    that possibility of a

    change

    family law, not just in
    Northumberland County, but nationwide.
    Klein believes one of the reasons is the

    tween each other and prevent visitation,

    or modification in custody."

    passage of the "no fault" divorce laws more

    he says.

    For as successful as Klein's and
    McLaughlin's methods have been, divorce
    and support matters at a lower level of the

    than 10 years ago.

    "The courts don't look too lightly on
    parents who do that," Klein says.
    About one-third of his cases are existing orders that need to be modified. With no
    specific numbers on hand, McLaughlin says

    court system

    —about

    As Feudale sums
    There

    5 percent of the time

    cannot be resolved and the couple end up
    before Feudale, Myers, or another judge.

    it

    these custody cases has
    is

    is

    "The amount of

    a lot of adversarial feelings and

    bitterness involved,

    there

    up,

    become out of sight.

    and when

    that

    a decrease in stability."

    happens

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    27

    BALANCING
    THE SCALES
    OF JUSTICE
    While weighing the children's
    welfare, lawyers fight for
    their clients' interests

    Angle never figured what she didn't
    hurt
    it

    know about the legal system could
    so much. By the time she realized,

    cost her custody of her youngest

    daughter.

    She found herself in need of an attorney on July 24, 1990, when Roy, the
    father of her two daughters, filed for
    custody of the youngest,
    Julie. Angle still believes her
    decision to retain Bloomsburg
    attorney
    is

    the

    Thomas

    E. Leipold

    "When

    Leipold, however, disagrees. "I did

    filed for cus-

    as well as

    Angle had a feeling the proceedings
    weren't going her way shortly after the
    hearing began on Nov. 2, 1990. Because
    she believed her arguments were never
    adequately presented. Angle was dismayed—but not surprised when Judge



    you're brand

    new

    the judicial system,

    you don't

    to expect," says
    first

    Mackie

    in

    Northumberland County

    Court.

    was real

    frustrating trying to find

    someone," she adds. "I never had to
    have a lawyer before."
    Leipold originally was referred to
    Angle through the Bloomsburg Women's
    Center in October 1987. Leipold repre-

    do on

    "It is

    my belief that Attorney Leipold
    my daughter away due to his
    negligence. I am sincerely
    afraid for my daughter," she

    has given

    said at the time.

    Angle feared

    you don't

    know what to expect."

    for Julie be-

    cause her oldest daughter,
    Denise, allegedly had been
    sexually molested once by
    one of Roy's friends. Angle
    adds that Leipold would not
    introduce that allegation dur-

    ing the custody hearing, de-

    was awarded

    custody of Julie on Oct. 9,
    1987, through a Protection from Abuse
    Order, with the advisement of Peter

    I

    natives.

    realm of lawyers and

    the judicial system

    could on that case, as

    losing her daughter, searching for alter-

    "When you're brand new

    in the

    I

    of them," Leipold says.
    Angle wrestled with the thought of

    all

    realm of lawyers and

    know what
    Angle, who

    "It

    when Roy

    tody of Julie in 1990.

    main reason she now

    only has visitation rights to
    see her 10-year-old daughter.
    in the

    sented Angle

    spite her repeated requests.

    Angie was also upset

    William W. Lipsitt of Harrisburg
    awarded

    legal custody of Julie to

    Roy,

    who was represented by former
    Northumberland County Court Judge
    James Rosini.
    "During the hearing he told me to
    write him notes about what I wanted,"
    Angle recalls about the arrangement with
    Leipold. "He did not do one thing I asked
    him to do. 1 should have never lost."

    her attorney failed to attack Roy's

    that
    al-

    leged instability that she says caused
    him to go through five jobs in six years

    and run several businesses bankrupt.
    The feeling of helplessness on the
    heels of her court loss further devastated Angie.

    Angie

    still

    owes most of

    her $3,000 of legal fees to Leipold and
    is

    slowly paying them off.
    Although Leipold refuses to discuss

    byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey
    28

    SPECTRUM

    the specifics of the case

    and

    his dealings

    with Angie, he says he did his best and
    disputes Angie's claim that he handled

    her suit as

    if it

    were

    his first child cus-

    tody case.

    Leipold,

    who works

    for

    the

    Bloomsburg law firm of James and
    Mihalik,

    is

    a graduate of the University

    of Toledo law school.

    He

    says he has

    Although not satisfied with the deAngie doesn't blame Beroes for
    failing to win full custody of Julie.
    "I'm proud of her," Angie says.
    "She's been at this for just five years.
    My lawyer was up against the big boys."
    Although Beroes has had limited
    contact with Angie since the May 21
    cision,

    decision, she says she

    is still

    had been sexually assaulted, and
    know Julie was locked in a

    ter)

    she didn't
    cellar."

    The
    curred

    was

    cellar incident allegedly oc-

    summer of 1990 when

    in the

    visiting

    Julie

    When Angie

    her father.

    came

    to pick up her youngest daughter,
    she was unable to find her and later was

    handling

    told Julie

    Angie

    the

    was locked in the basement of
    of Roy's stepbrother's wife.

    handled between 50 and 100 child custody disputes. In addition, Leipold says
    he has served as a special master for the

    the case. Beroes says she asked

    courts in custody cases.

    returned the only message she received

    Beroes also accused Roy of doing

    Although Leipold claims he is fairly
    knowledgeable about child custody and
    other types of family law, he no longer
    accepts custody cases. He is shifting his
    area of concentration to commercial,
    insurance, real estate, and civil litiga-

    from Angie, but got no answer when she

    other underhanded things during the cus-

    called.

    tody dispute. One that particularly appalled her was his telephoning her father-in-law and requesting him to ask

    to

    write from time to time but has not

    received a

    Beroes also says she

    letter.

    From the time she took over the
    case in December 1990, Beroes did all
    she could to sway Judge Ranck's opin-

    Roy denied

    Beroes

    ion in favor of her client. But she says

    Roy a hard lime.
    some nasty cases since

    to quit giving

    "I've handled

    I've been in practice," Beroes says.

    "It's

    "And that has never happened.
    Never."
    Despite knowing that she did
    all she could, Beroes says she was
    disappointed with Ranck's ruling
    to grant custody to Roy. She not only
    felt sorry for her client, but Beroes sympathized with Julie, whom she felt was
    a victim of the system.
    "There were a lot of outside influences in this case," Beroes says. "It just

    some of the
    more stressful work that
    I've done,"

    Leipold says
    about child

    custody
    "You

    tend to develop a fair

    emotional investment in your
    clients and in your cases. It's pretty
    hard to do your job well if you don't.
    When you have a situation like custody,
    it's more a personal case than representing a business corporation over some
    commercial contract. You tend to empathize more with your client."
    Last January, Angie's case was accepted without fee by Mount Carmel
    attorney Elizabeth Beroes, whose motion to modify custody was granted by
    Northumberland County Judge Samuel
    Ranck on Feb. 7, 199L
    Beroes, who earned the Pennsylvania award for free legal work in 1990
    and 1991, says she accepted Angie's
    case on a pro bono basis because of
    some of the unusual circumstances involved.

    "Regular custody cases are usually
    one hearing and that's it," Beroes says.
    "But this wasn't a regular custody case.
    There was a lot of fighting back and
    forth."

    After numerous delays. Judge
    Ranck, on May 21, modified the custody agreement to allow Angie to have
    Julie for six weeks in the summer, an
    additional two weeks from the previous
    agreement.

    WINTER

    that he locked his daughter

    in a cellar.

    tion.

    battles.

    home

    1991-1992

    seemed

    that there

    were

    a lot of factors

    that played such a significant role ver-

    sus what was best for the children."

    ^^/»?~«»"--

    argues that

    was
    what was best for the children. He suspects Angie may have lost because she
    was asking forcustody of Julie only, not
    the judge's decision

    both daughters.
    she became frustrated when Rosini, who
    had served with Ranck as a North-

    umberland County judge, was granted
    three consecutive continuances.

    "Rosini got

    at least

    for every hearing

    I

    one continuance

    set up. That's abnor-

    mal for any judge," says Beroes, who
    received her law degree from Ohio State
    University. "Usually, they'll give one."
    Beroes also was upset with the findings of Judy Wiley, a court-appointed

    who recommended Julie
    would be better off living with her sister
    and father. Beroes claims Wiley made
    her recommendation without knowing
    pyschologist

    all

    the facts.

    "Judy Wiley didn't know two important facts," Beroes contends. "She
    didn't

    know Denise

    [the oldest

    daugh-

    Keeping siblings together

    is

    "a fac-

    considered by judges,"
    Rosini says. "I think that was a very
    important factor. One of the things in
    tor that

    'is

    still

    this particular
    all

    the

    case that

    way through

    is

    I

    have argued

    she has never

    even asked for Denise."
    But Harold Woelfel, a former
    Selinsgrove attorney who was appointed
    to fill a vacant seat on the Union-Snyder
    County bench, disagrees. He says most
    judges no longer are swayed by an unusual division of siblings in custody
    cases.

    "We don't have the nuclear family
    anymore," Woelfel says. "We don't have
    Dad going off in the DeSoto and Mom
    staying

    home wailing

    for the bread

    and

    the milk and the dry cleaning to be de-

    29

    livered. That's not the

    way our

    society

    works.

    "There may be a very good reason
    [to separate siblings], and I don't have a
    particular problem with that," he says.
    Woelfel has more than just a professional background in domestic disputes.
    Divorced with a stepdaughter, Woelfel

    the best parent for the child? Rosini
    admits some members of his profession
    will take on a case simply for the in-

    time he has available.

    come, regardless of
    to win the case.

    general practice attorneys

    their clients' ability

    most law-

    would

    The custody order

    tell his clii

    you

    sweat
    bullets, get angry, come back
    in chambers and vent afterward," Woelfel says. "Dealto

    ing with these issues

    is

    'He did not do one thing

    I

    became

    When

    asked him to do.

    I

    should

    have never lost,"

    part

    the court, a

    judge, after a few hours of testimony, is
    expected to render a decision that will
    serve the best interests of a child for the

    If the case goes to trial, the fee
    an additional $1,000 for each day in
    court. Since Angle's case was in court

    Beroes.
    is

    child custody case

    lawyer representing a party in a
    must deal with the

    two days, Beroes said her bill would
    have been more than $2,000, if she had
    not been working for free.
    Rosini says that when he takes on a
    domestic matter, he researches and in-

    same

    difficult questions. Is his client

    vestigates the case

    rest of his life. In

    most

    situations, the

    judge must play King Solomon and

    le-

    gally split the family.

    A

    Academic programs

    for

    in nearly

    100 areas of study

    17 graduate programs including
    the

    MBA,

    judge issues

    nursing,

    cation studies,

    is

    tem is considered successful.
    But in other cases, the involved parties drag out the
    issue for extended periods of

    While the custody battle
    between Angie and Roy took
    on some familiar patterns, one
    thing was noticeably different, Rosini points out.

    a judge."

    a custody matter

    comes before

    a

    init."

    time.

    I

    of what I've chosen to do

    when

    are very

    In these cases, the court sys-

    ents not to.
    "[It causes]

    who

    at

    often strictly followed by both parties.

    admits he acted as irrationally
    during his divorce proceedings as he

    and do as good a job as

    family law because they're
    terested in it and they keep up with

    yers charge about $350 for handling a
    regular child custody case, according to

    try

    can," Rosini says. "I think there are

    good

    In central Pennsylvania,

    have to

    "I
    I

    communi-

    — within the limited

    Al-

    though legal precedent was
    changed to end a presumption that children should be kept with
    their mother, Rosini says older judges
    still often subconsciously favor the
    mother.
    Another problem in this battle arose
    because Angie received free legal services from Beroes while Rosini says his
    client had to dig deep into his wallet
    every time Angie took him to court.

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    SPECTRUM

    .

    "When

    a person is getting a free

    child's interaction with both parents,

    alleging that children can be coached to

    overreacting.

    custody Angie sought would be

    better for Julie.

    tage because they can paper you to

    Rosini argues that a psychologist or
    counselor must observe more of the

    "They can file motion after motion that you are required
    to defend and you are put at a financial
    disadvantage as to what you can do."
    death." Rosini says.

    Woelfel agrees that is a
    problem, but not an insurmountable one. He says if a
    parent continues to file petitions for a custody modification without proving justification, those petitions won't
    get full consideration.

    literally is
    ties

    "My children

    say almost anything.

    yell

    "You tend to develop a fair
    emotional investment in

    your

    and

    clients

    to pre-

    It's

    vent frivolous motions and

    too.

    I

    sympa-

    woman whose
    away

    from her, and she is grabbing
    at every straw she can. But I
    don't think some of the things
    she's doing are helping. I

    your cases.

    in

    think she's grabbing at too

    do your

    pretty hard to

    many

    other abuses of the process.

    job well

    a

    to

    and kick,

    thize with a

    child has been taken

    He also

    Another roadblock

    have never been taken

    away from me," Rosini says.
    "I mightclaw and scream and

    points out that the legal sys-

    tem has mechanisms



    my witness
    and both parhave the right to cross-examine."
    Rosini says he understands why
    Angie has continued to keep the matter
    in the courts. But he also accuses her of

    split

    attorney, you're at a financial disadvan-

    if

    straws."

    Woelfel stresses coopera-

    you

    don't."

    tion as a big part of settling

    quick decision of Angie and

    custody matters without a

    Roy's battle was the intro-

    lengthy court battle.

    duction of an outside psychologist on Angle's behalf. Rosini says
    the Florida psychologist basically re-

    forms parents involved

    peated everything Angie had said in
    court. He complained that her expert

    testimony was based on short interviews
    with only Angie and Julie. With this
    information, the expert determined the

    "If

    her

    dad or

    own

    mom

    wants

    psychologist,

    I

    to hire his or

    can't stand in

    the way," Woelfel says. "If people can

    agree on one, that's frankly
    ence.

    my

    prefer-

    The benefit of one evaluator is
    becomes the court's

    that person then

    witness. That person

    neutral

    is



    he

    He

    in-

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    ^

    A BATTLE
    OF
    EXPERTS
    Most

    believe court-appointed

    therapists have all the answers

    but

    Parents teach their children that compromise

    is

    shows

    to teach chil-

    dren the concept of cooperation.

    that

    county psychologist was on vacation. Wiley

    chological evaluations.

    witness

    "This case has become a battle of ex-

    But what happens when adults find

    remarked

    Judge Walter

    is

    not a licenced psychologist; she works as

    a family therapist.
    "It's

    a

    is

    common

    going

    belief that an expert

    provide the court with

    to

    the correct answers," says

    James Dalton,

    Ph.D., a clinical psychologist. "It doesn't

    themselves unable to reach a compromise?

    perts,"

    Parents can mediate disagreements between

    Lipsett, referring to the importance of psy-

    always work this way, though.

    but when they disagree, there

    chological testimony in the custody battle.

    up

    their children,
    is

    visiting

    to

    A court is set

    be adversarial, with two sides fighting
    over what they think is right."

    often no one in their family

    to turn to for help.

    "It's

    Such is the irony of child

    Dalton says

    not uncommon for

    it's

    not un-

    usual for the two sides in a

    custody battle to bring in psy-

    custody battles.
    Parents find themselves

    agencies to stipulate the tasks

    chologists

    unable to agree on who should
    care for the children.

    when they

    way

    be significant. They
    must obtain an accurate picture of the child s
    home life, and one of the most common
    ways for judges to see this is through psy'

    ments. Television programs like "Sesame

    work

    doesn't always

    factors they believe to

    the key to solving disagree-

    Street" devote entire

    it

    And

    to

    find themselves at

    such an impasse, parents must
    look to courts for answers.

    Angle and Roy were in a
    similar situation after their

    who

    contradict

    each other. "Parents aren't
    going to let a psychologist, or

    be completed during an

    anyone else who might harm
    chances of obtaining

    their

    evaluation, not the length of time

    custody, testify in court," he
    says.

    the counselor should spend."

    "They are going to seek

    out people

    sixteen-year relationship

    who support their

    side."

    ended in 1987. The argument
    over which parent should have custody of
    the couple's two daughters, Denise, 15, and
    Julie, 10, has developed into a four-year

    Wiley conducted a famLipsett

    awarded custody of

    Julie to her fa-

    therin November 1990,and admittedly based

    ily

    evaluation, which enables counselors to

    observe interaction between families

    who

    on the testimony of Judith

    are involved in custody battles. Wiley's

    legal batde.

    Wiley, a family therapist and clinical direc-

    evaluation, conducted over two evenings,

    The judges who hear custody cases are
    forced to decide which parent would pro-

    tor

    of Northumberland County Counseling

    consisted of meeting with Angle, Roy,

    vide a better

    home

    for the child.

    However,

    judges can base their decisions on whatever

    his ruling largely

    Services.

    Denise, and Julie as a family and also indi-

    Wiley was recommended by Roy's attorney, James Rosini, because the regular

    vidually.

    She spent four hours interviewing

    the family.

    by Ellen Condron
    32

    SPECTRUM

    In her report to the court,

    Wiley ob-

    served, "Julie and Denise were

    laxed with their father,

    more

    re-

    more tense with their

    mother." She also stated Roy was more open
    with the daughters while Angle appeared

    more intense. Wiley also found the girls
    were "more free and open with their father,
    more cautious with their mother."

    According

    to

    Angie was not open
    because she
    sat with her legs and arms twisted and she
    appeared aloof. But Angie says, "I am double
    She concluded

    and responsive

    jointed and
    at

    work,

    it is

    automatic.

    I

    do

    it

    at dinner,

    at cocktail lounges, at the

    pool



    anywhere and everywhere. It is a habit."
    According to Jackson, unannounced visits to a family's home would provide the

    most accurate

    Sue Jackson, asso-

    that

    to her children

    portrait of the family situ-

    on the testimony of a therapist can vary
    greatly depending on the judge," says Jackson.

    "Some judges give

    Jackson believes past experiences with
    custody cases also play a part in deciding
    new cases."Most knowledge of child cus-

    comes
    tody
    through experience," she says.

    at

    Upon

    Bloomsburg Uni-

    Angie

    Leonard, Ph.D., a

    vices in Texas, there

    clinical psycholo-

    of

    gist specializing in

    time for a family

    family therapy.

    evaluation.

    common

    Angie says she

    not un-

    "It is

    needed

    for agen-

    tasks to be

    to find out

    how

    cies to stipulate the

    accurate

    Wiley's evaluation

    com-

    was. "She [Wiley]

    pleted during an
    evaluation, not the

    wiped up

    my moth-

    erhood of two children in 25 minutes

    length of time the

    counselor should

    of testing," Angie

    spend," says Jack-

    would have
    stopped if this
    was
    evaluation
    says. "I

    son.

    Some

    of the

    signs social workers

    negative."

    observe are how well

    Leonard does

    the family functions

    not deal with issues

    together and individually,
    ily

    Robin

    from

    dren and Youth Serset length

    solicited a

    second evaluation

    department of Chil-

    no

    her re-

    turn to Florida,

    and a former

    caseworker for the

    is

    values

    respect for social workers."

    ciology and social

    versity

    own

    and opinions with which they decide cases.
    Each case depends on the judge and his

    ciate professorof so-

    welfare

    the decision a lot of

    weight, and others have their

    of custody. Instead,

    how fam-

    she prefers to work

    members react to

    as what she terms a

    one another and how

    "people-changer."

    communicate

    they

    their feelings

    She encourages her

    both

    clients

    through words and

    to

    make

    positive changes in

    actions.

    their lives.

    Based on her

    "I

    evaluation of the

    Angie

    family, Wiley recommended Julie and

    changes
    would be

    Denise live during

    make the
    which
    best for

    her," says Leonard,

    the school year with
    their father,

    leaned on
    to

    who

    spend
    _,^^'"'

    every other holiday
    with their mother,

    its.

    ation, but ethics prohibit such vis-

    "Interviews are usually conducted

    in

    thinks Angie

    has been a victim of "situation stress." "Situations and factors in Angle's life have left

    her emotionally vulnerable."

    and spend a mini-

    the counselor's office because

    mum of one month a

    have privacy there," says Jackson. In this
    case, Wiley met with the family in a church
    office. Finding a neutral place sometimes

    Although both parents are fighting for
    what each thinks is in the best interest of the

    She recommended liberal visitation and
    telephone contact between both parents and

    helps, according to Jackson, "because nei-

    cause often has negative effects on the child.
    One place where these effects can be easily

    daughter has access

    with an upper hand."
    "The amount of weight a judge places

    year

    with

    their

    mother.

    their daughters "so each

    and

    permission to relate to both parents."

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    ther side feels like

    it's

    it is

    easier to

    starting the process

    child, the family strife a custody battle can

    measured
    their time

    is



    where children spend most of
    in school. Because children go
    33

    on a daily

    to school

    basis, school officials

    are often able to spot any changes in a child.

    Ned

    Sodrick, principal of

    Shamokin

    Elementary School, which Julie attends, says

    and counselors are seeing more
    instances of famiUes involved in child cus-

    "Sometimes parents come to us and
    want the other parent to be kept away from
    the child," says Sodrick, "But we can't do
    anything until

    tody battles as the divorce rate continues to

    "Some

    kids really struggle with the

    situation, others don't,"

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    According
    Angle, Julie

    went

    it

    in Julie's

    best interest

    and his respect

    not to miss
    school. She

    in the child."

    to

    Pleas.

    Rinehart

    the
    is

    of any changes

    (lAMS)



    he says. "But

    Julie's situation

    situ-

    ation,

    (Science Diet)

    (Bench

    can Island Elementary School in
    Sebastian, Fla., where Julie attended

    school becomes

    teacher


    see a court order."

    fourth-grade, sent a letter regarding

    rise.

    Large or Small

    we

    Celeste Rinehart, principal of Peli-

    that teachers

    for social workers."

    wrote, "Julie
    is

    a well ad-

    justed student

    to

    Sodrick and asked to talk about the custody battle, and he replied, "We don't

    and is performing within an average
    academic range. Because many new con-

    home situations at school." Howwho ap-

    cepts are introduced at the fourth grade

    ever, Sodrick says any child

    level,

    proaches him with a problem is referred
    to the school psychologist.
    Schools do not become involved in
    custody cases unless they are notified
    by the courts that one parent is being

    emotionally or academically, to have her absent from school for
    any non-medical reason."
    Mary Lou Austin, guidance counselor at Central

    Columbia Elementary

    denied access to the child.

    School, says

    standard school policy

    discuss

    I

    do not

    feel

    it

    is

    in her best

    interest, either

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    SPECTRUM

    s

    s

    that until a legal decision is made in a
    custody case, both parents have rights
    to the child. "We've never had a problem with parents trying to kidnap a
    child," she says.
    "Sometimes the stress of the situation

    home has the potential to affect the child'
    try to give as much
    support to the child as we can," says Austin.

    at

    Northumberland County

    In a letter to

    Court written on Feb. 13, 1991, Davies
    noted "When Julie returned after Christmas
    [from visiting Roy], she was not the same

    Her attention span was

    student.

    what

    academic success, so we

    is

    going to happen."

    Later

    in the letter,

    Davies

    certainty that

    tommorow

    the el-

    at

    "She wiped up

    ementary school
    level benefit most

    from one-on-one
    to

    my

    willbeliketo-

    day and not

    constantly

    motherhood of two

    attention as op-

    posed

    stated, "I see

    her as a fragile child that needs to have the

    She believes children

    shorter, her

    conversations often turned to the subject of

    group

    changing."

    children in twenty-five

    support.

    "Although it
    would be neat to
    form a support

    Laura
    Davis, guid-

    ance

    minutes of testing."

    coun-

    selor

    at

    Bloomsburg

    Middle

    group forchildren
    going through similar experiences, children

    School, says adolescent children whose par-

    between the ages of six and eleven are usually too 'me centered' to benefit from group

    ents have gone through a divorce

    support," says Austin.

    While a student at Pelican Island, Julie,
    and three other children her age whose parents are divorced, met once a week with

    Mary

    Ellen Davies, a prevention-interven-

    tion counselor.

    The

    seem to
    want to find others who have gone through
    the same thing.
    "Parents are so angry that they sometimes use their child as a weapon to hurt
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    SEARCHING
    FOR
    SOLUTIONS
    In an effort to speed up the
    process, parents often get

    trapped

    The

    door to the grocery store swings
    open and a man runs out screaming

    hysterically, "Help!

    He

    shot

    my boss!"

    Within minutes police arrive at the scene

    and the justice cycle begins.
    After an investigation,

    it

    ends with the

    The victim of

    the crime

    is

    finally at

    Child Protective Service (CPS) in the county

    admission of the act or acts of abuse by the
    perpetrator;

    Department of Public Welfare's regional
    office must conduct an investigation and

    is

    ports are destroyed within a year after they

    determine if the report is founded, indicated,

    are received."

    UNFOUNDED when the report

    not founded or indicated.Unfounded

    According

    or unfounded."

    Director Jane Kearney did not

    comment on whether

    or not the agency has

    received additional reports by Angle

    peace.

    a maze of agencies

    children and youth agency or staff in the

    CYS

    criminal being caught and sentenced.

    in

    ,

    nor

    to official

    CYS

    re-

    records ob-

    tained from Angle, the agency first

    became

    involved with her case on Oct. 11, 1990,

    when CYS

    But as Angle discovered, it's

    filed

    a report describing a sexual

    assault

    on Denise, Roy and

    not this easy to get quick results

    Angle's daughter, by a friend

    from agencies that deal with do-

    of Roy's. The actual date of

    mestic problems.

    Her search for solutions began more than a year ago and has
    put her in contact with numerous
    agencies, including Children and
    Youth Services (CYS), a division of Northumberland County

    Human

    ''We are a society

    the incident

    numbed to

    Roy's friend, then 45,

    is

    on the document as a
    babysitter to Denise, and is

    Big Deal'

    detailed in the report as to

    listed

    attitude."

    have "digitally penetrated
    child."

    CYS conducted

    According

    to the case

    status section of the report:

    interviews based on sexual abuse

    accusations which arose during the custody

    did she address the issue of responding within

    Angle has also claimed to have contacted CYS on several other occasions alleging abuse and says CYS did not contact her

    a given period to reports.

    within sufficient time after filing a report.

    FOUNDED when there is a judicial adjudi-

    However, according to the Pennsylvania De-

    cation that the child

    partment of Public Welfare's 1989 Child

    CATED

    Abuse Report, "within 30 days of the receipt

    substantial evidence of abuse based on medi-

    of a report of suspected child abuse, the

    cal evidence, the

    battle.

    recorded as

    violence with a 'No

    Services.

    In this case,

    is

    July, 1989.

    Also according

    to the

    Public Welfare, "a report

    when

    the

    is

    determined:

    was abused; INDI-

    CPS
    CPS

    Department of

    determines there

    is

    investigation or an

    "On October

    11,1990, Northumberland
    County Children and Youth Services received a

    CPS

    referral alleging sexual

    of a minor child. Child

    on several occasions and
    perpetrator 'was rubbing

    put his hand up
    in

    abuse

    was interviewed
    stated that the

    my

    legs and then

    my shorts and put his finger

    me.' Perpetrator was interviewed on Oc-

    tober 22, 1990, and denied the allegations.

    by Dan Trexler
    36

    SPECTRUM

    This case meets the criteria for sexual as-

    Another division of county services.

    involved sexual involvement

    Juvenile Court Services, does not directly

    to nine

    including the touching or exposing of the

    involve

    says Chervanik.

    sexual or other intimate parts of a person for

    custody matters except when a crime

    the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual

    mitted by the child.

    desire in either the perpetrator or subject

    with kids that break the law,

    sault in that

    it

    child. Therefore, this case is

    marked

    indi-

    cated."

    Roy, who "trusted him implicity," was

    it is

    is

    com-

    arc only involved
    in

    terms of

    somewhat

    and

    from police

    referrals a year, primarily

    departments, says Chervanik,

    Although no contact

    .

    different than Children

    be one to three years,"

    to

    Juvenile Court Services receives about

    550

    R Chcrvanik, super-

    "We do take children into custody, but

    months]

    case was
    vices,

    made with

    in this particular

    Juvenile Court Ser-

    Angle did deal with

    the

    Bloomsburg

    Women's Center. The Women's Center pro-

    Youth."

    me," he says. "I' ve known

    As far as any involvement with custody

    guy for over twenty some years."
    Kearney refuses to comment on any

    other than a criminal matter, Chervanik notes

    proceedings, counseling and advice, and

    from Juvenile Court Services

    talked to the children concerning their feel-

    hurtful situation to
    this

    "We

    custody," says Charles
    visor.

    shocked with the incident. "That was a really

    with cases involving child

    itself

    care [as opposed to the general length of six

    the organization deals with,

    specific case

    but notes that

    that officials

    may be asked

    recommenda-

    to testify, but a

    vided Angle a place

    to stay

    ings during the entire situation.

    CYS

    The Women's
    in Blooms-

    Center

    does not usually get

    burg

    involved with cus-

    "We

    tody matters.

    during the court

    is

    a nonprofit

    organization that

    don't normally deal

    was formed

    with custody cases.

    and incorporated

    It'snotourtask,"she

    January 1976.

    says.

    primary role

    in

    1974
    in

    Its

    is

    to

    In this particu-

    provide free sup-

    CYS

    took

    port services to vic-

    only 11 days to come

    tims of domestic

    lar case,

    based

    violence, sexual as-

    on talks with Denise.

    sault and incest.

    This 11 -day period

    The center was

    to a decision

    es-

    well within the re-

    tablished to serve

    quired amount of

    residents of Colum-

    time CYS designates

    bia,

    is

    for the investigation.

    Mon-tour,
    Northum-berland

    Tina Yasenchak,

    and lower Luzerne

    child protective ser-

    counties.

    The philoso-

    vices supervisor,

    was not permitted

    phy

    to

    of

    the

    about her involvement with the

    Women's Center

    com-

    viduals are equal

    talk

    case, but did

    is

    to

    live in a nonvio-

    lent

    family intact."

    by CYS it has
    been alleged that
    report

    lished by the center.

    Julie sustained a de-

    gree of mental abuse by Roy. In this report,

    1991, under Section

    II

    (Nature

    of Abuse/Neglect) the mental injuries are

    explained in that "referral stated that the
    child

    is

    afraid of alleged perpetrator because

    he had locked her in a cellar with spiders."

    The date of the incident is recorded as JulyAugust, 1990. Roy, responding to this allegation, says, "I was in my legal right in not
    letting Angle see her. I did that under the
    advice of my attorney. He told me to do
    that. Legally, I had the right to have her
    here." This report was labeled unfounded
    by CYS.

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    environment,

    according to a
    brochure pub-

    In yet another

    3,

    indi-

    one another and
    have the right to

    ment that the agency
    will generally "work
    to keep the current

    dated Jan.

    that all

    tion as to

    "would

    which parent

    will gain custody

    have

    be made case-by-

    really

    to

    The

    center, started in part by Mel-

    Dyas, executive director,

    issa

    the first agencies of

    case."

    After taking a child into custody, the

    agency has two options.

    It

    child to a detention center,

    may admit the
    or may request

    its

    is

    one of

    type to be founded

    and has been in Bloomsburg
    almost eighteen years.
    Although it is not a primary func-

    in the state

    for

    does get involved with

    the court to offer foster care, as the state of

    tion, the center

    Pennsylvania will no longer license Juvenile

    cases that deal with child custody mat-

    Court Services

    ters.

    If

    to offer foster care.

    a foster care program

    will usually last forsix to nine

    a hearing before a

    judge

    month

    if

    to

    determine

    required. "1

    is

    initiated

    it

    months, with

    will only get involved

    is

    parent or child," says Marianna Sokol,
    counseling coordinator. "The center can-

    foster

    not provide counseling based solely on

    after the sixth

    any future care

    would consider long term

    "Our center

    with a child custody case if there has
    been physical or sexual abuse to the

    emotional abuse because it is not covered under the Protection of Abuse Act
    and is subjective."
    In custody cases, the center provides victims with a knowledge of options that he or she may take, as well as
    offering counseling and support groups

    pose, but didn't feel comfortable doing

    advocate

    preserve the family," she notes, referring to Denise possibly assuming a moth-

    and accompanying those affected to trials and hearings.
    "We believe in enpowerment," says
    Sokol. "It is the job for the
    victim to do for him or her-

    and supporter for Julie as well as

    erly role during times of Angle's ab-

    Denise," she says.

    sence and Roy's illness.

    contacts with both the family and their

    In speaking with Denise, Magagna
    has observed a bit of vulnerability, noting that Denise is a victim of what she

    attorneys.

    has termed accommodation syndrome.

    so," says

    Magagna when speaking of her

    "In most cases

    my

    role

    child counselor; however,

    is

    "The child accommodates things

    solely as a

    my

    this particular case] is a child

    role [in

    Through her contacts with the two

    Magagna

    to

    further expressed concern

    of the mental state of the

    children, particularly
    Denise, as she is not diMagagna,
    rectly involved in the cusresidential
    children's counselor, also betody battle, thus choosing
    lieves strongly about matters
    to remain with her father.
    concerning custody and dois
    "The child [Denise] must
    mestic violence. "You have
    be educated," she says. "I
    to take a very, very careful
    am worried as to whether
    alternatives
    child."
    look when dealing with a dohe [Roy] is treating that."
    mestic violence case," she
    Angie has expressed
    says. "We are a society
    that she will continue to
    numbed to violence with a
    work with the Women's
    'No Big Deal' attitude becoming more children, Magagna was able to provide Center. "I will be affiliated with the
    and more apparent to me."
    insight to the personalities of each, notWomen's Center for the rest of my life,
    In dealing with this case, Magagna
    ing that Julie suffers from what she has
    whether as a speaker, or simply a volunmade several contacts with Denise and termed post-traumatic stress disorder. teer," she says, knowing full well that
    Julie, both parents' attorneys, and Angie
    "The child is one person here and an- her search for solutions is not over and
    while she resided at the center.
    other there," she says, referring to Julie's
    that no answers will be found by simply
    "In this case I served a dual puryelling "Help!" S
    relationship with both parents.

    much
    Diane

    self as

    as possible."

    "A

    center

    treatment

    one of the worst
    for a

    riyi A

    Public Service of the

    USDA

    <5ux' and your State Forester

    38

    Forest Service

    ONLY YOU CAN PREVENT FOREST

    FIRES.

    SPECTRUM

    The Very Best

    ^OlPENpf/Vc7
    "Where Customer Satisfaction
    Is Our Main Concern'

    ^hb
    q

    And

    LIBERTY
    CHEVROLET GEO CADILLAC
    -

    -

    BLOOIVISBLJFK3,
    "We're Easy To Deal With"

    F>A.

    CHANGING
    THE
    CHANNEL
    Except

    in the

    most

    extreme situations, the media
    avoids custody cases

    is

    a

    love to see the soap-opera battles in

    which couples struggle

    to

    win custody

    The media has responded with an
    array of courtroom programs and movies such as "Divorce Court," and Kramer
    vs Kramer. Through
    its

    of Hilary, with Foretich getting two

    ally a

    weekends a month visitation.
    According to Morgan, when Hilary
    would return from these visits, she would

    Morgan

    of their children.

    these, society can

    newsworthy item

    in them," he says. Usucustody case must involve sexual
    or physical abuse to be considered newsworthy.

    fascinated by what tranpublic
    The
    courtroom. People
    spires inside

    v Foretich, the landmark

    display unusual behavior for a three year

    case dealing with domestic disputes in

    old child. She would describe and act

    sexual molestation,

    is

    most publi-

    the

    cized child custody case to date.

    It

    has

    out
    her.

    how

    her father sexually molested

    Both parents are now fighting for
    sole custody of the

    form

    own impressions

    The media in
    case, as in most

    "When a journalist gets involved

    what custody battles

    But because of

    in

    an issue such as

    this,

    he [must] cover

    closed court records

    and court hearings, the
    media rarely, if ever,
    gets to cover a "real"
    custody case.
    Rather than deal
    tional

    this

    re-

    ported custody battles,

    are like.

    directly with the

    who is in hiding.

    child,

    of

    it

    fully. It's

    seem

    to focus on extraneous elements.

    obviously wrong to cover

    "Nobody who talks
    to

    one side and drop
    journalism

    emo-

    it.

    That's not

    is all

    what

    us

    ing,"

    Morgan

    porter.

    about."

    would know

    which one of us

    is ly-

    told a re-

    Nevertheless,

    there continues to be a

    flood of coverage on

    trauma of the
    media tend

    parents, the

    this case.

    push aside such cases, unless there is
    something spectacular about them.
    "These types of stories do not deal
    with the average person," says Jim
    Boylan, Ph. D, professor of journalism
    at the University of Massachusetts.
    "The media tends to shy away from
    to

    run up over $2.5 million in legal fees

    these types of issues unless there

    and produced over 4,000 pages of court
    transcripts. Eric Foretich was accused
    of sexually molesting his daughter,
    Hilary, who was born one week after
    Foretich and Elizabeth Morgan ended
    their short and rocky marriage.
    Morgan was awarded sole custody

    is

    a

    Meanwhile, Morgan, who
    contempt charge, has sold the

    is in jail

    on a

    rights to her

    story to a television network for $250,000 to

    make

    a

    movie about her

    "We

    life.

    as journalists have an obliga-

    tion to consider our motives," says
    Ralph Izard, Ph. D, director of the school
    of journalism at Ohio University.

    by Matt Malinowski
    40

    SPECTRUM

    "Is the

    coverage for the public ben-

    a particular issue or

    efit? If so,

    then the subject matter must

    lar case.

    expand

    be handled with sensitivity," he says.

    vidual,

    Although it seems that the media
    cover only custody cases involving
    newsworthy elements. Spectrum's case

    public can learn from

    study

    1

    tries to

    it

    There arc more questions that need
    answering, though. Even if Sylvester

    the issue so the

    This

    it.

    typical

    is

    claims this story was just used as an
    "example," journalistic ethics implies

    many newspapers. And Roy's

    issue at

    case wasn't an exception.

    Shamokin News-Item and

    that verification

    "Our objective was not

    a letter to the editor of

    show

    to

    name,"

    his

    he says.

    of the of reporting done on this type of

    different.

    is

    Roy wrote

    how could have misspelled

    someone's particu-

    Instead of focusing on the indi-

    According

    all

    necessary.

    is

    Society of Profes-

    to the

    Code of

    the

    aspects of his particular case, or whether

    sional Journalists

    Sunbury Daily Item, saying he felt "betrayed" after he lost custody of his 9-

    one side was right or wrong," says
    Sylvester. "His case was used as an example to show his frustration with the

    news media should not communicate

    court system.

    chance

    the

    year-old daughter.
    The.

    News-Item published the

    and the Daily Item used

    The

    a story.

    by

    the Daily Item,

    tody hearing.
    story discussed

    how people tend

    to say
    irrelevant things in
    court. But, Sylvester

    quoted Roy claiming
    that he and his daughter
    were not given adequate
    opportunity to state
    their opinions during
    the master hearing.

    The mother,

    master weren't interviewed for verification
    or response to the accusations.

    in the

    name was
    his

    from

    letter

    to reply."

    Sylvester claims he did try

    this indi-

    age was

    before the Court of

    went

    I

    given

    Common
    my

    the mother's

    much

    area, but

    of myself to this

    feel betrayed.

    I

    Pleas concerning custody of

    My attorney

    nine-year-old daughter. She

    could have been done

    asked

    me

    if

    she could stay in our

    area with her sister and

    me

    for the story he
    that

    all

    could not reach the
    mother because she lived
    in Florida, and I don't re-

    believe before

    I

    reasons that would be disclosed

    someone can make a recom-

    in court.

    mendation

    all

    call if

    the information

    should be presented and taken

    I

    came time
    for me to speak, it was cut short
    and the hearing was ended.
    when

    requested,

    Shocked
    to either

    into consideration.

    it

    What really
    way many
    men,

    was made.
    for the mental

    health or for the safety of this

    people,

    women and

    said they would.

    do what
    me.

    Concern

    me is

    things turned out exactly the

    no one had talked
    of my daughters and I
    that

    made me

    decision

    bothers

    It

    feel guilty of trying to

    my

    daughter asked of

    In the report,

    it

    sounded as

    committed a criminal

    if I

    taken out of state and, according

    nine-year-old about the court

    to the

    lose

    recommendation,

    some of the

    rights

    I

    The

    A

    I've lived in this area

    and

    feel

    had

    shattered and

    ously had.

    life

    I

    it is

    all

    my

    a good and safe

    place to raise children.

    I

    daddy

    my

    lied.

    prejudiced father

    P.S.: Prejudice?

    A judgment or

    opinion formed before hand or

    Sylvester did quote

    torneys involved

    owes

    That's not what journalism

    is

    all

    involved in a dispute that was under litigation," he says, " we decided to run an overall
    story on

    custody

    about."

    Sylvester claims the story didn't

    have much to do with Roy himself, but
    rather used Roy's situation as an example to broaden the whole picture of
    child custody.

    According

    to Sylvester, the

    Item occasionally receives letters

    WINTER

    vidual and his story, and rather than get

    1991-1992

    Daily
    about

    what

    it's like

    in court

    for

    all

    people to see

    and what people can expect

    when they go to court."
    However, Sylvester had

    at-

    other

    in

    custody cases, but "did not
    recall" if he contacted

    James Rosini, Roy's

    attor-

    ney.

    When

    it

    was

    over,

    all

    Sylvester believed this
    case dabbled into areas
    dangerous for the media,
    and cases of this nature
    must be approached with
    caution.
    "It

    ful

    Aug. 25, 1990, Shamokin, Pa. News-Item

    to

    in

    court."

    things

    a journalist

    just used

    he [Roy] came across

    without due examination.

    have

    We

    example of what

    act.

    instilled in

    asking for the truth was

    would

    previ-

    I

    faith

    as an

    almost

    seemed of little or no
    concern. She was allowed to be

    himself and to his readers to cover
    it fully," says Izard. "It is obviously
    wrong to cover one side and then drop
    it.

    tried to track her

    entire case.
    it

    not being allowed to finish, a

    gets involved in an is-

    it

    I

    down," says Sylvester.
    "But as
    said before, we
    weren't trying to show this
    I

    At the hearing, which

    in the article.

    sue such as this, he

    was doing.

    "1

    at the

    time and there has been an
    appeal.

    for

    did

    comments

    weren't entirely necessary

    sexual or physical abuse

    "When

    make

    Sylvester believes

    Still,

    Shamokin: Recently

    mis-

    wrong, and his visitation
    rights were mixed up with
    the mother's. Moreover,
    there was no mention of

    to

    was unsuccessful.

    but

    Betrayed

    child

    says there

    were inaccuracies
    spelled,

    received a

    contact with the mother,

    the

    lawyers and the special

    story: his

    "We

    re-

    peared twelve days before Roy's Nov. 2 cus-

    Even Roy

    letter,

    as a base for

    unofficial charges affecting the moral

    character without giving the accused a

    article in

    porter Joe Sylvester, ap-

    The

    it

    Ethics, "the

    was one of those

    we had

    to

    be care-

    with because

    if

    we

    printed everything he
    [Roy] told us about the
    mother, she probably would have sued
    us for libel," says Sylvester.

    While

    this is true, if the story

    covered more than one side,
    sible that other issues

    it

    is

    would have

    had
    possur-

    faced.
    little to

    say

    about the inaccuracies in the story. He
    claims he personally saw the copy of the
    letter Roy sent, and he even believes he
    had one of Roy's business cards.
    "If I had his card, I have no idea

    "From my

    recollection,

    I

    case was just about a father

    think this

    who was

    frustrated with his wife trying to get

    custody of the kids," says Sylvester. " I
    don't think there was any type of abuse
    or anything like that." S
    41

    The Break-up of a Family
    July



    1971 Angle meets Roy. Two weeks later,
    Angle moves Into the trailer that Roy shares

    2,

    Northumberland County Court
    9, 1987
    awards physical custody of Julie to Angle,
    and Denise to Roy in an addition to the
    Protection from Abuse Order. Angle is still

    with a friend.

    October 1971

    — Angle dlscoveres that Roy
    Mary and

    ried to

    Is



    October

    mar-

    Women's

    at the

    has two children.

    her to attorney

    August

    11,

    1973

    — Roy

    Jr. is



    with her father.

    October 21, 1987

    — Angle

    and Julie stay with
    Vermont, while
    she looks for an apartment and a job in New
    Hampshire.
    Angle's aunt

    to take her back.



    Angle and Roy move into an apartment
    because of Angle's pregnancy.

    December

    1987

    4,

    in Chester,

    — Angle and Julie move into an

    apartment in Claremont,

    March

    31, 1976

    — Angle

    refers

    Angle and Julie leave for New
    19, 1987
    Hampshire. Denise stays in Pennsylvania

    October



    Fall 1975

    Women's Center
    Thomas E. Lelpold.

    born to Roy and Mary.

    Late July or early August 1975 Roy leaves to
    help his daughter, Rhonda. Angle leaves
    the trailer to move in with her mother in
    New Hampshire. One and a half months
    later she discovers she is pregnant and
    begs Roy

    Center. Since Mackie has

    full caseload, the

    She

    gives birth to her first

    work

    starts

    New

    Hampshire.

    at a rehabilitation center.

    child, Denise.

    December
    February 1978
    to live

    1987

    17,

    — Angle leaves Roy and takes Denise
    with her mother in

    New Hampshire.

    February 1989

    — Roy and Mary are divorced.

    — Denise leaves suicide message on

    her mother's answering machine.

    April 1978

    — Angle returns

    to

    Pennsylvania with

    her sister and Denise to pick up the remain-

    April 1989

    She ends up returning to Roy. Upon returning. Angle starts
    der of their belongings.

    House of Wicker home party
    July 16, 1981

    — Angle

    — Angle leaves rehabilitation center and

    starts
    ill

    work

    — Angle

    is

    engaged

    — Denise

    is

    allegedly molested by Roy's

    June 1989
    July 1989



    1982 Angle enrolls as a student at
    Bloomsburg University. She withdraws
    the beginning of her third semester.



    1987 Angle leaves Roy for final
    She files an Intake form with the
    Bloomsburg Women's Center where she
    confers with attorney Peter Mackie.
    1,

    to Jim.

    gives birth to her second

    friend.

    September

    group home with mentally

    plan.

    daughter, Julie.

    May

    in a

    clients.

    (Children and Youth later labels

    this Incident "Indicated.")

    — Angle breaks engagement with Jim.
    1990 — Angle and Julie arrive
    Florida

    January 1990

    May

    4,

    in

    live with

    time.

    June

    26, 1990



    to

    Angle's mother.
    Julie leaves to visit Roy.

    Angle

    prepared by Judy Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum
    42

    SPECTRUM

    expects her return on July 13. Shedoesnot

    January

    return on schedule.

    August

    3,

    — Angle

    submits request for

    Roy

    to

    in-

    Children and Youth

    for emotional abuse. Allegation determined

    — Roy
    1990 — Angle

    July 24, 1990

    1991

    3,

    vestigation of

    custody of

    files for

    unfounded.

    Julie.

    receives custody papers

    January

    from Roy.

    25, 1991

    — Attorney Elizabeth Heroes

    re-

    ceives Angle's case as a pro bono appoint-

    ment from Susquehanna Legal Services.

    August

    6,

    1990

    — Angle returns

    search for Julie.
    Julie

    Pennsylvania to
    She discovers later that

    was staying

    at

    to

    January

    Roy's stepbrother's

    30, 1991

    house.

    says
    said

    August

    August

    10,

    16,

    — Angle
    custody of Denise.
    1990 — Special master hearing presided

    1990

    August 27, 1990



    ^Julie

    and Angle return

    to Florida.

    Roy and his attorney, James
    Roy could not pick up Julie on

    for

    Rosini,
    time, so

    agreed to push back the return date.

    they

    files for

    by Harry Klein, who says Denise will stay
    with Roy and Julie with Angle.

    — Angie's contempt hearing

    not returning Julie on time. In defense, she

    Julie returns to

    Roy.



    February

    Telephone conference was held
    4, 1991
    between Angle and Roy.

    February

    6,

    1991

    — Angle

    files a

    motion for modi-

    fication of Julie's custody.

    October

    11,

    1990— Children

    and Youth notified of

    Denise's molestation by Roy's friend. Al-

    February 28, 1991
    is

    October 21, 1990

    —The Sunbury Daily Item

    an article regarding

    Roy

    '

    s

    — Rosini

    asks court to deny

    Angie's modification hearing because she

    legations determined indicated.

    runs

    also filing for an appeal. Angle drops her

    appeal.

    complaints about

    April

    the special master hearing.

    — Roy's

    1991

    2,

    contempt hearing

    for not

    abiding by a court order allowing Angle

    October 30, 1990

    — Family

    therapist Judy

    Wiley

    liberal

    November

    2,

    1990

    — Common Pleas Judge

    of both girls awarded to Roy. Angle

    in the

    summer

    a

    minimum

    are

    Julie can call her anytime.

    awarded

    April 19, 1991

    He

    of

    is

    — Roy

    May

    — Judge

    1991

    9,

    modification
    11,

    1990

    — Angle notified

    that Children

    and Youth has filed a report of sexual
    molestation of Denise by Roy's stepfather
    years earlier. Children and Youth determines these allegations unfounded.

    December

    19,

    1990

    — Angle

    files a notice

    of appeal

    with the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    files for

    awarded $50

    a

    support from Angle.

    week.

    to

    Angle.

    December

    a result. Angle can
    on Wednesdays be-

    is to

    return Julie by Dec. 30. Liberal phone calls

    and visitations including

    As

    calls.

    see Julie

    tween 4 and 8 p.m. and every other weekend. She is allowed two phone calls a day;

    Lipsitt

    presides at custody hearing. Full custody

    one month

    phone

    now only

    evaluates family.

    month more

    Summer

    1991

    Samuel Ranck presides at
    which Angle gets one

    trial in

    visitation.

    — Angle wants Julie

    to visit her in

    Florida, in accordance with the dictates of
    the court order. Angle claims Julie couldn't

    come without Denise and Denise wouldn't
    come without a friend. No visitation occurs. S
    43

    B^Ui Fiiate^m^es:
    t

    Work For ibu

    Bdta Sigma D|lta IBEA
    \Supportink the American Caf^er Society

    and me Leukemia Founahdon
    GamilaEpsilon Omicron rED^^"^
    Supporting the American Cancer Society

    Phi Sigma Xi
    Sfipporting the

    OE5

    Ronald McDonald House

    akd Big Brotfih'-LittTh^Brother\

    Sigma Iota Omega I lAil
    Sujjportim the Danny nppletoh Medical Fund
    I^trldppa Epslloi/ TK^

    !

    Supporting the Special Olympics

    ThetaXhi

    eX

    Red Cross
    and Ronald McDonald House

    Supporting the American

    Pi

    Kappa Phi

    HKO

    Supporting P.U.S.H/and S.HA.R.E.

    Blooidsburg
    University
    Interfraternity Council

    FACE
    (continued from page 46)

    Noon

    says custody and divorce

    cases are separate entities. Custody cases
    are geared to

    what

    is

    best for the child,

    while divorce cases arc supposed to deal
    primarily with what is fair and equitable
    for both parties.

    Gould also points out

    that

    many

    sexual and physical abuse allegations
    are simply untrue; they are tools used in

    court to keep fathers

    away from

    their

    children.

    "We believe in good laws, we want
    good sexual abuse laws, good protection from abuse, but right now its a

    nancies, and 65 percent of high school
    dropouts are children from maternal
    homes. These statistics also suggest children involved in a joint custody arrangement adapt better socially and psychologically to divorce.
    In an attempt to help fathers deal
    with thesecrises, as well as with the loss
    of seeing their child, FACE offers coun-

    much of which comes from
    Gould. "I'm not a counselor, but I try
    awful hard," he says. The organization
    offers counseling through a life-enrichment program, and also utilizes the serseling,

    vices of a professional counselor,

    Gould says

    whom

    torney," he says, adding,

    yer that

    we

    Gould says

    offers a lot of input.

    tant

    owned

    laws,

    a

    Gould,
    most child abuse comes from
    new boyfriends that mothers
    to

    become involved with

    after

    and he admits
    being harassed himself.

    their divorce,
    to

    In

    good protection from

    now it's

    abuse, but right

    organization's

    the social problems and

    young people today ochomes with only a maternal par-

    ent.

    For example, the study reveals 70
    all

    juvenile suicide attempts

    or deaths, 70 percent of teenage preg-

    WINTER

    1991-1992

    it

    can

    is

    also

    to get better

    members sentaresolution

    a

    bill

    to Harrisburg, attempting to

    fact that they're

    the domestic relations system,

    from custody

    "We

    to

    support

    don't really have

    good judicial review board
    and I think we need this bill,"
    says Gould. "It will show the
    injustices that are happena

    dad away from the kids

    crises affecting

    percent of

    house and provided

    which handles everything

    newsletter. These statistics suggested

    cur in

    a

    legislation passed in state
    government. Recently, FACE

    being used as tools to keep

    "Everytime I think of you I
    slap your son."
    "What can you do," says Gould.
    "You can't arrest him because you can't
    prove it, yet these sort of things are
    happening."
    A list of statistics gathered by the
    U.S. Department of Justice, the National
    Center for Child Abuse and Neglect, the
    U.S. Department of Education, and the
    National Center for Health Statistics was
    published in the November 1990 issue

    many of

    joint

    gel a task force to investigate

    proven

    and out of the house."

    ing."

    boyfriend called and told him,

    that

    many

    in

    Along with providing

    saying his ex-wife's

    FACE — the

    an impor-

    legal advice, the group

    one instance, Gould

    of About

    is

    determining

    more secure environment

    doing what

    says a father called him in
    tears,

    for

    for the child.

    7,951 were substantiated.

    According

    stability

    factor in

    custody, and

    Welfare's office of Children

    that,

    get a law-

    good job

    custody cases the father

    "We believe in good laws,
    we want good sexual abuse

    Of

    "We
    a

    and possibly take a down payment, as well as monthly payments."
    Custody results have been favorable for the group's members. Recently,
    a member gained full custody and two
    others were awarded joint custody. The
    organization also has two more members involved in pending custody cases.
    Gould claims that in one particular case the mother was married four
    times and had moved eight times, proving there was no stability for the childas
    long as he remained with the mother.

    However, nearly onethird of all child abuse accusations are confirmed. According to the Pennsylvania
    Department
    of
    Public

    received in 1990.

    do

    the client

    proven fact that they're being used as tools to keep dad
    away from the kids and out of
    the house," he says.

    Youth and Families, 24,357
    reports of child abuse were

    feel will

    The group meets once a month,
    members the opportunity to learn
    of new developments, air any problems
    giving
    they

    may be

    dealing with, or possibly

    counsel a fellow

    member through

    a cur-

    According to Gould, a
    major portion of the membership dues
    which covers expenses such
    as stamps, stationary, and the newsletter
    is going toward hiring a lobbyist
    to speak for FACE in Harrisburg. And,
    although Gould believes this is an im-





    rent crisis.

    portant objective, he doesn't see this

    Although it is a membership
    group, FACE welcomes the public to

    happening for quite some time.

    and invites people
    comment on the group. According
    Gould, a typical meeting can last up

    to

    is

    to

    however, Gould and his members believe their main priority is to be there

    their meetings,

    to

    first step

    when

    a father con-

    group is to calm him and focus
    on getting him visitation with his child.
    This is done by referring him to an attorney, although Gould admits FACE is
    tacts the

    selective

    when

    it

    comes

    to legal repre-

    "It's

    important for fathers

    to

    know

    they're going to have to join an organi-

    zation to get what they want



    access to
    says Gould, noting,
    "You're not going to be able to do it on
    their children,"

    your own, you're only going

    to get frus-

    trated.

    sentation,

    "We

    better legislation

    for a father in need.

    four hours.

    The

    The passing of

    an important priority for the group,

    don't just deal with any

    at-

    —JANEMEHLBAUM
    45



    Back Of Tlie Book
    FACEing FACTS
    Local support group wants courts
    "Daddies are parents,

    Kramer

    Kramer,

    to

    remember,

    too''

    the 1979 film,
    Ina father
    fought to keep custody of his

    support group that deals with the issues
    of divorce, support, and custody, and

    young son.
    Twelve years

    how

    they affect fathers and their chil-

    "The perception of fathers is that they

    dren.

    "We work together to try and make

    have no feelings," says Gould. "Even judges

    vs.

    later, a father sits in

    make

    the system a lot fairer

    an attorney's office, strategically planning a case to gain him joint custody of

    better laws,

    his child.

    toward fathers and their children," says
    Gould, noting, "We feel there's a great
    bias in the family court system right
    now."
    Gould became affiliated with
    FACE through his own child custody
    battles. He now has shared custody of
    his five-year old daughter, whom he
    sees every weekend. He also admits he

    Although the two scenarios are
    alike, there is a difference.

    The

    latter is

    not the plot of a box-office smash;

    it's

    and today, more and more fathers are able to gain joint custody
    and many times full custody through
    the help of an organization called FACE
    (Fathers' and Children's Equality).
    Founded in 1978

    real life,



    than what

    it

    is,

    a lot

    more equitable

    don't lose that tender years doctrine, which

    went out many years ago."

    Gould believes fathers are being
    deprived their right to see their children, and that lawyers make deals with
    the fathers using the children as bait.
    "I have a letter from an attorney
    to one of our members saying, 'When
    you give mom everything she wants in
    property division, we'll start letting you
    see your child.' This is signed by an
    adding, "They can't
    get out of it and say
    they don't make deals

    ganization
    has
    branched into several
    chapters across the

    that. They do
    make deals, and its ab-

    like

    including a local

    chapter headed by

    gain an additional day with her.

    attorney," says Gould,

    in Philadelphia, the or-

    state,

    will be spending time in court trying to

    Bob

    solutely crazy."

    Gould, Hazleton. Gould
    chapter which includes

    David Noon, an
    attorney
    from
    Ashland, disagrees.

    Luzerne, Carbon, and

    "Any

    Columbia counties.
    In
    existence
    since April 1991, Gould

    this

    serves as president of a

    father accepting
    kind of deal is not
    receiving effective

    representation from
    his attorney," he says.

    believes his chapter has

    accomplished much for
    fathers

    "We're

    in

    just establish-

    ing ourselves right

    and

    According
    Noon,

    the area.

    visitation

    now

    to

    the issues of

    and divorce

    are separate, and to

    takes a long time

    mix them together

    just to get together,"

    would be inappropri-

    says Gould, adding, "I

    is no court
    mix the two,"
    says Noon, pointing
    out, "They are not re-

    feel

    it

    great because

    ate.

    think we've done a lot
    in the past

    few months."

    FACE
    thers'

    46

    is

    a

    fa-

    advocacy and

    "There

    that will

    I

    FACE'S logo, which appears on the

    group'

    monthly newsletter, About FACE

    lated."

    (continued on page 45)

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