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vTackling a Tough Prob
117 West Main Street
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
Maria
& Russell Lewis
717-387-1332
We welcome you to join us at Russell's for fine
dining and a relaxing atmosphere. From our dining
room to our bar you'll find many delightful experiences.
Please do visit us.
1
(gc^toou^
The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties
Sprinfi-Suinmer 1991 Vol. 5, No.
Ail-American Magazine, Associated Collcgiaic Press
Medalist Award, Columbia Scholaslic Press Association
First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists
FEATURES
Living In The Danger Zone by Michelle Epstein
Some former
Centralia residents are forced to
move
6
again
Paqc 14
Fighting
Bloom High
A
Losing Battle by Matt Malinowski
athletics proposal receives little
10
response
The ABC's Of Home School by Judy Kosman
For many parents, education is a family matter
A Bundle Of Options by Kami Silk
Midwives provide a traditional alternative to hospital
14
births
Traveling Through Time by Dan Trexler
Knoebels Amusement Resort provides generations of family fun
18
22
Page 18
Into
The
The Wild Bloom Yonder by Jane Mehlbaum
sky's the limit for
Nutrition
New
26
Columbia Aircraft Services
Roundup: Buffalo by Renee Farrell
food craze
is
30
lassoed by health conscious people
A Time To S.H.A.R.E. by Jennifer Stefanick
College students teach local children valuable lessons about
life
Beyond Blue Ribbons by Jennifer Moon
32
A lifetime of experience with the county's young riders
36
In The Passing Lane by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen
Fleetwood IndusU-ies leaves many of its competitors in the dust
38
DEPARTMENTS
ABOUT THE COVER:
Behind the Lines
Sherry Karpinski, a
4
Knoebels employee,
paints a horse for The
Grand Carousel during the resort's offseason.
V^ Photo by Marlin Wagner^
— Health Risk Bloomsburg by Linda Moisey
Back of the Book —The Art of Learning by Jane Mehlbaum
The Cutting Edge
in
5
42
LIVING
IN
THE
u
some former Centralia
forced to move again
After relocating once,
residents are
by Michelle Epstein
To remember
remember
the families and the
are perched on the hillside along Route 61 in
Columbia County. The lawns are landscaped, the insides decorated. The owners planned to live in them and pass on the equity to
businesses that were affected by the mine fire that's been burning
their children.
until July
However, some of the houses have boarded windows instead of
lacy curtains. One house has a broken swing laying in the dirt, rotung
the Ccnu-aUa
into the earth. There's a stillness that surpasses the quiet beauty of this
mately 195 acres burning beneath the ground.
Beautiful homes
mountain region.
It's
a scene out of an eerie late night horror movie.
Linda Wallace's husband and
brother built their house, believing
"I feared for
American dream of owning
and improving one's home. But the
improvements didn't last long because they didn't build their home on
in the
children
ofCentralia.
fell
left
behind
mine fire, the ceaseless struggles with bureaucracy,
and the pain of up-rooting
Now,
my two young
the
mine fire was the presence
of hazardous combustion
gases, in addition to carbon
to play only
monoxide and carbon
she will have to
fell
move
through a hole
again.
in the
ground."
diox-
ide.
like
families, did not want to
many
move
from the area where they
grew up, so they asked The
Department of Environmental Resources (DER) and U.S. Office of
Surface Mining (OSM) repeatedly whether or not the area on Route
,
my two young children, who used to play only
blocks from where a young boy
says.
.
61 Locust Mt., was safe and far enough away from the
their family.
and the nightmare had begun again.
In 1984, when Linda Wallace's family first relocated from Centralia, she remembers the relief that came from leaving the danger
Instead, the su-ugglc
behind. "I feared for
to
far
town seven years ago. They thought they
the horrors of the
wasn't
Another report from the U.S Department of the Interior stated that
the major problem caused by
through a hole
And the Wallaces aren't
It
1983 that an Engineering Analysis report (GAI report)
Committee on Human Development shook the town. It
would cost an estimated $660 million to rid the town of approxi-
who used
any family. They relocated from
the coal mining
under the borough and the surrounding area since 1962.
The Wallaces,
They built their home justoutside
just
to
is
blocks from where a young boy
any highway.
just
Centralia
in the
ground," she
fire.
DER and
OSM would not give the Wallaces an answer. They would only admit
that "could be" a potential danger zone. Still, DER and OSM did not
it
tell
them they couldn't move
ing
is
that they
could have
to the area.
let
"The thing that is so frustrat-
us know," says Linda Wallace.
Six months after the Wallaces and others built their
DER extended the impact zone to include Route 61
.
new homes,
State legislation
Spectrum
now
forbids rclocalion funding for
occupying a property
after
anyone owning or
September
TheclinchercamconJuly
1983.
3,
15, 1985,
when Nicholas
DeBencdictis, Secretary of the Department of Envi-
ronmental Resources, wrote a
memo
The Depart-
to
ment of Community Affairs and to the Disaster Program Division. The memo stated tliat because of the
findings in the GAI report, the funds available from
OSM — the remainder of the $42 million allocated for
relocation
—could not be used
for relocation purposes
PENNSYLVANIA'S
HOMETOWN PARK
Good Old-Fashioned Family Fun.
"Whai me memo
aia was
A good sign
create an economic
of good times
disaster for every family
located on Route 61."
Fun!
in
an area where people had knowingly built in a
potential
"What the memo did was create an economic
ter for
Soar on the Phoenix
-
rated one of America's
danger zone.
disas-
every family located on Route 61," says Klink.
10 best roller coasters. Relax
on the Pioneer Train
ride,
Immediately, twenty-six properties, sixteen of which
were
built before
September 1983,
lost
much
of their
value and the local lending institutions were in a panic,
says Klink.
Fantasy!
Linda Wallace and her brother-in-law, Tom Wallace who lives next door, started to make phone calls in
order to relocate from the area that was
Step back
Rainbow
an economic disaster. "We've been fighting this for six
years," says
Linda Wallace.
the animated Hard
Luck Bears or
owns because he intended
sible to
And you
your
Flume or
bels 500-site
the beautiful
in
Crystal Pool.
did,
residents
however, win the buy-out of his house; the
who had
erties.
would
built after
set a
September
precedent for
all
3,
of us.
Affairs,
re-
Food!
Savor the sweets, test the
award-winning pizza or
Not knowing where to turn, Linda Wallace sought
the recommendation of Klink. Although he has a con-
down
recommended
outspoken
in his beliefs.
He
the families form a group and take their
plight to U.S. Rep. Paul Kanjorski. Linda
government
—but nothing was
done.
It
wasn't until October 1990 that Kanjorski was able
to get a bill
passed through Congress that would
in-
clude the remaining ten properties in the acquisition
of Route 61. According to Michael Carroll, district
Spring-Summer 1991
at the
to a delicious
sit
dinner
Alamo Restaurant.
Knoebels
is
famous
for
its
taste treats!
Wallace has
a file, inches thick, of exchanges between the group and
the state and federal
campground.
There are
versed the decision of the hearing officer.
is
Knoe-
1983, be-
But the residents' happiness was short-lived.
with the state, Klink
short. Visit
of their prop-
Karen Miller, Secretary of Community
tract
visit
over 35 rides for the kid in
all
lieved this
if
don't have to cut
cool off on the Giant
acreage.
He
the
...
you dare!
to build a
would have been almost imposcreate a sewer system along the mountainous
it
visit
Haunted Mansion
administrative hearing. Lynott lost his case for a buy-
development, and
Story-
time Castle, cheer
Another resident, Tom Lynott, who owns much of
the mountain and a house, took the matter to a state
out of the land he
in
time at the
now considered
America's
Lai^est Free Admission Amusement Park
Rt 487, PO Box 317, Elysburg, Pa
(717) 672-2572
Campground Phone No.
(717)672-9555
^
.
director, Kanjorski is
trying to get additional relocation funds
still
for twenty-nine families wfio
Over 200 years
of growth
were relocated
in
1980-1981 from
Centralia.
Those twenty-nine properties were given twenty percent less than
market value because it was deemed their properties were on top
of a mine fire and therefore constituted a twenty percent depreciation.
fair
"The reason we are having difficulty getting this issue resolved is that
the appropriations committee does not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs," says Carrol.
A
proud past
A
In order for the remaining ten families to receive the relocation
.
.
.
money on Route 61
There
bright future
it
was not enough
for the bill to
be approved.
the matter of red tape. Reports have to be submitted to
is still
DER, DCA, and
finally to
Redevelopment before the
acquisitions
can begin. "The money's there," says Linda Wallace. According
Klink, there
•
Excellent schools
•
Diversified industry
•
Modem
•
Planning and zoning
•
Central business district
"We're
is
waiting," says Linda Wallace, laughing slighOy, an
still
edge of sarcasm
in
her voice. "If DeBenedictis had done his job, none
of this would have happened.
Had this area not been deemed a danger
zone, our properties would not have been affected.
waste treatment plant
to
about $9 million still available for relocation purposes.
evidence that the
fire will
No one has shown
spread this way."
However, Carroll says, it was better for DER to admit they had
made a mistake in allowing families to move to Route 6 1 now, instead
of waiting for the fire to actually move beneath Route 61. Linda
Wallace pauses to look around her home "When we move away
—
from here,
revitalization
it
will break
Robert Netchel
•
Neighborhood recreation areas
•
Ber- Vaughn Park
is
my
husband's heart."
one of only a couple of residents who is not
I see evidence of a mine fire specifi-
interested in relocating. "Until
cally approaching
my housel feel obligated to stay," says Netchel. He
is not concerned with equity. "We' veput our love
and sweat into building our home," says Netchel, "There's not
has no children and
Borough Officers
Mayor Lou Biacchi
:
Councilmen:
Frank Buffone, pres.
Andrew Soback, v.p.
Walter Hause
Scot Kaufman
Lamon
Bob Reap
Dave Walton
Bill
"The reason we are having
difficulty getting this
issue resolved
is
because the
appropriations committee does
not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs."
enough money on earth worth leaving." He's sorry to see his
neighbors go. "They've been good neighbors," he says.
According to Klink, Netchel and his wife will have a year to
change their minds. The Relocation program has just been granted an
Borough of Berwick
344 Market Street
Berwick
752-2723
extension to June 1992 in order to relocate and demolish the
last
remaining properties.
David Good, chief assessor for Columbia County,
on Route 61 will be re-assessed by July of
this year for 1992. "In a depressed area, such as Route 61, the reassessed value will lower taxes in some cases as much as $700." The
According
to
the value of the properties
houses are currently valued between $23,000-$95,000 according
to
the accessor.
Kathy Kuzma
built her
home
eleven years ago, long before the
Spectrum
September 1983
legislation. "I've just
agreed to the proposal for
my
house," says Kuzma. Although satisfied with the amount she will
receive, she says she will have to build a
However, Kuzma
much
smaller house.
upset with the salvage rights for this project.
is
Originally in Centralia, those residents were allowed to take every-
"Most of
thing from the kitchen sink to insulation.
stripped their
homes and
the residents
however, the residents must use what they lake
project,
in their
new
home.
Kuzma's complaint
Come & Spend
sold what they could," says Klink. For this
that since she
is
is
much
building a
smaller
the Day
house, she will be unable to take everything she wants. Klink says that
the salvage rights will be
"We have
monitored and enforced. This will involve
lost
land once already
because we didn't get the
money. It's an awful waiting
Bring the enlire family and spend
a day at the Susquehanna Energy
Informalion Center and Riverlands
recreation area See the eye-calch
ing displays Try our educational
compuler games that tell the
game. Now, we've found some
new land and are just hoping
energy story
that the seller will wait."
new home and seeing that items, such as
windows, sliding, and fixtures, taken from the previous home have
been used in the new one.
Joe Martdrano, chairman of the building committee for Habitat
for Humanity, an organization which is trying to eliminate poverty
going into each and every
housing, says the group has asked
their cause.
"\Vc hope to
if it
can salvage the properties for
literally take the
Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
and picnic m the 400-acre River
lands recreation area and nature
preserve Or, call and make arrange
ments to en)oy one of the nature and
recreational programs presented by ou
resident naturalist,
Complete your
trip with a bus tour
the
perimeter of the Susquehanna Steam Electric
Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
calling the information Center m advance. Call
(717)542-2131 for mtormation.
It would
plywood and
windows," says Martdrano. Redevelopment is cooperating fully, but
it's the demolition contractor who will have the final say. "We
We're a non-profit organizaand any materials we take can be a tax deduction for the
believe the contractor will cooperate.
a
demolished.
I
bear, they
still
Sun
through
,
Noon
Sal,. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
Mon ihrough FrI.. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
Sal .11a m 4 p.m., Sun.. Noon-4 p.m
my house
couldn't bear to watch that." If leaving their homes,
memories, and
Mon
April-OcI
For informalion 0311(717) 542-2131
Sighing, Kuzma adds, "I wouldn't want to be here when
their
Susquehanna Energy Informadon Center
Nov -March
contractor," he says.
is
..•!
house down.
involve getting 'big ticket' items, including sheeting,
tion
with Us
their possessions isn't
enough
don 't know how much the proposal
for the families to
for their
home will
make any plans, we don't know when we're getting the
how much we will get," says Thomas Wallace.
we've been told is that we will get fair market value for our
O
Riverlands
Daily 8
•
Wetlands
am
lo
•
Council
dusk
For miormalion
Cup
Stalling
call (717)
Mon
Ihrough
Fri
.
8
am
4 p
r
542-2306
be. "I can't
money
or
"All
home as well as relocation benefits," says Linda Wallace. According
Admission
i8
is
FREE
Located on Route 1 1 just live miles north ol Berwick. Owned and operated
by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co and Allegheny Electric Cooperative Inc.
.
to Klink, two appraisals will be done and the higher of the two used.
Once
which
to
the check
is
issued, residents will be given sixty days in
move
vacate their homes. If they are unable to
out in sixty
days, they will be required to pay rent to the (state) in order to stay in
their
homes.
"We
have
lost land
once already because
money," says Linda Wallace.
"It's
we
didn't get the
an awful waiting game.
we've found some new land and arc just hoping
Now,
that the seller will
wait."
The new land
enough
this lime,"
is
about six miles away.
says Linda Wallace.
Spring-Summer 1991
S
"We
just
hope
it's far
^^
'
Fighting
A
recent proposal
change the
to
^
k t
i
competition level
Bloomsburg
for
athletics receives
response from
the school board
little
Losing Battle
by Matt Malinowski
"You
Sophomore Mark McDonald can remem-
can't put the students
up against
winning about half its games. AtBloomsburg
happening. Since there is not much
ber his spikes slowly sinking into the
impossible odds by asking them to play
this isn't
two inches ofmud that covered the sidelines
as he watched his Bloomsburg High School
against schools that are considerably larger,"
housing being built
football
team lose
its final
ways
regular season
West Hazleton,
21-0. This was the beginning ofwhat was to
be a 28 game losing streak, one that would
last the rest of McDonald's high school
game of the 1987 season
to
to
improve the program
let
of student body growth has contributed to the
team's recent struggles.
not only concerned about the
Bridenstine believed the school's population
football program, but with all the "major"
was more in balance with other area schools.
sports.
He
discov-
one season before the losing streak be-
of some sports over
the last ten years
Championship and qualified for theEast-
were worse than the
Conference
As
football team's.
finals.
with every slumping program, ex-
cuses are many. In this case, a
member
brought
mation
of
now
faces
played when they
is
not equal to the teams
won
the
championship
it
in
1987.
Don
then
why
Bridenstirie, parent of a
former
infor-
newspaper.
He believes
cent lack of success of the team
is
greater size of their competition.
play a
high.
anything then because
it
to
just never occurred
me," he says.
Adding
this
to
some
The school board,
offers ten
however, showed
response to his
schools the same size offer as few as
little
re-
male varsity
sports, while
six.
"The more sports offered to the student body,
board review the
"I think
ing a notch above where
we
who the
are play-
we ought to be
in
a couple of cases." Bridenstine points out
I
was too
ing to present his idea.
teams play," he says.
due to the
petition
problem, Bloomsburg
"I suggested the
the re-
Thus, he never believed the level of com"I never tried to change
of your league."
to the next
school's athletic policy, in so far as
football player, noticed the
team's recent struggles through the scores
in the local
A school,
AAA school? It's out
He
quest.
Bloomsburg
10
this
you're an
'If
school board meet-
the community believes the competition the
school
When his son played a few years earlier,
last ten years.
gan, Bloomsburg won the Susquehanna Val-
em
increasing at a more rapid rate than
information, ranging from the population
ered that the records
ley
is
of local schools to the records of Bloomsburg
alone have a chance to win them. However,
just
Bloomsburg Area
,
schools
last fall.
in the
School District the population of other area
Bloomsburg's. Bridenstine believes this lack
He was
For over two years, the Bloomsburg
looking for
Bridenstine researched and compiled
teams over the
football career.
Panthers could rarely keep games close,
who began
says Bridenstine,
that over a period of lime, a
team should be
the thinner the spread of students in those
sports," says Bridenstine.
Bloomsburg
football
may be
As
a result,
losing
more
athletes to other sports than their competition.
same
"Theobjectofsportsistowin.Butatthe
time,
it is
to give yourself a
chance to
Spectrum
win," he says. "With
all
numbers win."
Tom Lynn, former
other things being
football
coach and
current athletic director of Bloomsburg, believes
it is
Dr. Gerald Powers, school board presi
dent, initially agreed with
equal,
virtually impossible to
with schools athletically
if
compete
over Selinsgrove, a
"Some
they constantly
AAA
than bigger schools
bers.
to get
And
good
You have
in football,
great athlete to
takes
it
make a winning team. That is
what the problem
Bloomsburg
is
is."
A
a Class
school, and in
Powers. "Last
we were beaten badly by ^,—
some smaller schools, and then /
we
^..^t^,,^.^.
beat the biggest school in
[.
>'?
r^
we
make to Bridenstine. We
may not win ifwe move down." But Briden-
our league. That's the point
are trying to
stine points out that "at least the
chances
school, then
why
would seem to be better."
Powers did suggest, however, that the
league may need readjustment. According to
AAA school?" asks Bridenstine.
"It's
Powers, the league could be
the course of
one season, the Panthers must
play nearly half
tlieir
schedule against
schools. "If you're an
play a
a better
more nummore than one
athletes with
to athletics," says
season
^
school.
much better
when it comes
Southern Columbia, are
"The pool of athletes becomes the biggest
concern," says Lynn. "If you have a pool of
200 people and a pool of 300, who's going to
chance
But the
smaller schools, such as
have the number advantiige.
get the better people?
it.
mood of Powers swayed after the
game losing streak ended with a w
A
AAA
Bob Quick
"When you play
split into
two
out of your league." Current coach
divisions, one with the bigger schools, the
agrees with Bridenstine.
otlier
with the smaller. This way, the smaller
against a larger school, you don' t just lose the
schools could
game, you also lose physically," says Quick.
losing to
"You can
play.
lose athletes [to injury] during
those games.
schools your
It is
It
hurts your chances against
own
size."
ultimately the school board's deci-
sion to accept Bridenstine's proposal, and
It
still
play the larger ones, but
them would not hurt
also
would
among
let
in divisional
schools judge where
make another
lem
is
division, and the major prob-
finding schools from the area that
fit
into the small school category.
Bridenstine says he
is
a
little
disturbed
nobody else has stepped forward to the school
board
to
help his cause. "Everybody
I
have
other schools of similar
talked to has agreed with me, outside of the
size.
However, Quick points out there is a
in this idea. The initial problem is
whether or not there are enough schools to
school board," he says. "I'm not aware of
major flaw
anybody who's done anything
they stand
to support
it."
Some support for his proposal came from
For Beer on a !Budget
"Stop at the BCinkin^ Li^ht"
Av#ards« Trophies
Plaques* Silk Screening
Engraving* Embroidery
Inn
CCeo's
fit.
42
&>
Hain
D.J. Tri.
Spring-Summer 1991
8o
St.,
Sat.
Numidia
Nights
Sporting Goods & Appare!
Licensed Mdse. & Appare
Wagner's Trophies
6c Engraveables
138
E.
Main
St.,
Bloomsburg
784-6025
11
against other schools in different sports other
than football." But Bridenstine's research
School Populations 1989-90
shows
W^^^M^MgfMfMfMfi
^smms^m'
^^^g^^ZSQZ^SZS!
Selinsgrove
Mifflinburg
v^M^f^y^^Mf^^MfMmmm
years.
Danville
say, however, the issue
is
firms this, saying the issue is brought up after
every season for each sport.
Lynn
Cent. Columbia
issue
Lewisburg
believes a big problem with the
the population of the school
is that
constantly fluctuating.
Williamsport
BL00M5BURG
of Males
the best football team ever assembled and not
^^g^^
Columbia
get the points to play for a state
title."
The district point system makes dropping
800
600
400
200
is
"We can schedule all
A schools now and in two years possibly be
a AA school," Lynn points out. "We could be
School
in
Muncy
So.
Lynn does
under constant evaluation, and Powers con-
Warrior Run
5.
major sports have had
one being wreswhich hasn't had a winning season in
tling,
^mmm
Milton
that the other
less success than football,
the level of competition a problem. District
computed by the number of victoand the size of your opponents.
ratings are
Data Provided by Bob Quick and Gerald Powers
ries
A victory against any size school is worth
ihe Press-Enlerprise,
We're
inc a rose in
which gave Bridcnstweekly "Roses and Thorns"
that,"
Lynn says his attitude to-
As
iis
section for his idea.
at the point
where we've reached
he says.
athletic director,
Lynn
believes he
You
five points.
receive four additional
points for playing a
AAAA school, three for
AAA, two for AA,
and one for A.
of com-
Hence, a victory against a
AAAA
wards the subject has changed from the time
must be
fair to all sports. If the level
When
petition
would drop for football, then it would
worth nine
have
drop for every sport. "Football
them, even if you lose, is automatically worth
he was a coach to athletic director.
coaching,
Lynn believed
his
team was often
overmatched. "You can't put a 119 pound
wrestler up against a 185
pound
wrestler.
to
parently
all
that matters
should," says Lynn.
332 Main
^^^
St.
ap-
is
but just playing
four points.
"We have good records
^
PIZZA
is
and other sports
district points,
Therefore, only scheduling schools that
TOWN
Catawissa
356-2188
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12
•
Sun. 4-10
Spectrum
arc
AA
and
A make
it
difficult to enter the
fact there
it
However, Quick and Bridcnstine believe
always necessary to play games for
done
isn't
this reason.
"Do you
do you
U-y to
play
to
up to the students themselves
it's
speak up on the
your best football every Friday night?" says
who must endure
Quick. "I'd rather have a successful regular
the gridiron.
issue, for they arc the
When McDonald,
freshman
"You don't always
win every
game than play in any
post-season game."
to
Regardless of
learn things in
any
"Your Shasta Top
Volume Dealer"
it
that
way,
for
are wrong.' That's what's a
little
Area's Largest
sullenly, "I loved
work
Selection of
results
games, and not quit
wouldn't be a bad
it
But they don't see
no
dishearten-
was discussed at the next
school board work session, but little was
done about it. He's not upset the issue was
The
A: IIV s
should have been his
Still,
good reasons I can think of. At least give me
something back that says, 'This is why you
ing."
Blooms-
was very disappointing."
Powers believes that results don't
always separate the winners from the losers.
"Any kid who can put on a uniform, lose 28
make any difference to
make the change," he says.
just thought
at
University,
football, but to
playing against odds they don't have to play
I
Motors
so hard practicing every day and never get
"I think it's unfortunate that the kids are
idea.
by
is
the issue. "It doesn't
against.
life
winning."
not going back to the school board to press
don't
currently a
"glory days," he says
strongly he believes,
me if they
burg
ones
bruises on
looks back at what
how
Bridenstinc says he
bumps and
tlie
season by having a
chance
Heritage
in the future.
Perhaps
play a football season
solely for district points, or
was seemingly little response. How-
Powers and Lynn say the issue is"always
being looked at," and something may be
ever,
post-season district playoffs.
topic
neither approved nor dropped, but rather the
is
That
isn't a loser.
to
me
a winner, because not everyone can do
that," says
RVs
Motor Homes
Powers. "In sports, we always get
hung up on winning. But you don't always
learn things in life by winning."
It's been said that it's not whether you win
or lose, it s how you play the game. B ut after
two and a half years of losing, maybe it's ume
to give Bloomsburg a fair chance to win.S
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-
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©1991 Domino's
Spring-Summer 1991
Pizza, Inc.
13
a
The
school
bell
Marzewski
never rings for the
children, but recess
comes
just the same, bringing different kinds of
amusement
to
each child. Jason puts away
his seventh-grade history
and math books
home schoolers, Marzewski now spends her
days in the "school room" of her home
room
room outfitted with desks and various school
supplies. The three children can often be
tional activities
—
found there together,
in a
one-room school
one anothers'
and reaches for sketching paper and a book of
house
military planes. Esther, a second-gradcr,rcads
lessons and working on their assignments for
a book about sea otters to her
the day. Jason
who
Sara
clutches a doll almost half her size.
These are the only three
the
little sister
Marzewski
living
at recess today, but
room wasn't made
for
situation, listening to
works with his mother daily on
history, math, english
and science. Esther
concentrates on reading, writing, and spelling.
And Sara, at a level just below kindergar-
and chores.
them lessons when they
don't know they're learning," Marzewski
When
says.
Learning has always been a part of
home life. But, since
September, Jane Marzewski has ac-
cepted the responsibility for her
brood's complete education. She
tries to
properties that explain ho
rise.
And in
to discover
dumb
to Dr.
Miller. Prior to 1988, the superinten-
State
to 5,000
parents in the state have opted to explore
offer her.
She especially enjoys
to
listening to
Marzewski intends
to follow the
180 day
she notes these days will have more natural
rise. "I
suspect the
number of
a
little later
one day
if
much
incon-
sistency within the state system.
Now,
on home schoolers
restrictions
A
more
who wants
are
their local school district.
The parent must
have a high school diploma or
which
tional
is
to
its
equivalent
determined by a General Educa-
Development (GED)
test.
The home
time," she says. "This
mit a statement of teaching goals and objec-
can be sure that
But learning
parent
school supervisor candidate must also sub-
covered the material."
I
go
less.
work-
areas are going up while others remain stable."
way,
But,
"We may
the lesson we're
ing on requires
Having joined the increasing ranks of
districts.
breaks than in a public school.
home schoolers is increasing," he says, "but
it is a pocket phenomena in which certain
14
the courts said this
teach in the home must submit an affidavit to
And Miller says
that he believes the incidenceof home schoolon the
However,
classes.
requirement of many school
is
to
considerably
schooling as an alternative to formal
across 500 school disU"icts.
had
stories and participating in her older siblings'
education. These parents are distributed
ing
district
approve a parent's home schooling
to teach."
any lesson her mother has
al-
to parents, according to
practice allowed for too
ten, delights in
Ken Miller of the
covers the windshield
frost
nights.
dent of the local school
plan.
schooling.
According
home
why
This kind of freedom was not
ents in Pennsylvania who have turned
Department of Education, 3,500
w yeast makes bread
the car, she challenges the three
ways given
convince people they
are too
is
explain mathematical
tries to
concepts like frac- tions, and the chemical
"I believe the school system
one of an increasing number of par-
home
the children help her bake, for
example, she
on cold
the Marzewski 's
often
"I like to give
many more.
to
Marzewski home. She
in the
interjects lessons into her children's recrea-
I
have completely
isn't restricted to the class-
tives
and undergo various criminal
history
checks.
The parent may
or
may
not choose to
Spectrum
follow ihc curriculum of ihc school
district.
However, the home school supervisor must
keep a log of what has been taught and a
portfolio of the child's work. This material
is
reviewed once a year by an evaluator who delivers a testimonial to the
school
district.
Home schoolers arc required to teach five
hours per day for elementary children, and
five
Even more than
and a half hours per day forchildrcn over
twelve.
her lessons, Sara
The parents may conceivably teach
from kindergarten through grade twelve
loves having her
if
mother and siblings
they choose to do so.
home every
However, unless a special formal education process is
followed, the state
obligated to supply the child with a diploma,
says Miller. This can cause problems
if
day.
Today, her mother
reads to her about
sea otters.
not
is
the
go to college. In such cases,
the child would have to pass the GED or high
school equivalency exam.
Most colleges have realized that home
child wishes to
schooling
tion
is
a viable option to formal educa-
to make policy decisions
home schooled admission candidates.
and have had
about
Photo by Jennifer Moon
"We do not discriminate against them," says
GED is an acceptable
Bcrnie Vinovrski, Director of Admissions
not have a diploma, a
at
Bloomsburg University. "But, they must
have competitive SAT's and a high school
diploma in order to be considered." How-
substitute.
have the child's best
Marzewski
ever, Vinovrski says, if the applicant
Having made the decision to educate at
home, Marzewski had to make arrangements
with the Millville Area School District. "They
•
docs
Academic programs
MBA,
communication
nursing,
studies,
and
education
•11
just playing
"Parents teach their children from con-
UNIVERSITY
A State System of Higher Education University
Professional and personal
continuing education programs
•
"and are not
hooky."
Supervisory Certificate
Programs
•
sure you
BLOOMSBURG
17 graduate programs,
including the
says,
make
interests at heart,"
in
nearly 100 areas of study
•
(the school district officials)
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A BRIGHT FUTURE
Customized educational
services for business and
industry
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Spring-Summer 1991
For more information about
Bloomsburg
University, call Admissions
(717) 389-4316
15
husband David. She says she was very
opti-
mistic about teaching at that time but, "that
was twenty years ago, and
things are differ-
ent now."
Dissatisfaction with the school system
firstencouraged Marzewski to research home
schooling possibilities.
"My
son was
terror-
ized by a kindergarten teacher who screamed
at the children
idiot,"
and told Jason he was an
she says.
According to Marzewski, her son 's teacher
did not follow up on lesson material properly
and then blamed the children when they
didn't understand her. "She would tell the
class to write the numbers from one through
a hundred," she says. "But, she did not check
their progress during the exercise; so, she
was not
there to help
them
if
they had
made
a mistake at ten."
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Jason, Esther, and Sara Marzewski spend an afternoon learning about finance
and mathematics the old fashioned way through a rousing game of Monopoly.
—
ccption on up whether they realize
Marzewski notes.
"But, once children reach a
it
I
grade
first
we're no
believe the school system
youiiComt
tries to
convince people they arc too dumb to
leach; that just isn't true."
level, they [the schools] try to tell us
longer qualified.
or not,"
'Bacl
Marzewski taught second-graders in Alayear and a half. She left teaching
go back to college, where she met her
In his later school years, Jason developed
school. Finally, his mother entered him in a
where he could get
private Christian school
more personalized instruction. "But, by this
time he had a lot of catching up to do," she
says."He needed more individualized attention than the school could spare."
bama for a
to
math and did not enjoy
a real problem with
am
'1 feel I
person to
^orSi^peat Performance
the best
tell
children what
all
about.
my
life is
Why settle
for second best?"
In a classroom with fifteen to twenty
other students, children will often
minds wander. But, Marzewski
"Encore Oiair
& Ccmvpus CCtpper
one-to-one basis,
if
let their
says,
on a
the child tunes out, you
can bring him back immediately.
Marzewski
feels the school
system
is
not
ideal for educating children. In such a sys-
J^uCC Service O^amity Salons
tem, children are more infiuenced by peer
pressure than by anything academic, she
Styles»Cuts»Perms»Coloring
says.
Walk-ins
At home, she believes, her children can
concentrate on learning.
Special Rates for Students and Senior Citizens
"My children don't feel they have to have
Welcome
the latest thing all their friends are getting,"
she says. In this way, Marzewski believes her
Tanning Services Available
children have
Open Monday through
Friday 9-9
Saturday 9-4
VISA
T,ncore!}{air •1(pute 11 •'Danvilk
Campus CUpper
16
•ZU
"East
more time
ing. "I think they are
•275-7589
St •'Blooms (mrg •784-2021
to devote to learn-
happier people," she
says.
"They are more relaxed and can go
their
own
at
speed."
Explaining her dissausfaction with the
established system
,
Marzewski points also to
the drug dealings and inappropriate language
Spectrum
many
of
school children. She believes Uicre
a flaw in a system
is
children
are being tested not to
which produces young
who do drugs
make
the grade, but to
Sit Sacl(iand enjoy
understand."
She must also decide what she wants
or talk trashy. "It's
The
simply a matter of economics, "she says. "If
leach her children.
IBM makes
riculum varies a great deal, especially
a computer that spells words
more money
to
slate teaching curin the
problem will work
company will redesign
the product." As a result, she believes home
schooling might be the way to clean up the
At these levels, the individual student often chooses between a
variety of history, geography, and scxnce
courses. Marzewski, however, has a broader
plan for her seventh grader. "I would like him
educational system.
to
While Marzewski may believe in guarding her children from some of life's harsh re-
today, and to be able to express himself and
wrong,
it
will not put
project in a
hope
upper grade
into the
that the
itseifout. Instead, the
she docs not think she
alities,
my
So
children should or should not be
sheltered from," she says.
about
to hear
I
feel
son
am
I
my
to tell
"They don't need
Why
settle for
second
Applying an
article
things.
I
that
we
learn
it
is
to
up
can;
in the
all."
a)
her reading level.
Despite the apparent
'Jennie'
success with her children,
Marzewski notes
there
Fri.,Nov. 8
is
a movement against home
"Some parents
'Stars
think you miss out on a lot
!Mazo'Wsze
She does not worry
Thurs.Jan. 23
that her children are
lacking in socialization; she says
have friends
in her
all
three
neighborhood and are
Ctevetand Quartet
active in various recreational activities.
The question of home schooling supriscd
the Marzewski children at first. "She popped
jective in the content of her children's les-
on us," Jason says. But, he notes he enjoys
own
comes up, I tell them, 'I believe this, and
some day you must make a decision between
the two.'" For example, she remembers a
time when the question of creation versus
Marzewski says she often
evolution arose during one of her son's les-
schooling because he gets out earlier,
has less pressure, and understands his lessons
Esther finds she can go at her
sons. "If a question of contradicting theories
And Sara just
enjoys having her sibUngs home with her and
sons.
being included
terial
gets ahead of her lessons.
in their lessons.
of secular humanism, often shows only one
lesson plans.
children to explore both possibilities."
side to this issue," she says. "I
Overall,
Marzewski
finds
want
home
my
school
slandiirdized tests
which many companies
well worth her efforts. "I'm enjoying them,"
offer.
These
don't always follow the
she concludes. "I'm proud
book,
many
tests
times don't
clude several
make sense, and
in-
wrong answers.
"I often test orally during the
the lessons," she says. "This
Spring-Summer 1991
when
I've taught them something. And I
too.
course of
way the children
Opera
'Carmen
Sun.,
March 22
'Tippin
Sat.,
March 28
as both sides of the issue had to offer. "I
believe the school district, following a theory
disillusioned with the
TittsSurgfi
Marzewski and her son took a trip to the
and found as much reading ma-
Marzewski chooses her own teaching maShe has found five or six companies
that produce what she feels to be high quality
is
Sun., Feb. 2
local library
terial.
However, she
14
And I have just as much right to my opinion."
weather; or, b) Harden them
fact,
(BoCsfioi'
high
to
Marzewski also believes she can be ob-
pace now. In
oftke
Thurs., Nov.
Put them directly in the
open garden conditions for small periods
better.
Sympfwny
Tues.,OcL 22
school," she explains. "I don't feel that way.
I
technique which exposes the seedlings
home
To(<:yo
can do one of
garden,
of time."
it
12
Sat., Oct.
she notes Esther has raised
by not going
they
garden and allow the weaker seedlings to
off, a
can't
'Rfimsey Leuns/'BiCCy ^ayCor
having trouble
math, but his judge-
schooling.
"Suppose I buy tomato
plants and raise them in
are ready to put
my
biggest problem
ing the question of over-
in the
grown as aperson."
is still
ment abilities are improv-
neat topics
to study. I guess
protection, she says,
When
is
ing dramatically. Also,
many
so
she once read concern-
a hot house.
to
has more confidence in
Marzewski says Jason
" There are
about.
all
is
best?"
shrivel
"He
himself," she says. "He's
in
children
life
Gelebrtty^rttstSertes
she has seen a great deal of prog-
the best per-
what
two
far,
ress in her son.
from a peer pressure group.
life
entertainment
his views," she says.
ing them. "I don't think otherpeople can say
what
cCass
levels.
know his way around his own world,
know how the world got to be where it
overprotect-
is
an evening offirst
BLOOMSBURG
UNIVERSIIY
A
I
Sl.,<.'\«>l,.rt../ ll.,..„
I
see that
learn a lot
I'm excited about next year. There arc so
many neat topics to study. I guess my biggest
problem is that we can't learn it all."S
Ticket Inquiries:(717) 389-4409
17
According to Bonnie Johns, head nurse of
by Kami Silk
the Maternity Center,
Facilities that treat the sick,
Hospitals.
injured,
ness"
is
women whose
pregnancy. Because of
only
this,
"ill-
society
and the medical profession have labeled
pregnant
women
says.
"Only about 25 percent of our
women
are treated as
Winona Cochran,
and
registered nurse, lay midwife,
assistant
hospital with people
women arc put
who arc ill and
Advancements
can
now
in
A woman
discover prior to birth, not only the
sex of her baby, but
if
she
is
to
resemble a home aunosphcre. They have a
television, dressers,
with
all
and a comfortable bed
They
the options of a hospital bed.
have a hospital birth."
offer the comforts of home and the security of
the hospital.
motivating
to hospital
advancements arc
scientific
some women to find alternatives
birth. They want to experience
birth as a natural process rather than a clinical
one.
"It
never occurred
to
me
that
I
wouldn't
have a hospital birth," says Loannc Suavely,
mother oftwo children born
help of a midwife.
into a friend
along in
my
when
I
"My
at
home with the
husband and
was about
three
I
ran
months
pregnancy. His wife had their
"They 're the bestof both worlds,"
says Kelly Peiffer, a registered nurse
who
previously worked in a maternity ward. Peiffer
reasons
women do
home makes
is
Mishawaka, Illinois.
But for many, the birthing room
not as
"One of
holding
my
when
Some
some statistics
that
birth
prove
studies indicate
home
births
may
actually have fewer problems than hospital
births.
Hospital-bom babies greatly exceeded
home-born babies in abnormalities, injuries,
and infections. These surprising results may
have something to do with the fact that midwives will not take on high-risk pregnancies,
and women who are considered high-risk
most likely want to have their babies in the
hospital.
"Midwives don't take chances," says
"We
labors and
if
we go
monitor the
there
is
women
during
any indication of prob-
straight to the hospital."
they were brand
midwives are registered nurses, lay midwives are either trained and apprenticed, or
hospitals have an
two children at home and he was very knowl-
unwillingness to ensure mothers their babies
will
be with them."
home birth.
not consider
There are two kinds of midwives. Nurse
new, wet creatures," says Snavely. "It was
important to me to hold my babies immediately after birth.
birth.
me was
the best feelings for
babies
baby's
one of the principle
wrong.
Some
lems
good as home.
is
be the safest place, but many home
Cochran.
is
in the
people assume a hospital has to
Intuitively,
had her two children in a birthing center in
edgeable on the subject."
1i
major roles
Concern for safety
this
never occurred to
me that I wouldn't
any physical defects or retardation, and other
But these
say being at
the birth easier because the familiarity
"It
problems well before the baby
born.
labor."
Many women
advocates point to
expecting twins,
is
my
during
to play
technology have given
abilities to obstetricians.
different nurses
room."
tious. Birth is a natural process."
amazing
many
relaxing. Husbands and children are also able
in the
infec-
knowing who would be
liked
decide to take advantage of our birthing
professor of psychology at Bloomsburg
University. "Healthy
I
and doctors, or strangers, would be in and out
Birthing rooms are delivery rooms set up
women
says
ill,"
opt for a traditional delivery.
"Also,
there. In the hospital
lithotomy (laying on their backs) births ," she
as patients.
"Today's pregnant
though they are
women
"Most people are happier with regular
and diseased.
Yet, they're also facilities that routinely
deal with healthy
most
Bloomsburg Hospital,
go
to
schools specifically designed for mid-
wifery. There is a national certification process, but
it is
not federally mandated that nurse
or lay midwives be certified.
The law
varies
Spectrum
from
state to state
concerning the qualifica-
only their patients
at risk,
and licensing of mid wives.
Elaine Francis, certified nurse midwife,
but also the doctors them-
Gciscngcr Hospital, explains that nurse
M.D., Bloomsburg Hospi-
tions, education,
midwivcs
iire
legal in all states, but only in a
W.
selves. Curtis
tal
Vickers,
says, "Doctors have to
Lay midnurse midwivcs
carry heavy liability and
and a distinction should be made.
Two years ago, a bill was under consid-
while midwives don't have
eration in Pennsylvania dealing with the
I'm not upset about
few
states iire lay
midwivcs
wives are not U'aincd like
legalization of lay
legal.
midwivcs. Suprisingly, an
community of Amish women came to
on behalf of the profession. This made
an impact on the court because the Amish arc
private citizens who rarely venture beyond
their own small community. For the Amish,
malpractice insurance,
until
I
have
mistakes
testify
wrong with
many
it
is
a
is
common
a
practice, but for
complex issue
that requires
was not
a spur of the
moment
"We met
sion," says Snavely.
The
lime was
first
with
soon as
liability suit) as
I
and child."
Mary
policy,
to talk
about
it this way and
was a healthy candidate. The second time was to discuss how to
prepare for the actual labor. She also recommended prcnautl care with my doctor."
Some doctors feel midwives may put not
she thought
in front
agree to work on the mother
lion
our reasons for wanting to do
10 see if
nacy. I'm stepping
goes
prcg-
of the firing lines (for a
deci-
Hostetler (a lay midwife) twice before the
actual labor.
home
VickerscarriesaSl mil-
serious consideration.
"It
a
this
up the
to pick
if something
entire
midwifery
much.
to carry nearly as
I
.SUPPLY,
By-Rite 1
^^q
liability
insurance
which costs him
about 334,000 a year.
"Overall, 334,000 is a reasonably low amount compared
to cities like
New
>.^L
Loanne Snavely proudly displays her new child, Elody,
delivered by midwives Mary Hostetler (left) and Becky
Smith.
York and Philadelphia,"
says Vickers.
cine.
This fear of a lawsuit
many
is
what prompts
They may do certain things just to cover
themselves
doctors to practice defensive mcdi-
in
case something goes wrong.
"Doclorsarenervousaboutwhatalawvcr
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Driving Range
•
•
Miniature Golf-
Arcade
Pizza
Get One
Free
Den
Game
Bloomsburg, Pa. 17815
(717)784-3263
Owner:
William A.
Coombs
Spring-Summer 1991
9 a.m.
these sports...
18 Hole Miniature Golf Course
Air Conditioning
255 East
all
at
Offer Expires:
Wolf Hollow
Golf & Go Kart Track
Located on Route
1
1,
Between Bloomsburg
Off Exit 36-S From 1-80 Call
&
Berwick,
1
Mile South
784-5994
19
will
do wiih a chart because we can be sued
for not doing enough.
We are forced to prac-
defensive medicine. So doctors
tice
scheduled elsewhere. They do not want a
variety of drugs that are not really needed.
may do
was
"I
Joseph,
my
had the
ability
This defensive medicine, according to
Vickers, could sometimes lead to the use of
the
is
to pass through. After the birth, the area
stitched up
Instead of letting nature take its course,
doctors follow a theory of inter-
vcntionism. Despite advancements, the
number of
my
increased rather than decreased in the last
decade.
subtle risks are causing
many of
women
lems. "I don't automatically do episi-
otomies," says Vickers. "It's done
babies at home."
arc finding that laying
the position
most comfortable
is
not
for them.
Delivery rooms are designed for the conven-
They do
ience of doctors, not mothers.
their labors to
It's
to
a nice
clean cut instead of ragged edges that
may
not tear in just one spot
—
there
could be a dozen tears."
to look for
horizontal with their feet up in stirrups
want
For some doctors, episiotomies are
prevent extensive tearing.
If
were
I
in the hospital they
may have
thought the labor wasn't moving along and
women
our hospital
an intervention to avoid other prob-
the
other alternatives.
Pregnant
at
the technique of the physician."
The odds of surviving a high-
tech birth arc good, but
"Most doctors
mother's personal hygiene habits and
I
safe about having
obstetrical interventions has
is
and this sometimes leads to infec-
(Bloomsburg) do episiotomies," says
Johns. "Infection depends on the
me, 'Oh
had
confidence in Mary and
felt comfortable and
ones," says Cochran.
many
tell
you're brave,' but
counteract the effects of the original
made
is
and rectum, to increase the space for the baby
tion.
"People
"The more drugs a mother receives
more other drugs she will need to
cut
the perineum, the area between the vagina
by encouraging me to move around and squat.
actually required.
A
was a long labor with
says Snavely. "She
and knowledge to speed it up
it
first child,"
more drugs during a pregnancy and labor
than
practice used to speed
the episiotomy.
with scissors through the skin and muscle of
because
tetler) there
possible for their patients," says Vickers.
is
have Mary (Hos-
really glad to
exotic tests to ensure they did everything
common
Another
up births
not
be induced because other
women need the delivery room or doctors arc
gave
me
Pitocin or something to speed the
Mary had the intimate knowledge on how to deal with it naturally." Pitocin is a brand name for oxytocin, a chemidelivery up.
cal that causes the uterus to contract
and
But many times there may be no damage
at all.
Nancy Fleming,
Ph.D., a certified
nurse-midwife and clinical director
for
Comprehensive Women's Health Care Center in
Hinsdale, Illinois, says,
episiotomy
of the
is
"When
an
not performed, over one-third
women
will not
therefore induce labor or accelerate existing
following birth, and
labor.
perineal
need any suturing
at least half will sustain
damage (tearing) of a milder degree
INTELLIGENCE
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314 Main Street
20
.
•
PO
P.O. Box 418 . Bloomsbcirg. PA 17815 • (717)784-5550 • (800) 222-2040
Box 175 • Catowisso, PA 17820 • (717)356-2392 • (800) 242-2392 In PA
In
PA
.
FAX
(717) 784-8471
Spectrum
ihan
if
an cpisioiomy were performed."
procedure for a
"Il's a routine
tors,
but
would rather lake
I
than a 24-hour
of doc-
and not need
be made
to
do an episiotomy cannot
until right
judgment
call for
Women who
cutting
down on room
equipment
thai increase cost aren't
before delivery.
It is
a
have a more personal experience than with an
"Mary
authoritative doctor.
is
such a
warm
not the most
births
"It
were completely covered with our insurance," says Snavely. "But
we wanted to have
our children at home and our insurance didn't
and warm feelings and
cover
my
two children's
I
was glad
births,"
to
have her
tive
Peiffer had a certified nurse-midwife at
her two birthing
room
"Marta (her
labors.
midwife) was not only my friend, but also my
partner during
Cost
home
my
another consideration
is
births or birthing
hospital deliveries.
in
choosing
rooms over regular
According
to
vary, but
some do provide coverage
Dorothy
wife. Birthing
home
for
rooms are covered under most
Birthing rooms and
it's
backward
"People
had confidence
in
Mary and
able and safe about having
CURTIS W.
VICKERS, M.D.
W€CL
felt
my
PASSAT GLI
CABRIOLET
|-
§1
special JamiCt) touch.
r
CORRADO
comfortbabies at
Unique Furniture,
home. Jurnisfvings
&? gijt store with a
Q^'
GOLF
but
VANAGON
BRASS
€LASS
&
HINKLE, D.O.
some, but for others
me 'Oh, you're brave,'
tell
home," says Snavely. S
S.
JETTA GLI
home births may seem
to
ered outpatient facilities that require less
RICHARD
FOX
JEHA GL
not offered
an alternative to what hospitals have to
offer.
I
Sometimes birthing rooms are consid-
is
"There arc no
not used."
is
hospital Slay costs approximately $2,500,
care costs.
says,
costs to cover because a professional facility
like a step
physician fees and prenatal
Dugan
births.
Hospital, a normal delivery with a two day
all
VOLKSWAGEN
for the
professional services of acerlified nurse mid-
Folk of the credit office of the Bloomsburg
excluding
Scott Dugan, a representa-
to
from Blue Cross-Blue Shield, policies
insurance policies. Coverage
labor," she says.
WITH
it."
According
Snavely says
about her midwife.
.V.
would have been cheaper for mc to
baby in the hospital because we
my
have
and gentle person. She inspires confidence
at
FAHRVERGNUGEN
iire
usually less expensive than hospital births.
doctors and midwives.
use a midwife believe they
is
home
important consideration,
EXPERIENCE
and
In addition, drugs, fetal monitors,
otlicr
often needed. Although cost
says Snavely.
The decision
stxiy,
cosLs.
chance of
the
tearing than have an episiolomy
it,"
lot
...*^
^
JACK METZER
1
-m
t§
VOLKSWAGEN
Rf. 11 BIoom/Danv. Highway
275-0040 or 1-800-698-9333
ISometHin Siveetl
'
gynecoCogy
& OBstetrics
...A.n extrcMjrdinart^ cancCt^J
g, store u/itfv euert^tfving Jor eg
uour su^eet tootfv 8c niore! i
f
I
f
in theProfessional BuUtting
Locate.fi
I
ii
'Botfi at
232
I
PENN ST. & GLENN AVE.
BLOOMSBURG, PA 17815
(KdiX Street,
g,
'DanvUh
^
275-9600
'We
»g
i
,^
^
•
We Service All VW Products*
now ftave SridaC
Seatbelts save
(717)784-2557
lives.
Don t drink and
drive
im^S^mmtm^B^iiim
Spring-Summer 1991
21
shillings,
and 3 pence
farthings
|
This plot of land, then known
many
RAVELING
is
"Peggy'
much of what nov
comprises the
HROUGH
IME
in the area as
Farm,"
ti
resort.
In following years, the lan(
changed owners several times
by Dan Trexler
some
sections being sold off an(
others added, until 1 828 , when Rev
Henry Knoebel had a dream.
That dream was to create a family
amusement resort on a plot of land
owned by his grandfather. Henry,
who bore the same first name as
his grandfather and was called
"H.H." to avoid confusion, began
to envision his dream coming true
when locals began to frequent his
"Swimmin' Hole" which was located on the waters of Roaring
\
^*V'
.t
^
'
\
^'4
i
'^"^ T-. I'
Creek and Mugser's Run. Daring
i
into the
Henry Hartman Knoebel pur
chased it for the sum of $93 1. Thi;!
sparkling waters from a covered
purchase officially began what ii
bridge near the
known today as Knoebel's Amuse
I
swimmers would dive
site.
The resort itself has a long and
to March 7, 1775, when John Penn,
ment Resort.
The park, under the direction o:
"H.H.," continued to attract man)
governor of the province of Penn-
funseekers from the area through
sylvania, signed a deed to transfer
out the years.
292 and a quarter acres of land to
John Salter, for 14 pounds, 12
pool to replace the "Swimmin
interesting history that dates
back
With the addition of a concrete
I
:^M."^
Hole," a steam-powered carousel
(the park's first ride),
'''
?K"^^
and a restau-
park officially became
rant, the
recognized as Knoebel's
ment Resort,
Amuse-
in 1926.
Joe Muscato, director of park
advertising
and public
relations,
attributes the park's success to the
strength of the
Knoebel family
throughout the years of the park's
existence.
"There was no reason for the
park ever to succeed, except for
the
hard work and dedication on
behalf of thefamily,"hesays
ire
now
Jiink
"We
a tourist destination
we've reached
—
that distinc-
jon."
Knoebel's has also prided
self in its ability
it-
to expand with the
T
A
^^i^*>
Photo By Allen Ambrosini
Knoebels continues
ment
lo provide excite
Grand Carousel
(left), the resort's first ride; The
Giant Flume (right), the
latest ride; and The
Ttie
witti
Jet Star (below)
^^
\t
Photos by
Terry Wild
\
times, while
slill
to
Since
being able
t
remain afam-
" e X
p
ily-orienledpark.
"Since 1985,
sion"
this
park has exploded
Icnil)
^v**'
says Muscaio, adding ihat this
has a great deal lo do with
lai'gestin
named
the forlieih
figures.
added new rides and
atlraclions, overseeing
ihe
setup of each and every one lo asllie
iheUniied Slates, based
on ailendance
-
1
1985,
ihc park has consis-
m
terms of size and siatus,"
park being
m
h e
more
"We
tam the natural
project than a
park
typical
would do.
When
ride opened,
much about
it
beauty of the park,"
that
we knew
as anyone."
These days ihe amusement
is run by the third genera-
says
Knoebcl
take an aggressive
tomer with quality
resort
with polite service
of the family atmosphere.
lion of ihe Knocbel family, wiih
Dick Knocbel serving as ihe gen-
aunosphere."
just
ride," said
added the flume
Muscato.
"We
did
eral
manager and
--^
^"^.
president.
"We
atti-
tude on pleasing the cus-
sure safely and ihc mainicnance
"We
are
gomgto main-
with
service,
in
a pleasing
(Additional research
was done
S
by Diane Wojnar.)
Inter-Sorority Council
of
Bloomsburg University
1 1
Sororities
for
AZA
AZT
The Community
Alpha Sigma Alpha
Supporter of Special Olympics
Alpha Sigma Tau
AZA
AZT
Supporter of Pine Mountain
AEB
AOE
0TQ
Working Together
Delta Epsilon Beta
AEB
Supporter of the American Red Cross
Delta Phi Epsilon
Supporter of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Theta Tau
Omega
AOE
QTQ
Supporter of the Bloomsburg Health Care Center
ZZZ
Sigma Sigma Sigma
ZZZ
Supporter ofRobby Paige
OIX
Phi Delta
Supporter of the American Cancer Society
Phi Iota Chi
Supporter of Special Olympics
OZZ
Xen
XZP
Phi Sigma Sigma
Supporter of the National Kidney Foundation
Chi Theta Pi
Supporter of Special Olympics
Chi Sigma Rho
Supporter of the American Cancer Society
OA
OIX
OZZ
X0n
XZP
^f J
Into the
^
'i
3ati^
Wild Bloom
Yonder
By Jane Mehlbaum
was
When heBarsUer
15,
Forty-eight years later,
lied
after finishing high school
about his age to begin
and spending two years
in the army, Barstler is
Bill
working as a lineboy
at Columbia Airways.
Working 4 p.m. to mid-
now
—adecentwageback
1943 — Barstler gassed
hour
The
He
airport, located
when
discovered his
of the S usquehanna River,
was forced
true
airport.
on the east side of
Bloomsburg on the banks
and cleaned planes.
his bosses
Co-
owner of the Bloomsburg
night at forty cents an
in
the president of
lumbia Aircraft Services,
to quit
was
age a few months
built in
-I'&t'
1932 by inHarry L.
dustrialist
later.
J
#
'':j'y
«««^
-<^
"'
-Jit
/
A^'--^..
^;,^.,,i,«i.ifejym;»'^
#>,
BLOdMSBUR^,
j'.-^^t.
,
.4>^t>.
1
980^
.
Magcc. In 1945, Magcc sold the aiqoort to
the town of Bloomsburg with the understanding that il would remain an airport.
Geisingcr Medical Center,
Danville, uses the airport to fly
in
teams of surgeons and organ
was taken over by
Columbia Aireraft Services, which today is
owned and operated by its employees. "The
donations; industries
airport pays rent to the town," says Bars tier,
clients;
"but the expenses, such as lighting, cutting
as undertakers, also benefit by
In the early
grass,
1950s
il
plowing snow, repairs
to the build-
and insurance arc our responsibility."
Tiie airport employs seventeen full and
men
part-time employees and
is
the second larg-
engine builder on the cast coast. Not too
many people know what kind
done
there, but Barstler
of work
is
admits they have so
much business right now they can't take care
of
it,
yet
none of the workers are complain-
it
to
out; sales-
fly in to deal
with local
in
and veterinarians, as well
availability.
its
"Very
ings,
est
u.se
and
business
fly
flying
is
little
recreational
done out of the
Bloomsburg airport, says Bar"You'd be surprised at the
stler.
who come in here and
we go for an airplane
people
say 'Can
ride?'"
Becauseof liability and
changing limes, pilots are relucpeople up. "It's
Photo by Jennifer Moon
George
Columbia
ing.
tant to lake
Columbia aircraft provides many services for companies witlithcir own airplanes,
almost a thing of the past, and
including reconditioning, as well as building
bering, "It used to be nice to see
engine parts and performing
people come down on a S unday. They'd wait
and one
fifty
hundred hour inspections.
that's too bad,"
for
Most aircraftcoming into the airporttoday
Karl
repairs a plane's engine
at
Aircraft Services.
really enjoyed
it."
Accidents are something those Sunday
have business connections, and, on a busy
the shop
he says, remem-
somebody to take them up, and when they
went up Ihey
in
saw very
of at the Bloomsburg
very conscientious crew and they do a nice
job," he says.
"Most of my people have been
here for fifteen and twenty years; there's
been very
little
turnover."
Most accidents occur
day,BarstlcrandhiscrcwwiIlsec 100 to 150
flyers
planes land. However, these planes often are
airport.
carrying engine parts being dropped off for
lot safer than
mechanical errors occur," he says, "you're
his staff
given a
service, or people flying in
on business.
Now We're Bigger
&
little
According
to Barstler, aviation is a
most people think, and he and
make it a main priority. "I've got a
error,
as a result of pilot
according to Barstler. "Not too
lot
many
of indication that something
Better Than Ever
Sivect 9{ectar
Look
for
Cdcimbla County
us at
Fanatix Athletic Club
Jranmens National Bank
FDIC
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Locations
Benton
Bloomsburg
Lightstreet
600 Montour Blvd., Bloomsburg-Danville Hwy.
387-1 742
Spring-Summer 1991
Millvtlle
Orangeville
South Centre
27
is
—
going wrong, and you should be on top of
first
what you're doing."
Barstler, pointing out,
Unfortunately, accidents do happen. In
1984, aHarrisburg
woman,
she was not accustomed
flying an aircraft
to,
later, in
and was
"we put a new apron
the parking area where the tie downs are
—
last year."
made a bad
killed.
a separate incident, a
"It
put his
craft
warns
Barstler
threat.
was
"We
injured.
always a
that the river is
watch
it
very closely," he says.
Sunday. They'd wait
During the flood of 1972, Barsder says, "we
somebody to take
them up, and when
they went up they
had six feet of water in the office. Since then
for
we've been a lot more conscious of it. We lost
everything and had to start all over."
New York state has also added a few
dams, which reduced the number of sudden
of the Susquehanna
rises that affect the portion
really enjoyed it."
River flowing by the airport. According to
dams
Barstler these
the river
"We know
have a
it
in
would
where
forced to
also
be put
in to free
planes are
all
now
and going
up the runway,
is
taxi,
very danger-
of planes coming in
out.
Al though the extended runway will add to
the safety of the airport,
it
will
have no
bearing on the size of the aircraft flying into
Bloomsburg. According
to Barstler,
many
insurance agencies do not want their aircraft
coming into a field that is less than 3,600 feet
long.
There are some people, however, who use
the airport for something other than business.
B ud Thiel Nescopeck, is a recreational flyer.
,
"I started flying in the military," says Thiel.
"When
the
war ended,
I
started flying out of
Bloomsburg." Thiel has been flying out of
the Bloomsburg airport since World War II
when
Bloomsburg.
lot
to
parallel taxi
it
was nodiing but a grass
field with
no
we
very close to a settlement in which they
runway.
more time here."
crew arc continually
would acquire the land on the east end, which
is in Scott Township.
During World War II, along with an Army
Air Force program, the Navy asked
if
litUe
more control of
create
and they notice
wide
feet
A
ous when there are a
used to be
nice to see people
come down on a
Two weeks
man
by 100
size to 3,700 feet long
give a larger safety margin.
which, according to Barsder,
plane in the river. Fortunately, no one on
board the
in
Barstler also says that they are
panicked when
she approached the runway,
landing, crashed,
phase of expanding the airport," says
the Ilood gates are closed,
Barstler and his
trying to bring the airport
up
marking buildings
in the
Attempts are also being made to lengthen
1991 stan-
to
by clearing the approaches, putting
new lights in the proper areas, and properly
diu-ds
way. "We're
in the
the runway,
which
is
currendy 2,800 feet
long by 50 feet wide. Barstler
is
trying to
obtain federal funding that will increase the
Bloomsburg
State College, one of only four
colleges in the country to conduct special-
ized training for
train
Navy
flight instructors, to
V-5 and V-12 cadets out of the airport
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RT. 11
DANVILLE
Spectrum
—
This two-year program, 1943 through 1944,
250 Naval
resulted in the training of
flight
Flying, according to Sharrow,
way
of keeping your ego
matter
instructors.
Although military training
the past at the airport, there
is
a thing of
is
still
some
Through the efforts of the Parlor City Flight Club (PCFC)
and its instructor, Dick Sharrow of
training taking place there.
Millville, people
can
still
PCFC— formed in
learn to fly.
says,
how big
your ego gets
"when you
also a
is
ground
down here," he
how
airport,
get up in the air and see
small you really are,
it
airport also has the
"No
check.
in
puLs you right back
into perspective."
After forty-eight years of working at the
relaxation,
Boslego, Columbia Aircraft Services'
stockroom clerk, and three others
members who
fly just for the fun of it. About onethird of its members arc beginning
students. "It's a cheap way to learn,"
has about sixty local
really are,
it
went through a series of
had skids on them for
tail wheels, then they went to tricycle
landing gear," he says. Weight-perhorsepower has also significantly inthose days
the
A
popular plane
Ronca C3
—
in
often re-
ferred to as the "Hying bathtub"
—with
only 36 horsepower. Today, most engines have
initiation fee
of $100,
is also a charge of $20 per flight.
Sharrow says most people in the club use
There
means of relaxation. "This
is
my
Sharrow also sees the
airport as a benefit to
local business. "Airports bring in a lot of
commerce," he says. "One of the
first
things
asked when developing a new business
is
'where's the nearest airport?'"
good routine break. That's what most people
In order to accommodate this influx of
commerce, the Bloomsburg Airport has had
to make a few improvements over the years.
"We've added additional buildings, shop
space, and stock rooms," says Barstler, point-
club use flying for," he says. "It's no
ing out, "it's just been in the last couple of
hang-out," says Sharrow, pointing out
to bars, other
that,
people go to
airports."
in the
was
400
to
500 horsepower.
In 1979, after spending thirty years in
Members pay an
He
it,
creased since then.
puts you right
back into perspective."
plus monthly and flying fees of about S40.
"some people go
decades
In the first
planes had open cockpius and, as
stages. "First they
says Sharrow.
flying as a
all
Barstler puts
—
"When you get up in the air
and see how small you
1965 by Mike
Barstler and his crew have seen
many changes in aircraft.
of night,
Along with recreation and
added plus of an above
fuel system.
also sees flying as a hobby. "It's a
different than boating or
snowmobiling."
For All
Your Auto
Parts Needs
years that we've added a
new
hanger." The
shop building engines, Barstler became
manager of operations and president of the
employee-founded corporation. Now most
the
is spent in the office and away
from the planes. "I soloed back in the 1940s,"
he says, "but I like this end of it better."
of his time
After forty-eight years with one employer,
Barstler,
somewhat reluctanUy,
is
now
con-
sidering retiring. "I hate to think about leaving," he says, adding, "I
work with
nice
have a good job, I like what I'm
doing, and I hate to give it up." S
people,
I
Husky Ambassadors
"Share the vision that
commitment to the
University
should
can and
lost
a
lifetime!"
DANVILLE
AUTOMOTIVE
275-3570
J^^k
323Fe.ySt^NAPA^
Danville
^|^^r
Because there are no
unimportant parts.™
Spring-Summer 1991
The Husky Ambassadors represent a select group of
the student body at Bloomsburg University,
They participate in special activities and programs
that bring the alumni, student body, faculty and
community together.
For
more
information call 389-4058
29
A
lean, red
meat source
no one's
that
'herd' of
a/\fpO(P
According
Diane Stoy, operations director of Lipid
at the George Washington University
to
Research Clinic
Medical Center, buffalo may prove to be very important to
meat eaters who want to have their meat and eat a healthy
diet as well.
According
'^^^^Siis^SSjjjSaCSCSG^^
to
However, they
will
have
to
pay the
price.
Mike Thompson, Thompson Packing Com-
pany, Jersey Shore, buffalo meat
sells for
$8 per pound,
about four times higher than ground round.
by Renee
4
Buffalo are generally wholesome because of the
Farrell
6/^ne buffalo burger, medium-well please," orders a customer
V^ dining
at Fireplace
number means good business
this
On
his sixty-acre farm.
More
Restaurant,Tunkhannock.
one hundred restaurants nationwide feature buffalo on
and
Law
for Larry
their
than
menu,
Law, Sweet Valley.
raises a herd of thirty-eight buffalo
gathered from as far as South Dakota, primarily for slaughter.
Law
is
one of twenty-five people
buffalo for commerical purposes.
in
I
who
raise
far, I
expect fifteen to twenty returning institutions, distributors, and
wholesalers," says
anything
I
Law. "The demand
is
there. In fact,
it
far
exceeds
produce."
handled as
in
little
as possible.
and very little time,
if any, in
They spend most of their time grazing,
lot. Therefore, there is no need
growth stimulants, or subtherapeutic antibiThe American Bison Association has even passed a resolution
the feed
for hormones, artificial
otics.
opposing the use of such substances
Proper treaunent of buffalo
concern over nutrition, buffalo-rearing
essential to the rearing business.
it is
always better
to practice
of the buffalo, a watchful eye must be kept for internal
parasites. Parasitized animals will
protein source in maintaining the physical health of the Native
are used to prevent parasitism.
inserted in the feed
produce poor quality meat.
and water or injected intravenously,
Now it returns as a lean red meat source with all
the important characteristics today's health conscious
consumer
demands. Research conducted by the National Buffalo Association
and the American Bison Association indicates that buffalo, as a red
is
is
Danville, notes, "With any animal,
Wormers,
meat,
of buffalo for
prevention as opposed to practicing 'puttingout fires.'" Specifically,
may be the "thing to do." Historically, buffalo served as an important
American Indians.
in the production
Dr. Patricia Kitchen, a veterinarian at Leighow Veterinary Hospital,
in the case
With the recent increase
they are
meat.
have retailed so
Pennsylvania
"Of what
way
raised and handled. Because of their independent nature, buffalo are
low
surprisingly
"Hamburger meat
is
in cholesterol
25 percent
fat,"
and
Nutritional Comparison
3 oz Serving
Fat (grams)
fat.
says Law. "That's fme
if
you
CholesteroKmg)
don't expect to live past forty." Comparisons of the nuu-itional values
of buffalo have
shown
that buffalo
meat
is
low
in fat
and calories and
high in protein and nutrients. Research conducted in 1988 by inde-
pendent producer. Triple Seven Ranches, South Dakota, indicates
that a three-ounce serving
of buffalo contains 1.8 grams of
calories, 21.7 percent protein
terol.
A
calories
A
fat, 93
and 43 milligrams/100 grams choles-
three-ounce serving of beef contains 8.7 grams of
and 55 milligrams/100 grams of cholesterol.
diet
heavy
in fat
and cholesterol-rich foods
is
fat,
183
unhealthy, with
high blood cholesterol considered to be a major risk factor for
coronary heart disease and stroke. Further,
to breast
and colon cancers
—two of
fat
consumption
High-fat foods arc also loaded with calories, so the
more weight you are
likely to gain; being
more you
overweight
diabetics and those with high blood pressure.
30
is
linked
the leading killing cancers.
is
cat, the
Buffalo
Turkey
Beef
Chicken
a factor for
Research conducted by
Dr.
M. Marchello, University
of North
Dakota
Spectrum
—
Commcrical feed
mills also
trace of the mineral
recommend
Sclinium be present
the animal.
This assures that
experience
little
iJie
a
anda
faster rate. Fat acts as
in
must
first
bulTalo will
trouble with calving,
Law
fore the cooking process of the protein begins.
Consequently, the low
buffalo insures that
says.
Becoming involved
in the
production of
meat for consumption requires one
the basics in understanding
tlie
to
know
buffalo.
Ac-
an insulator; heat
penetrate this insulation layer be-
The
age of
quality of
tlic
it
will
meat
is
content of
fat
cook
Bloomsburg Veterinary Hospital,
more muscle and
large animal care requires
more energy than
mals. "Animals at
the care of smaller anithat size tend to
buffalo and the condition of the
mesticated, buffalo
still
as docile
and
insist
ing,
wannth on
buffalo]
is
In fact,
[for
it
herd size
1
.3
at
a lower temperature
will increase his
mosUy because of
acres of land per animal unit. With one
in
at
S2,200
herd size are doubtful
thirty years ago.
specialist in
after being discharged
sued a career
in
because of physical
Vietnam War, he pur-
banking.
In the late 1800's, buffalo
buffalo meat.
the same, nor
As a
is
every cut of
buffalo gets older,
its
muscles become stronger, more coarse
until
that.
disability during the
is
in
Law
Law served as a foreign
the U.S. Army for 17 years, and
1988. Prior to
produce."
I
every buffalo
except
Law
land restriction. State law requires there be
nature, ihcy will not hesitate to react if they
that of beef,
that
near future,
did not start hisbuffalo-rearing business
though buffalo are not mean animals by
"The best philosophy is to always give
room," says Law.
Buffalo is cooked in a manner similiar to
in the
Sweet Valley nearly
far
"they are not a bunch of milk cows." Al-
herd.
al.so sells the
Raising buffalo has been a long time dream
exceeds anything
Law, emphasiz-
a buffalo
and
of Law. Although he bought the land
on entering the fenced
In the breeding season, buffalo can be
sells
considering Law's budget.
there.
maintain wild char-
dangerous, aggressively protecting their
sleigh rides,
per acre, additions
"The demand
be more
feci threatened.
He
skulls as wall hangings.
and the average price of farmland
when people label them
area unaccompanied," says
ways.
buffalo being equivalent to two animal units
while they have become semi-do-
acteristics. "I cringe
profits in other
Chances are slim
buffalo prior to processing. Naturally, not
unruly," he says.
And
Law
tanned buffalo hides, often worn as robes for
faster.
dependent on the
cording to Dr. Michael DeMiirco, a vctcriniirian at
meat,
were danger-
ously close to extinction; only a few hundred
could be found
in the
United States.
resulting in a tough, stringy piece of meat. If
Today, over 80,000 roam on the private
and public lands of this country. Buffalo no
good condition, however, the
longer are rare national treasures, but are a
the buffalo
meat
is
in
will reflect in tenderness
In addition to profits
and
flavor.
from selling buffalo
flourishing breed that are
lar
food source.
becoming a popu-
S
(Dog
Qont
Sficirp
Large or Small
We Groom Them All
•Pet Supplies
•Pet Food
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&
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Graduate of New York School
of Dog Grooming
Phone
tor
Appointment
387-8711
Spring-Summer 1991
31
Photo by Jennifer Stetanick
College students share their view of the
world with area children
He took his idea to Bob Peiffer, Protestant
by Jennifer Stefanick
Campus
Ten children standing
in a
small circle
held hands, their arms entwined.
You
Minister and Volunteer Services
Coordinator at Bloomsburg University. Peiffer
suggested that Wilson talk with a group of
who were just
could see their smiles and hear their laughter
students
as they tried to get themselves untangled.
called the
They were playing
six
while
it
the "knot
might seem
were actually
learning valuable lessons about
The children,
for thirty or forty first-year
"These fun
activities
students of the
present the children with challenges to
Bloomsburg Middle School,
"It's a great
students to
work one-on-one with
Many
children said these study sessions
"They're enjoying
them
to
with challenges to
overcome."
The group
for large
gets together every
the
name
for the
"these people
acronym
SHARE as
group because he believes
who arc working with the kids
are incredibly busy and under an awful lot of
pressure, but they
still
have time
themselves with the kids."
32
to share
two weeks
activities,
ranging from pizza parties to hayrides, are
After speaking with the group, he
designed "to teach the children how to inter-
faces," he recalls.
the
is pri-
college students designed to teach leadership
counselor of Bloomsburg Middle School,
He chose
only secon-
SHARE
group projects. These
then approached the principal and guidance
in 1983.
like
marily designed as a "mentoring project."
act in large
August 1990.
He patterned the program after Second Mile
in Stale College, a group he had worked with
is really
dary, according to Peiffer.
remembers
knot game.
in
t
come."
Tutoring, however,
who were willing to help. Wilson and Peiffer
SHARE
'
ing programs twice a week, that will get
present the children
found himself with about twenty students
started
and they look forward
coming to school, and we have these study-
skills.
Wilson
it
Davis says. "Maybe if they don
be fun, but you should also look
lenges in a positive manner."
the older
are their favorite part of the program.
overcome," he says. "They learn that life can
at chal-
says,
chance for the middle school
students and receive special attendon."
to it,"
life.
Bloomsburg
Middle School, were brought together by
Students Helping Adolescents Reach Excellence (SHARE), founded by Andy Wilson, a
secondary education/history major at
Bloomsburg University. "These fun activities
week course
and games on
like fun
the surface, these children
game," and
finishing a program
Freshman Leadership Program, a
selor at
who provided him
with a
list
of children
who
would best benefit from the program, children who might not receive this kind of
special attention at home.
One of the
things
children with their
after school.
SHARE does is help the
homework
twice a
week
Laura Davis, guidance coun-
group settings," says Wilson. He
the first time they played the
"It
was great to see the kids'
"They were having a
great time and enjoying the heck out of
trying to figure out
And, when they
tangled, there
how
to get untangled.
finally got themselves un-
was a shout and applause as
The
they patted each other on the back."
lessons are subtle, and the children
may not
even consciously pick up on them, but
Spectrum
Wilson believes ihey will
all
of
still
benefit from
"These kids are old enough
this.
that
ihcy will be able to lake these kinds of expe-
riences and hopefully apply thcrn to other
aspects of their lives," he says.
The volunteers arc not supposed to discuss
the children's personal
problems with them;
however, Michelle Hirsch, one of the student
volunteers and program coordinator for the
group, says, "I like
to
you, and
it
when
the kids open up
think the children like
I
it
that
we're there to say, 'Hey, you're a good kid.'"
who become
Volunteers
suspicious of seri-
ous problems with any of the children are
encouraged
inform Davis.
to
The group's biggest problem
right
now
is
a lack of funds, whicii often causes transportation
problems. They hope to do some fundbut rely on donations for now.
raising,
Domino's
is
among
the participating busi-
nesses, donating fourteen pizzas
and
them
to
Bloomsburg allows
use their property at no charge.
"These problems," says Peiffer, "arc nothing
that
money
can't solve. There's
no shortage
S.H.A.R.E., helps Jim
excited to be around us that
it's
Another problem the group has
is
conU'ol-
"The kids
are so
hard to
control them," says Wilson, "but, we're getting
much
better."
According
to
Wilson,
Hirsch has worked with children txjfore and
is
"outstanding" with them. In addition, the
games they play help capture the
of good will or expertise."
ling the children's energy.
of
attention
and channel
their
children's
energy into one
direction.
The group is slowly gaining more volunword of its existence spreads. Right
now they have about forty volunteers. Wilson
says he
is
carpet
ceramic
•
hardwood
•
remnants
"very encouraged by the number of
volunteers from the University," and
ing to expand the
is
look-
number of middle school
children involved. PresenUy, there are about
program, but there are
Your Business
Need Us!"
•
math homework.
teers as
"Here Where You
!
•
with his
thirty children in the
We Have You
Covered
Andrews
sixty
cans of soda for a pizza party; the First
Presbyterian Church of
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Andy Wilson, founder
Is
Our Business
tile
With thorough and
personalized service.
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OFFICES
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112E. Main
St.
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
(717)784-4323
33
by the
have positive long term effects on many of
the middle school children. "Many of these
Although the project is new, the volunteers
some minor changes in
kids have never been challenged with the
about
How
more on
fifty
the list provided
middle school.
are able to point out
about
ence I've seen is that during the very first ses-
differendy. If you help people dream a dream
we
did, the kids
were a
leged to be a part of the project."
to
advan-
tages for the volunteers involved with
good
price, think Perkins'Family
Restaurant. For breakfast, lunch, or
dinner, count on-Perkins to
plate
fill
your
without emptying your wallet.
187 Central
"It
gets
you away from the
books, and it's a perfect way to build a
resume," he says. But Wilson believes the
most satisfying thing about being a volunteer
is being there for someone else. "After a
while," he says, "when you start to see the
kids' faces react in such a positive way, you
stop doing
Dr.,
it
for yourself,
and begin doing
it
overcome
the problems they en-
chaos
—
this
counter.
He compares
life to the
"knot game"
by saying,
"It's basi-
cally a circle that's col-
lapsed
If that
itself in chaos.
were
to
happen
—
if your being
you
were to collapse in
simple game shows the impor-
tance of people
to
who
are there with
you
to
help you get untangled."
Although
that small circle often entwined
children might
seem
on the surface,
to
be
it's really
all
fun and
games
much more.
It's
children learning they really can succeed,
they really can solve problems. All they need
for them."
Bloomsburg
(717)784-1140
teach the children is that they
tries to
really can
Wilson points out
you're hungry for a good meal at
Wilson believes the most important lesson
SHARE
you help people
dream a dream, and
you give them
dreams, you give
them life itself."
be a part of
SHARE.
itself."
hopes
''If
SHARE.
that there are
and you give them dreams, you give them life
the
at
middle school will
want
He
end of the school year, many other
students
a
bit suspicious,"
Peiffer says, "but now they feel kind of privi-
that by the
When
idea of achieving excellence," he says.
"Hopefully, now, they might set their sights
sion
lunch?
"The biggest
differ-
the children's attitudes.
Peiffer believes the project will eventually
is
a
little
help getting untangled.
S
NAPOLI PIZZA
of Bloomsburg
387-0511
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Hidden
Blue
Ribbons
HoIIqui
Sharing a lifetime of experience
with the county's young riders
by Jennifer
Moon
talent for
riders.
Paula
Hosking
is in
business to support
her habit. Although her lifestyle involves
long hours, low pay, and work in the out-
doors
all
year long, Hosking, Benton,
"wouldn't trade
it
—
young
riding led her to start an Equine Explorers 4H
Hosking, early instruc-
Club and, later, a Pony Club. Her next project
the early instruction of
According
to
have
was with the Northeastern Pennsylvania
the training to be able to pursue any kind of
English Riding Club, which was created to
tion is important so that the students will
riding
when
they are older.
The job
Running the farm, instructing students,
and supporting them at shows are all demanding. Work on the farm begins around 6
hard for
be tedious, she says,
some of her clients
But they
boring but
it's
time-consuming."
to afford to
all
find a
way
to
In 1984, a car accident
and language
ended both her
next two years recovering. During that time,
she sold a few horses and saw her daughter,
that's acceptable."
to fit
Benton from
much time, and she had
Pony Club and the Equine Explorers Club. While working as a trainer,
Paula was also giving riding lessons at the
to leave the
work at the farm and her riding lessons. Her
neck was fractured and Hosking spent the
who Hosking had been
since she
Hidden Hollow Farms began with the nine
when they moved
job began to take too
of values and behavior
riding into their budgets or schedules.
with them
herself,
other farm.
pay
horses Paula and her husband Bill brought
Before going into business for
Hosking spent several years working at an
area farm, training Arabian horses. But the
"I insist on a standard
for lessons, while others can't afford the time
to take lessons.
"it isn't
and styles of riding.
She says horses are "the great equalizers,"
and are notjust for the rich. Hosking says it's
Riding Club for
of shows. Hosking also enters some shows.
teaching students to ride them.
different types of horses
and shows. She had
in the
work. Teaching young students can
rider's
She has been a riding instructor since age 17.
Over the years, Hosking has become an experienced instructor and trainer for many
been heavily involved
about five years, which now sponsors a series
Hosking's habit and business at Hidden
Hollow Farms is horses. For thirty years now
she's been boarding them, training them, and
Hosking began riding when she was a
child and never outgrew her love of horses.
establish riding clinics
of a
moment
lessons and supervising every
for the world."
requires
a lot of padence, repeating instructions in
was
four,
training as a rider
become a 4H state riding
champion.
a.m.
He
when
Bill
does the
first shift
of chores.
feeds and waters the horses and brings
For a while, Hosking didn't know if she'd
to ride again and once she started, she
be able
New Jersey. Two trips with a friend's trailer
them
moved
those nine horses which included
about 8:30 p.m. when Paula has finished giv-
utes before she got too dizzy and had to get
Paula's two riding horses, a few pairs of
ing lessons and supervises the last shift of
off.
and a pony for the children.
mares and
foals,
For about
fifteen years, they raised horses
and sold about
of time and
of them. But
money
Hoskings had
more lime
six
takes a lot
to raise horses,
to stop raising
for their
it
own
and the
horses to have
children.
Children are an important part of her busi-
in
from the pastures. The day ends
chores. During the day, she
trainer,
is
assisted
by a
Carol Brookhart, Danville, who trains
horses and prepares them for lessons, and a
retired fanner,
who
helps with
work
in the
Determination
she loves
made
to return to the activity
her lengthen the time she
could spend on horseback each day.
She returned
to training
and
instructing
riders at the other farm, but that job also took
a lot of time and left her with little time for her
barn.
In her thirty years as a rider,
ied
could only stay on the horse for about 20 min-
Hosking stud-
many different styles of riding, including
family.
She
left the job,
but
all
her students
continued to take their riding lessons with
now
Hosking's
own
ness since Hosking likes to concentrate her
dressage, jumping, cross-counU"y, western,
her, only
efforts on the area she thinks she has a special
and Enghsh. As an
Rae Kurland, Danville, drives nearly 50 miles
36
adult, her
enthusiasm for
at
farm. Mrs.
Spectrum
—
.
round
irip to Uikc her son Tom, 14, who hopes
become a professional rider, lo his lessons
those standards arc asked to leave. Ho.sking
to
believes her job
with Hosking. Kurland says, "I'd drive a lol
ride or perform well in shows, she also wants
absolutely the most marvelous teacher.
more tlian 50 miles to slay with her. She's just
Her
Ihem to be well-rounded and responsible.
Hosking says they "don't measure success in
background and experience make her a su-
terms of winning ribbons."
perb professional." Kurland likes that
Hosking
"is
winning
horses, not just
ribbons."
The business at Hidden Hollow has grown
quickly, but
margin
still
to
winning ribbons."
are well-trained.
anybody but
[her]
own
check-
around. They have to
who owns Hosking ConsUuction, Inc.,
outdoor riding arena and expanded the
were added
to the
who
The
chances or
wear approved
riding
conventional indoor job, says that
work
if
•Hamsters
•Rabbits
•Fish
what she could possibly do for four hours that
night.
Bloomsburg Agway
9th
& Iron Streets
such demand that "they were sold before
the animals she's loved since childhood at a
Mon.-Thurs. 8-6
doors were on."
Hidden Hollow Farms covers almost forty
job where she "can't give less than 110
The
eight horses, fifty students, four dogs, five
in
the
acres divided into five fenced pastures.
60
ft.
X 120
lighted indoor ring, with and
ft.
attached observation
room
So
SaLS^'Sun.
•
Fri.
X 170
ft.
ft.
10-2
^M IK
l^^^l ^^
cats,
and forty acres of green
fields.
S
AGWAY(
complete with a
CONTEMPORARY
CRYSTAL
outdoor ring encloses
obstacles for jumping.
8-8
percent," surrounded by her family, twenty-
wood-burning stove, allows students to practice and families to watch in any weather.
The 110
Lizards
"Also complete line of
pet products & Supplies."
784-1822
Hosking, were
&
•Birds
instead of a 9 lo 5 job, she works with
original nineand, according to
•Kittens
she
wonders
early, she
.
•Guinea Pigs
•Puppies
fool
wouldn't be happy with a
finishes her day's
featuring.
A-1 condi-
helmets and hard-soled shoes."
Hosking,
old barn. Fifteen stalls
in
and the horses
students can't take
their
Benton, built fences, a reviewing stand for
the
tion,
Pet Store
full line
Hosking "the equip-
ment is
book."
Bill,
ensure their
According to
success in terms of
wide. But Hosking likes that she "doesn't
answer
safety.
don't measure
not very
is
to
is
"We
lo
Part of her responsibility to the students
concerned
with the welfare of the
profit
more than leaching kids
is
!
The
obstacles were
and some of Paula's students and
built by Bill
were painted by the Hosking family.
A mile-
long cross-counu-y course follows the treeline
across
two
fields
and includes eight perma-
nent jumps.
Paula says part of the satisfaction she gels
from being an instructor
is
"selfish,
being around kids and [giving lessons]
way of keeping
I
like
is
one
kids around." She's con-
cerned about the children she has as students
and expects a
lot
The
Hometown Bank
.
Thia Progrese crystal chandeiier
Nobody Does
of them.
Since the whole purpose of the farm
cation, the students are taught to tack
is
edu-
up
their
It
Better!
prisms add elegartce. .^
"*
Just one ot the
many Progress
designs on display
in our six>wroom.
We invite you lo
come see them all.
horse for a lesson even though they don't
have
to
do
it
themselves.
group lessons
is
The base
rate for
$12 whether the student
boards a horse there or rides one of Hosking's.
Boarding a horse for one month costs $200,
which Hosking says includes
"total care"
FIRST
SUPPIY,
Div. of
and
iX:
BLOOMSBURC ELECTR:CAL
(,().
feeding, cleaning, calls to the veterinarian or
blacksmith, and
as
a
1
We feature
=
COLUMBIA
^S
B.VNK &TKl'ST
Is
contemporary as tcxJay. Delk:acy of line is in the
finely drawn arms and slim bot>eche8. 24k gold ove
solid bfass is qualrty. Strass hand-cut lead crystal
INC
Friedman
Electric Co.
access to all the fields, rings,
trails.
Paula insists on a certain "standard of values and behavior and language that's acceptable,"
and students
who
Spring-Summer 1991
(717)784-9488
1=1
800-222-9203
Fri. 8-8 Sat. 8& t^sTERCARD Accepted
Moh-Thurs. 8-5
Visa
can't conform to
37
Fleetwood
Industries,
a local motor
manufacturer,
many
of
is
its
home
leaving
toughest
competitors in the dust
picture.
by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen
Demographics point out
that these people will
have the
discretionary dollars to spend on recreation.
Dan Danglovitch began
When
he was
about
new job seventeen years ago,
He maintains that same at.
"The cost of many of the vacation packages of today's market will
make a down payment on a recreational vehicle," says Adelsburger.
a shop foreman in the service dcparunent at the
An
Fleetwood motor homes plant in Paxinos, near Elysburg, one of
RV
titude today.
large
his
the prospects
excited
six plants
He
is
nationwide that manufacture 21- to 55-feet motor homes.
and worked all stations on the production
lines," Danglovitch says. "People from the region are all good crew
members and put a lot of quality in their work. They care and they take
"I started out in set-up
pride in their work," he says.
exciting to sec
"Even
new models come
after seventeen years,
it is still
off the line."
Motor homes, best described as living quarters on wheels,
economy
by the fact that one of the largest plants
in a Fortune 500 company is located in
are
strongly linked to the local
"Even
this area.
The
plant
is
the third largest of 47
in the giant corporation
erside, Ca.
It is
one of
based
six
in
indication of the potential for the 1991 market
show
in Harrisburg.
strong by both dealers and the public.
have continued
"The consumer," he
at
exciting to see
models come off the
new
line."
State,
Adelsburger notes.
Models of the various Paxinos
change dramatically about every
and decor
in fabrics
interest high.
sellers in the recrea-
170,000 square foot
One
are
employed
in the
facility.
of every three
RV's
sold in the United States
a Fleetwood
is
product and annual sales continually top one billion dollars. Sales
figures include
all
products of the
company
including manufactured
"The market has been
stable for the past six years," according to
Joe Adelsburger, product sales manager. The market is basically tied
to interest rales
and the economy
provide sales impetus since nearly
in general.
all
Low
interest rates
motor homes are financed.
Adelsburger believes that the next several years should bring a strong
38
ride suspension.
The
The baby boomers, he
says, are entering the
economic
to
keep consumer
models are
intro-
to the chassis
such
basic chassis has an
Chevrolet 454 cubic inch displacement or Ford 460
—
—automatic transmission and body frame.
engine,
v-8
more
cither a
Hundreds of "raw" body frames are parked
housing.
market.
New
duced sometime between July 15 and August 1.
The process begins with any special alterations
as the addition of
units
three
to four years, with slight annual changes
motor homes, top
About 450 people
is
a healthy level."
plants involved in the manufacture of
tional vehicle industry.
says,"
The plant in Paxinos services about 150 dealers on the east coast
from Maine to Florida. About one-third of the company's sales volume comes from Florida. Sales are strong year-round, says
Adelsburger, but this was not always the case. "The big change," he
says, "came when the large Florida
market developed." The early 1980's
saw the market expand in the Sunshine
Riv-
Fleetwood
was September's
was
to Adelsburger, interest
very resilient in spite of the trouble in the Middle East. Retail sales
after seventeen years,
it is still
According
waiting their turn on the assembly
line.
in front
of the factory
Adelsburger says the firm
must keep eight to twelve weeks of inventory on hand to offset any
problems that might arise. It lakes up to six months for delivery from
Ford or Chevrolet and a problem from one of those plants could halt
production of the chassis or a surprising upturn
mean
in
business could
a shortage at the Paxinos facility.
Spectrum
jj
Paxinos can produce forty to sixty units
per week.
home
to
takes three days for a motor
It
complete
shaped assembly
ing,
its
circuit
line.
on a horseshoe
All wiring, plumb-
and basic features begin the phases as
the unit is
stage
is
moved from
Inventory bodies
stage to stage. Final
the paint locker and, after a factory
completed units are driven
test drive, the
homes
for the
are
kept on hand
to
The
by professional
origin of the
drivers.
motor home
is
some-
what clouded, but almost from the invention
of the "horseless buggy"
all
"homemade" variety.
The founder of Fleetwood
recalls
how
were of
built living quarters
line
'
'
^**^- -O-^^
S£^^
from
Detroit.
tlie
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Crcan
He piirlayed his success into making travel
an Irish Immigrant,
on the back of a 1925
Model T truck chassis.
TheCrean family wandered through several states, starting in North Dakota and
ending in California. The trip took an entire
year. Crean began what was to become a
giant corporation in the late 1940s by manufacturing Venetian blinds for RVs. At that
time RVs were built one at a time with
assembly
v-'"v
enterprises,
attest to this fact.
his father,
\
some variation has
1950's when they
been around. Until the
began to be mass-produced,
John Crean, can
^^^^
because takes
six months to u^-^^s^^
order new ones
it
the dealerships
-Z^^^^i
manufacturing appearing
in
trailers
and despite some rough going
1950s, he has constantly expanded
all
to
in tiic
include
facets of the manufacture of recreation ve-
hicles
and
According
to the firm's
annual report,
THE
BON*TON
out the United States. First-time drivers of
motorhomes
Camp
own a recreational vehicle. An RV could
through"
.
lies
be a self-propelled unit
built
on an automo-
tive chassis, travel trailer or folding trailer,
with the
latter
two designed
usually havcafearof their size,
to
be towed by
how
easily they handle on
the road.
nearly eight million U.S and Canadian fami-
another vehicle.
the 1950s.
to
but are amazed at
components.
their
devoted
camp
sites, many of them
motor homes, are located through-
Thou.sands of
sites usually
sites so that
back up or do a
and out of the
lot
have several "pull
it is
not necessary to
of maneuvering getting
sites.
Fees for their use arc
in
far
below thoseof motels and when you consider
the costs, along with eating out, the
economy
Everything For The
Serious Sportsman
Whatever The Game
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COLUMBIA AIRCRAFT
Style
SERVICES, INC.
F.A. A. APPROVED
Columbia Mall
Bloomsburg
784-7628
REPAIR
STATION NO. JM2R930K
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II
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Bloomsburg Municipal Airport
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
717-784-3070
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Spring-Summer 1991
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William R. Barstlcr. President
39
The appeal of a motor home
centers on
the concept that it is a self-contained mobile
unit with living quarters. Sleeping, cooking,
and dining
its
own
facilities are
provided and
electrical, water,
has
it
and sewage
sys-
tem.
Depending on the price, most models have
an electric generator which makes it pos-
"camp" almost anywhere. Extras
sible to
available include television and stereo sys-
tems, microwave ovens, air conditioning,
mobile telephones, leveling jacks, canopies,
and security systems.
Heetwood motor homes range in retail
price from about $30,000 to $100,000 with
most units retailing for under $60,000. Prices
depend on specifications of the various
models and the options selected by the consumer.
There are eight different brands manufac-
by Fleetwood in its six plants devoted
motor homes. Paxinos builds four models
tured
Motor homes,
like
the 1991 Cambria, are equipped with the latest conveniences,
including refrigerators, microwaves,
of a motor
home
trips are the
Pace Arrow Southwind, Bounder and Flair.
But elsewhere are Cambria, Limited, Tioga
and showers.
-
Vacaand fishing
and a growing number of people, especially
most common uses of these
The lure of the open road, convenience of camp sites and the economy of
motor home living combine to convince
people to spend money on an RV.
is
more
attraclive.
tioning, sight-seeing, hunting,
units.
Ownership of motor homes is divided between those who have permanent residence
retirees,
to
who
use their
homes
to travel
with
the seasons.
,
and Jamboree.
The newest model,
duced
in the spring
Flair ranked
it
was
the Flair,
intro-
of 1989. Sales of the
eighth among all motor homes
sold in 1989, according to Fleetwood's annual report.
"Popularity of the lower priced, full-sized
&
"JA.
Perfect 10"
!A(aU and Skin Care
unit is attributed in part to
newness,"
its
Adelsburger says. Fleetwood considers the
Hair as
its
basic, entry-level model.
The other division of the Fleetwood company, manufactured housing, outsold
all
other companies in 1989, capturing nearly
seventeen percent of the market. Fleetwood
had 28.6 percent of the market in motor
homes in 1989; Winnebago, theclosest competitor,
«x»Ni*turat
Hanicuresoa
had 17.1 percent. Coachman cap-
tured 8.1 percent.
Company executives are planning for continued growth in both recreational vehicles
«x»Pectvcures''o
and manufactured housing divisions over
the next several years. "Plantexpansions are
underway, or completed to
meet anticipated demands due to the influx
either planned,
Family Restaurant
and Ice Cream Parlour
of the baby boomer market," according to
Adelsburger.
33 E. Main
St.,
coBack ?tassages«x»
Bloomsburg
784-8079
for the
Cadllsrroday
10%
Discount on
Any Meai
|
1101 OCd'Benincfi'Rffad
'BCoomsSur0, 'PA
is
noted
facility.
Plant manager Stan Haines explains that
17815
its
17-year existence. In 1980, a 40,000-foot
addition
added
40
Paxinos
the area plant has been updated twice in
784 -S3 18
I
Although several plants will be expanded,
mostly on the west coast, nothing
was
built
in 1985.
and 60,000
feet
were
S
Spectrum
B.U. Fraternities:
At Work For You
Beta Sigma Delta
Supporting the American Cancer Society
and tlie Leukemia Foundation
Gamma Epsilon Omicron
Supporting the American Cancer Society
Phi Sigma Xi
Supporting the Ronald McDonald House
and Big Brother -Little Brother
Sigma Iota Omega
Supporting the Danny Appleton Medical Fund
Tau Kappa Epsilon
Supporting the Special Olympics
Theta Chi
Supporting the American Red Cross
and Ronald McDonald House
Pi Kappa Phi
Supporting P.U.S.H. and S.H.A.R.E.
Delta Pi
Supporting the American Red Cross, Adopt- A-Highway
and the American Cancer Society
Bloomsburg
University
Interfratemity Council
The Art of Learning
For artist-teacher Stewart Nagel, developing students' creative abiUty
Serigraphy.
Collagraphy.
Lithography.
These terms may not be in the
"That process of
his students.
communication is my motivation
for teaching, and I believe the
them
in his
everyday
life
through his own creative art processes, or the
ones he attempts
to
tributes his creative nurturing to
provides that outlet, that kind of
living in
part of the joy of the
enjoyment," says Nagel. "My interest in learning
creative process."
Nagel's most recent work,
November
exhibited last
in the
new
ideas
is
and exploring
not specifically
limited to a particular process in
the areas of drawing, spe-
with charcoal, collagra-
white charcoal drawings of semi-
dividual.
cifically
phy
To examine
"I think
art,
Nagel's artistic commitments
lie in
a high priority for me.
Haas Gallery on the Bloomsburg
University campus, consisted of
a collection of large, black and
bring out in his students.
also holds abstract
options that are not
students
applies
He
supportive family, Nagel also at-
man, but artist/teacher Stewart
Nagel, Bloomsburg, not only
knows what they mean, but he
is
works by Picasso in high regard.
Nagel says he had a lot of opportunities growing up to develop
his creativity. Along with a very
nal imagery
enjoys.
when I refer to a kind
nurturing of creative ideas in
obvious,
nor to a particular art histori-
print is
having the opportunity
and
to attend
a high school which specialized
in
music and
art education.
He
myself as an interdisciplinary in-
educational experiences" from
see the beauty and ex-
The Cooper Union School of Art
I
and the Pratt
uted in his
Institute contrib-
artistic
development.
The subject matter in Nagel's
work is primarily figurative, and
in some cases he has incorpo-
from which a
made), serigraphy (other-
known
wise
art lessons as a youngster,
also says that his "challenging
I
and creating a
textural impression
New York City, visiting
museums and galleries, having
tend to think of
cal period.
(the process of gluing ob-
jects to a surface
priority
of energy and excitement, art
everyday vocabulary of the lay-
is
my
and energies he
main
his
is
as silk screening),
in
rated Biblical themes along with
which the image to be printed is
drawn on stone or metal, and
an abstract expressionist style. "I
will retain ink).
printmaker," says Nagel, point-
mension of the subconscious and
imagery which might be comprised of natural and supernatu-
ing out, "printmaking
ral
and lithography (the process
treated so that
it
attempted to incorporate a
"Basically I'm a teacher and
is
a fine art
And
forms," he says.
Nagel began teaching on a
experience which parallels
sculpting or painting.
di-
college level at
the
Howard Univer-
Washington, D.C.,
in
1968,
technical processes in printmak-
sity,
would include relief, intaglio, serigraphy, and lithogra-
and came
to
to nurture the creative
Bloomsburg University in 1972, where he served
as chair of the Department of Art
from 1985 to 1990.
"The primary purpose of my
ing
phy."
Nagel has produced two fine
art limited edition
books of
scrigraphs, and has written
on collagraph printmaking.
"I
think the excitement of
being involved
process
is
in
the creative
the basic reason for
wanting to participate
A
detail
from Nagel's work "The Dream"
his
abook
me
in it," says
Nagel considers
citement of various disciplines,
teaching
"abstract expressionism" to be
including music, literature, as
potential of students," he says,
well as science and math."
noting, "I help them develop their
abstract figures.
the style
most closely identified
"My works con-
with his work.
cern an inherent rhythm," he
says.
"The works deal with
the
human
Nagel. "I think thckind of energy
relationship between
and rewards become obvious
beings and their environment."
from being involved
ess.
There
is
in the
proc-
also a great deal of
enjoyment from the products that
are a result of the experience."
Nagel says he enjoys communicating and interacting with
l2
Nagel's influence
in abstract
Nagel says he appreciates the
inter-relationship of the disci-
He
says they are
whose
vis-
a histori-
to
experience and create works
art."
ergy that transposes into the en-
being a college professor which
joyment of
provides him with an opportu-
artistic
experiences.
teractions,
specific individuals
in
their ability
of
Willem Dc
Kooning, Mark Rothko, and
Franz Kline.
framework, and
He also believes athletics
"One's environment, one's
artists,
understanding of art
cal
and sports provide a kind of en-
plines.
expressionism stems from three
of his favorite
is
begin
in-
and one's experiences
to bring out
some of
this
basic spirit of people," he says.
The
oldest of three children.
nity to
tistic
Nagel
broaden
says he enjoys
his personal ar-
commitment and
and develop
his
to refine
philosophy of
leaching.
—JANE MEHLBAUM
Spectrum
<^^^
C'
TiS
LQQMSDURfi
TOWN
The only
in
Pennsylvania
A NICE PLACE TO
-
Downtown Bloomsburg
-
Bloomsburg Airport
-
Historic District
-
-
Bloomsburg University
Bloomsburg School District
Bloomsburg Town Park
Susquehanna River Recreation
Bloomsburg Fair
Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble
Bloomsburg Daycare Center
-
Numerous
-
-
>
-
Cultural
GROW UP
.
.
;
•
•
.
•
•
•.
•
•
•
''.•t.i'^z?.
•if•1<^'cf'
••
•..-'.
Wi-Vt
.:.'.. -"-/.sm
*=.••••("?:?•''=:
).•-
lS'1il^»^Y^^«•
m
•.•••'•
.
& Recreational Activities
••,•••..
•••'
•
*
>".iW«(
..'.•'.tii.
Your Council
Working To Meet Your Needs
GEORGE H. HEMINGWAY, MAYOR
COUNCIL MEMBERS:
;A--.V
STEVE BECK
RICHARD CONNER
DR.
;•:&
THOMAS EVANS, JR.
ED KITCHEN
CHARLES LEARN, JR.
FLORENCE THOMPSON
&^!^r^\
National Arbor Day Foundation
has designated
Bloomsburg
^rf^
as a
Tree Citv
;-i
USA
J
Working to Make
Bloomsburg Better
Stony Brook Mobile
Home
Sales
Stony Brook Mobile
Home
Park
E-Z Clean Car Washes
Odds
& Ends Market
•Pennsdale Meats*
Husky Housing
Building Lots
Call us today for more information
about our services
Construction Co
784-6578
Winter 1991-1992
The Magazine
for
Vol. 5 No. 2
Columbia and Montour counties
SPECIAL JREPORT:
Child Cusi
WhoWin^
WhoLos'^
Big news on campus from The
BomTon
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THE BON^TON
Service With
A
Style
The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties
Winter 1991-1992 Vol.
5,
No. 2
All-American Magazine, Associated Collegiate Press
Medalist Award, Columbia Scholastic Press Association
First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists
Second Place/National, Society of Collegiate
Mommies
I
One woman relives
n
Can't Cry by Judy Kosman
6
a nightmare to fight for her daughter's rights
Daddy's
m
JournalisLs
Little Girls? by
Mike Mullen
Despite conventional wisdom, one father says they are, and
isn't
afraid to say
why
Caught In The Crossfire by Jennifer Stefanick
Often used as pawns in custody battles, the children suffer most
IV
Sometimes, when families
V
While weighing
Where Love And Law Collide
Balancing The Scales
VI
vn
vin
deteriorate, the
by Pat Trosky
courtroom becomes the
battlefield
Of Justice byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey
the children's welfare, lawyers fight for their clients' interests
A Battle Of Experts by Ellen Condron
Court-appointed therapists don't always have
all
the answers
Searching For Solutions by Dan Trexler
To speed up
the process, parents often get trapped in a rhaze of agencies
Changuig The Channel by Matt Malinowski
Except in the most:^xtreme
The Break-up
/^About The Cover:^
Families involved in
situations, the
of a Family by Judy
media avoids custody cases
Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum
12
18
24
28
32
36
40
42
DEPARTMENTS
Behind the Lines
4
The Cutting Edg( -New Battle Lines Drawn by Kami Silk
Back of the Book FACEing Facts by Jane Mehlbaum
5
custody battles are
often
overwhelmed
by the court system.
Photo by Marlyse Heaps
J
46
BEfflND THE LINES
Winter 1991-1992
Even
if
we have
custody battle first-hand, most of us
know someone who has. It affects us all.
And that's exactly why we decided the subject
was important enough
entire issue to
to
devote an
Could a magazine havepicked a touchier
But
Maybe, maybe
doesn't matter, because
it
Some seven months
child custody.
covered
the angles
all
one could
imagine, all the time using as a backdrop the
Northumberland county.
mother's story of the pain and anguish she suffered throughout the whole
specific case in
The
ordeal is reflected by Judy Kosman.
introduces us to a mother
who
is
Kosman
not just
worth
appears the court has ignored the
it
rights of the
younger daughter who wishes
to live with her
The
is
of
mom.
father's tale of
an unstable mother
by Mike Mullen. The father tells
how he experienced sex-based discrimi-
detailed
nation, but never
gave up
his fight for the
as Jane
it
Mehlbaum
man who
describes the
helps other fathers fight
them throughout the
Without
we
at
Spectrum Magazine have dazzled
see us better ourselves the very next
But this issue is completely difChild custody is not the type of
subject suitable for a mind-boggling
issue.
ferent.
So because Spectrum Magazine is
not afraid to attempt new things and
simply because we have done almost all
with a feature magazine, we
decided to try our hand at an informative/news format, the result of which is
what you have in your hands right now.
we could
at
Spectrum hope you are as happy
it
we
as
are.
As an organization, we have continued
to reap the
rewards of a successful maga-
We have been fortunate
win many
awards over the past few years, the most
recent of which was our first place finish in
zine.
the
Jennifer Stefanick introduces us to the
two daughters caught in this tug-of-war and
lets them tell their story.
New
to
England/Mid-Atlantic region of
the Society of Professional Jounalists
and a
second place finish nationally in the Society
there
we
tour the court system
Still,
it
really doesn't matter as long as
serve our readers as best
we
And
cause
Mike Mullen
SENIOR EDITOR
Judy Kosman
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Jane Mehlbaum, John Michaels,
Dan Trexler
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Ellen Condron, Donna Grajewski,
Matt Malinowski, Kami Silk,
Brian Rippey,
Jennifer Stefanick, Jim Brogna
LEGAL COUNSEL
design.
with
Walter M. Brasch
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
EDITORIAL
entire process.
a doubt, in the past
everyone with our footwork. We have
had some story designs in the past that
we thought couldn't be topped, only to
We
Vol. 5, No. 2
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
and supports
of Collegiate Journalists' competition.
children.
From
to
story of a
afraid for the children's safety, but angry
because
spilled over
two pages for the first time in
our short history. But we believe it was
we did.
ago. Spectrum
Magazine undertook what was to become
the most difficult issue to date. We became
aware of a custody battle in Northumberland
county that had every aspect of a child
custody case anyone could think of. And as
a result, the staff as a whole decided to
examine the sometimes delicate, sometimes
confusing, and always painful subject of
We
from one
for custody of their children
it.
subject than child custody?
not.
Our Back of the Book has
never experienced a
believe that
is
we
DIRECTOR
Karen Hendel
ASSOaATE DIRECTOR
Erin Martin
ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES
Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
Rich Pinterich, Renate
Ypma
BUSINESS
DIRECTOR
Dan
Trexler
MANAGER
Renate
Ypma
CIRCULATION
DIRECTOR
Sean Gregorowicz
we
can, be-
much more impor-
seems we are doing
Susan Hill
ADVERTISING
ZONE MANAGERS
Matt Belvedere, Ellen Condron,
Matt Malinowski, Rich Pinterich,
just that
Jennifer Stefanick
meet the lawyers involved
Fishbein and Brian Rippey], identify
because our circulation continues to climb
and yet another one of our stories was re-
PRODUCTION
the role of therapists [Ellen Condron], get
printed in another magazine bringing the
[Pat Trosky],
[Jeff
lost in the
confusing maze of agencies set up
[Dan Trexler], and examine the media's role in the whole process,
to help the children
if
indeed they have a role at
all
[Matt
Malinowski].
In addition,
we have our
Kami
examines the changing face of custody
how the courts have modified their
laws and
decisions over the years.
it
total to six in three years.
We
couldn't be
prouder of that accomplishment and
we sin-
cerely hope that
you share our pride, because as a reader you are the most important
The Editors
part of our magazine.
—
Spectrum Magazine
llianks the
two artists
who contributed their talents to this issue,
Jill
Seipe and Kyle Crawford.
/
"^
'Spectrum is published twice a year by the Program
in
Journalism, Bloomsburg University of^
Pennsylvania (Bloomsburg, Pa. 1 78 1 5). Single copy price is normally $2.95, with this special
issue being $ 1 .95.
No portion of Spectrum may be reprinted, including advertising, without
permission of Spectrum.
DIRECTOR
Steve Sullivan
PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS
Judy Kosman, Jane Mehlbaum,
Matt Malinowski, Dan Trexler
PRODUCTION CONSULTANTS
Jim Psik, Dick Kashner, Jim Seybert
featured de-
partments. In this issue's Cutting Edge,
Silk
tant.
ISSN 0892-9459. ©1991 SpecU-um Magazine.
PROMOTION
DIRECTOR
Kami
Silk
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
Dan Trexler
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
Erin Martin
SPECTRUM
s
THE CUTTING EDGE
with that particular parent."
to live
a parental relation-
in
concept is important, bulnow they
weigh
piness or even physical harm.
CUSTODY LAWS
the evidence accordingly.
who may
parties
want cus-
also
Emphasis was placed on
tody.
ship.
have been
In the past, parents
given a preferred status over third
New Battle Lines Drawn
standing
To uproot
stage may result
Courts belicvcthe"whole family"
According
the child at this
severe unhap-
in
to
Wilson, "This
many children.
The intensity of hurt increases with
could be \Tue for
theageofachild.Sooldcrchildem
many times more affected than
parent-child relationships due to a
are
very young children."
Child custody decisions origi-
sulted in a turnaround of custody
variety of concocted standards
nate from a history of actions
decisions. Fathers have been
originating from their supposed
Courts usually consider the
presumed to reflect traditional
American ideas of "normal" fam-
awarded child custody over moth-
paternal and maternal rights.
length of time a child has flour-
number of cases.
Courts held that unless compel-
ished in a given environment be-
ily life.
Although
earlier courts
ers in a
According
Anne Wilson,
to
ling reasons existed to the con-
would be presumed
believed their actions benefitted
Ph.D., professor of sociology,
trary,
would be con-
Bloomsburg University, "Some
the child's best interests
the children, they
sidered discriminatory
by today's
studies indicate this
may be due to
The principle followed by Penn-
coming
similar.
sylvania courts in deciding child
tionally
men have
custody cases is to determine what
cial resources than the majority
is in
the best interests of the child,
as demonstrated in
Harashack
Harashack (1979). All other
terests,
v.
in-
including the rights of con-
tending parties, are considered sec-
But
also, tradi-
force,
Anyone who
Factors to determine the child'
best interests usually include the
is
not a natural
given third-party
status.
Jordan
v.
the "natural parents are both
fit,
the
trial
court must give positive con-
who
sideration to the parent
of
are equivalent to blood strangers
been the primary caretaker."
participate in
Com-
Sometimes
joint custody is
awarded and the considerations of
are also considered third parties.
the primary caretaker are not ap-
According
to the
Supreme Court,
Pennsylvania
the current out-
look on the parental bias holds that
plicable.
Joint custody has become a
norm to which sole parent cus-
the natural parent has a prima fa-
tody orders will deviate.
elimination of sex-based discrimi-
cie or self-evident right to cus-
good success
is
has
monwealth (1980). Stepparents
asestablishedby/l/foW^/!/ vs.
a need for the
and there
ing,
Jordan
and the child is of tenderyears,
if
is
in
(1982),theSupcriorCoundecided
Grandparents, aunts, and uncles
the day-to-day rigors of child rear-
ondary.
parent
have entered the labor
many males
with
fore deciding custody opinions.
For instance,
greater finan-
women. Many times women are
economically handicapped."
Today, increased numbers of
women
lie
that
parental custody.
male and female gender roles be-
standards.
it
It
has a
because two
rate
character and fitness of the parties
nation.
To overcome this right, con-
parents intimately involved in the
seeking custody, the nature of the
and the Ellerbe decision, fathers
vincing reasons must be presented
child-rearing process compensate
proposed custodial homes, the
and mothers have equal oppor-
to
child's preference, the parenting
tunities for custody in the eyes
child will be served
of the law.
abilities
and inclinations of the
and how the child
Because of these changes
tody
.
show
the best interests of the
for the negative emotional impact
by placement
on the child caused by the divorce.
with a third party.
In a sense, the child
keep both parents." But according
always be the best
tradi tionallly believed that un-
Montgomery
County Children and Youth Ser-
greater
der ordinary circumstances, sib-
vices (1980), the maternal grand-
tendency to give mothers custody
lings should not be separated. This
parents were able to
show con-
under the Tender Years Doctrine.
idea,
why
the father's
Formerly applied by Pennsylva-
"separation of siblings presump-
nia courts, this doctrine simply
tion" or family doctrine, originated
contestants,
is
Pennsylvania
adapting to his present situation.
In the past, there
was a
courts
commonly referred to as
from
Children 14 years old or younger
and develop
were considered
successful social interaction.
years, but as they grew older,
more
including siblings
the child can learn
necessary for
times, this resulted in
Many
weight was placed on their prefer-
gaining custody of
dren, although
Hooks (1975) the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court
more beneficial for the children to
In Ellerbe v.
abandoned the tender years presumption The court noted the doc-
be
split
all
the chil-
may have been
between both parents.
In Sykora
v.
joint custody
factors," says
that they
could supply a
"It
depends on how close
each parent lives to the other, the
personality of the child, the rela-
forth.
If
both parents aren't
willing to forget existing prob-
the father could not.
lems between themselves and put
The "roots of the tree" policy
refers to judicial
that
awareness
an environment in which the
child
is
thriving should not be
disrupted unless other factors in-
better serve the child.
the child's best interests
joint custody
first,
solution."
Child custody arose from an
array of presumptions.
Time
Chief Jus-
widiin our society. Instead of fo-
Maxey originated this term
tice
to the con-
forcing a child to reside with one
a 1949 Pennsylvania
views, the court system
cept of the equality of the sexes
of the parents solely for the pur-
Court decision.
Supreme
He compared the
new
nurturing of a child to the growth
the child's best interest.
trine
was "offensive
in
which we have embraced as a
pose of keeping the siblings
constitutional principle within this
gether can be distinctly out-
of a young
jurisdiction."
weighed by the detrimental effects on that child who prefers not
Maxey, after age two the child
becomes su^ongly attached to those
In recent years, Ellerbe has re-
WINTER
1991-1992
to-
U'ce.
has
faded many of them due tochanges
courts observed "the benefits of
.
then
would not be a good
would
dicate a different setting
Sykora{\91i\ the
Wilson.
source of stability for the child that
one parent
ences.
it
not
tionship between the parents, and
that a child
skills
"The success of
depends on many
may
alternative.
so
custody of the natural mother.
be of tender
Wilson, joint custody
to
dence
atmosphere
whom
"allowed
awarded custody based on the evi-
served by placing the child in the
—
to
is
ben-
efits
in
vincing reasons
v.
a family
from the belief
dren of "tender years" were best
from growing up
the
Davenport
In
prima facie right to custody of his
8-year-old son should be overcome. The grandparents were
held that the best interests of chil-
to
also
According
to
cusing on accepted traditional
now
has
ideas about what will sen'e
-^AMI SILK
MOMMIES
CAN'T
CRY
One woman
a nightmare
relives
to fight
for her daughter's rights
Angle walked the streets of Shamokln, clutching a picture of a
little girl in
The loose bun in her long, dark hair hung
her hand.
At
18, she left her
home
in
New
Hampshire
Women who
abuse as children often find themselves
dered face of each passerby.
adults,
Nightmares of her past haunted those
young
girls
who were now
caught
math. Angle believed she
left all
moved
new
to Florida to start
a
in
streets
—
visions of the
with 19 years ago and the two
in the relationship's
stormy
life
with her youngest daughter, Julie.
in similar situations as
saysDiane Magagna, counselor at the Bloomsburg Women's
Center. For Angle, the violent cycle began again just one year after
leaving home.
Angle, then 19, met
after-
of these visions behind when she
escape an abusive
experience psychological, physical, or sexual
limp now, her face haggard from a day of searching and worry. Still,
she found the strength to thrust the wrinkled picture in the bewil-
charming married man she moved
to
stepfather.
worked as an exotic
Roy on
July 2, 1971, at a club where she
interpretive dancer.
She had been dancing
at
various clubs since leaving home.
But, when Angle received cus-
Roy, then 29, was a member
todypapersfromJulie'sfather,Roy,
of the band at the Shamokin club.
she realized the war in Pennsylvania
was
far
struggle to
Angle
from over. Instead, her
win
Julie
"Every time
Angie, young and alone, was im-
I tried to
who became
would lead
into confrontations with the
get away,
I
had to have
a master plan."
number of lawyers.
Angle's problems started at
home with what she called a physically and emotionally abusive relationship. Angle is hardly unique.
According to the Pennsylvania Coalition against Domestic Violence, batterers claim over three million victims each year in the
assaulted in their
women
each year are
own homes.
For many of them, the
battle doesn't
end when they
finally
escape the abusive environment because leaving their husbands
may
a friend.
According
to
Roy, there was
an immediate attraction between
Youth
caseworkers, psychologists, and a
court system. Children and
United States. In Pennsylvania, 800,000
pressed by the confident stranger
also mean abandoning their children.
Freedom had been an elusive dream most of her life, according
to Angle. Her experience with domestic violence began early in life.
moved
into the trailer he shared with a friend.
But, Angie wasn't the only
later,
Angie and himself. "Somehow
we knew there would be something special between us," he says.
Two or three weeks later, Angie
woman in Roy's life. Three months
she discovered he was married and had two children. He didn' t
them on occasion.
Angie remembers the confrontation and how Roy quickly
assuaged her fears. She says he set up a mock wedding ceremony in
which they exchanged self-written vows and promised each other
that they would have a genuine ceremony within three years.
Roy, however, claims neither he nor she wanted marriage. "At
that time, there was no such thing as marriage," he says. "She
live with his other family, but visited
by Judy Kosman
SPECTRUM
,
believed
more than
it
I
did.
The piece of paper
we were
didn't say
going to be together forever, and a divorce would just complicate
things with
Two
my
independence." They began to fight continually and
apartment often. "For the
was still waiting to announce their
engagement. Instead, Roy announced the birth of his son by his
wife, Mary, in August 1973. When she confronted Roy, Angle says
he insisted she was his one true love and explained he had been
on a night when she was out of town, leaving
unfaithful only once
him alone.
1974, she
their
came
Angie, Mary told a different story. In February
to the trailer to visit
marriage was
began
to
strong and
still
Angie,
Roy
who
recalls her saying
visited her often.
remember all of his absences over the past few
or three times, she says,
Roy had
left
Angie
years.
to
Angie,
how
1
will
I
Two
the trailer for
have a car or even leam
to drive.
some
neighborhood women,
Angie got her license and
So, with the help of
•^-^
really living with his wife.
a loan to buy a
J
Angie
\
car.
recalls she
and Roy argued the night
meager welfare checks and hoping
to win him back.
Roy, however, says, "I only
left her once and it was for about
one month. It might have been
six.
go and
away," she says,
Roy said he was
wasn't close to
to
"I had to have a master plan. But, Roy
showed up and ruined my plans."
On March 31, 1976, Angie gave birth to Dcni.se and decided that
it was time to win some independence.
Angie says Roy did not want her to
tried to get
She remembers spending those
times alone in the trailer, living on
it
she could
going
I
consistently
periods, but she often suspected he
longer, but
am
live?'" she says. But, she did plan to leave. "Every time
staying with his mother during these
was
how
Other thoughts haunted Angie. She wondered
afford to leave Roy. "I asked myself, 'Where
six-month intervals.
According
Roy left the
how Mary must
felt," Angie says.
Angie only really began to worry, she says, when the arguments
turned into threats. She remembers how Roy threatened her with
guns from a collection he kept. Roy, however, denies threatening
Angie at all, let alone with guns.
—
to
understood
I
have
children."
years later. Angle
According
time,
first
she drove her
(
new
car
home. She remembers
taunting, "What's the
matter, are you afraid
I'm going to
I
start to fol-
\
if I still
low you?" She says Roy,
Angie rarely worked in those
first few years with Roy. In fact,
she claims he forbade her from
getting a job, afraid she would
grabbed a pair of scissors
needed time to see
wanted to be with her."
just
attain financial
enraged by her question,
and drove
doing
years
ary 1987, Angie
pay for her half of the rent, utilities, and food. Finally, Angie
t\
weeks of begging, she
New
-.
Hampshire
„^-
\
^
called
'
"'-
^k
^
\
Roy and
i
J
not
Yet, she did eventually quit.
1975, she
left
Roy
to live
New
with her sister in
Angie, the euphoria of parenthood didn't
S he says her pregnancy
marked the first acts of violence in
had a daughter to think about and
WINTER
1991-1992
later.
When
she returned to Roy's
apartment to pick up the rest of her belongings, she
claims
Roy confronted her about
the affair.
would testify in a custody hearing
mother unless she and Denise returned
friend
—
Roy claims he never
She says he
told her his
to
prove she was an unfit
to
him immediately.
I
was
But,
said this.
Angie returned to find herself in a "living nightmare." She says
Roy continued
to see his
wife behind her back and the abuse
their
As
the relationship
became more
repressive,
Angie looked
harder for opportunities to improve herself. She pushed
attention for four years," she says.
need
continued.
last long.
relationship.
"Roy had all of my
felt the
But, her revenge backfired two
months
|
weeks later, she discovered that she was
pregnant; the father was Roy, and she begged him to take her back.
Thinking the baby might bring them together, Angie remembers eagerly returning to Roy. They moved into an apartment,
because he believed it would be better for the baby. But, according
to
together and she
-
six
one
for revenge.
|^
|
over.
to Angie, Roy had
many affairs during their time
'*'
being a quitter," she says.
was
affair with
According
-
^•"~
son commits to something or someone she should stick it out. "The
summer of
a message
left
of his good friends to spile him.
V
But, she believed that once a per-
Hampshire. About
again.
that their relationship
Then, she had an
As each year with Roy passed
Angie felt more and more used.
In the
Febru-
Roy
to live with her
'^'J
is
later, in
left
mother. During her absence, she
;
order to earn a small salary.
only thing I'm guilty of
Roy denies
This time, she took Denise and fled to
convinced Roy to allow her to
take apart-time job at a hospital
in
into the wall
this.
Two
independence.
So, she collected welfare to
says, after
it
near her head.
"Now I
starting to seek
some
Roy
to let
her work.
In April 1978, she began selling products out of her
home
for
a wicker company, quickly turning
let
me work in
things and
Over 200 Years
of Growth
it
into a thriving business.
the wicker business because
meet the larger
bills since
I
could do
"Roy
my wife
all
Denise's birth," Angle ex-
plains.
In fact.
Angle says Roy suggested that she employ Rhonda, his
oldest daughter from his marriage with Mary. During this time,
Rhonda spent much time at the trailer. Sometimes, Angle says, Roy
would take out Rhonda, leaving her to look after Denise. Lonely and
bitter. Angle ran away a few times, but always returned, afraid to
lose her daughter.
A proud past
A bright future
.
.
.
Angle gave
Roy was
Excellent schools
•
Diversified industry
•
Modem waste treatment plant
•
Planning and zoning
•
Central business district
Roy continued
Julie,
on July 16,
She says
to worsen.
is
home as
a great
daddy, but he
is
a
terrible father"
much
as possible.
He
objected
Bloomsburg University
when she began
in the fall
taking classes at
of 1982.
Roy
revitalization
explains, "It is not that I didn't want her to go to college,
was not affordable at the time." He also says that what started
out as one or two classes a week soon became full course loads and
extracurricular activities. "She was rarely ever here," he says. "If
she would have just used her head and done it logically it might have
worked out."
But Angle claims Roy plotted to end her college education. She
says he had her car towed one morning early in her third semester,
claiming it was being fixed for a problem she wasn't aware of.
However, he would not tell her where the car was or when it would
be returned. Without transportation. Angle says she was forced to
drop out of school. Roy denies this and says lack of finances forced
her to withdraw from college.
Angle's next attempt for freedom was a little more successful.
Roy worked as an insurance agent, so Angle convinced him to let
her start working in his office. Here, Roy did not forbid her from
enjoying a career because he was able to keep an eye on her, she
but
•
second daughter,
constantly jealous of other men, so he kept her at
"Roy
•
•
birth to her
1981. But, the situation with
Neighborhood recreation areas
Ber- Vaughn Park
Mayor Lou Biacchi
&
Borough Councilmen
it
says.
Roy, however, claims he encouraged her
to
work
in
insurance
because she lacked self-confidence and was afraid she wasn't
capable of enjoying a successful career. "I got her into the insurance
business," he says. "I always tried to get Angle involved with
something that was going to advance her in some way."
Finally, on Sept. 1, 1987, Angie left Roy for the last time. She
says he followed her to the post office in his car and deliberately
crashed into her car. She immediately got out and ran to a neighbor's
house.
From there she went to the Women's Center in Bloomsburg.
There, she learned about the theory of power and control which
Borough
of
Berwick
344 Market Street
Berwick
752-2723
now applies to her life. A chart provided by the women's center
showed her how some men use power to control women.
The cycle includes emotional abuse in which he puts her down
and plays mind games with her; economic abuse in which he keeps
her from becoming financially independent; sexual abuse in which
he treats her as a sexual object; using children in which he makes her
feel like a bad mother; threats in which he says he will hurt her or
take the children; using male privilege in which he treats her like a
she
SPECTRUM
servant; intimidation in
fear into her;
which he yells and smashes objects to put
in which he controls whom she sees or
and isolation
Angle says Roy used
talks to.
all
of these tactics on her at one time
or another in their relationship.
Roy
denies these allegations. "I never abused her, and
he says. "Angle sees abuse
hit her,"
in everything.
I
I
think
never
it
was
because of the trouble from her childhood."
Comforted by her stay at the center. Angle filed a Protection
Abuse Order for herself and two daughters. Julie, the youngest
daughter, stayed with her mother, but Denise refused.
Denise was very close to her father, according to Angle. She
says Denise often went with Roy to Mary's house for family
gatherings. Here, Angie says, Denise was exposed to many remarks
against her mother. Angle believes Denise has internalized the view
that Angie left Roy who was suffering from a
of Roy's family
from.
—
Come & Spend
Day
with Us
the
heart condition, at the worst possible time.
Angie worried that Roy was not the best influence for the girls.
is a great daddy but he is a terrible father," she says. She notes
that he lets the girls go to bed whenever they want, and never helps
them with their homework although he expects good grades from
them, and he takes the girls wherever they want to go but doesn't
participate in any of their activities.
Also, Angie believes Roy is afraid to leave the area. "He is
"Roy
,
afraid to leave his pull behind," she says, "People
are afraid of him.
He
regions of Pennsylvania. She saysRoy'sparanoiaabout leaving the
state is
energy slory
who know Roy
has pull everywhere." But, Angie wants her
know that there are other places in the world besides the coal
girls to
Bfing Ihe eniife (amily and spend
a day at Ihe Susquehanna Ene'gy
Intormalion Cemer and Riverlands
recrealion area See Ihe eye-calch
ing displays. Try our educational
compuler games thai lell the
an unhealthy attitude which she does not want her girls to
Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
and picnic in Ihe 400acre Riverlands recrealion area and nature
preserve Or. call and make arrange
menis to en|oy one ol Ihe nature and
recreational programs presented by our
resident naturalist
share.
Roy
is
confused by
high school.
have no
I
this accusation. "I
situation
of
my
I
was
in
I
did,
I
—going broke paying
"I
in
have no relations
wouldn't have been
in the
for a lawyer to get custody
daughter."
Also,
Roy
he says. "I
life,"
wrong.
know
I
that's for
Complete your
trip with a bus lour .^1 the
perimeter o( the Susquehanna Steam Electric
Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
calling Ihe Information Center in advance. Call
(717) 542-2131 for information.
believes he has very good reasons for not wanting
to leave Pennsylvania.
my
he says.
political ties,"
with people in high places. If
was a shop student
there's
"As far as leaving the area, I've lived here all
know where
more
to the
I
can turn to
world than
if
anything goes
this coal region,
but
a
my girls to discover on their own if they want to when they
Susquehanna Energy Information Center
April
Won
Oct
through
Sat.. 8:30 a m.-4:30
-(•larch
.
go
to college."
p m.
Sun Noon.4:30 p m.
Mon. through Fri.. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
Sat II am .4 p.m.. Sun Noon.4 pm
,
Nov
.
For information 0311(717) 542-2131
Because Angie believes she was a more responsible parental
figure, she would have liked to file for both girls' custody. But, her
&
who know Roy
are afraid of him. He has
"People
lawyer advised her not to fight for Denise because by the time
trial Denise would be old enough to tell the judge where she
of the
—
—
wanted to live no one doubted she would choose her father and
could hurt Angle's chances of winning Julie's custody. Reluctantly,
Angie
relented,
and the police removed Julie from Roy's custody,
while Denise stayed with her father.
Angie also says her lawyer advised her to follow through on her
plans to leave the state immediately since she says
harassing her at the
WINTER
Women's
1991-1992
Center.
Daily: 8
•
Wetlindi
a.m
Roy was
to
•
Council
Is
Cup
Staffing fvlon. through Fri
dusk
For inlormalion
Admission
(9
pull everywhere."
first
Riverlands
call (717)
.
8 a
r
542-2306
FREE
Located on Route 1 1 just five miles north ol Berwick 0v»red and operated
by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. and Allegheny Eleclhc Cooperative Inc.
.
Ten days
later,
Angie
left
with Julie for
New
Hampshire with
a one-month stay in Chester, Vt., to live with an aunt until she had
secured a job and an apartment. In November, Angie began work at
County Rehabilitation Center while she studied for her
Hampshire insurance license.
On December 4, Angie and Julie arrived at their new apartment
in New Hampshire. "With us, we had seventeen cents, four garbage
the Sullivan
New
bags of clothes, a pillow, a blanket, a tapestry, a cardboard box, two
1 -quart sauce pan and two spoons," Angie remembers.
But with the help of family and friends, Angie and Julie turned the
apartment into a home. "We enjoyed doing it," Angie says. "Even
jelly jars, a
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a masterpiece."
During these hard times, Angie basked
tween her and the two
their conversations
girls.
in the closeness be-
She called Denise
brought her closer
often. But, though
to her daughter, they also
caused her anxiety.
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She claims
in the
that
Denise was often
left
alone for most of the day
apartment and she seemed depressed a
culminated
in
lot.
Angle's fears
February 1989, when she says Denise
a suicide
left
message on her answering machine.
Angie remembers immediately calling Roy. She says Roy
would not listen to her, saying Denise was sitting on the sofa
watching television. But, Angie insisted that Denise had swallowed
something and needed immediate attention.
Angie called Roy constantly the next few days, frantic to find
out about Denise, but she could not get through. Finally,
Roy
told
"The only thing
I'm guilty of is not
being a
quitter."
her Denise had swallowed a few of his heart pills, not enough to
her.
Angie
insisted that
Roy
kill
get their daughter psychological
counseling, claiming Denise often practices suicide by chewing up
handfuls of her father's medication and then spitting them out.
"That's a cry for help, but nobody's hearing," she says.
Roy says he did hear his daughter' s cry "She wasn
.
'
t
getting the
attention from her mother," he explains. "So, she called up her
mom
and told her she was taking my medication. I counted the pills; there
was only one missing. My doctor told me not to worry, and I found
out later she didn't even take it."
In April 1989,
•
Costumed Deliveries
tion
Angie was asked
then worked part-time in a group
•
•
Hospital Deliveries
Wedding Receptions
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We create a Lasting Memory
275-4006
Rt.
10
1 1
Danville
to resign
from the
rehabilita-
agency for "blowing the whistle" on internal problems. She
It
was
at this
home
for mentally
time that Angie found a friend
to
ill
clients.
help her through
She met Jim in New Hampshire. He had worked
and had experienced some of the same
problems she had. They were soon engaged.
In July, Angie became frantic when Denise told her she had
been molested by a friend whom Roy had hired to drive Denise
around. At this time, Roy was working long days at a car dealership
and worried that his daughter was not getting out enough. He asked
his friend to drive Denise to school functions and to friends' houses.
Angie became enraged when Denise called her. She made a number
of phone calls to Roy insisting that he do something. Roy promised
he would handle the situation.
the difficult times.
for the Rehabilitation Center
SPECTRUM
to learn about his friend. "That was a really
me," he says. "I've known this guy for over
twenty years and I trusted him implicitly. He said it was a lie. But,
I told him I didn't want him around my house or my kids."
Angle broke her engagement with Jim in January 1990, but
they remained friends. Finally, Angle decided that she would move
Roy was shocked
hurtful situation to
Angie didn't think twice about allowing Julie
In light of this,
visit
Rorida
the
also lived.
would live in Florida after she
was established. "He offered to
give
me $2,000 to make a life in
Florida," she remembers. But,
she says
Roy backed out of their
agreement a few days before she
"All his
He said he would take
my girls and make me look bad.
And he did just that."
about the past.
Even Roy seemed
to
have changed
for the better,
Angie
says.
send
But Julie
didn't
schedule. Instead,
called,
Roy urged
stay a
little
asked
to
her to
let Julie
When
longer.
speak
return on
when Angie
she
to her daughter,
Roy always told her Julie was
not home or she was loo busy to
talk with her mother.
Finally, the
phone conver-
Roy told her he would not send her any
money. "I felt I deserved some kind of compensation," Angie says.
"Other women get settlements from their husbands when they are
divorced." Angry and disillusioned, Angie told Roy she would take
sations
him
became
heated.
to court.
But Roy reached his lawyer
On Aug.
first.
Angie arrived in Shamokin to search for her
daughter. As she wandered through backstreels and alleys, she
thought about her troubled past and her uncertain future. "I thought,
'all his threats have come through,'" she says. "He said he would
take my girls and make me look bad. And he's done just that." S
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with Julie to
track."
through.
was going to leave.
Angle and Julie went to
Florida anyway. Jim traveled
with them so they could share expenses. His parents had a house on
the west coast of Florida and he was going to stay with them.
Angle's mother lived on the state's east coast and she would allow
Julie and Angie to stay for a while.
Florida was all Angie had hoped for. Denise seemed happy in
Pennsylvania with her father, and Julie was adjusting to life in
Florida quickly. Angie dreamed of the day when she and Julie could
get their own apartment and begin a normal, happy life. Both she
and Julie were seeing a psychologist to sort out their bad feelings
money back
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WINTER
to
her father on June 26, 1990. Julie was to stay for two weeks.
Angie says Roy promised
where her mother
She and Roy were
also talking quite a bit now. In
fact, he told her he and Denise
to
He called Angie quite often, wrote her countless letters, including
some which begged her to return, and seemed to support her. He still
talked about moving to Florida with Denise so they could all see
each other more often.
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'
DADDY'S
LITTLE
GIRLS?
Despite conventional wisdom,
one father says they
and
now and has never been a chauvinist. In fact, he
most cases, children in custody battles would be
better off with their mothers. However, his is not one of those cases.
says he
Roy
believes
isn't
isn't
said let's wait a year, put
afraid to say
away
are,
why
a year's worth of wages, I'd
sell
my
we'd get the kids accustomed to moving and then move
down with some money."
"I've always said that I could take better care of the kids than she
Roy, an insurance salesman recovering from heart surgery, was
could," the fifty-year-old father says. "My lawyer told me it was
reluctant to head south because he feared he could not compete with
very hard for a man to get custody of the children, but he also thought
the younger salesmen. "I just didn t want to get into that rat race and
I had a good case. So I filed."
push like that," he says, "But she wanted me to just pack up and go
His decision was not a spur of
and I couldn't do that."
the moment one, but rather the
Then Roy discovered that
'result of a series of events that led
Ji"i was staying with Angle's
rr-';^
n
o- '"^t
kjiic; Slctllt;
him to fear for the well-being of
•L,>
brother in Paxmos while she was
in
property,
'
5
his
youngest daughter.
"The situation was that during 1989 Angle [the child's
mother] was constantly moving
from place to place," he says. "One
time Julie [the youngest daugh-
mf^
^1
and told me she was
suing
me and taking me to
staying at the trailer in S hamokin.
"That's
when
I
realized that
that situation," he says.
were the three of us
court. I said
'No you're not,
I
didn't want to get involved with
down
"What,
all
going
together?"
was sent to me because Angle
That realization was more of
was having some trouble. I found
a turning point in his life. "I had
that's
out she was losing her apartment
written her letters every day telland had no place to live; that's
ing her how I felt, saying that if I
to
to
why Julie was here."
was doing anything wrong I was
Later, after Angle moved in
sorry," he says. "I told her I was
with Jim, a man she worked with, a man Roy claims she told him she
willing to do whatever had to be done to get us back on track because
"couldn't stand," Julie went back to live with them. "Angle would
the children needed a mother and a father. I just didn't want to go
call me and say 'Oh, I can't tell you what he did to Julie, I just hate
through the rest of my life worrying that every time she walks out the
him and he'll never do it again, because I'll kill him if he does it
door, she's meeting someone."
again.' But she wouldn't tell me what he did."
But according to Angle, Roy wasa little more supportiveof the idea
In 1990, Angle decided she wanted to move to Florida and
to move toRorida. "He told me to go ahead," she says. "He said he would
wanted Roy to join her. "I told her to move here instead," Roy says.
give me $2,000 to help set me up in an apartment and when he and
"She didn't necessarily have to live here, but at least in the area. I
Denise [the oldest daughter] were ready, they would come down."
ter]
what I'm
because
going
do
you.'"
by Mike Mullen
12
SPECTRUM
She wasn't surprised when he
told her he wasn't going. "He'll
you along," she says. "But when
with something, he never does."
tote
As
it
comes
to following
through
With
Angle claims she broke the engagement, but he was
going to travel with her and Julie to Florida anyway to share the
expenses. His parents lived on the west coast and when they arrived
for Jim,
in Florida,
he "helped
this failed,
judge
me unload my trailer at my mom's house and
own
place.
"But
I
in
with her mother until she could afford to get her
told her
it
the ten or twenty times she
says.
wasn't going to be any different from
went north
to
New
Hampshire," Roy
1
he sought the aid of James Rosini, an attorney who, as a
987, had granted Angle's Protection from Abuse Petition.
his help,
Roy
The next
step
filed
forcustody of Julie on July 24, 1990.
was to take the matter before Harry Klein, a
special master, whose job is to see if an amicable sclllemcnt could
be reached without going to trial. The hearing was .scheduled for
Aug. 16, but much more would take place before then.
then went to the west coast," she says.
Angie moved
in
Afraid for Julie's well-being becau.se she hadn't been able to
some time and faced with custody papers from Roy,
contact her for
Angie immediately
sylvania.
"They [Angie and her mother] just don't
left
Florida to search for her daughter
"
when they are together
As he expected, it wasn't long
before Angie was on the phone
get along
"I
.'vS!?J;'S»
\
she asked for $4,000. "She
her
'•\
down there a month or
more when she called me say-
Angie
says. "I talked to Julie and asked
V.
asking him for help, he claims
ing she needed
immediately called when I received
the custody letter from Roy,"
wasn't
Penn-
in
She arrived Aug. 6andfiledacounterclaim forcuslodyof
Deniseon Aug. 10.
'
>
she was coming back
if
and she told
want to be
me
she didn't
there. That's
when her grandmother
money," he
picked up the phone,
y
said,
says.
'The kids are OK,' and
"Her mother was pushing
all I could thmk
was 'Here we go again.' Only
now she's not 450 miles away m
New Hampshire, she's 1,500
miles away, and I don't know
what's going to happen to my
daughter. I don t kno w where she s
hung up."
When
her to get out and
'
going to be,
if
no one
sitter, I
even
know
she has a baby-
anything
"
/:
"She
/
/
someone
Roy
it
else
to Julie
''^^x^
might have
^>
come
into
it
my life. But I
how he felt
then told Angie
^
started cursing at
knees so
,
me and
to join us,"
she says,
might be time for me to let
never lived with anyone."
— he was afraid he would
told
1991-1992
I
couldn't find her.
I
was shocked," she
says, referring to Julie's account of being kept in
me
she was suing
me
and taking me to court. I said 'No you're not, because that's
what I'm going to do,' and I hung up."
According to official records, Roy attempted to file forcustody
on his own without the help of legal counsel on July 14, 1 990. When
WINTER
swimming pool and
started spilling all these things to me about
being forced to crawl around on her hands and
<
only be buying her some breathing space, maybe a month or
two, before she would be back for more. "She'd be in the same
jam again, only I would be $4,000 poorer," he says. "That's
when she
says.
I told them she was."
Angie didn't think so. "When I
finally got Julie back on Aug. 16, she
^L--
said.
coming down
and told her
Roy
safe.
f
there.'"
realized he wasn't
he
anything."
me to tell me what she was
doing. And the police called me to ask
if I was aware that my ex- was doing
this. They asked if my daughter was
/
still
mother's to her own place, but thinks Roy misin-
I
me
started
nieces at the
Angie denies living with another
man at any point before she moved out of her
"When
me
tell
let
all right;
they called
guy she went down there with
Now I thought, 'I'm not sending any
explained
was
showing Julie's picture around and telling people that
I kidnapped her. What she didn't
know was that she talked to my
nal
"I
ar-
"Angie came up earher than
^/
having a relationship with the origi-
terpreted something Julie
Julie
she was supposed to,"
her mother's neighbors," Roy says
money down
if
wouldn't
The two decided to have Julie
go north for a while to help Angie
out. At this point, Roy still intended to give Angie some money,
but Julie's visit changed thai
"I found out Angie was living with yet another guy, one of
"She was living with him and
"He wouldn't
says.
'
know
don't
who
ranged for a meeting widi
Roy. "I was hysterical," she
she has a place to
if
in
Roy's, so she
at
contacted a friend
;
stay, or
she arrived
Pennsylvania, Angie found
Roy's
stepsister's
Roy
home
so Angie could not find her.
doesn't deny the nature of the charge. "Angie was operat-
ing under the assumption that
Julie
whomever had
physical custody of
had custody of her," Roy says. "She figured
she could get
if
physical custody of Julie and take her back to Florida
anything about
it
and she was pretty much
right. If
I
I
couldn't do
try to stop her
and we start something, the cops show up and what happens? I go to
she has Julie, she's back in Florida and where am I? Tr>'ing to
jail,
argue between states."
Faced with the possible consequences, Roy decided he couldn't
allow the two to see each other and, legally, his actions were not
punishable. "I
was
in
my
legal right in not letting
Angie see
her,"
13
Roy says. "Legally, I had the right to have her; my attorney advised
me to do what I
Roy
is
did."
referring to the 1987 order that established the physical
custody of the two children and the subsequent visitation times. In
that
document, Roy was awarded visitation with Julie from July 17
Friday before the beginning of school. This would place the
heard on Nov. 2, 1990, in Northumberland County Court in front of
Judge William W. Lipsitt, a specially presiding judge from Harrisburg. This assignment was made because none of the other judges
were available at the time and had nothing to do with the nature of
the case.
Angie was disappointed with the hearing for a number of
saw the hearing as unfair because the judge neither
listened to what Julie had to say
until the
date for Julie's return as Aug.
1
6, coincidentally, the
day the Special
reasons. She
Master hearing was scheduled.
And
that is
when Angle fiThe two
and
we
how Roy would care for Julie.
Her disgust with Roy's lawyer
to
the meeting
told
me
to just
wait until
I
got
something, the cops
start
concerned his involvement with
show up and what happens?
go
I
women
100 percent. But
to jail, she has Julie, she's
Abuse Order
and
his
in 1987, his per-
appointment of the court
psychologist
back in Florida and I'm trying
what bothered me was the fact
that I couldn't explain any of the
accusations. I even asked him
whyldidn'tgetachance,butmy
lawyer told me not to worry because we would get our chance
to
who evaluated
the
family.
As
argue between states."
for her lawyer, she
was
not happy with his representation of her.
She believed he did
not do an adequate job of raising
in
all
of the important facts of the case, namely Denise's alleged abuse
and Roy's misleading testimony.
court."
Klein's role
the original Protection from
sonal relationship with Lipsitt,
down there because this guy was
for the
to
Denise's wishes, nor inquired as
parents went before Klein and
was short and to the
point "Once the word abuse was
mentioned, the matter was bound
over for trial," Roy says. "I was
really upset. A friend of mine
much weight
while giving
"If I try to stop her
nally got Julie back.
was finished
as soon as
could be reached without a trial.
it
appeared no settlement
He decided things should remain as
they were; Julie with Angle, and Denise with
Roy
until the court
could hear the case.
After several continuances were granted, the case was finally
However, an important point
Angle's attorney during
essential,
this
that
may have been
overlooked by
hearing was an off-hand, yet extremely
remark Roy made while on the stand, and while under oath.
When asked if his income was sufficient to support both his home and
his two children he rephed, "Yes. I don't owe anything on my home."
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14
SPECTRUM
"
This fact
is
significant because
financially stable.
his
home.
It
It
showed
it
showed
the judge he
the judge
Roy was
1989, standard practice
had no outstanding debt on
of
also wasn't accurate.
According to official records
Prothonotary's Office
from
in
1984,
went on public assistance once
only received about $400.
in the
And
that
Roy applied
and
to
DPW
lien. In
to place
judge
such a
such a case, the recipient
would then be required
to
i
Julie
pay
back any cash assistance received
won V^U:5LULIJ
let Angle
S5,000, this does not
mean
less than
we went
to the court-appointed
psychologist," he says, "I believed very strongly at the time
was sexist. Angle
had her two hours, but when I
went down, she wanted to spend
that this lady
wouldn't
have to go back."
bond
Roy was
ing used by Wiley as well. "When
was crying that I lied to her
title.
the
information she used
her decision.
Initially,
and the owner would again have
Even though
in the
make
CUIU LiH^
take her back,
when I told her she
before the lien would be removed
sole
"I
enthused with the methods be-
only program that au-
this is the
thorizes
Alter
DPW,
one month," Roy says.
in Judy Wiley's [the courtappointed family therapist] evaluation of her and the children. She
says Wiley was selective in the information she reported to the court
because according to Joe Zenuck,
Northumberland County
for
should be taken care of by now,
I paid it back some time ago."
Angle was also very disappointed
DPW,
claims investigator for the
five years
though.
1984.
This information proves that at some point
when a bond is not satisfied within
original issue.
"I
in the
Northumberland County Courthouse, Roy has a 55,000 lien placed
against his property by the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) in
for cash assistance
its
more time with Angle and the
Now I was thinking,
'Boy this lady is against me, and
children.
is
that
amount owed. And because government regulations
prevent DPW from disclosing the amount of the lien, the amount
owed can only be estimated at between $1 and $4,999. This is
because as Zenuck says, "If they come in and get SI, the bond is
this is the
$5,000, and
I'm going
to lose.'
But when she testified
needed the extra time
before and then
According
to
in court
she explained she
confirm what she had observed the night
recommended
that the children be placed with
to court records,
it
was
this
me."
testimony by Wiley that
they get $4,990,
carried most of the weight in the decision to place Julie with Roy.
The amount owed is only equal to the amount
received, and normally, another bond is issued if the amount of
assistance received exceeds $5,000. Roy's bond was renewed in
"I've taken into consideration the testimony that has been given not
placed at S5,000,
it's still
if
they get $10,
it's
$5,000."
Scott
Town
AUTO
Sales
if
only from both of the parties, but I'm particularly dependant upon
the information and the testimony given to us by Mrs. Wiley," Judge
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WINTER
1991-1992
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& Main St., Numidia
DJ.
Fri.
&
Sat.
Nights
when he delivered his decision which was to grant full
Roy with liberal visitation in the summer and over
Lipsitt said
said something like that in passing or in an incredible
legal custody to
of desperation or heartache.
the holidays for Angle.
seriously."
What confused Roy was
return with
Angle
until
that the judge allowed Julie
Christmas vacation when a switch
custody could be made more easily for the sake of Julie's
education. While he understood the reasoning, he was upset
I
She found herself a new lawyer who was willing to work
who had to pay for his counsel.
He even went so far as to call Angle's lawyer's father-in-law, a
for free. This did not sit well with Roy
personal friend of
understand. "That summer,
she had a free lawyer,"
want to
go back with her mother,"
Roy
says.
"Then
after
I
was crying
when
I
that
I
"I just
"I'm just thankful that Julie
know why
Roy says.
my
this area all
she's living for free at the
afford to take care of herself it
not even from Pennsylvania. I just
wanted
lied to her
told her she wouldn't
it
to cost her
This
is
decision to
care of the child."
this to put in a nine-year-
me
between $3,000 and $4,000.
lawyer is paid."
I
I
his
support from
Angie. "I would have never
formy
What kind of stuff is
was
it
what prompted
file for
for support if
mother. But she was telling Julie things like 'I'm going to die
if you leave me' or 'If you don't stay, I'll die and you'll never
what
costing me."
would be very hard to take
didn't want to be here anymore, she wanted to be with her
again.'
have lived in
to
Women's Center; she's collecting money from Florida, and she's
when she returned in January. "She was totally different," Roy says. "Now she
me
"I
his.
wanted
here, because if Angie can't
have to go back."
This carried over to
see
is
life,
won
custody and the judge let
Angie take her back, Julie
it
for Julie.
over the effect it had on his
daughter because she didn't
Julie said she didn't
moment
pray Julie never took
Despite losing custody, Angie did not intend to give up her fight
to
in
And
filed
didn't have to pay
attorney," he says. "It cost
only want the support
until
my
Angle's attempts to win her daughter back have included a
number of
petitions
and motions. She
filed
both an appeal and a
old's head?"
motion for a modification, just hoping for a quick hearing so she
Angie believes Roy is turning the tables on her here.
"He's taking something he said to me and saying I said it," she
says. "He told me he would die if I left him. I can't say I never
could return to Florida and resume her
life.
But Rosini has handled Angie at every turn. First, he successfully argued that she could not both appeal and modify a decision.
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SPECTRUM
Then came
during the
which Roy won despite the fact that
Roy claimed he was more financially
she had to pay rent and electricity, but she's trying to save
the support hearing
first
custody
trial,
money to come sec mc."
"And that's understandable, " Roy
secure than she.
When the modification hearing was held last May, Angie
thankful that Julie
was disappointed. The two-day hearing only netted her an
two weeks of visitation in the summer.
She returned to Florida alone and Roy was unsympathetic.
take care of herself,
when
life
But Angie, who
things first started," he says, "just get your
straightened out and then they can both
come
they want
if
when
Julie
is
live with
would be very hard
is
to.
old enough she will too.
going to
summerof 1991.
come unless
Denise did and Denise
wouldn't come unless her friend came," she says. "I was
over the
having a difficult enough time making ends meet and bringing
down, let alone three kids. They would have all needed
day care when I was at work, meals, and partial air fare back.
Julie
had
to
squeeze just
to get Julie here,
I
couldn't afford
all
life and can take care of
have a beautiful apartment only four miles from the
ocean," she says. "I work in a beautiful office. But even if I
had the same rundown trailer in Pennsylvania, Julie would
still have a better life with
me. Finances aren't every-
over.
It's
thing."
never
And Roy seems
happy with
be over."
"I like
it's
paints a different picture. "It
he says. "She has a
new
was finances
job, but expenses are a
I
guess,"
little
heavier
my
my
I'll
Still, after all
of this, I'm a
for the
gun-shy.
whole custody arrangement, Roy
I
don't
It's just too
isn't ruling
"When my daughter [Julie]
wants to move in with her
it.
It's
never going
to
be
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trying to raise
ever get involved in a relationship again.
out change, but instead expects
is
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life,"
thrill
of a problem. I'd rather go fishing."
As
"She couldn't get the money," Julie says when Roy asks
her why she didn't visit her mom this summer. "She had to eat.
APPROVED REPAIR
be
life. If
band.
think
than expected."
F.A.A.
my
no
to
his situation too.
two daughters, but basically I
you ask Denise, though, she'll say 'Dad, you
have no life.' In a way she's right, I have no girlfriends, even
though I may meet an occasional woman when I'm playing in
like
much
three."
Roy
to take care of the
currently working as a licensed iance
"Julie couldn't
I
says, "But I'm just
Angie can't afford to
Julie. "I
"No,
ters
it
if
agent, believes she has a desirable
Denise has always had her choice and
I said "Why don't you
just leave them here until you
get your life in order.' But
no, she didn't want to do that."
this isn't
And then, Angie was not
even able to see her daughyou
here, because
child."
extra
"I told her
is
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WINTER
1991-1992
unimportant parts.™
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Bloomsburg, PA 17815
17
CAUGHT
THE
IN
CROSSFIRE
Often used as pawns
in
custody battles, the
children sujfer most
Every
The concept of
the
game is basic, but a moderator is still essential because some battles are too close to
And in custody cases, real-life tugs-ofit's the children who suffer most from
call.
war,
a bad
According to attorney Susan Hill,
Bloomsburg, the primary standard in custody cases
is
to
for the child.
made is in
Evaluation Services, Glenside, an organization that
in
makes custody recommendations
unusual cases, believes custody disputes
that
make
it
to court
almost always become
tugs-of-war. "It happens
more than 99
very important.
Julie,
who was nine years old and living
with her father in Shamokin in February
199 1 wrote a
Lewis also says custody cases are usumost difficult kind to judge. "Law-
,
ents,
themselves. People in a bitter
divorce are hurting
Attorney John R. Gordner,
—
love
her.
it's
normal.
let
me
my mom
that
maybe
change
dis-
his
re-
judges weigh the scales. But with custody
stay with her father,
cases, it's a preponderance of evidence rather
Denise.
into tugs-of-war," he says.
than clear and convincing evidence," he
extra visitation time in the
Joan Mosier, administrator for Columbia County Children and Youth, says, "All
says.
parents advocate themselves. People in a
sometimes taken into account by the judge,
but it depends on the child's age and matu-
solve.
bitter
divorce are hurting
them
to set priorities."
—
it's difficult for
a modification
He
did,
wrote
it
so
would
trial,
Julie's request,
Ranck ordered she
"Those are the times where you get
however, are much more difficult to
I
mind," she says.
But despite
hands of a judge,
"I
the judge
in
in the
my
very happy.
"
yers put marbles on the scales of justice, and
end up
Now if you
stay with
and can't leave
what she wanted.
putes are settled out of court.
that
my
don't
effort to convince the court of
'
custody cases for about five
Those
I
This letter was part of Julie's
difficult
for them to get priorities."
who has handled child
most custody
is
could just
mom. I would be
making the "best interests"
years, says
every night and
think that
"All parents advocate
But some sug-
of the child secondary.
Judge Samuel Ranck
Julie wrote, "I cry for
mom
a battle between the par-
Berwick,
letter to
asking to live with her mother. Angle.
ally the
gest these cases too often be-
come
"Over 12, it's
10 and 12 it
And between
depends on the maturity."
decision
the child's best inter-
ests," she says.
child wants to go," he says.
do what's best
"Any
10, the court usually
doesn't take into consideration where the
per-
cent of the time," he says.
call.
"Under the age of
Ken Lewis, founder of Child Custody
game, even a simple tug-of-war,
requires a referee.
Roy, and oldest
sister,
however, grant her mother
summer.
Julie says she felt confused throughout
The
child's wishes,
Gordner says, are
rity.
the custody battle, and the hardest thing
that she couldn't
be with her mother.
was
"It's
when you want to stay with someone
and no one will let you," she says.
like
by Jennifer Stefanick
18
SPECTRUM
Angie believes Julie has been given no
"No adults will
rights in the situation.
to her.
My daughter's rights are
listen
not impor-
tant," she says.
"When you start fighting
for me again, make sure you get me my own
her a letter stating,
lawyer." Julie wants this because nobody
is
considering her wishes, Angie says.
"Julie said to
I
abuse occurred.
Denise says her biggest problem with
the way the court handles custody cases is
"One parent doesn't know what's going on.
me, 'No one's listening
want, and
it's
wants someone to
about me.'
listen
She
to
just
because obviously
the judge didn't,"says Angie.
not always spiie,"the lawyer says.
way men are treated. "I think that women
A lot oftimes there's a perfectly good explanation for what happened, but the relation-
professorof sociology and social welfare
for
at
Bloomsburg University, judges are sometimes more leniant toward women.
"Sometimes judges are automatically
biased in favor of
Angie also believes the children suffer the
"It's
sometimes get away with a little bit more
than men do," she says. "Sometimes that's
good, and sometimes that's bad."
According to Sue Jackson, associate
the
According to Angie, Julie recently wrote
what
they should be on top of the.sc things."
women
rather than being
Jackson believes judges
have no training
says, "the children are."
in
is
so hostile that they can't talk about
it."
According
Jane Kearney, director
lo
Northumberland County Children and
Youth, when child abuse allegations are
brought into a custody case, the court will
sometimes ask Children and Youth
who
says.
issues
"Our responsibility is
to serve families with
neglect or abuse.
worst part about the
way
is
deal with custody
cases. It's not our task," Kearney
Denise says the
whole ordeal
But sometimes,
we do get placed
the
her parents
in that role."
act towards each
These fam-
"They were
putting us on the
other.
spot
all
are designed to
remove
didn't
tug-of-war, ac-
cording
she says.
agrees that
was watching
he and Angie argue.
"They were always caught
in the middle," he says.
Denise also says it was
difficult to keep up with her
schoolwork during the custody
battle. "I missed a lot of time
the child.
go
to
the child has a right to a
relationship with both parents," she says.
Mosier also stresses the importance of the child's welfare.
[in
"We need to realize the child has
two parents. Custody cases can be trau-
Mary, a twenty-year old who went
thirteen, says the court
We
great extremes because
school] going to court," she says.
through a custody dispute
to
Kearney.
"We need to do
a family evaluation
to do what's best for
the worst part for his
children
the
child from the
know what to say,"
Roy
evaluations
ily
the time
we
and
for a
family evaluation.
"We don't normally
objective," she says.
most in cases like these. "Roy and
I are not the ones hurt," she
ship
when she was
never asked her what
matic to children
— they're already
suf-
she wanted.
fering because they're without one par-
remember my mom telling my
me that we'd have to spend
every other weekend with our father because the court said so. They never asked us
ent," she says.
"I just
The recent trend of
brother and
if
we wanted
to or not," she says.
The court's decision, Mary says, evencaused some hurt feelings for her.
"Because my dad was involved with drugs,
^^
like these should
help with the case.
"One would hope,
helped," she says.
he'd often forget our weekend," she says.
often
"We'd end up waiting and
leged child abuse. In
It
was
more painful than if we would' ve just played
it by ear."
Mary
way
says she
is
not pleased with the
the court handled her case.
According
ally
"It's a
possession.
my dad hadn't been paying child
support," she says. "That's ridiculous
WINTER
1991-1992
—
and Kearney says casework-
that year,
actu-
ers have to
for parents to
make
referrals equally.
very popular maneuver
lately.
an advantage to the parent with
It
some impact on
Children and Youth organizations.
According to the Pennsylvania 1990
Child Abuse Report, there were 24,357
reports of suspected child abuse during
also called, has had
is al-
ing a custody battle.
number two,
figure out
there
he says
builds time," he says.
But Susan Hill says parents who make
these accusations often honestly believe
"false allega-
tions," or "spite referrals" as they are
it's
fact,
"false allegations" against their spouses dur-
"Number
took them two years to
a
Lewis, custody cases are
becoming common
It's
later
to
more complicated when
one, they never asked me what I wanted, and
it
if
judge does not have expertise, there will be
consultants available so that he or she is
tually
waiting.
have experts to
make
sure they treat
all
Kearney says, "It got to the point
where people immediately had suspicions in custody cases because of spite
referrals. It's a big issue.
make
We
have
sure the staff isn't assuming
not valid."
to
it's
These family evaluations carry
a
19
The
great deal of weight in court, Gordner
child,
portant, regardless of the age of the
matic.
"When
child."
Co
Spring 1992
•to*
Mazowsze
Thurs., January 23
Another problem that may put the
child's best interests on the back burner,
Jackson says, is
when parents
fight
for cus-
tody
for
they
want
to
may
sure the other
Quartet
person doesn't
Sun., February 2
get him or her,"
she says. "Or,
they intellectualize
Pittsburgh
Opera Theatre
'^Carmen"
Sun.,
March 22
"Pippin"
Sat.,
^
o
is
that
I
it
push and pull of
can really have
ramifications on the child's self-es-
teem," she says.
is extremely
"It
my mom
every night. Now if
you could just let me
stay with my mom,
make
Cleveland
there
affection and loyalty,
"I cry for
the
wrong reasons.
"They may
want revenge,
or
C<5
effects of a custody case on the
Jackson says, are potentially trau-
says, pointing out, "They're very im-
would be very happy."
important to
have a sense of
stability.
[Cus-
tody disputes]
devastate that
equilibrium that
all
human
ings
have."
be-
should
The uncertainty
of
the
situation also
has an effect on
and feel
they should be taking care of the child
the child, Jackson says. "It's a disturb-
when, emotionally, they don't have the
ing phenomena not to have knowledge
about what's going to happen," she says.
Jackson also says the child is often
confused over which parent he or she
can love. "They're not sure if it's okay
skills to effectively parent."
Jackson also says there are cases in
which a parent is suing for financial
reasons, "I've known of cases where the
only reason a parent, for example, wants
custody is because of the child sup-
mommy if daddy says she's terThe child needs to feel safe about
to love
rible.
that emotional bonding," she says.
port," she says.
March 28
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MONTOUR
FAMILY PLANNING
SPECTRUM
Because of the issues involved,
Mosier believes custody battles tend
last a
to
long time, leaving the child with
an uncertain future.
"The process appears to be very
lengthy to me," she says. "It's not unlikely for it to take a year. This gives
instability
—
need
to
kids
know what
will
happen,"
she
cess.
"No
to her.
how-
My daughter's
months
rights are not
Columbia County
is
the delay
important."
pone the
two judges, we don't have
Large Pie
Includes
A
Liter of
not
pepsjI
"Since Judge Keller was made president judge in March of 1991, he has
been more involved in scheduling cases.
examinations were complete."
began in
a lot easier to get a full trial
October of 1987 when her mother was
awarded custody through a Protection
from Abuse Order.
Since then, Julie has been through
two custody hearings, a modification
trial, and has been forced to wait out
five continuances.
&
Hot
Her "tug-of-war" has
Cold Subs'Stromboli
Calzone'Salads
trial
In Julie's case, the battle
able.
it's
until the
to," she says.
Gordner agrees that the process in
Columbia County has become quicker
since another judge has been made avail-
Now,
Pari'Sicilian
com-
wasn't ready,"
he says, "But,
we had to post-
it
we used
to
"It's
"Now
that there are
Traditional'Pita
that the court
not as big a
once was.
PIZZA
as
look almost six
factor in
problem as
387-0511
plete.
time
the
of Bloomsburg
evaluations
ever, believes
that
He cites
NAPOLI PIZZA
an example a
case in which
adults will listen
said.
Hill,
and a judge in a custody case. It was six
months to a year [for the process] but
now it can be as little as two to six
months," he says.
Gordner believes that psychological evaluations and family studies contribute to the length of the custody pro-
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WINTER
1991-1992
Friday
—
Julie's parents, it's not over yet.
who
chaired a Columbia
County committee in 1989 that explored
the use of mediation in custody cases,
believes the biggest problem with these
battles is the effect it has on the family
Hill,
of the courts, but emphasizes the parents' responsibilities. "If the parents can
agree," she says, "they will be light
years ahead."
Jackson agrees. "Ideally, what the parents should do
is
put the needs of their child
They should
members involved.
"Once the litigation occurs," she
set up guidelines, so that
none of their dissatisfaction with each other
says, "words are said that can't be taken
back. There's such a strain on the family. Nobody understands unless they've
spills
been through it," she says.
According to Hill, the committee
found that mediation with a professional
instead of going to court is a good
solution to the problems surround-
should work things out before tak-
ing custody cases. But, she says,
financial reasons
sible for
over into the child's direct experi-
ence," she says.
Roy
also believes the parents
ing the issue to court. "The logic
of the situation should
ter,"
she says.
Regardless of the solution, Kearney
stressed the importance of
keeping the child out of the
tug-of-war. "We have to
do what's best for the
child," she says, "because
it's not the child who's
^
be worked out between the parents," he says
getting divorced."
Despite her family's
lengthy battle, however,
"That way we
could avoid
make that impos-
Columbia County
first.
Since it is unlikely the parents will
always be agreeable. Hill believes in
mediation. "It is something worth looking into. Due to the nature of custody
hearings, if people can resolve it before
going to court, it would be much bet-
at the
this
present time.
Julie wants her
we came
until
is
other hand, would
like the battle to
to a
come
keeping the
she says.
Denise, on the
to an end. "I'd
be able to put
behind me," she
says, "and get on
like to
Mosier also betion
can live with
I
my mom,"
dead end."
lieves the best solu-
to
tody. "I'd like it to go on
unnec-
"Things such as psychological
studies would make it even more
expensive," she says. "Because
of financial problems and a
lack of funds
mother
continue to fight for cus-
^
it
£.1'
with
entire struggle out*'^-^-'
my
S
life."
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Hi
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"'^HERE'LOVE
AND LAW
collide:
photo by Karen Kern
IR^tMpMMipilMlpllPI
Northumberland County Judge
Barry
Feudale says he hates custody hearings. In fact, the judge,
who
used
to
be
"m^^wmfiHU
nM
Judge Jay Myers, who spent 19 years on the
bench before retiring in 1991, says custody
cases were just another part of his job.
who
"There are specific laws that address
worked as a lawyer for a family welfare
agency, says he is more fearful of domestic
child custody matters and the court uses
relations than cases involving hard-nosed
ation all of the other aspects that are in-
criminals.
volved with the family
involved with family counseling and
Feudale, 45, has seen a big increase in
the
number of custody
hearings, as well as
divorce and support cases.
him
is
the reason
why he
What
disturbs
feels there is
an
increase.
"It's
who
will get that last victory," he
them
Then we take
into consider-
in the particular
and from there a decision
is
case
made," Myers,
70, says.
According to Feudale, Northumberland
County Court had 440 cases involving custody, divorce or support in 1980. That number jumped to 1,192 cases in 1990.
Attorney John McLaughlin, the master
says.
Montour and Columbia
where two judges handle judicial
In neighboring
counties,
as a base.
responsibilities for about 78,000 people,
hearings officer for Montour and Columbia
counties, has heard
past
1 1
230 custody cases
months. The numbers are
hv Pat Troskv
in the
less defined
was no master in support cases and a
custody master was scheduled by appointment
In Montour and Columbia counties,
McLaughlin, 40, gets the first shot at settling custody as well as support and divorce
cannot afford the
on an ad hoc
cases.
form
in these counties because prior to July
1
,
1
990,
there
basis.
Also court appointed, McLaughlin finds
Feudale says by the time a custody,
divorce or support case reaches him, the
issue
that
and
is
more than
just the dollar
his job very fulfilling
the law that
more than just
the issue of who gets
is
followed
in
custody cases, yet
depending on the ages of the children,
I
that, if
In at least half of the cases, a lawyer
represents one or both of the parties in a
custody case, Klein says, pointing out an
economics any-
comes down
to
"It isn't
anymore.
ing his decision in a custody
case. But,
It
economics
cially recorded or
comes down to
The hearings
making the decision promore difficult.
usually like to talk with them. I'm sensitive
In the initial stages of a custody petition,
to
If possible,
no matter how simple or complex the case may
Northumberland County's custody hear-
ing officer, Harry Klein,
try to find
is
the
person to
fu-st
an amicable arrangement.
Klein, whose position is court-appointed,
coaching and
he also serves as a
support and divorce hearing officer.
in the end,
taken into consideration
and
a lot of things are
when determining
Klein says he
leans toward giving primary physical cus-
tody minors to the mother. This, of course,
is
the rule only if she is capable and qualified
custodial arrangements," says McLaughlin.
to care for the child.
Both McLaughlin and Klein follow the
same procedure in the early stages of a
themselves biased. Both have ruled in favor
hearing.
of the father in
"First, a
has been the county's custody hearing officer
for three years. In addition,
all civil
criminal proceedings.
tions,
be,
county that has only two
in a
judges to handle
al-
ready been through other op-
cess
"on record."
are not only cost-
effective, but also time-savers
who has more power"
by the time a case gets
chambers, the child has
95 percent of the time.
Neither
Klein
nor
McLaughlin's hearings are offilevel
who has
more power," Feudale says.
Feudale considers the
child's best interest when mak-
into
filing fee, there is another
approved, waives the
agreement can be reached at this
"It isn't
It
for cus-
a person
ties.
the kids.
more.
if
fee. The
same is true in Montour and Columbia coun-
"There is a standard procedure based on
and cents
can be liquidated from a relationship
it's
though taxing at times.
The county has standard forms
tody filings, Klein says, and
month
complaint is
after the filing,
I
Klein and McLaughlin don't consider
some
cases.
then about a
Klein says that usually happens only
hold a hearing,"
when a child is older or when there are other
filed,
mitigating circumstances.
Klein says.
In
ther
most instances, though,
who
it is
the fa-
has the job with the larger pay-
Husky Ambassadors
check and the mother who can stay home
"Share the vision that
secondary custody in some instances. Klein
with the child until he or she is of school age.
Grandparents are also given primary or
commitment
University can
should
said this is
to the
last
sometimes suggested by the
parents themselves.
and
a
"Every case is different and what I like
do is to make sure when we set up an
agreement that each party knows what to
to
lifetime!"
expect," Klein says.
ages as
much
He specifically encour-
contact as possible with the
secondary parent, even
if it's
only an occa-
sional telephone call.
"1 think a
key
to all
of this is keeping the
best interests of the child or children in
mind," McLaughlin says.
Klein and McLaughlin say major decisions
on the
child's schooling, religion and
health care should be shared by both parents, as well as parent-teacher conferences
The Husky Ambassadors represent a
select group of
the student body at Bloomsburg University.
They
and programs
that bring the alumni, the student body, faculty and
community together.
participate
in
special activities
and social and civic functions where the
child might be involved.
When
there
is
more than one
child in a
custody case, the masters, as well as judges,
feel the siblings
should be kept together.
"It's like fixing
something
that isn't
broken. If the children are happy together,
For more information
call
389-4058
why
separate them? Everything has to be
taken into consideration and
26
all
aspects must
SPECTRUM
—
be weighted, but when everything else
he, too, sees
is
equal, children should be kept together,"
Judge Myers says.
If there is
modifications to previ-
McLaughlin notes
much emotion or the feelings
cast in stone."
McLaughin
look beyond them-
ofparents are volatile, Klein and
usually ask parents to
selves and to the future of their children and
their needs.
an alleged or proven abuse,
If there is
many
He
Those custody cases
mon
ously approved orders.
that
"nothing
is
ever
likes to let individuals
and
there
witness
when
also
is
there
is
What
A
eventually decided must be
contempt of court.
It is not unlike Feudale to give either
parent what he likes to call a "whiff of the
some parents move apart, visitation becomes
possible"
may be held
in
if
fixing something
they violate his court order
in a
visits.
children are
arises frequently and sends
couples back to Klein for further review of custody ar-
why
few hours,
a
in
prison. This
done, Feudale
is
the county
know
how serious the court is on maintaining
happy together,
separate
is
days or weeks
says, to let both parties
that isn't broke. If the
a long separation
directives involving
its
the welfare of the children in-
volved.
them?"
Klein and Feudale believe
there has been an "explosion" in
rangements is the relocation
of one or both parents. In some cases,
move
is
followed or one or both parties
The "whiff
Another problem that
parents
Com-
know, especially those who fail to get primary custody, that there is always hope as
time goes on that an order can change.
"Our society is a mobile one and as
'It's like
recommended
between the time of
to
custody matter.
be an unrelated adult (usuneighbor or member of the
clergy) present for visitations.
go
information will become a matter of
all
record.
Klein says he will stipulate that
ally a
that
Pleas Court will be officially recorded
difficult,"
just to put distance be-
there
is
Klein says. "With this mobility,
always
that possibility of a
change
family law, not just in
Northumberland County, but nationwide.
Klein believes one of the reasons is the
tween each other and prevent visitation,
or modification in custody."
passage of the "no fault" divorce laws more
he says.
For as successful as Klein's and
McLaughlin's methods have been, divorce
and support matters at a lower level of the
than 10 years ago.
"The courts don't look too lightly on
parents who do that," Klein says.
About one-third of his cases are existing orders that need to be modified. With no
specific numbers on hand, McLaughlin says
court system
—about
As Feudale sums
There
5 percent of the time
cannot be resolved and the couple end up
before Feudale, Myers, or another judge.
it
these custody cases has
is
is
"The amount of
a lot of adversarial feelings and
bitterness involved,
there
up,
become out of sight.
and when
that
a decrease in stability."
happens
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27
BALANCING
THE SCALES
OF JUSTICE
While weighing the children's
welfare, lawyers fight for
their clients' interests
Angle never figured what she didn't
hurt
it
know about the legal system could
so much. By the time she realized,
cost her custody of her youngest
daughter.
She found herself in need of an attorney on July 24, 1990, when Roy, the
father of her two daughters, filed for
custody of the youngest,
Julie. Angle still believes her
decision to retain Bloomsburg
attorney
is
the
Thomas
E. Leipold
"When
Leipold, however, disagrees. "I did
filed for cus-
as well as
Angle had a feeling the proceedings
weren't going her way shortly after the
hearing began on Nov. 2, 1990. Because
she believed her arguments were never
adequately presented. Angle was dismayed—but not surprised when Judge
—
you're brand
new
the judicial system,
you don't
to expect," says
first
Mackie
in
Northumberland County
Court.
was real
frustrating trying to find
someone," she adds. "I never had to
have a lawyer before."
Leipold originally was referred to
Angle through the Bloomsburg Women's
Center in October 1987. Leipold repre-
do on
"It is
my belief that Attorney Leipold
my daughter away due to his
negligence. I am sincerely
afraid for my daughter," she
has given
said at the time.
Angle feared
you don't
know what to expect."
for Julie be-
cause her oldest daughter,
Denise, allegedly had been
sexually molested once by
one of Roy's friends. Angle
adds that Leipold would not
introduce that allegation dur-
ing the custody hearing, de-
was awarded
custody of Julie on Oct. 9,
1987, through a Protection from Abuse
Order, with the advisement of Peter
I
natives.
realm of lawyers and
the judicial system
could on that case, as
losing her daughter, searching for alter-
"When you're brand new
in the
I
of them," Leipold says.
Angle wrestled with the thought of
all
realm of lawyers and
know what
Angle, who
"It
when Roy
tody of Julie in 1990.
main reason she now
only has visitation rights to
see her 10-year-old daughter.
in the
sented Angle
spite her repeated requests.
Angie was also upset
William W. Lipsitt of Harrisburg
awarded
legal custody of Julie to
Roy,
who was represented by former
Northumberland County Court Judge
James Rosini.
"During the hearing he told me to
write him notes about what I wanted,"
Angle recalls about the arrangement with
Leipold. "He did not do one thing I asked
him to do. 1 should have never lost."
her attorney failed to attack Roy's
that
al-
leged instability that she says caused
him to go through five jobs in six years
and run several businesses bankrupt.
The feeling of helplessness on the
heels of her court loss further devastated Angie.
Angie
still
owes most of
her $3,000 of legal fees to Leipold and
is
slowly paying them off.
Although Leipold refuses to discuss
byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey
28
SPECTRUM
the specifics of the case
and
his dealings
with Angie, he says he did his best and
disputes Angie's claim that he handled
her suit as
if it
were
his first child cus-
tody case.
Leipold,
who works
for
the
Bloomsburg law firm of James and
Mihalik,
is
a graduate of the University
of Toledo law school.
He
says he has
Although not satisfied with the deAngie doesn't blame Beroes for
failing to win full custody of Julie.
"I'm proud of her," Angie says.
"She's been at this for just five years.
My lawyer was up against the big boys."
Although Beroes has had limited
contact with Angie since the May 21
cision,
decision, she says she
is still
had been sexually assaulted, and
know Julie was locked in a
ter)
she didn't
cellar."
The
curred
was
cellar incident allegedly oc-
summer of 1990 when
in the
visiting
Julie
When Angie
her father.
came
to pick up her youngest daughter,
she was unable to find her and later was
handling
told Julie
Angie
the
was locked in the basement of
of Roy's stepbrother's wife.
handled between 50 and 100 child custody disputes. In addition, Leipold says
he has served as a special master for the
the case. Beroes says she asked
courts in custody cases.
returned the only message she received
Beroes also accused Roy of doing
Although Leipold claims he is fairly
knowledgeable about child custody and
other types of family law, he no longer
accepts custody cases. He is shifting his
area of concentration to commercial,
insurance, real estate, and civil litiga-
from Angie, but got no answer when she
other underhanded things during the cus-
called.
tody dispute. One that particularly appalled her was his telephoning her father-in-law and requesting him to ask
to
write from time to time but has not
received a
Beroes also says she
letter.
From the time she took over the
case in December 1990, Beroes did all
she could to sway Judge Ranck's opin-
Roy denied
Beroes
ion in favor of her client. But she says
Roy a hard lime.
some nasty cases since
to quit giving
"I've handled
I've been in practice," Beroes says.
"It's
"And that has never happened.
Never."
Despite knowing that she did
all she could, Beroes says she was
disappointed with Ranck's ruling
to grant custody to Roy. She not only
felt sorry for her client, but Beroes sympathized with Julie, whom she felt was
a victim of the system.
"There were a lot of outside influences in this case," Beroes says. "It just
some of the
more stressful work that
I've done,"
Leipold says
about child
custody
"You
tend to develop a fair
emotional investment in your
clients and in your cases. It's pretty
hard to do your job well if you don't.
When you have a situation like custody,
it's more a personal case than representing a business corporation over some
commercial contract. You tend to empathize more with your client."
Last January, Angie's case was accepted without fee by Mount Carmel
attorney Elizabeth Beroes, whose motion to modify custody was granted by
Northumberland County Judge Samuel
Ranck on Feb. 7, 199L
Beroes, who earned the Pennsylvania award for free legal work in 1990
and 1991, says she accepted Angie's
case on a pro bono basis because of
some of the unusual circumstances involved.
"Regular custody cases are usually
one hearing and that's it," Beroes says.
"But this wasn't a regular custody case.
There was a lot of fighting back and
forth."
After numerous delays. Judge
Ranck, on May 21, modified the custody agreement to allow Angie to have
Julie for six weeks in the summer, an
additional two weeks from the previous
agreement.
WINTER
that he locked his daughter
in a cellar.
tion.
battles.
home
1991-1992
seemed
that there
were
a lot of factors
that played such a significant role ver-
sus what was best for the children."
^^/»?~«»"--
argues that
was
what was best for the children. He suspects Angie may have lost because she
was asking forcustody of Julie only, not
the judge's decision
both daughters.
she became frustrated when Rosini, who
had served with Ranck as a North-
umberland County judge, was granted
three consecutive continuances.
"Rosini got
at least
for every hearing
I
one continuance
set up. That's abnor-
mal for any judge," says Beroes, who
received her law degree from Ohio State
University. "Usually, they'll give one."
Beroes also was upset with the findings of Judy Wiley, a court-appointed
who recommended Julie
would be better off living with her sister
and father. Beroes claims Wiley made
her recommendation without knowing
pyschologist
all
the facts.
"Judy Wiley didn't know two important facts," Beroes contends. "She
didn't
know Denise
[the oldest
daugh-
Keeping siblings together
is
"a fac-
considered by judges,"
Rosini says. "I think that was a very
important factor. One of the things in
tor that
'is
still
this particular
all
the
case that
way through
is
I
have argued
she has never
even asked for Denise."
But Harold Woelfel, a former
Selinsgrove attorney who was appointed
to fill a vacant seat on the Union-Snyder
County bench, disagrees. He says most
judges no longer are swayed by an unusual division of siblings in custody
cases.
"We don't have the nuclear family
anymore," Woelfel says. "We don't have
Dad going off in the DeSoto and Mom
staying
home wailing
for the bread
and
the milk and the dry cleaning to be de-
29
livered. That's not the
way our
society
works.
"There may be a very good reason
[to separate siblings], and I don't have a
particular problem with that," he says.
Woelfel has more than just a professional background in domestic disputes.
Divorced with a stepdaughter, Woelfel
the best parent for the child? Rosini
admits some members of his profession
will take on a case simply for the in-
time he has available.
come, regardless of
to win the case.
general practice attorneys
their clients' ability
most law-
would
The custody order
tell his clii
you
sweat
bullets, get angry, come back
in chambers and vent afterward," Woelfel says. "Dealto
ing with these issues
is
'He did not do one thing
I
became
When
asked him to do.
I
should
have never lost,"
part
the court, a
judge, after a few hours of testimony, is
expected to render a decision that will
serve the best interests of a child for the
If the case goes to trial, the fee
an additional $1,000 for each day in
court. Since Angle's case was in court
Beroes.
is
child custody case
lawyer representing a party in a
must deal with the
two days, Beroes said her bill would
have been more than $2,000, if she had
not been working for free.
Rosini says that when he takes on a
domestic matter, he researches and in-
same
difficult questions. Is his client
vestigates the case
rest of his life. In
most
situations, the
judge must play King Solomon and
le-
gally split the family.
A
Academic programs
for
in nearly
100 areas of study
17 graduate programs including
the
MBA,
judge issues
nursing,
cation studies,
is
tem is considered successful.
But in other cases, the involved parties drag out the
issue for extended periods of
While the custody battle
between Angie and Roy took
on some familiar patterns, one
thing was noticeably different, Rosini points out.
a judge."
a custody matter
comes before
a
init."
time.
I
of what I've chosen to do
when
are very
In these cases, the court sys-
ents not to.
"[It causes]
who
at
often strictly followed by both parties.
admits he acted as irrationally
during his divorce proceedings as he
and do as good a job as
family law because they're
terested in it and they keep up with
yers charge about $350 for handling a
regular child custody case, according to
try
can," Rosini says. "I think there are
good
In central Pennsylvania,
have to
"I
I
communi-
— within the limited
Al-
though legal precedent was
changed to end a presumption that children should be kept with
their mother, Rosini says older judges
still often subconsciously favor the
mother.
Another problem in this battle arose
because Angie received free legal services from Beroes while Rosini says his
client had to dig deep into his wallet
every time Angie took him to court.
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SPECTRUM
.
"When
a person is getting a free
child's interaction with both parents,
alleging that children can be coached to
overreacting.
custody Angie sought would be
better for Julie.
tage because they can paper you to
Rosini argues that a psychologist or
counselor must observe more of the
"They can file motion after motion that you are required
to defend and you are put at a financial
disadvantage as to what you can do."
death." Rosini says.
Woelfel agrees that is a
problem, but not an insurmountable one. He says if a
parent continues to file petitions for a custody modification without proving justification, those petitions won't
get full consideration.
literally is
ties
"My children
say almost anything.
yell
"You tend to develop a fair
emotional investment in
your
and
clients
to pre-
It's
vent frivolous motions and
too.
I
sympa-
woman whose
away
from her, and she is grabbing
at every straw she can. But I
don't think some of the things
she's doing are helping. I
your cases.
in
think she's grabbing at too
do your
pretty hard to
many
other abuses of the process.
job well
a
to
and kick,
thize with a
child has been taken
He also
Another roadblock
have never been taken
away from me," Rosini says.
"I mightclaw and scream and
points out that the legal sys-
tem has mechanisms
—
my witness
and both parhave the right to cross-examine."
Rosini says he understands why
Angie has continued to keep the matter
in the courts. But he also accuses her of
split
attorney, you're at a financial disadvan-
if
straws."
Woelfel stresses coopera-
you
don't."
tion as a big part of settling
quick decision of Angie and
custody matters without a
Roy's battle was the intro-
lengthy court battle.
duction of an outside psychologist on Angle's behalf. Rosini says
the Florida psychologist basically re-
forms parents involved
peated everything Angie had said in
court. He complained that her expert
testimony was based on short interviews
with only Angie and Julie. With this
information, the expert determined the
"If
her
dad or
own
mom
wants
psychologist,
I
to hire his or
can't stand in
the way," Woelfel says. "If people can
agree on one, that's frankly
ence.
my
prefer-
The benefit of one evaluator is
becomes the court's
that person then
witness. That person
neutral
is
—
he
He
in-
in
such cases that their cooperation with
respect to the child's best interests will
to them in court decisions.
"The issue in any custody fight is
what is in the best interest and welfare
be helpful
of the child," Woelfel says. "That
what
it's all
about."
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A BATTLE
OF
EXPERTS
Most
believe court-appointed
therapists have all the answers
but
Parents teach their children that compromise
is
shows
to teach chil-
dren the concept of cooperation.
that
county psychologist was on vacation. Wiley
chological evaluations.
witness
"This case has become a battle of ex-
But what happens when adults find
remarked
Judge Walter
is
not a licenced psychologist; she works as
a family therapist.
"It's
a
is
common
going
belief that an expert
provide the court with
to
the correct answers," says
James Dalton,
Ph.D., a clinical psychologist. "It doesn't
themselves unable to reach a compromise?
perts,"
Parents can mediate disagreements between
Lipsett, referring to the importance of psy-
always work this way, though.
but when they disagree, there
chological testimony in the custody battle.
up
their children,
is
visiting
to
A court is set
be adversarial, with two sides fighting
over what they think is right."
often no one in their family
to turn to for help.
"It's
Such is the irony of child
Dalton says
not uncommon for
it's
not un-
usual for the two sides in a
custody battle to bring in psy-
custody battles.
Parents find themselves
agencies to stipulate the tasks
chologists
unable to agree on who should
care for the children.
when they
way
be significant. They
must obtain an accurate picture of the child s
home life, and one of the most common
ways for judges to see this is through psy'
ments. Television programs like "Sesame
work
doesn't always
factors they believe to
the key to solving disagree-
Street" devote entire
it
And
to
find themselves at
such an impasse, parents must
look to courts for answers.
Angle and Roy were in a
similar situation after their
who
contradict
each other. "Parents aren't
going to let a psychologist, or
be completed during an
anyone else who might harm
chances of obtaining
their
evaluation, not the length of time
custody, testify in court," he
says.
the counselor should spend."
"They are going to seek
out people
sixteen-year relationship
who support their
side."
ended in 1987. The argument
over which parent should have custody of
the couple's two daughters, Denise, 15, and
Julie, 10, has developed into a four-year
Wiley conducted a famLipsett
awarded custody of
Julie to her fa-
therin November 1990,and admittedly based
ily
evaluation, which enables counselors to
observe interaction between families
who
on the testimony of Judith
are involved in custody battles. Wiley's
legal batde.
Wiley, a family therapist and clinical direc-
evaluation, conducted over two evenings,
The judges who hear custody cases are
forced to decide which parent would pro-
tor
of Northumberland County Counseling
consisted of meeting with Angle, Roy,
vide a better
home
for the child.
However,
judges can base their decisions on whatever
his ruling largely
Services.
Denise, and Julie as a family and also indi-
Wiley was recommended by Roy's attorney, James Rosini, because the regular
vidually.
She spent four hours interviewing
the family.
by Ellen Condron
32
SPECTRUM
In her report to the court,
Wiley ob-
served, "Julie and Denise were
laxed with their father,
more
re-
more tense with their
mother." She also stated Roy was more open
with the daughters while Angle appeared
more intense. Wiley also found the girls
were "more free and open with their father,
more cautious with their mother."
According
to
Angie was not open
because she
sat with her legs and arms twisted and she
appeared aloof. But Angie says, "I am double
She concluded
and responsive
jointed and
at
work,
it is
automatic.
I
do
it
at dinner,
at cocktail lounges, at the
pool
—
anywhere and everywhere. It is a habit."
According to Jackson, unannounced visits to a family's home would provide the
most accurate
Sue Jackson, asso-
that
to her children
portrait of the family situ-
on the testimony of a therapist can vary
greatly depending on the judge," says Jackson.
"Some judges give
Jackson believes past experiences with
custody cases also play a part in deciding
new cases."Most knowledge of child cus-
comes
tody
through experience," she says.
at
Upon
Bloomsburg Uni-
Angie
Leonard, Ph.D., a
vices in Texas, there
clinical psycholo-
of
gist specializing in
time for a family
family therapy.
evaluation.
common
Angie says she
not un-
"It is
needed
for agen-
tasks to be
to find out
how
cies to stipulate the
accurate
Wiley's evaluation
com-
was. "She [Wiley]
pleted during an
evaluation, not the
wiped up
my moth-
erhood of two children in 25 minutes
length of time the
counselor should
of testing," Angie
spend," says Jack-
would have
stopped if this
was
evaluation
says. "I
son.
Some
of the
signs social workers
negative."
observe are how well
Leonard does
the family functions
not deal with issues
together and individually,
ily
Robin
from
dren and Youth Serset length
solicited a
second evaluation
department of Chil-
no
her re-
turn to Florida,
and a former
caseworker for the
is
values
respect for social workers."
ciology and social
versity
own
and opinions with which they decide cases.
Each case depends on the judge and his
ciate professorof so-
welfare
the decision a lot of
weight, and others have their
of custody. Instead,
how fam-
she prefers to work
members react to
as what she terms a
one another and how
"people-changer."
communicate
they
their feelings
She encourages her
both
clients
through words and
to
make
positive changes in
actions.
their lives.
Based on her
"I
evaluation of the
Angie
family, Wiley recommended Julie and
changes
would be
Denise live during
make the
which
best for
her," says Leonard,
the school year with
their father,
leaned on
to
who
spend
_,^^'"'
every other holiday
with their mother,
its.
ation, but ethics prohibit such vis-
"Interviews are usually conducted
in
thinks Angie
has been a victim of "situation stress." "Situations and factors in Angle's life have left
her emotionally vulnerable."
and spend a mini-
the counselor's office because
mum of one month a
have privacy there," says Jackson. In this
case, Wiley met with the family in a church
office. Finding a neutral place sometimes
Although both parents are fighting for
what each thinks is in the best interest of the
She recommended liberal visitation and
telephone contact between both parents and
helps, according to Jackson, "because nei-
cause often has negative effects on the child.
One place where these effects can be easily
daughter has access
with an upper hand."
"The amount of weight a judge places
year
with
their
mother.
their daughters "so each
and
permission to relate to both parents."
WINTER
1991-1992
ther side feels like
it's
it is
easier to
starting the process
child, the family strife a custody battle can
measured
their time
is
—
where children spend most of
in school. Because children go
33
on a daily
to school
basis, school officials
are often able to spot any changes in a child.
Ned
Sodrick, principal of
Shamokin
Elementary School, which Julie attends, says
and counselors are seeing more
instances of famiUes involved in child cus-
"Sometimes parents come to us and
want the other parent to be kept away from
the child," says Sodrick, "But we can't do
anything until
tody battles as the divorce rate continues to
"Some
kids really struggle with the
situation, others don't,"
We Groom Them All
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aware of a
if the
on Oct. 16, 1990, to the
Northumberland County Court of Com-
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fied to
said she felt
"Each case depends on
noti-
be aware
the judge
was
& Field)
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According
Angle, Julie
went
it
in Julie's
best interest
and his respect
not to miss
school. She
in the child."
to
Pleas.
Rinehart
the
is
of any changes
(lAMS)
•
he says. "But
Julie's situation
situ-
ation,
(Science Diet)
(Bench
can Island Elementary School in
Sebastian, Fla., where Julie attended
school becomes
teacher
•
see a court order."
fourth-grade, sent a letter regarding
rise.
Large or Small
we
Celeste Rinehart, principal of Peli-
that teachers
for social workers."
wrote, "Julie
is
a well ad-
justed student
to
Sodrick and asked to talk about the custody battle, and he replied, "We don't
and is performing within an average
academic range. Because many new con-
home situations at school." Howwho ap-
cepts are introduced at the fourth grade
ever, Sodrick says any child
level,
proaches him with a problem is referred
to the school psychologist.
Schools do not become involved in
custody cases unless they are notified
by the courts that one parent is being
emotionally or academically, to have her absent from school for
any non-medical reason."
Mary Lou Austin, guidance counselor at Central
Columbia Elementary
denied access to the child.
School, says
standard school policy
discuss
I
do not
feel
it
is
in her best
interest, either
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SPECTRUM
s
s
that until a legal decision is made in a
custody case, both parents have rights
to the child. "We've never had a problem with parents trying to kidnap a
child," she says.
"Sometimes the stress of the situation
home has the potential to affect the child'
try to give as much
support to the child as we can," says Austin.
at
Northumberland County
In a letter to
Court written on Feb. 13, 1991, Davies
noted "When Julie returned after Christmas
[from visiting Roy], she was not the same
Her attention span was
student.
what
academic success, so we
is
going to happen."
Later
in the letter,
Davies
certainty that
tommorow
the el-
at
"She wiped up
ementary school
level benefit most
from one-on-one
to
my
willbeliketo-
day and not
constantly
motherhood of two
attention as op-
posed
stated, "I see
her as a fragile child that needs to have the
She believes children
shorter, her
conversations often turned to the subject of
group
changing."
children in twenty-five
support.
"Although it
would be neat to
form a support
Laura
Davis, guid-
ance
minutes of testing."
coun-
selor
at
Bloomsburg
Middle
group forchildren
going through similar experiences, children
School, says adolescent children whose par-
between the ages of six and eleven are usually too 'me centered' to benefit from group
ents have gone through a divorce
support," says Austin.
While a student at Pelican Island, Julie,
and three other children her age whose parents are divorced, met once a week with
Mary
Ellen Davies, a prevention-interven-
tion counselor.
The
seem to
want to find others who have gone through
the same thing.
"Parents are so angry that they sometimes use their child as a weapon to hurt
each other, but
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for
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SEARCHING
FOR
SOLUTIONS
In an effort to speed up the
process, parents often get
trapped
The
door to the grocery store swings
open and a man runs out screaming
hysterically, "Help!
He
shot
my boss!"
Within minutes police arrive at the scene
and the justice cycle begins.
After an investigation,
it
ends with the
The victim of
the crime
is
finally at
Child Protective Service (CPS) in the county
admission of the act or acts of abuse by the
perpetrator;
Department of Public Welfare's regional
office must conduct an investigation and
is
ports are destroyed within a year after they
determine if the report is founded, indicated,
are received."
UNFOUNDED when the report
not founded or indicated.Unfounded
According
or unfounded."
Director Jane Kearney did not
comment on whether
or not the agency has
received additional reports by Angle
peace.
a maze of agencies
children and youth agency or staff in the
CYS
criminal being caught and sentenced.
in
,
nor
to official
CYS
re-
records ob-
tained from Angle, the agency first
became
involved with her case on Oct. 11, 1990,
when CYS
But as Angle discovered, it's
filed
a report describing a sexual
assault
on Denise, Roy and
not this easy to get quick results
Angle's daughter, by a friend
from agencies that deal with do-
of Roy's. The actual date of
mestic problems.
Her search for solutions began more than a year ago and has
put her in contact with numerous
agencies, including Children and
Youth Services (CYS), a division of Northumberland County
Human
''We are a society
the incident
numbed to
Roy's friend, then 45,
is
on the document as a
babysitter to Denise, and is
Big Deal'
detailed in the report as to
listed
attitude."
have "digitally penetrated
child."
CYS conducted
According
to the case
status section of the report:
interviews based on sexual abuse
accusations which arose during the custody
did she address the issue of responding within
Angle has also claimed to have contacted CYS on several other occasions alleging abuse and says CYS did not contact her
a given period to reports.
within sufficient time after filing a report.
FOUNDED when there is a judicial adjudi-
However, according to the Pennsylvania De-
cation that the child
partment of Public Welfare's 1989 Child
CATED
Abuse Report, "within 30 days of the receipt
substantial evidence of abuse based on medi-
of a report of suspected child abuse, the
cal evidence, the
battle.
recorded as
violence with a 'No
Services.
In this case,
is
July, 1989.
Also according
to the
Public Welfare, "a report
when
the
is
determined:
was abused; INDI-
CPS
CPS
Department of
determines there
is
investigation or an
"On October
11,1990, Northumberland
County Children and Youth Services received a
CPS
referral alleging sexual
of a minor child. Child
on several occasions and
perpetrator 'was rubbing
put his hand up
in
abuse
was interviewed
stated that the
my
legs and then
my shorts and put his finger
me.' Perpetrator was interviewed on Oc-
tober 22, 1990, and denied the allegations.
by Dan Trexler
36
SPECTRUM
This case meets the criteria for sexual as-
Another division of county services.
involved sexual involvement
Juvenile Court Services, does not directly
to nine
including the touching or exposing of the
involve
says Chervanik.
sexual or other intimate parts of a person for
custody matters except when a crime
the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual
mitted by the child.
desire in either the perpetrator or subject
with kids that break the law,
sault in that
it
child. Therefore, this case is
marked
indi-
cated."
Roy, who "trusted him implicity," was
it is
is
com-
arc only involved
in
terms of
somewhat
and
from police
referrals a year, primarily
departments, says Chervanik,
Although no contact
.
different than Children
be one to three years,"
to
Juvenile Court Services receives about
550
R Chcrvanik, super-
"We do take children into custody, but
months]
case was
vices,
made with
in this particular
Juvenile Court Ser-
Angle did deal with
the
Bloomsburg
Women's Center. The Women's Center pro-
Youth."
me," he says. "I' ve known
As far as any involvement with custody
guy for over twenty some years."
Kearney refuses to comment on any
other than a criminal matter, Chervanik notes
proceedings, counseling and advice, and
from Juvenile Court Services
talked to the children concerning their feel-
hurtful situation to
this
"We
custody," says Charles
visor.
shocked with the incident. "That was a really
with cases involving child
itself
care [as opposed to the general length of six
the organization deals with,
specific case
but notes that
that officials
may be asked
recommenda-
to testify, but a
vided Angle a place
to stay
ings during the entire situation.
CYS
The Women's
in Blooms-
Center
does not usually get
burg
involved with cus-
"We
tody matters.
during the court
is
a nonprofit
organization that
don't normally deal
was formed
with custody cases.
and incorporated
It'snotourtask,"she
January 1976.
says.
primary role
in
1974
in
Its
is
to
In this particu-
provide free sup-
CYS
took
port services to vic-
only 11 days to come
tims of domestic
lar case,
based
violence, sexual as-
on talks with Denise.
sault and incest.
This 11 -day period
The center was
to a decision
es-
well within the re-
tablished to serve
quired amount of
residents of Colum-
time CYS designates
bia,
is
for the investigation.
Mon-tour,
Northum-berland
Tina Yasenchak,
and lower Luzerne
child protective ser-
counties.
The philoso-
vices supervisor,
was not permitted
phy
to
of
the
about her involvement with the
Women's Center
com-
viduals are equal
talk
case, but did
is
to
live in a nonvio-
lent
family intact."
by CYS it has
been alleged that
report
lished by the center.
Julie sustained a de-
gree of mental abuse by Roy. In this report,
1991, under Section
II
(Nature
of Abuse/Neglect) the mental injuries are
explained in that "referral stated that the
child
is
afraid of alleged perpetrator because
he had locked her in a cellar with spiders."
The date of the incident is recorded as JulyAugust, 1990. Roy, responding to this allegation, says, "I was in my legal right in not
letting Angle see her. I did that under the
advice of my attorney. He told me to do
that. Legally, I had the right to have her
here." This report was labeled unfounded
by CYS.
WINTER
1991-1992
environment,
according to a
brochure pub-
In yet another
3,
indi-
one another and
have the right to
ment that the agency
will generally "work
to keep the current
dated Jan.
that all
tion as to
"would
which parent
will gain custody
have
be made case-by-
really
to
The
center, started in part by Mel-
Dyas, executive director,
issa
the first agencies of
case."
After taking a child into custody, the
agency has two options.
It
child to a detention center,
may admit the
or may request
its
is
one of
type to be founded
and has been in Bloomsburg
almost eighteen years.
Although it is not a primary func-
in the state
for
does get involved with
the court to offer foster care, as the state of
tion, the center
Pennsylvania will no longer license Juvenile
cases that deal with child custody mat-
Court Services
ters.
If
to offer foster care.
a foster care program
will usually last forsix to nine
a hearing before a
judge
month
if
to
determine
required. "1
is
initiated
it
months, with
will only get involved
is
parent or child," says Marianna Sokol,
counseling coordinator. "The center can-
foster
not provide counseling based solely on
after the sixth
any future care
would consider long term
"Our center
with a child custody case if there has
been physical or sexual abuse to the
emotional abuse because it is not covered under the Protection of Abuse Act
and is subjective."
In custody cases, the center provides victims with a knowledge of options that he or she may take, as well as
offering counseling and support groups
pose, but didn't feel comfortable doing
advocate
preserve the family," she notes, referring to Denise possibly assuming a moth-
and accompanying those affected to trials and hearings.
"We believe in enpowerment," says
Sokol. "It is the job for the
victim to do for him or her-
and supporter for Julie as well as
erly role during times of Angle's ab-
Denise," she says.
sence and Roy's illness.
contacts with both the family and their
In speaking with Denise, Magagna
has observed a bit of vulnerability, noting that Denise is a victim of what she
attorneys.
has termed accommodation syndrome.
so," says
Magagna when speaking of her
"In most cases
my
role
child counselor; however,
is
"The child accommodates things
solely as a
my
this particular case] is a child
role [in
Through her contacts with the two
Magagna
to
further expressed concern
of the mental state of the
children, particularly
Denise, as she is not diMagagna,
rectly involved in the cusresidential
children's counselor, also betody battle, thus choosing
lieves strongly about matters
to remain with her father.
concerning custody and dois
"The child [Denise] must
mestic violence. "You have
be educated," she says. "I
to take a very, very careful
am worried as to whether
alternatives
child."
look when dealing with a dohe [Roy] is treating that."
mestic violence case," she
Angie has expressed
says. "We are a society
that she will continue to
numbed to violence with a
work with the Women's
'No Big Deal' attitude becoming more children, Magagna was able to provide Center. "I will be affiliated with the
and more apparent to me."
insight to the personalities of each, notWomen's Center for the rest of my life,
In dealing with this case, Magagna
ing that Julie suffers from what she has
whether as a speaker, or simply a volunmade several contacts with Denise and termed post-traumatic stress disorder. teer," she says, knowing full well that
Julie, both parents' attorneys, and Angie
"The child is one person here and an- her search for solutions is not over and
while she resided at the center.
other there," she says, referring to Julie's
that no answers will be found by simply
"In this case I served a dual puryelling "Help!" S
relationship with both parents.
much
Diane
self as
as possible."
"A
center
treatment
one of the worst
for a
riyi A
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USDA
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38
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SPECTRUM
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CHANGING
THE
CHANNEL
Except
in the
most
extreme situations, the media
avoids custody cases
is
a
love to see the soap-opera battles in
which couples struggle
to
win custody
The media has responded with an
array of courtroom programs and movies such as "Divorce Court," and Kramer
vs Kramer. Through
its
of Hilary, with Foretich getting two
ally a
weekends a month visitation.
According to Morgan, when Hilary
would return from these visits, she would
Morgan
of their children.
these, society can
newsworthy item
in them," he says. Usucustody case must involve sexual
or physical abuse to be considered newsworthy.
fascinated by what tranpublic
The
courtroom. People
spires inside
v Foretich, the landmark
display unusual behavior for a three year
case dealing with domestic disputes in
old child. She would describe and act
sexual molestation,
is
most publi-
the
cized child custody case to date.
It
has
out
her.
how
her father sexually molested
Both parents are now fighting for
sole custody of the
form
own impressions
The media in
case, as in most
"When a journalist gets involved
what custody battles
But because of
in
an issue such as
this,
he [must] cover
closed court records
and court hearings, the
media rarely, if ever,
gets to cover a "real"
custody case.
Rather than deal
tional
this
re-
ported custody battles,
are like.
directly with the
who is in hiding.
child,
of
it
fully. It's
seem
to focus on extraneous elements.
obviously wrong to cover
"Nobody who talks
to
one side and drop
journalism
emo-
it.
That's not
is all
what
us
ing,"
Morgan
porter.
about."
would know
which one of us
is ly-
told a re-
Nevertheless,
there continues to be a
flood of coverage on
trauma of the
media tend
parents, the
this case.
push aside such cases, unless there is
something spectacular about them.
"These types of stories do not deal
with the average person," says Jim
Boylan, Ph. D, professor of journalism
at the University of Massachusetts.
"The media tends to shy away from
to
run up over $2.5 million in legal fees
these types of issues unless there
and produced over 4,000 pages of court
transcripts. Eric Foretich was accused
of sexually molesting his daughter,
Hilary, who was born one week after
Foretich and Elizabeth Morgan ended
their short and rocky marriage.
Morgan was awarded sole custody
is
a
Meanwhile, Morgan, who
contempt charge, has sold the
is in jail
on a
rights to her
story to a television network for $250,000 to
make
a
movie about her
"We
life.
as journalists have an obliga-
tion to consider our motives," says
Ralph Izard, Ph. D, director of the school
of journalism at Ohio University.
by Matt Malinowski
40
SPECTRUM
"Is the
coverage for the public ben-
a particular issue or
efit? If so,
then the subject matter must
lar case.
expand
be handled with sensitivity," he says.
vidual,
Although it seems that the media
cover only custody cases involving
newsworthy elements. Spectrum's case
public can learn from
study
1
tries to
it
There arc more questions that need
answering, though. Even if Sylvester
the issue so the
This
it.
typical
is
claims this story was just used as an
"example," journalistic ethics implies
many newspapers. And Roy's
issue at
case wasn't an exception.
Shamokin News-Item and
that verification
"Our objective was not
a letter to the editor of
show
to
name,"
his
he says.
of the of reporting done on this type of
different.
is
Roy wrote
how could have misspelled
someone's particu-
Instead of focusing on the indi-
According
all
necessary.
is
Society of Profes-
to the
Code of
the
aspects of his particular case, or whether
sional Journalists
Sunbury Daily Item, saying he felt "betrayed" after he lost custody of his 9-
one side was right or wrong," says
Sylvester. "His case was used as an example to show his frustration with the
news media should not communicate
court system.
chance
the
year-old daughter.
The.
News-Item published the
and the Daily Item used
The
a story.
by
the Daily Item,
tody hearing.
story discussed
how people tend
to say
irrelevant things in
court. But, Sylvester
quoted Roy claiming
that he and his daughter
were not given adequate
opportunity to state
their opinions during
the master hearing.
The mother,
master weren't interviewed for verification
or response to the accusations.
in the
name was
his
from
letter
to reply."
Sylvester claims he did try
this indi-
age was
before the Court of
went
I
given
Common
my
the mother's
much
area, but
of myself to this
feel betrayed.
I
Pleas concerning custody of
My attorney
nine-year-old daughter. She
could have been done
asked
me
if
she could stay in our
area with her sister and
me
for the story he
that
all
could not reach the
mother because she lived
in Florida, and I don't re-
believe before
I
reasons that would be disclosed
someone can make a recom-
in court.
mendation
all
call if
the information
should be presented and taken
I
came time
for me to speak, it was cut short
and the hearing was ended.
when
requested,
Shocked
to either
into consideration.
it
What really
way many
men,
was made.
for the mental
health or for the safety of this
people,
women and
said they would.
do what
me.
Concern
me is
things turned out exactly the
no one had talked
of my daughters and I
that
made me
decision
bothers
It
feel guilty of trying to
my
daughter asked of
In the report,
it
sounded as
committed a criminal
if I
taken out of state and, according
nine-year-old about the court
to the
lose
recommendation,
some of the
rights
I
The
A
I've lived in this area
and
feel
had
shattered and
ously had.
life
I
it is
all
my
a good and safe
place to raise children.
I
daddy
my
lied.
prejudiced father
P.S.: Prejudice?
A judgment or
opinion formed before hand or
Sylvester did quote
torneys involved
owes
That's not what journalism
is
all
involved in a dispute that was under litigation," he says, " we decided to run an overall
story on
custody
about."
Sylvester claims the story didn't
have much to do with Roy himself, but
rather used Roy's situation as an example to broaden the whole picture of
child custody.
According
to Sylvester, the
Item occasionally receives letters
WINTER
vidual and his story, and rather than get
1991-1992
Daily
about
what
it's like
in court
for
all
people to see
and what people can expect
when they go to court."
However, Sylvester had
at-
other
in
custody cases, but "did not
recall" if he contacted
James Rosini, Roy's
attor-
ney.
When
it
was
over,
all
Sylvester believed this
case dabbled into areas
dangerous for the media,
and cases of this nature
must be approached with
caution.
"It
ful
Aug. 25, 1990, Shamokin, Pa. News-Item
to
in
court."
things
a journalist
just used
he [Roy] came across
without due examination.
have
We
example of what
act.
instilled in
asking for the truth was
would
previ-
I
faith
as an
almost
seemed of little or no
concern. She was allowed to be
himself and to his readers to cover
it fully," says Izard. "It is obviously
wrong to cover one side and then drop
it.
tried to track her
entire case.
it
not being allowed to finish, a
gets involved in an is-
it
I
down," says Sylvester.
"But as
said before, we
weren't trying to show this
I
At the hearing, which
in the article.
sue such as this, he
was doing.
"1
at the
time and there has been an
appeal.
for
did
comments
weren't entirely necessary
sexual or physical abuse
"When
make
Sylvester believes
Still,
Shamokin: Recently
mis-
wrong, and his visitation
rights were mixed up with
the mother's. Moreover,
there was no mention of
to
was unsuccessful.
but
Betrayed
child
says there
were inaccuracies
spelled,
received a
contact with the mother,
the
lawyers and the special
story: his
"We
re-
peared twelve days before Roy's Nov. 2 cus-
Even Roy
letter,
as a base for
unofficial charges affecting the moral
character without giving the accused a
article in
porter Joe Sylvester, ap-
The
it
Ethics, "the
was one of those
we had
to
be care-
with because
if
we
printed everything he
[Roy] told us about the
mother, she probably would have sued
us for libel," says Sylvester.
While
this is true, if the story
covered more than one side,
sible that other issues
it
is
would have
had
possur-
faced.
little to
say
about the inaccuracies in the story. He
claims he personally saw the copy of the
letter Roy sent, and he even believes he
had one of Roy's business cards.
"If I had his card, I have no idea
"From my
recollection,
I
case was just about a father
think this
who was
frustrated with his wife trying to get
custody of the kids," says Sylvester. " I
don't think there was any type of abuse
or anything like that." S
41
The Break-up of a Family
July
—
1971 Angle meets Roy. Two weeks later,
Angle moves Into the trailer that Roy shares
2,
Northumberland County Court
9, 1987
awards physical custody of Julie to Angle,
and Denise to Roy in an addition to the
Protection from Abuse Order. Angle is still
with a friend.
October 1971
— Angle dlscoveres that Roy
Mary and
ried to
Is
—
October
mar-
Women's
at the
has two children.
her to attorney
August
11,
1973
— Roy
Jr. is
—
with her father.
October 21, 1987
— Angle
and Julie stay with
Vermont, while
she looks for an apartment and a job in New
Hampshire.
Angle's aunt
to take her back.
—
Angle and Roy move into an apartment
because of Angle's pregnancy.
December
1987
4,
in Chester,
— Angle and Julie move into an
apartment in Claremont,
March
31, 1976
— Angle
refers
Angle and Julie leave for New
19, 1987
Hampshire. Denise stays in Pennsylvania
October
—
Fall 1975
Women's Center
Thomas E. Lelpold.
born to Roy and Mary.
Late July or early August 1975 Roy leaves to
help his daughter, Rhonda. Angle leaves
the trailer to move in with her mother in
New Hampshire. One and a half months
later she discovers she is pregnant and
begs Roy
Center. Since Mackie has
full caseload, the
She
gives birth to her first
work
starts
New
Hampshire.
at a rehabilitation center.
child, Denise.
December
February 1978
to live
1987
17,
— Angle leaves Roy and takes Denise
with her mother in
New Hampshire.
February 1989
— Roy and Mary are divorced.
— Denise leaves suicide message on
her mother's answering machine.
April 1978
— Angle returns
to
Pennsylvania with
her sister and Denise to pick up the remain-
April 1989
She ends up returning to Roy. Upon returning. Angle starts
der of their belongings.
House of Wicker home party
July 16, 1981
— Angle
— Angle leaves rehabilitation center and
starts
ill
work
— Angle
is
engaged
— Denise
is
allegedly molested by Roy's
June 1989
July 1989
—
1982 Angle enrolls as a student at
Bloomsburg University. She withdraws
the beginning of her third semester.
—
1987 Angle leaves Roy for final
She files an Intake form with the
Bloomsburg Women's Center where she
confers with attorney Peter Mackie.
1,
to Jim.
gives birth to her second
friend.
September
group home with mentally
plan.
daughter, Julie.
May
in a
clients.
(Children and Youth later labels
this Incident "Indicated.")
— Angle breaks engagement with Jim.
1990 — Angle and Julie arrive
Florida
January 1990
May
4,
in
live with
time.
June
26, 1990
—
to
Angle's mother.
Julie leaves to visit Roy.
Angle
prepared by Judy Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum
42
SPECTRUM
expects her return on July 13. Shedoesnot
January
return on schedule.
August
3,
— Angle
submits request for
Roy
to
in-
Children and Youth
for emotional abuse. Allegation determined
— Roy
1990 — Angle
July 24, 1990
1991
3,
vestigation of
custody of
files for
unfounded.
Julie.
receives custody papers
January
from Roy.
25, 1991
— Attorney Elizabeth Heroes
re-
ceives Angle's case as a pro bono appoint-
ment from Susquehanna Legal Services.
August
6,
1990
— Angle returns
search for Julie.
Julie
Pennsylvania to
She discovers later that
was staying
at
to
January
Roy's stepbrother's
30, 1991
house.
says
said
August
August
10,
16,
— Angle
custody of Denise.
1990 — Special master hearing presided
1990
August 27, 1990
—
^Julie
and Angle return
to Florida.
Roy and his attorney, James
Roy could not pick up Julie on
for
Rosini,
time, so
agreed to push back the return date.
they
files for
by Harry Klein, who says Denise will stay
with Roy and Julie with Angle.
— Angie's contempt hearing
not returning Julie on time. In defense, she
Julie returns to
Roy.
—
February
Telephone conference was held
4, 1991
between Angle and Roy.
February
6,
1991
— Angle
files a
motion for modi-
fication of Julie's custody.
October
11,
1990— Children
and Youth notified of
Denise's molestation by Roy's friend. Al-
February 28, 1991
is
October 21, 1990
—The Sunbury Daily Item
an article regarding
Roy
'
s
— Rosini
asks court to deny
Angie's modification hearing because she
legations determined indicated.
runs
also filing for an appeal. Angle drops her
appeal.
complaints about
April
the special master hearing.
— Roy's
1991
2,
contempt hearing
for not
abiding by a court order allowing Angle
October 30, 1990
— Family
therapist Judy
Wiley
liberal
November
2,
1990
— Common Pleas Judge
of both girls awarded to Roy. Angle
in the
summer
a
minimum
are
Julie can call her anytime.
awarded
April 19, 1991
He
of
is
— Roy
May
— Judge
1991
9,
modification
11,
1990
— Angle notified
that Children
and Youth has filed a report of sexual
molestation of Denise by Roy's stepfather
years earlier. Children and Youth determines these allegations unfounded.
December
19,
1990
— Angle
files a notice
of appeal
with the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.
WINTER
1991-1992
files for
awarded $50
a
support from Angle.
week.
to
Angle.
December
a result. Angle can
on Wednesdays be-
is to
return Julie by Dec. 30. Liberal phone calls
and visitations including
As
calls.
see Julie
tween 4 and 8 p.m. and every other weekend. She is allowed two phone calls a day;
Lipsitt
presides at custody hearing. Full custody
one month
phone
now only
evaluates family.
month more
Summer
1991
Samuel Ranck presides at
which Angle gets one
trial in
visitation.
— Angle wants Julie
to visit her in
Florida, in accordance with the dictates of
the court order. Angle claims Julie couldn't
come without Denise and Denise wouldn't
come without a friend. No visitation occurs. S
43
B^Ui Fiiate^m^es:
t
Work For ibu
Bdta Sigma D|lta IBEA
\Supportink the American Caf^er Society
and me Leukemia Founahdon
GamilaEpsilon Omicron rED^^"^
Supporting the American Cancer Society
Phi Sigma Xi
Sfipporting the
OE5
Ronald McDonald House
akd Big Brotfih'-LittTh^Brother\
Sigma Iota Omega I lAil
Sujjportim the Danny nppletoh Medical Fund
I^trldppa Epslloi/ TK^
!
Supporting the Special Olympics
ThetaXhi
eX
Red Cross
and Ronald McDonald House
Supporting the American
Pi
Kappa Phi
HKO
Supporting P.U.S.H/and S.HA.R.E.
Blooidsburg
University
Interfraternity Council
FACE
(continued from page 46)
Noon
says custody and divorce
cases are separate entities. Custody cases
are geared to
what
is
best for the child,
while divorce cases arc supposed to deal
primarily with what is fair and equitable
for both parties.
Gould also points out
that
many
sexual and physical abuse allegations
are simply untrue; they are tools used in
court to keep fathers
away from
their
children.
"We believe in good laws, we want
good sexual abuse laws, good protection from abuse, but right now its a
nancies, and 65 percent of high school
dropouts are children from maternal
homes. These statistics also suggest children involved in a joint custody arrangement adapt better socially and psychologically to divorce.
In an attempt to help fathers deal
with thesecrises, as well as with the loss
of seeing their child, FACE offers coun-
much of which comes from
Gould. "I'm not a counselor, but I try
awful hard," he says. The organization
offers counseling through a life-enrichment program, and also utilizes the serseling,
vices of a professional counselor,
Gould says
whom
torney," he says, adding,
yer that
we
Gould says
offers a lot of input.
tant
owned
laws,
a
Gould,
most child abuse comes from
new boyfriends that mothers
to
become involved with
after
and he admits
being harassed himself.
their divorce,
to
In
good protection from
now it's
abuse, but right
organization's
the social problems and
young people today ochomes with only a maternal par-
ent.
For example, the study reveals 70
all
juvenile suicide attempts
or deaths, 70 percent of teenage preg-
WINTER
1991-1992
it
can
is
also
to get better
members sentaresolution
a
bill
to Harrisburg, attempting to
fact that they're
the domestic relations system,
from custody
"We
to
support
don't really have
good judicial review board
and I think we need this bill,"
says Gould. "It will show the
injustices that are happena
dad away from the kids
crises affecting
percent of
house and provided
which handles everything
newsletter. These statistics suggested
cur in
a
legislation passed in state
government. Recently, FACE
being used as tools to keep
"Everytime I think of you I
slap your son."
"What can you do," says Gould.
"You can't arrest him because you can't
prove it, yet these sort of things are
happening."
A list of statistics gathered by the
U.S. Department of Justice, the National
Center for Child Abuse and Neglect, the
U.S. Department of Education, and the
National Center for Health Statistics was
published in the November 1990 issue
many of
joint
gel a task force to investigate
proven
and out of the house."
ing."
boyfriend called and told him,
that
many
in
Along with providing
saying his ex-wife's
FACE — the
an impor-
legal advice, the group
one instance, Gould
of About
is
determining
more secure environment
doing what
says a father called him in
tears,
for
for the child.
7,951 were substantiated.
According
stability
factor in
custody, and
Welfare's office of Children
that,
get a law-
good job
custody cases the father
"We believe in good laws,
we want good sexual abuse
Of
"We
a
and possibly take a down payment, as well as monthly payments."
Custody results have been favorable for the group's members. Recently,
a member gained full custody and two
others were awarded joint custody. The
organization also has two more members involved in pending custody cases.
Gould claims that in one particular case the mother was married four
times and had moved eight times, proving there was no stability for the childas
long as he remained with the mother.
However, nearly onethird of all child abuse accusations are confirmed. According to the Pennsylvania
Department
of
Public
received in 1990.
do
the client
proven fact that they're being used as tools to keep dad
away from the kids and out of
the house," he says.
Youth and Families, 24,357
reports of child abuse were
feel will
The group meets once a month,
members the opportunity to learn
of new developments, air any problems
giving
they
may be
dealing with, or possibly
counsel a fellow
member through
a cur-
According to Gould, a
major portion of the membership dues
which covers expenses such
as stamps, stationary, and the newsletter
is going toward hiring a lobbyist
to speak for FACE in Harrisburg. And,
although Gould believes this is an im-
—
—
rent crisis.
portant objective, he doesn't see this
Although it is a membership
group, FACE welcomes the public to
happening for quite some time.
and invites people
comment on the group. According
Gould, a typical meeting can last up
to
is
to
however, Gould and his members believe their main priority is to be there
their meetings,
to
first step
when
a father con-
group is to calm him and focus
on getting him visitation with his child.
This is done by referring him to an attorney, although Gould admits FACE is
tacts the
selective
when
it
comes
to legal repre-
"It's
important for fathers
to
know
they're going to have to join an organi-
zation to get what they want
—
access to
says Gould, noting,
"You're not going to be able to do it on
their children,"
your own, you're only going
to get frus-
trated.
sentation,
"We
better legislation
for a father in need.
four hours.
The
The passing of
an important priority for the group,
don't just deal with any
at-
—JANEMEHLBAUM
45
—
Back Of Tlie Book
FACEing FACTS
Local support group wants courts
"Daddies are parents,
Kramer
Kramer,
to
remember,
too''
the 1979 film,
Ina father
fought to keep custody of his
support group that deals with the issues
of divorce, support, and custody, and
young son.
Twelve years
how
they affect fathers and their chil-
"The perception of fathers is that they
dren.
"We work together to try and make
have no feelings," says Gould. "Even judges
vs.
later, a father sits in
make
the system a lot fairer
an attorney's office, strategically planning a case to gain him joint custody of
better laws,
his child.
toward fathers and their children," says
Gould, noting, "We feel there's a great
bias in the family court system right
now."
Gould became affiliated with
FACE through his own child custody
battles. He now has shared custody of
his five-year old daughter, whom he
sees every weekend. He also admits he
Although the two scenarios are
alike, there is a difference.
The
latter is
not the plot of a box-office smash;
it's
and today, more and more fathers are able to gain joint custody
and many times full custody through
the help of an organization called FACE
(Fathers' and Children's Equality).
Founded in 1978
real life,
—
than what
it
is,
a lot
more equitable
don't lose that tender years doctrine, which
went out many years ago."
Gould believes fathers are being
deprived their right to see their children, and that lawyers make deals with
the fathers using the children as bait.
"I have a letter from an attorney
to one of our members saying, 'When
you give mom everything she wants in
property division, we'll start letting you
see your child.' This is signed by an
adding, "They can't
get out of it and say
they don't make deals
ganization
has
branched into several
chapters across the
that. They do
make deals, and its ab-
like
including a local
chapter headed by
gain an additional day with her.
attorney," says Gould,
in Philadelphia, the or-
state,
will be spending time in court trying to
Bob
solutely crazy."
Gould, Hazleton. Gould
chapter which includes
David Noon, an
attorney
from
Ashland, disagrees.
Luzerne, Carbon, and
"Any
Columbia counties.
In
existence
since April 1991, Gould
this
serves as president of a
father accepting
kind of deal is not
receiving effective
representation from
his attorney," he says.
believes his chapter has
accomplished much for
fathers
"We're
in
just establish-
ing ourselves right
and
According
Noon,
the area.
visitation
now
to
the issues of
and divorce
are separate, and to
takes a long time
mix them together
just to get together,"
would be inappropri-
says Gould, adding, "I
is no court
mix the two,"
says Noon, pointing
out, "They are not re-
feel
it
great because
ate.
think we've done a lot
in the past
few months."
FACE
thers'
46
is
a
fa-
advocacy and
"There
that will
I
FACE'S logo, which appears on the
group'
monthly newsletter, About FACE
lated."
(continued on page 45)
SPECTRUM
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1
(gc^toou^
The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties
Sprinfi-Suinmer 1991 Vol. 5, No.
Ail-American Magazine, Associated Collcgiaic Press
Medalist Award, Columbia Scholaslic Press Association
First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists
FEATURES
Living In The Danger Zone by Michelle Epstein
Some former
Centralia residents are forced to
move
6
again
Paqc 14
Fighting
Bloom High
A
Losing Battle by Matt Malinowski
athletics proposal receives little
10
response
The ABC's Of Home School by Judy Kosman
For many parents, education is a family matter
A Bundle Of Options by Kami Silk
Midwives provide a traditional alternative to hospital
14
births
Traveling Through Time by Dan Trexler
Knoebels Amusement Resort provides generations of family fun
18
22
Page 18
Into
The
The Wild Bloom Yonder by Jane Mehlbaum
sky's the limit for
Nutrition
New
26
Columbia Aircraft Services
Roundup: Buffalo by Renee Farrell
food craze
is
30
lassoed by health conscious people
A Time To S.H.A.R.E. by Jennifer Stefanick
College students teach local children valuable lessons about
life
Beyond Blue Ribbons by Jennifer Moon
32
A lifetime of experience with the county's young riders
36
In The Passing Lane by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen
Fleetwood IndusU-ies leaves many of its competitors in the dust
38
DEPARTMENTS
ABOUT THE COVER:
Behind the Lines
Sherry Karpinski, a
4
Knoebels employee,
paints a horse for The
Grand Carousel during the resort's offseason.
V^ Photo by Marlin Wagner^
— Health Risk Bloomsburg by Linda Moisey
Back of the Book —The Art of Learning by Jane Mehlbaum
The Cutting Edge
in
5
42
LIVING
IN
THE
u
some former Centralia
forced to move again
After relocating once,
residents are
by Michelle Epstein
To remember
remember
the families and the
are perched on the hillside along Route 61 in
Columbia County. The lawns are landscaped, the insides decorated. The owners planned to live in them and pass on the equity to
businesses that were affected by the mine fire that's been burning
their children.
until July
However, some of the houses have boarded windows instead of
lacy curtains. One house has a broken swing laying in the dirt, rotung
the Ccnu-aUa
into the earth. There's a stillness that surpasses the quiet beauty of this
mately 195 acres burning beneath the ground.
Beautiful homes
mountain region.
It's
a scene out of an eerie late night horror movie.
Linda Wallace's husband and
brother built their house, believing
"I feared for
American dream of owning
and improving one's home. But the
improvements didn't last long because they didn't build their home on
in the
children
ofCentralia.
fell
left
behind
mine fire, the ceaseless struggles with bureaucracy,
and the pain of up-rooting
Now,
my two young
the
mine fire was the presence
of hazardous combustion
gases, in addition to carbon
to play only
monoxide and carbon
she will have to
fell
move
through a hole
again.
in the
ground."
diox-
ide.
like
families, did not want to
many
move
from the area where they
grew up, so they asked The
Department of Environmental Resources (DER) and U.S. Office of
Surface Mining (OSM) repeatedly whether or not the area on Route
,
my two young children, who used to play only
blocks from where a young boy
says.
.
61 Locust Mt., was safe and far enough away from the
their family.
and the nightmare had begun again.
In 1984, when Linda Wallace's family first relocated from Centralia, she remembers the relief that came from leaving the danger
Instead, the su-ugglc
behind. "I feared for
to
far
town seven years ago. They thought they
the horrors of the
wasn't
Another report from the U.S Department of the Interior stated that
the major problem caused by
through a hole
And the Wallaces aren't
It
1983 that an Engineering Analysis report (GAI report)
Committee on Human Development shook the town. It
would cost an estimated $660 million to rid the town of approxi-
who used
any family. They relocated from
the coal mining
under the borough and the surrounding area since 1962.
The Wallaces,
They built their home justoutside
just
to
is
blocks from where a young boy
any highway.
just
Centralia
in the
ground," she
fire.
DER and
OSM would not give the Wallaces an answer. They would only admit
that "could be" a potential danger zone. Still, DER and OSM did not
it
tell
them they couldn't move
ing
is
that they
could have
to the area.
let
"The thing that is so frustrat-
us know," says Linda Wallace.
Six months after the Wallaces and others built their
DER extended the impact zone to include Route 61
.
new homes,
State legislation
Spectrum
now
forbids rclocalion funding for
occupying a property
after
anyone owning or
September
TheclinchercamconJuly
1983.
3,
15, 1985,
when Nicholas
DeBencdictis, Secretary of the Department of Envi-
ronmental Resources, wrote a
memo
The Depart-
to
ment of Community Affairs and to the Disaster Program Division. The memo stated tliat because of the
findings in the GAI report, the funds available from
OSM — the remainder of the $42 million allocated for
relocation
—could not be used
for relocation purposes
PENNSYLVANIA'S
HOMETOWN PARK
Good Old-Fashioned Family Fun.
"Whai me memo
aia was
A good sign
create an economic
of good times
disaster for every family
located on Route 61."
Fun!
in
an area where people had knowingly built in a
potential
"What the memo did was create an economic
ter for
Soar on the Phoenix
-
rated one of America's
danger zone.
disas-
every family located on Route 61," says Klink.
10 best roller coasters. Relax
on the Pioneer Train
ride,
Immediately, twenty-six properties, sixteen of which
were
built before
September 1983,
lost
much
of their
value and the local lending institutions were in a panic,
says Klink.
Fantasy!
Linda Wallace and her brother-in-law, Tom Wallace who lives next door, started to make phone calls in
order to relocate from the area that was
Step back
Rainbow
an economic disaster. "We've been fighting this for six
years," says
Linda Wallace.
the animated Hard
Luck Bears or
owns because he intended
sible to
And you
your
Flume or
bels 500-site
the beautiful
in
Crystal Pool.
did,
residents
however, win the buy-out of his house; the
who had
erties.
would
built after
set a
September
precedent for
all
3,
of us.
Affairs,
re-
Food!
Savor the sweets, test the
award-winning pizza or
Not knowing where to turn, Linda Wallace sought
the recommendation of Klink. Although he has a con-
down
recommended
outspoken
in his beliefs.
He
the families form a group and take their
plight to U.S. Rep. Paul Kanjorski. Linda
government
—but nothing was
done.
It
wasn't until October 1990 that Kanjorski was able
to get a bill
passed through Congress that would
in-
clude the remaining ten properties in the acquisition
of Route 61. According to Michael Carroll, district
Spring-Summer 1991
at the
to a delicious
sit
dinner
Alamo Restaurant.
Knoebels
is
famous
for
its
taste treats!
Wallace has
a file, inches thick, of exchanges between the group and
the state and federal
campground.
There are
versed the decision of the hearing officer.
is
Knoe-
1983, be-
But the residents' happiness was short-lived.
with the state, Klink
short. Visit
of their prop-
Karen Miller, Secretary of Community
tract
visit
over 35 rides for the kid in
all
lieved this
if
don't have to cut
cool off on the Giant
acreage.
He
the
...
you dare!
to build a
would have been almost imposcreate a sewer system along the mountainous
it
visit
Haunted Mansion
administrative hearing. Lynott lost his case for a buy-
development, and
Story-
time Castle, cheer
Another resident, Tom Lynott, who owns much of
the mountain and a house, took the matter to a state
out of the land he
in
time at the
now considered
America's
Lai^est Free Admission Amusement Park
Rt 487, PO Box 317, Elysburg, Pa
(717) 672-2572
Campground Phone No.
(717)672-9555
^
.
director, Kanjorski is
trying to get additional relocation funds
still
for twenty-nine families wfio
Over 200 years
of growth
were relocated
in
1980-1981 from
Centralia.
Those twenty-nine properties were given twenty percent less than
market value because it was deemed their properties were on top
of a mine fire and therefore constituted a twenty percent depreciation.
fair
"The reason we are having difficulty getting this issue resolved is that
the appropriations committee does not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs," says Carrol.
A
proud past
A
In order for the remaining ten families to receive the relocation
.
.
.
money on Route 61
There
bright future
it
was not enough
for the bill to
be approved.
the matter of red tape. Reports have to be submitted to
is still
DER, DCA, and
finally to
Redevelopment before the
acquisitions
can begin. "The money's there," says Linda Wallace. According
Klink, there
•
Excellent schools
•
Diversified industry
•
Modem
•
Planning and zoning
•
Central business district
"We're
is
waiting," says Linda Wallace, laughing slighOy, an
still
edge of sarcasm
in
her voice. "If DeBenedictis had done his job, none
of this would have happened.
Had this area not been deemed a danger
zone, our properties would not have been affected.
waste treatment plant
to
about $9 million still available for relocation purposes.
evidence that the
fire will
No one has shown
spread this way."
However, Carroll says, it was better for DER to admit they had
made a mistake in allowing families to move to Route 6 1 now, instead
of waiting for the fire to actually move beneath Route 61. Linda
Wallace pauses to look around her home "When we move away
—
from here,
revitalization
it
will break
Robert Netchel
•
Neighborhood recreation areas
•
Ber- Vaughn Park
is
my
husband's heart."
one of only a couple of residents who is not
I see evidence of a mine fire specifi-
interested in relocating. "Until
cally approaching
my housel feel obligated to stay," says Netchel. He
is not concerned with equity. "We' veput our love
and sweat into building our home," says Netchel, "There's not
has no children and
Borough Officers
Mayor Lou Biacchi
:
Councilmen:
Frank Buffone, pres.
Andrew Soback, v.p.
Walter Hause
Scot Kaufman
Lamon
Bob Reap
Dave Walton
Bill
"The reason we are having
difficulty getting this
issue resolved
is
because the
appropriations committee does
not want to set a precedent for
other relocation programs."
enough money on earth worth leaving." He's sorry to see his
neighbors go. "They've been good neighbors," he says.
According to Klink, Netchel and his wife will have a year to
change their minds. The Relocation program has just been granted an
Borough of Berwick
344 Market Street
Berwick
752-2723
extension to June 1992 in order to relocate and demolish the
last
remaining properties.
David Good, chief assessor for Columbia County,
on Route 61 will be re-assessed by July of
this year for 1992. "In a depressed area, such as Route 61, the reassessed value will lower taxes in some cases as much as $700." The
According
to
the value of the properties
houses are currently valued between $23,000-$95,000 according
to
the accessor.
Kathy Kuzma
built her
home
eleven years ago, long before the
Spectrum
September 1983
legislation. "I've just
agreed to the proposal for
my
house," says Kuzma. Although satisfied with the amount she will
receive, she says she will have to build a
However, Kuzma
much
smaller house.
upset with the salvage rights for this project.
is
Originally in Centralia, those residents were allowed to take every-
"Most of
thing from the kitchen sink to insulation.
stripped their
homes and
the residents
however, the residents must use what they lake
project,
in their
new
home.
Kuzma's complaint
Come & Spend
sold what they could," says Klink. For this
that since she
is
is
much
building a
smaller
the Day
house, she will be unable to take everything she wants. Klink says that
the salvage rights will be
"We have
monitored and enforced. This will involve
lost
land once already
because we didn't get the
money. It's an awful waiting
Bring the enlire family and spend
a day at the Susquehanna Energy
Informalion Center and Riverlands
recreation area See the eye-calch
ing displays Try our educational
compuler games that tell the
game. Now, we've found some
new land and are just hoping
energy story
that the seller will wait."
new home and seeing that items, such as
windows, sliding, and fixtures, taken from the previous home have
been used in the new one.
Joe Martdrano, chairman of the building committee for Habitat
for Humanity, an organization which is trying to eliminate poverty
going into each and every
housing, says the group has asked
their cause.
"\Vc hope to
if it
can salvage the properties for
literally take the
Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
and picnic m the 400-acre River
lands recreation area and nature
preserve Or, call and make arrange
ments to en)oy one of the nature and
recreational programs presented by ou
resident naturalist,
Complete your
trip with a bus tour
the
perimeter of the Susquehanna Steam Electric
Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
calling the information Center m advance. Call
(717)542-2131 for mtormation.
It would
plywood and
windows," says Martdrano. Redevelopment is cooperating fully, but
it's the demolition contractor who will have the final say. "We
We're a non-profit organizaand any materials we take can be a tax deduction for the
believe the contractor will cooperate.
a
demolished.
I
bear, they
still
Sun
through
,
Noon
Sal,. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
Mon ihrough FrI.. 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m.
Sal .11a m 4 p.m., Sun.. Noon-4 p.m
my house
couldn't bear to watch that." If leaving their homes,
memories, and
Mon
April-OcI
For informalion 0311(717) 542-2131
Sighing, Kuzma adds, "I wouldn't want to be here when
their
Susquehanna Energy Informadon Center
Nov -March
contractor," he says.
is
..•!
house down.
involve getting 'big ticket' items, including sheeting,
tion
with Us
their possessions isn't
enough
don 't know how much the proposal
for the families to
for their
home will
make any plans, we don't know when we're getting the
how much we will get," says Thomas Wallace.
we've been told is that we will get fair market value for our
O
Riverlands
Daily 8
•
Wetlands
am
lo
•
Council
dusk
For miormalion
Cup
Stalling
call (717)
Mon
Ihrough
Fri
.
8
am
4 p
r
542-2306
be. "I can't
money
or
"All
home as well as relocation benefits," says Linda Wallace. According
Admission
i8
is
FREE
Located on Route 1 1 just live miles north ol Berwick. Owned and operated
by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co and Allegheny Electric Cooperative Inc.
.
to Klink, two appraisals will be done and the higher of the two used.
Once
which
to
the check
is
issued, residents will be given sixty days in
move
vacate their homes. If they are unable to
out in sixty
days, they will be required to pay rent to the (state) in order to stay in
their
homes.
"We
have
lost land
once already because
money," says Linda Wallace.
"It's
we
didn't get the
an awful waiting game.
we've found some new land and arc just hoping
Now,
that the seller will
wait."
The new land
enough
this lime,"
is
about six miles away.
says Linda Wallace.
Spring-Summer 1991
S
"We
just
hope
it's far
^^
'
Fighting
A
recent proposal
change the
to
^
k t
i
competition level
Bloomsburg
for
athletics receives
response from
the school board
little
Losing Battle
by Matt Malinowski
"You
Sophomore Mark McDonald can remem-
can't put the students
up against
winning about half its games. AtBloomsburg
happening. Since there is not much
ber his spikes slowly sinking into the
impossible odds by asking them to play
this isn't
two inches ofmud that covered the sidelines
as he watched his Bloomsburg High School
against schools that are considerably larger,"
housing being built
football
team lose
its final
ways
regular season
West Hazleton,
21-0. This was the beginning ofwhat was to
be a 28 game losing streak, one that would
last the rest of McDonald's high school
game of the 1987 season
to
to
improve the program
let
of student body growth has contributed to the
team's recent struggles.
not only concerned about the
Bridenstine believed the school's population
football program, but with all the "major"
was more in balance with other area schools.
sports.
He
discov-
one season before the losing streak be-
of some sports over
the last ten years
Championship and qualified for theEast-
were worse than the
Conference
As
football team's.
finals.
with every slumping program, ex-
cuses are many. In this case, a
member
brought
mation
of
now
faces
played when they
is
not equal to the teams
won
the
championship
it
in
1987.
Don
then
why
Bridenstirie, parent of a
former
infor-
newspaper.
He believes
cent lack of success of the team
is
greater size of their competition.
play a
high.
anything then because
it
to
just never occurred
me," he says.
Adding
this
to
some
The school board,
offers ten
however, showed
response to his
schools the same size offer as few as
little
re-
male varsity
sports, while
six.
"The more sports offered to the student body,
board review the
"I think
ing a notch above where
we
who the
are play-
we ought to be
in
a couple of cases." Bridenstine points out
I
was too
ing to present his idea.
teams play," he says.
due to the
petition
problem, Bloomsburg
"I suggested the
the re-
Thus, he never believed the level of com"I never tried to change
of your league."
to the next
school's athletic policy, in so far as
football player, noticed the
team's recent struggles through the scores
in the local
A school,
AAA school? It's out
He
quest.
Bloomsburg
10
this
you're an
'If
school board meet-
the community believes the competition the
school
When his son played a few years earlier,
last ten years.
gan, Bloomsburg won the Susquehanna Val-
em
increasing at a more rapid rate than
information, ranging from the population
ered that the records
ley
is
of local schools to the records of Bloomsburg
alone have a chance to win them. However,
just
Bloomsburg Area
,
schools
last fall.
in the
School District the population of other area
Bloomsburg's. Bridenstine believes this lack
He was
For over two years, the Bloomsburg
looking for
Bridenstine researched and compiled
teams over the
football career.
Panthers could rarely keep games close,
who began
says Bridenstine,
that over a period of lime, a
team should be
the thinner the spread of students in those
sports," says Bridenstine.
Bloomsburg
football
may be
As
a result,
losing
more
athletes to other sports than their competition.
same
"Theobjectofsportsistowin.Butatthe
time,
it is
to give yourself a
chance to
Spectrum
win," he says. "With
all
numbers win."
Tom Lynn, former
other things being
football
coach and
current athletic director of Bloomsburg, believes
it is
Dr. Gerald Powers, school board presi
dent, initially agreed with
equal,
virtually impossible to
with schools athletically
if
compete
over Selinsgrove, a
"Some
they constantly
AAA
than bigger schools
bers.
to get
And
good
You have
in football,
great athlete to
takes
it
make a winning team. That is
what the problem
Bloomsburg
is
is."
A
a Class
school, and in
Powers. "Last
we were beaten badly by ^,—
some smaller schools, and then /
we
^..^t^,,^.^.
beat the biggest school in
[.
>'?
r^
we
make to Bridenstine. We
may not win ifwe move down." But Briden-
our league. That's the point
are trying to
stine points out that "at least the
chances
school, then
why
would seem to be better."
Powers did suggest, however, that the
league may need readjustment. According to
AAA school?" asks Bridenstine.
"It's
Powers, the league could be
the course of
one season, the Panthers must
play nearly half
tlieir
schedule against
schools. "If you're an
play a
a better
more nummore than one
athletes with
to athletics," says
season
^
school.
much better
when it comes
Southern Columbia, are
"The pool of athletes becomes the biggest
concern," says Lynn. "If you have a pool of
200 people and a pool of 300, who's going to
chance
But the
smaller schools, such as
have the number advantiige.
get the better people?
it.
mood of Powers swayed after the
game losing streak ended with a w
A
AAA
Bob Quick
"When you play
split into
two
out of your league." Current coach
divisions, one with the bigger schools, the
agrees with Bridenstine.
otlier
with the smaller. This way, the smaller
against a larger school, you don' t just lose the
schools could
game, you also lose physically," says Quick.
losing to
"You can
play.
lose athletes [to injury] during
those games.
schools your
It is
It
hurts your chances against
own
size."
ultimately the school board's deci-
sion to accept Bridenstine's proposal, and
It
still
play the larger ones, but
them would not hurt
also
would
among
let
in divisional
schools judge where
make another
lem
is
division, and the major prob-
finding schools from the area that
fit
into the small school category.
Bridenstine says he
is
a
little
disturbed
nobody else has stepped forward to the school
board
to
help his cause. "Everybody
I
have
other schools of similar
talked to has agreed with me, outside of the
size.
However, Quick points out there is a
in this idea. The initial problem is
whether or not there are enough schools to
school board," he says. "I'm not aware of
major flaw
anybody who's done anything
they stand
to support
it."
Some support for his proposal came from
For Beer on a !Budget
"Stop at the BCinkin^ Li^ht"
Av#ards« Trophies
Plaques* Silk Screening
Engraving* Embroidery
Inn
CCeo's
fit.
42
&>
Hain
D.J. Tri.
Spring-Summer 1991
8o
St.,
Sat.
Numidia
Nights
Sporting Goods & Appare!
Licensed Mdse. & Appare
Wagner's Trophies
6c Engraveables
138
E.
Main
St.,
Bloomsburg
784-6025
11
against other schools in different sports other
than football." But Bridenstine's research
School Populations 1989-90
shows
W^^^M^MgfMfMfMfi
^smms^m'
^^^g^^ZSQZ^SZS!
Selinsgrove
Mifflinburg
v^M^f^y^^Mf^^MfMmmm
years.
Danville
say, however, the issue
is
firms this, saying the issue is brought up after
every season for each sport.
Lynn
Cent. Columbia
issue
Lewisburg
believes a big problem with the
the population of the school
is that
constantly fluctuating.
Williamsport
BL00M5BURG
of Males
the best football team ever assembled and not
^^g^^
Columbia
get the points to play for a state
title."
The district point system makes dropping
800
600
400
200
is
"We can schedule all
A schools now and in two years possibly be
a AA school," Lynn points out. "We could be
School
in
Muncy
So.
Lynn does
under constant evaluation, and Powers con-
Warrior Run
5.
major sports have had
one being wreswhich hasn't had a winning season in
tling,
^mmm
Milton
that the other
less success than football,
the level of competition a problem. District
computed by the number of victoand the size of your opponents.
ratings are
Data Provided by Bob Quick and Gerald Powers
ries
A victory against any size school is worth
ihe Press-Enlerprise,
We're
inc a rose in
which gave Bridcnstweekly "Roses and Thorns"
that,"
Lynn says his attitude to-
As
iis
section for his idea.
at the point
where we've reached
he says.
athletic director,
Lynn
believes he
You
five points.
receive four additional
points for playing a
AAAA school, three for
AAA, two for AA,
and one for A.
of com-
Hence, a victory against a
AAAA
wards the subject has changed from the time
must be
fair to all sports. If the level
When
petition
would drop for football, then it would
worth nine
have
drop for every sport. "Football
them, even if you lose, is automatically worth
he was a coach to athletic director.
coaching,
Lynn believed
his
team was often
overmatched. "You can't put a 119 pound
wrestler up against a 185
pound
wrestler.
to
parently
all
that matters
should," says Lynn.
332 Main
^^^
St.
ap-
is
but just playing
four points.
"We have good records
^
PIZZA
is
and other sports
district points,
Therefore, only scheduling schools that
TOWN
Catawissa
356-2188
TRADITIONAL & SICILIAN PIZZA
DINNERS
Lasagna
•
Spaghetti
Cheese Ravioli
•
•
Spaghetti and Meatballs
Manicotti
•
Stuffed Shells
HOT & COLD SUBS
Tues-Thurs. 11-10 • Fri. & Sat. 11-11
• Closed Monday *
12
•
Sun. 4-10
Spectrum
arc
AA
and
A make
it
difficult to enter the
fact there
it
However, Quick and Bridcnstine believe
always necessary to play games for
done
isn't
this reason.
"Do you
do you
U-y to
play
to
up to the students themselves
it's
speak up on the
your best football every Friday night?" says
who must endure
Quick. "I'd rather have a successful regular
the gridiron.
issue, for they arc the
When McDonald,
freshman
"You don't always
win every
game than play in any
post-season game."
to
Regardless of
learn things in
any
"Your Shasta Top
Volume Dealer"
it
that
way,
for
are wrong.' That's what's a
little
Area's Largest
sullenly, "I loved
work
Selection of
results
games, and not quit
wouldn't be a bad
it
But they don't see
no
dishearten-
was discussed at the next
school board work session, but little was
done about it. He's not upset the issue was
The
A: IIV s
should have been his
Still,
good reasons I can think of. At least give me
something back that says, 'This is why you
ing."
Blooms-
was very disappointing."
Powers believes that results don't
always separate the winners from the losers.
"Any kid who can put on a uniform, lose 28
make any difference to
make the change," he says.
just thought
at
University,
football, but to
playing against odds they don't have to play
I
Motors
so hard practicing every day and never get
"I think it's unfortunate that the kids are
idea.
by
is
the issue. "It doesn't
against.
life
winning."
not going back to the school board to press
don't
currently a
"glory days," he says
strongly he believes,
me if they
burg
ones
bruises on
looks back at what
how
Bridenstinc says he
bumps and
tlie
season by having a
chance
Heritage
in the future.
Perhaps
play a football season
solely for district points, or
was seemingly little response. How-
Powers and Lynn say the issue is"always
being looked at," and something may be
ever,
post-season district playoffs.
topic
neither approved nor dropped, but rather the
is
That
isn't a loser.
to
me
a winner, because not everyone can do
that," says
RVs
Motor Homes
Powers. "In sports, we always get
hung up on winning. But you don't always
learn things in life by winning."
It's been said that it's not whether you win
or lose, it s how you play the game. B ut after
two and a half years of losing, maybe it's ume
to give Bloomsburg a fair chance to win.S
Travel Trailers
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Spring-Summer 1991
Pizza, Inc.
13
a
The
school
bell
Marzewski
never rings for the
children, but recess
comes
just the same, bringing different kinds of
amusement
to
each child. Jason puts away
his seventh-grade history
and math books
home schoolers, Marzewski now spends her
days in the "school room" of her home
room
room outfitted with desks and various school
supplies. The three children can often be
tional activities
—
found there together,
in a
one-room school
one anothers'
and reaches for sketching paper and a book of
house
military planes. Esther, a second-gradcr,rcads
lessons and working on their assignments for
a book about sea otters to her
the day. Jason
who
Sara
clutches a doll almost half her size.
These are the only three
the
little sister
Marzewski
living
at recess today, but
room wasn't made
for
situation, listening to
works with his mother daily on
history, math, english
and science. Esther
concentrates on reading, writing, and spelling.
And Sara, at a level just below kindergar-
and chores.
them lessons when they
don't know they're learning," Marzewski
When
says.
Learning has always been a part of
home life. But, since
September, Jane Marzewski has ac-
cepted the responsibility for her
brood's complete education. She
tries to
properties that explain ho
rise.
And in
to discover
dumb
to Dr.
Miller. Prior to 1988, the superinten-
State
to 5,000
parents in the state have opted to explore
offer her.
She especially enjoys
to
listening to
Marzewski intends
to follow the
180 day
she notes these days will have more natural
rise. "I
suspect the
number of
a
little later
one day
if
much
incon-
sistency within the state system.
Now,
on home schoolers
restrictions
A
more
who wants
are
their local school district.
The parent must
have a high school diploma or
which
tional
is
to
its
equivalent
determined by a General Educa-
Development (GED)
test.
The home
time," she says. "This
mit a statement of teaching goals and objec-
can be sure that
But learning
parent
school supervisor candidate must also sub-
covered the material."
I
go
less.
work-
areas are going up while others remain stable."
way,
But,
"We may
the lesson we're
ing on requires
Having joined the increasing ranks of
districts.
breaks than in a public school.
home schoolers is increasing," he says, "but
it is a pocket phenomena in which certain
14
the courts said this
teach in the home must submit an affidavit to
And Miller says
that he believes the incidenceof home schoolon the
However,
classes.
requirement of many school
is
to
considerably
schooling as an alternative to formal
across 500 school disU"icts.
had
stories and participating in her older siblings'
education. These parents are distributed
ing
district
approve a parent's home schooling
to teach."
any lesson her mother has
al-
to parents, according to
practice allowed for too
ten, delights in
Ken Miller of the
covers the windshield
frost
nights.
dent of the local school
plan.
schooling.
According
home
why
This kind of freedom was not
ents in Pennsylvania who have turned
Department of Education, 3,500
w yeast makes bread
the car, she challenges the three
ways given
convince people they
are too
is
explain mathematical
tries to
concepts like frac- tions, and the chemical
"I believe the school system
one of an increasing number of par-
home
the children help her bake, for
example, she
on cold
the Marzewski 's
often
"I like to give
many more.
to
Marzewski home. She
in the
interjects lessons into her children's recrea-
I
have completely
isn't restricted to the class-
tives
and undergo various criminal
history
checks.
The parent may
or
may
not choose to
Spectrum
follow ihc curriculum of ihc school
district.
However, the home school supervisor must
keep a log of what has been taught and a
portfolio of the child's work. This material
is
reviewed once a year by an evaluator who delivers a testimonial to the
school
district.
Home schoolers arc required to teach five
hours per day for elementary children, and
five
Even more than
and a half hours per day forchildrcn over
twelve.
her lessons, Sara
The parents may conceivably teach
from kindergarten through grade twelve
loves having her
if
mother and siblings
they choose to do so.
home every
However, unless a special formal education process is
followed, the state
obligated to supply the child with a diploma,
says Miller. This can cause problems
if
day.
Today, her mother
reads to her about
sea otters.
not
is
the
go to college. In such cases,
the child would have to pass the GED or high
school equivalency exam.
Most colleges have realized that home
child wishes to
schooling
tion
is
a viable option to formal educa-
to make policy decisions
home schooled admission candidates.
and have had
about
Photo by Jennifer Moon
"We do not discriminate against them," says
GED is an acceptable
Bcrnie Vinovrski, Director of Admissions
not have a diploma, a
at
Bloomsburg University. "But, they must
have competitive SAT's and a high school
diploma in order to be considered." How-
substitute.
have the child's best
Marzewski
ever, Vinovrski says, if the applicant
Having made the decision to educate at
home, Marzewski had to make arrangements
with the Millville Area School District. "They
•
docs
Academic programs
MBA,
communication
nursing,
studies,
and
education
•11
just playing
"Parents teach their children from con-
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continuing education programs
•
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hooky."
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Programs
•
sure you
BLOOMSBURG
17 graduate programs,
including the
says,
make
interests at heart,"
in
nearly 100 areas of study
•
(the school district officials)
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services for business and
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•
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Spring-Summer 1991
For more information about
Bloomsburg
University, call Admissions
(717) 389-4316
15
husband David. She says she was very
opti-
mistic about teaching at that time but, "that
was twenty years ago, and
things are differ-
ent now."
Dissatisfaction with the school system
firstencouraged Marzewski to research home
schooling possibilities.
"My
son was
terror-
ized by a kindergarten teacher who screamed
at the children
idiot,"
and told Jason he was an
she says.
According to Marzewski, her son 's teacher
did not follow up on lesson material properly
and then blamed the children when they
didn't understand her. "She would tell the
class to write the numbers from one through
a hundred," she says. "But, she did not check
their progress during the exercise; so, she
was not
there to help
them
if
they had
made
a mistake at ten."
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Jason, Esther, and Sara Marzewski spend an afternoon learning about finance
and mathematics the old fashioned way through a rousing game of Monopoly.
—
ccption on up whether they realize
Marzewski notes.
"But, once children reach a
it
I
grade
first
we're no
believe the school system
youiiComt
tries to
convince people they arc too dumb to
leach; that just isn't true."
level, they [the schools] try to tell us
longer qualified.
or not,"
'Bacl
Marzewski taught second-graders in Alayear and a half. She left teaching
go back to college, where she met her
In his later school years, Jason developed
school. Finally, his mother entered him in a
where he could get
private Christian school
more personalized instruction. "But, by this
time he had a lot of catching up to do," she
says."He needed more individualized attention than the school could spare."
bama for a
to
math and did not enjoy
a real problem with
am
'1 feel I
person to
^orSi^peat Performance
the best
tell
children what
all
about.
my
life is
Why settle
for second best?"
In a classroom with fifteen to twenty
other students, children will often
minds wander. But, Marzewski
"Encore Oiair
& Ccmvpus CCtpper
one-to-one basis,
if
let their
says,
on a
the child tunes out, you
can bring him back immediately.
Marzewski
feels the school
system
is
not
ideal for educating children. In such a sys-
J^uCC Service O^amity Salons
tem, children are more infiuenced by peer
pressure than by anything academic, she
Styles»Cuts»Perms»Coloring
says.
Walk-ins
At home, she believes, her children can
concentrate on learning.
Special Rates for Students and Senior Citizens
"My children don't feel they have to have
Welcome
the latest thing all their friends are getting,"
she says. In this way, Marzewski believes her
Tanning Services Available
children have
Open Monday through
Friday 9-9
Saturday 9-4
VISA
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Campus CUpper
16
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more time
ing. "I think they are
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to devote to learn-
happier people," she
says.
"They are more relaxed and can go
their
own
at
speed."
Explaining her dissausfaction with the
established system
,
Marzewski points also to
the drug dealings and inappropriate language
Spectrum
many
of
school children. She believes Uicre
a flaw in a system
is
children
are being tested not to
which produces young
who do drugs
make
the grade, but to
Sit Sacl(iand enjoy
understand."
She must also decide what she wants
or talk trashy. "It's
The
simply a matter of economics, "she says. "If
leach her children.
IBM makes
riculum varies a great deal, especially
a computer that spells words
more money
to
slate teaching curin the
problem will work
company will redesign
the product." As a result, she believes home
schooling might be the way to clean up the
At these levels, the individual student often chooses between a
variety of history, geography, and scxnce
courses. Marzewski, however, has a broader
plan for her seventh grader. "I would like him
educational system.
to
While Marzewski may believe in guarding her children from some of life's harsh re-
today, and to be able to express himself and
wrong,
it
will not put
project in a
hope
upper grade
into the
that the
itseifout. Instead, the
she docs not think she
alities,
my
So
children should or should not be
sheltered from," she says.
about
to hear
I
feel
son
am
I
my
to tell
"They don't need
Why
settle for
second
Applying an
article
things.
I
that
we
learn
it
is
to
up
can;
in the
all."
a)
her reading level.
Despite the apparent
'Jennie'
success with her children,
Marzewski notes
there
Fri.,Nov. 8
is
a movement against home
"Some parents
'Stars
think you miss out on a lot
!Mazo'Wsze
She does not worry
Thurs.Jan. 23
that her children are
lacking in socialization; she says
have friends
in her
all
three
neighborhood and are
Ctevetand Quartet
active in various recreational activities.
The question of home schooling supriscd
the Marzewski children at first. "She popped
jective in the content of her children's les-
on us," Jason says. But, he notes he enjoys
own
comes up, I tell them, 'I believe this, and
some day you must make a decision between
the two.'" For example, she remembers a
time when the question of creation versus
Marzewski says she often
evolution arose during one of her son's les-
schooling because he gets out earlier,
has less pressure, and understands his lessons
Esther finds she can go at her
sons. "If a question of contradicting theories
And Sara just
enjoys having her sibUngs home with her and
sons.
being included
terial
gets ahead of her lessons.
in their lessons.
of secular humanism, often shows only one
lesson plans.
children to explore both possibilities."
side to this issue," she says. "I
Overall,
Marzewski
finds
want
home
my
school
slandiirdized tests
which many companies
well worth her efforts. "I'm enjoying them,"
offer.
These
don't always follow the
she concludes. "I'm proud
book,
many
tests
times don't
clude several
make sense, and
in-
wrong answers.
"I often test orally during the
the lessons," she says. "This
Spring-Summer 1991
when
I've taught them something. And I
too.
course of
way the children
Opera
'Carmen
Sun.,
March 22
'Tippin
Sat.,
March 28
as both sides of the issue had to offer. "I
believe the school district, following a theory
disillusioned with the
TittsSurgfi
Marzewski and her son took a trip to the
and found as much reading ma-
Marzewski chooses her own teaching maShe has found five or six companies
that produce what she feels to be high quality
is
Sun., Feb. 2
local library
terial.
However, she
14
And I have just as much right to my opinion."
weather; or, b) Harden them
fact,
(BoCsfioi'
high
to
Marzewski also believes she can be ob-
pace now. In
oftke
Thurs., Nov.
Put them directly in the
open garden conditions for small periods
better.
Sympfwny
Tues.,OcL 22
school," she explains. "I don't feel that way.
I
technique which exposes the seedlings
home
To(<:yo
can do one of
garden,
of time."
it
12
Sat., Oct.
she notes Esther has raised
by not going
they
garden and allow the weaker seedlings to
off, a
can't
'Rfimsey Leuns/'BiCCy ^ayCor
having trouble
math, but his judge-
schooling.
"Suppose I buy tomato
plants and raise them in
are ready to put
my
biggest problem
ing the question of over-
in the
grown as aperson."
is still
ment abilities are improv-
neat topics
to study. I guess
protection, she says,
When
is
ing dramatically. Also,
many
so
she once read concern-
a hot house.
to
has more confidence in
Marzewski says Jason
" There are
about.
all
is
best?"
shrivel
"He
himself," she says. "He's
in
children
life
Gelebrtty^rttstSertes
she has seen a great deal of prog-
the best per-
what
two
far,
ress in her son.
from a peer pressure group.
life
entertainment
his views," she says.
ing them. "I don't think otherpeople can say
what
cCass
levels.
know his way around his own world,
know how the world got to be where it
overprotect-
is
an evening offirst
BLOOMSBURG
UNIVERSIIY
A
I
Sl.,<.'\«>l,.rt../ ll.
I
see that
learn a lot
I'm excited about next year. There arc so
many neat topics to study. I guess my biggest
problem is that we can't learn it all."S
Ticket Inquiries:(717) 389-4409
17
According to Bonnie Johns, head nurse of
by Kami Silk
the Maternity Center,
Facilities that treat the sick,
Hospitals.
injured,
ness"
is
women whose
pregnancy. Because of
only
this,
"ill-
society
and the medical profession have labeled
pregnant
women
says.
"Only about 25 percent of our
women
are treated as
Winona Cochran,
and
registered nurse, lay midwife,
assistant
hospital with people
women arc put
who arc ill and
Advancements
can
now
in
A woman
discover prior to birth, not only the
sex of her baby, but
if
she
is
to
resemble a home aunosphcre. They have a
television, dressers,
with
all
and a comfortable bed
They
the options of a hospital bed.
have a hospital birth."
offer the comforts of home and the security of
the hospital.
motivating
to hospital
advancements arc
scientific
some women to find alternatives
birth. They want to experience
birth as a natural process rather than a clinical
one.
"It
never occurred
to
me
that
I
wouldn't
have a hospital birth," says Loannc Suavely,
mother oftwo children born
help of a midwife.
into a friend
along in
my
when
I
"My
at
home with the
husband and
was about
three
I
ran
months
pregnancy. His wife had their
"They 're the bestof both worlds,"
says Kelly Peiffer, a registered nurse
who
previously worked in a maternity ward. Peiffer
reasons
women do
home makes
is
Mishawaka, Illinois.
But for many, the birthing room
not as
"One of
holding
my
when
Some
some statistics
that
birth
prove
studies indicate
home
births
may
actually have fewer problems than hospital
births.
Hospital-bom babies greatly exceeded
home-born babies in abnormalities, injuries,
and infections. These surprising results may
have something to do with the fact that midwives will not take on high-risk pregnancies,
and women who are considered high-risk
most likely want to have their babies in the
hospital.
"Midwives don't take chances," says
"We
labors and
if
we go
monitor the
there
is
women
during
any indication of prob-
straight to the hospital."
they were brand
midwives are registered nurses, lay midwives are either trained and apprenticed, or
hospitals have an
two children at home and he was very knowl-
unwillingness to ensure mothers their babies
will
be with them."
home birth.
not consider
There are two kinds of midwives. Nurse
new, wet creatures," says Snavely. "It was
important to me to hold my babies immediately after birth.
birth.
me was
the best feelings for
babies
baby's
one of the principle
wrong.
Some
lems
good as home.
is
be the safest place, but many home
Cochran.
is
in the
people assume a hospital has to
Intuitively,
had her two children in a birthing center in
edgeable on the subject."
1i
major roles
Concern for safety
this
never occurred to
me that I wouldn't
any physical defects or retardation, and other
But these
say being at
the birth easier because the familiarity
"It
problems well before the baby
born.
labor."
Many women
advocates point to
expecting twins,
is
my
during
to play
technology have given
abilities to obstetricians.
different nurses
room."
tious. Birth is a natural process."
amazing
many
relaxing. Husbands and children are also able
in the
infec-
knowing who would be
liked
decide to take advantage of our birthing
professor of psychology at Bloomsburg
University. "Healthy
I
and doctors, or strangers, would be in and out
Birthing rooms are delivery rooms set up
women
says
ill,"
opt for a traditional delivery.
"Also,
there. In the hospital
lithotomy (laying on their backs) births ," she
as patients.
"Today's pregnant
though they are
women
"Most people are happier with regular
and diseased.
Yet, they're also facilities that routinely
deal with healthy
most
Bloomsburg Hospital,
go
to
schools specifically designed for mid-
wifery. There is a national certification process, but
it is
not federally mandated that nurse
or lay midwives be certified.
The law
varies
Spectrum
from
state to state
concerning the qualifica-
only their patients
at risk,
and licensing of mid wives.
Elaine Francis, certified nurse midwife,
but also the doctors them-
Gciscngcr Hospital, explains that nurse
M.D., Bloomsburg Hospi-
tions, education,
midwivcs
iire
legal in all states, but only in a
W.
selves. Curtis
tal
Vickers,
says, "Doctors have to
Lay midnurse midwivcs
carry heavy liability and
and a distinction should be made.
Two years ago, a bill was under consid-
while midwives don't have
eration in Pennsylvania dealing with the
I'm not upset about
few
states iire lay
midwivcs
wives are not U'aincd like
legalization of lay
legal.
midwivcs. Suprisingly, an
community of Amish women came to
on behalf of the profession. This made
an impact on the court because the Amish arc
private citizens who rarely venture beyond
their own small community. For the Amish,
malpractice insurance,
until
I
have
mistakes
testify
wrong with
many
it
is
a
is
common
a
practice, but for
complex issue
that requires
was not
a spur of the
moment
"We met
sion," says Snavely.
The
lime was
first
with
soon as
liability suit) as
I
and child."
Mary
policy,
to talk
about
it this way and
was a healthy candidate. The second time was to discuss how to
prepare for the actual labor. She also recommended prcnautl care with my doctor."
Some doctors feel midwives may put not
she thought
in front
agree to work on the mother
lion
our reasons for wanting to do
10 see if
nacy. I'm stepping
goes
prcg-
of the firing lines (for a
deci-
Hostetler (a lay midwife) twice before the
actual labor.
home
VickerscarriesaSl mil-
serious consideration.
"It
a
this
up the
to pick
if something
entire
midwifery
much.
to carry nearly as
I
.SUPPLY,
By-Rite 1
^^q
liability
insurance
which costs him
about 334,000 a year.
"Overall, 334,000 is a reasonably low amount compared
to cities like
New
>.^L
Loanne Snavely proudly displays her new child, Elody,
delivered by midwives Mary Hostetler (left) and Becky
Smith.
York and Philadelphia,"
says Vickers.
cine.
This fear of a lawsuit
many
is
what prompts
They may do certain things just to cover
themselves
doctors to practice defensive mcdi-
in
case something goes wrong.
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19
will
do wiih a chart because we can be sued
for not doing enough.
We are forced to prac-
defensive medicine. So doctors
tice
scheduled elsewhere. They do not want a
variety of drugs that are not really needed.
may do
was
"I
Joseph,
my
had the
ability
This defensive medicine, according to
Vickers, could sometimes lead to the use of
the
is
to pass through. After the birth, the area
stitched up
Instead of letting nature take its course,
doctors follow a theory of inter-
vcntionism. Despite advancements, the
number of
my
increased rather than decreased in the last
decade.
subtle risks are causing
many of
women
lems. "I don't automatically do episi-
otomies," says Vickers. "It's done
babies at home."
arc finding that laying
the position
most comfortable
is
not
for them.
Delivery rooms are designed for the conven-
They do
ience of doctors, not mothers.
their labors to
It's
to
a nice
clean cut instead of ragged edges that
may
not tear in just one spot
—
there
could be a dozen tears."
to look for
horizontal with their feet up in stirrups
want
For some doctors, episiotomies are
prevent extensive tearing.
If
were
I
in the hospital they
may have
thought the labor wasn't moving along and
women
our hospital
an intervention to avoid other prob-
the
other alternatives.
Pregnant
at
the technique of the physician."
The odds of surviving a high-
tech birth arc good, but
"Most doctors
mother's personal hygiene habits and
I
safe about having
obstetrical interventions has
is
and this sometimes leads to infec-
(Bloomsburg) do episiotomies," says
Johns. "Infection depends on the
me, 'Oh
had
confidence in Mary and
felt comfortable and
ones," says Cochran.
many
tell
you're brave,' but
counteract the effects of the original
made
is
and rectum, to increase the space for the baby
tion.
"People
"The more drugs a mother receives
more other drugs she will need to
cut
the perineum, the area between the vagina
by encouraging me to move around and squat.
actually required.
A
was a long labor with
says Snavely. "She
and knowledge to speed it up
it
first child,"
more drugs during a pregnancy and labor
than
practice used to speed
the episiotomy.
with scissors through the skin and muscle of
because
tetler) there
possible for their patients," says Vickers.
is
have Mary (Hos-
really glad to
exotic tests to ensure they did everything
common
Another
up births
not
be induced because other
women need the delivery room or doctors arc
gave
me
Pitocin or something to speed the
Mary had the intimate knowledge on how to deal with it naturally." Pitocin is a brand name for oxytocin, a chemidelivery up.
cal that causes the uterus to contract
and
But many times there may be no damage
at all.
Nancy Fleming,
Ph.D., a certified
nurse-midwife and clinical director
for
Comprehensive Women's Health Care Center in
Hinsdale, Illinois, says,
episiotomy
of the
is
"When
an
not performed, over one-third
women
will not
therefore induce labor or accelerate existing
following birth, and
labor.
perineal
need any suturing
at least half will sustain
damage (tearing) of a milder degree
INTELLIGENCE
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314 Main Street
20
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•
PO
P.O. Box 418 . Bloomsbcirg. PA 17815 • (717)784-5550 • (800) 222-2040
Box 175 • Catowisso, PA 17820 • (717)356-2392 • (800) 242-2392 In PA
In
PA
.
FAX
(717) 784-8471
Spectrum
ihan
if
an cpisioiomy were performed."
procedure for a
"Il's a routine
tors,
but
would rather lake
I
than a 24-hour
of doc-
and not need
be made
to
do an episiotomy cannot
until right
judgment
call for
Women who
cutting
down on room
equipment
thai increase cost aren't
before delivery.
It is
a
have a more personal experience than with an
"Mary
authoritative doctor.
is
such a
warm
not the most
births
"It
were completely covered with our insurance," says Snavely. "But
we wanted to have
our children at home and our insurance didn't
and warm feelings and
cover
my
two children's
I
was glad
births,"
to
have her
tive
Peiffer had a certified nurse-midwife at
her two birthing
room
"Marta (her
labors.
midwife) was not only my friend, but also my
partner during
Cost
home
my
another consideration
is
births or birthing
hospital deliveries.
in
choosing
rooms over regular
According
to
vary, but
some do provide coverage
Dorothy
wife. Birthing
home
for
rooms are covered under most
Birthing rooms and
it's
backward
"People
had confidence
in
Mary and
able and safe about having
CURTIS W.
VICKERS, M.D.
W€CL
felt
my
PASSAT GLI
CABRIOLET
|-
§1
special JamiCt) touch.
r
CORRADO
comfortbabies at
Unique Furniture,
home. Jurnisfvings
&? gijt store with a
Q^'
GOLF
but
VANAGON
BRASS
€LASS
&
HINKLE, D.O.
some, but for others
me 'Oh, you're brave,'
tell
home," says Snavely. S
S.
JETTA GLI
home births may seem
to
ered outpatient facilities that require less
RICHARD
FOX
JEHA GL
not offered
an alternative to what hospitals have to
offer.
I
Sometimes birthing rooms are consid-
is
"There arc no
not used."
is
hospital Slay costs approximately $2,500,
care costs.
says,
costs to cover because a professional facility
like a step
physician fees and prenatal
Dugan
births.
Hospital, a normal delivery with a two day
all
VOLKSWAGEN
for the
professional services of acerlified nurse mid-
Folk of the credit office of the Bloomsburg
excluding
Scott Dugan, a representa-
to
from Blue Cross-Blue Shield, policies
insurance policies. Coverage
labor," she says.
WITH
it."
According
Snavely says
about her midwife.
.V.
would have been cheaper for mc to
baby in the hospital because we
my
have
and gentle person. She inspires confidence
at
FAHRVERGNUGEN
iire
usually less expensive than hospital births.
doctors and midwives.
use a midwife believe they
is
home
important consideration,
EXPERIENCE
and
In addition, drugs, fetal monitors,
otlicr
often needed. Although cost
says Snavely.
The decision
stxiy,
cosLs.
chance of
the
tearing than have an episiolomy
it,"
lot
...*^
^
JACK METZER
1
-m
t§
VOLKSWAGEN
Rf. 11 BIoom/Danv. Highway
275-0040 or 1-800-698-9333
ISometHin Siveetl
'
gynecoCogy
& OBstetrics
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uour su^eet tootfv 8c niore! i
f
I
f
in theProfessional BuUtting
Locate.fi
I
ii
'Botfi at
232
I
PENN ST. & GLENN AVE.
BLOOMSBURG, PA 17815
(KdiX Street,
g,
'DanvUh
^
275-9600
'We
»g
i
,^
^
•
We Service All VW Products*
now ftave SridaC
Seatbelts save
(717)784-2557
lives.
Don t drink and
drive
im^S^mmtm^B^iiim
Spring-Summer 1991
21
shillings,
and 3 pence
farthings
|
This plot of land, then known
many
RAVELING
is
"Peggy'
much of what nov
comprises the
HROUGH
IME
in the area as
Farm,"
ti
resort.
In following years, the lan(
changed owners several times
by Dan Trexler
some
sections being sold off an(
others added, until 1 828 , when Rev
Henry Knoebel had a dream.
That dream was to create a family
amusement resort on a plot of land
owned by his grandfather. Henry,
who bore the same first name as
his grandfather and was called
"H.H." to avoid confusion, began
to envision his dream coming true
when locals began to frequent his
"Swimmin' Hole" which was located on the waters of Roaring
\
^*V'
.t
^
'
\
^'4
i
'^"^ T-. I'
Creek and Mugser's Run. Daring
i
into the
Henry Hartman Knoebel pur
chased it for the sum of $93 1. Thi;!
sparkling waters from a covered
purchase officially began what ii
bridge near the
known today as Knoebel's Amuse
I
swimmers would dive
site.
The resort itself has a long and
to March 7, 1775, when John Penn,
ment Resort.
The park, under the direction o:
"H.H.," continued to attract man)
governor of the province of Penn-
funseekers from the area through
sylvania, signed a deed to transfer
out the years.
292 and a quarter acres of land to
John Salter, for 14 pounds, 12
pool to replace the "Swimmin
interesting history that dates
back
With the addition of a concrete
I
:^M."^
Hole," a steam-powered carousel
(the park's first ride),
'''
?K"^^
and a restau-
park officially became
rant, the
recognized as Knoebel's
ment Resort,
Amuse-
in 1926.
Joe Muscato, director of park
advertising
and public
relations,
attributes the park's success to the
strength of the
Knoebel family
throughout the years of the park's
existence.
"There was no reason for the
park ever to succeed, except for
the
hard work and dedication on
behalf of thefamily,"hesays
ire
now
Jiink
"We
a tourist destination
we've reached
—
that distinc-
jon."
Knoebel's has also prided
self in its ability
it-
to expand with the
T
A
^^i^*>
Photo By Allen Ambrosini
Knoebels continues
ment
lo provide excite
Grand Carousel
(left), the resort's first ride; The
Giant Flume (right), the
latest ride; and The
Ttie
witti
Jet Star (below)
^^
\t
Photos by
Terry Wild
\
times, while
slill
to
Since
being able
t
remain afam-
" e X
p
ily-orienledpark.
"Since 1985,
sion"
this
park has exploded
Icnil)
^v**'
says Muscaio, adding ihat this
has a great deal lo do with
lai'gestin
named
the forlieih
figures.
added new rides and
atlraclions, overseeing
ihe
setup of each and every one lo asllie
iheUniied Slates, based
on ailendance
-
1
1985,
ihc park has consis-
m
terms of size and siatus,"
park being
m
h e
more
"We
tam the natural
project than a
park
typical
would do.
When
ride opened,
much about
it
beauty of the park,"
that
we knew
as anyone."
These days ihe amusement
is run by the third genera-
says
Knoebcl
take an aggressive
tomer with quality
resort
with polite service
of the family atmosphere.
lion of ihe Knocbel family, wiih
Dick Knocbel serving as ihe gen-
aunosphere."
just
ride," said
added the flume
Muscato.
"We
did
eral
manager and
--^
^"^.
president.
"We
atti-
tude on pleasing the cus-
sure safely and ihc mainicnance
"We
are
gomgto main-
with
service,
in
a pleasing
(Additional research
was done
S
by Diane Wojnar.)
Inter-Sorority Council
of
Bloomsburg University
1 1
Sororities
for
AZA
AZT
The Community
Alpha Sigma Alpha
Supporter of Special Olympics
Alpha Sigma Tau
AZA
AZT
Supporter of Pine Mountain
AEB
AOE
0TQ
Working Together
Delta Epsilon Beta
AEB
Supporter of the American Red Cross
Delta Phi Epsilon
Supporter of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Theta Tau
Omega
AOE
QTQ
Supporter of the Bloomsburg Health Care Center
ZZZ
Sigma Sigma Sigma
ZZZ
Supporter ofRobby Paige
OIX
Phi Delta
Supporter of the American Cancer Society
Phi Iota Chi
Supporter of Special Olympics
OZZ
Xen
XZP
Phi Sigma Sigma
Supporter of the National Kidney Foundation
Chi Theta Pi
Supporter of Special Olympics
Chi Sigma Rho
Supporter of the American Cancer Society
OA
OIX
OZZ
X0n
XZP
^f J
Into the
^
'i
3ati^
Wild Bloom
Yonder
By Jane Mehlbaum
was
When heBarsUer
15,
Forty-eight years later,
lied
after finishing high school
about his age to begin
and spending two years
in the army, Barstler is
Bill
working as a lineboy
at Columbia Airways.
Working 4 p.m. to mid-
now
—adecentwageback
1943 — Barstler gassed
hour
The
He
airport, located
when
discovered his
of the S usquehanna River,
was forced
true
airport.
on the east side of
Bloomsburg on the banks
and cleaned planes.
his bosses
Co-
owner of the Bloomsburg
night at forty cents an
in
the president of
lumbia Aircraft Services,
to quit
was
age a few months
built in
-I'&t'
1932 by inHarry L.
dustrialist
later.
J
#
'':j'y
«««^
-<^
"'
-Jit
/
A^'--^..
^;,^.,,i,«i.ifejym;»'^
#>,
BLOdMSBUR^,
j'.-^^t.
,
.4>^t>.
1
980^
.
Magcc. In 1945, Magcc sold the aiqoort to
the town of Bloomsburg with the understanding that il would remain an airport.
Geisingcr Medical Center,
Danville, uses the airport to fly
in
teams of surgeons and organ
was taken over by
Columbia Aireraft Services, which today is
owned and operated by its employees. "The
donations; industries
airport pays rent to the town," says Bars tier,
clients;
"but the expenses, such as lighting, cutting
as undertakers, also benefit by
In the early
grass,
1950s
il
plowing snow, repairs
to the build-
and insurance arc our responsibility."
Tiie airport employs seventeen full and
men
part-time employees and
is
the second larg-
engine builder on the cast coast. Not too
many people know what kind
done
there, but Barstler
of work
is
admits they have so
much business right now they can't take care
of
it,
yet
none of the workers are complain-
it
to
out; sales-
fly in to deal
with local
in
and veterinarians, as well
availability.
its
"Very
ings,
est
u.se
and
business
fly
flying
is
little
recreational
done out of the
Bloomsburg airport, says Bar"You'd be surprised at the
stler.
who come in here and
we go for an airplane
people
say 'Can
ride?'"
Becauseof liability and
changing limes, pilots are relucpeople up. "It's
Photo by Jennifer Moon
George
Columbia
ing.
tant to lake
Columbia aircraft provides many services for companies witlithcir own airplanes,
almost a thing of the past, and
including reconditioning, as well as building
bering, "It used to be nice to see
engine parts and performing
people come down on a S unday. They'd wait
and one
fifty
hundred hour inspections.
that's too bad,"
for
Most aircraftcoming into the airporttoday
Karl
repairs a plane's engine
at
Aircraft Services.
really enjoyed
it."
Accidents are something those Sunday
have business connections, and, on a busy
the shop
he says, remem-
somebody to take them up, and when they
went up Ihey
in
saw very
of at the Bloomsburg
very conscientious crew and they do a nice
job," he says.
"Most of my people have been
here for fifteen and twenty years; there's
been very
little
turnover."
Most accidents occur
day,BarstlcrandhiscrcwwiIlsec 100 to 150
flyers
planes land. However, these planes often are
airport.
carrying engine parts being dropped off for
lot safer than
mechanical errors occur," he says, "you're
his staff
given a
service, or people flying in
on business.
Now We're Bigger
&
little
According
to Barstler, aviation is a
most people think, and he and
make it a main priority. "I've got a
error,
as a result of pilot
according to Barstler. "Not too
lot
many
of indication that something
Better Than Ever
Sivect 9{ectar
Look
for
Cdcimbla County
us at
Fanatix Athletic Club
Jranmens National Bank
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Locations
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Bloomsburg
Lightstreet
600 Montour Blvd., Bloomsburg-Danville Hwy.
387-1 742
Spring-Summer 1991
Millvtlle
Orangeville
South Centre
27
is
—
going wrong, and you should be on top of
first
what you're doing."
Barstler, pointing out,
Unfortunately, accidents do happen. In
1984, aHarrisburg
woman,
she was not accustomed
flying an aircraft
to,
later, in
and was
"we put a new apron
the parking area where the tie downs are
—
last year."
made a bad
killed.
a separate incident, a
"It
put his
craft
warns
Barstler
threat.
was
"We
injured.
always a
that the river is
watch
it
very closely," he says.
Sunday. They'd wait
During the flood of 1972, Barsder says, "we
somebody to take
them up, and when
they went up they
had six feet of water in the office. Since then
for
we've been a lot more conscious of it. We lost
everything and had to start all over."
New York state has also added a few
dams, which reduced the number of sudden
of the Susquehanna
rises that affect the portion
really enjoyed it."
River flowing by the airport. According to
dams
Barstler these
the river
"We know
have a
it
in
would
where
forced to
also
be put
in to free
planes are
all
now
and going
up the runway,
is
taxi,
very danger-
of planes coming in
out.
Al though the extended runway will add to
the safety of the airport,
it
will
have no
bearing on the size of the aircraft flying into
Bloomsburg. According
to Barstler,
many
insurance agencies do not want their aircraft
coming into a field that is less than 3,600 feet
long.
There are some people, however, who use
the airport for something other than business.
B ud Thiel Nescopeck, is a recreational flyer.
,
"I started flying in the military," says Thiel.
"When
the
war ended,
I
started flying out of
Bloomsburg." Thiel has been flying out of
the Bloomsburg airport since World War II
when
Bloomsburg.
lot
to
parallel taxi
it
was nodiing but a grass
field with
no
we
very close to a settlement in which they
runway.
more time here."
crew arc continually
would acquire the land on the east end, which
is in Scott Township.
During World War II, along with an Army
Air Force program, the Navy asked
if
litUe
more control of
create
and they notice
wide
feet
A
ous when there are a
used to be
nice to see people
come down on a
Two weeks
man
by 100
size to 3,700 feet long
give a larger safety margin.
which, according to Barsder,
plane in the river. Fortunately, no one on
board the
in
Barstler also says that they are
panicked when
she approached the runway,
landing, crashed,
phase of expanding the airport," says
the Ilood gates are closed,
Barstler and his
trying to bring the airport
up
marking buildings
in the
Attempts are also being made to lengthen
1991 stan-
to
by clearing the approaches, putting
new lights in the proper areas, and properly
diu-ds
way. "We're
in the
the runway,
which
is
currendy 2,800 feet
long by 50 feet wide. Barstler
is
trying to
obtain federal funding that will increase the
Bloomsburg
State College, one of only four
colleges in the country to conduct special-
ized training for
train
Navy
flight instructors, to
V-5 and V-12 cadets out of the airport
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RT. 11
DANVILLE
Spectrum
—
This two-year program, 1943 through 1944,
250 Naval
resulted in the training of
flight
Flying, according to Sharrow,
way
of keeping your ego
matter
instructors.
Although military training
the past at the airport, there
is
a thing of
is
still
some
Through the efforts of the Parlor City Flight Club (PCFC)
and its instructor, Dick Sharrow of
training taking place there.
Millville, people
can
still
PCFC— formed in
learn to fly.
says,
how big
your ego gets
"when you
also a
is
ground
down here," he
how
airport,
get up in the air and see
small you really are,
it
airport also has the
"No
check.
in
puLs you right back
into perspective."
After forty-eight years of working at the
relaxation,
Boslego, Columbia Aircraft Services'
stockroom clerk, and three others
members who
fly just for the fun of it. About onethird of its members arc beginning
students. "It's a cheap way to learn,"
has about sixty local
really are,
it
went through a series of
had skids on them for
tail wheels, then they went to tricycle
landing gear," he says. Weight-perhorsepower has also significantly inthose days
the
A
popular plane
Ronca C3
—
in
often re-
ferred to as the "Hying bathtub"
—with
only 36 horsepower. Today, most engines have
initiation fee
of $100,
is also a charge of $20 per flight.
Sharrow says most people in the club use
There
means of relaxation. "This
is
my
Sharrow also sees the
airport as a benefit to
local business. "Airports bring in a lot of
commerce," he says. "One of the
first
things
asked when developing a new business
is
'where's the nearest airport?'"
good routine break. That's what most people
In order to accommodate this influx of
commerce, the Bloomsburg Airport has had
to make a few improvements over the years.
"We've added additional buildings, shop
space, and stock rooms," says Barstler, point-
club use flying for," he says. "It's no
ing out, "it's just been in the last couple of
hang-out," says Sharrow, pointing out
to bars, other
that,
people go to
airports."
in the
was
400
to
500 horsepower.
In 1979, after spending thirty years in
Members pay an
He
it,
creased since then.
puts you right
back into perspective."
plus monthly and flying fees of about S40.
"some people go
decades
In the first
planes had open cockpius and, as
stages. "First they
says Sharrow.
flying as a
all
Barstler puts
—
"When you get up in the air
and see how small you
1965 by Mike
Barstler and his crew have seen
many changes in aircraft.
of night,
Along with recreation and
added plus of an above
fuel system.
also sees flying as a hobby. "It's a
different than boating or
snowmobiling."
For All
Your Auto
Parts Needs
years that we've added a
new
hanger." The
shop building engines, Barstler became
manager of operations and president of the
employee-founded corporation. Now most
the
is spent in the office and away
from the planes. "I soloed back in the 1940s,"
he says, "but I like this end of it better."
of his time
After forty-eight years with one employer,
Barstler,
somewhat reluctanUy,
is
now
con-
sidering retiring. "I hate to think about leaving," he says, adding, "I
work with
nice
have a good job, I like what I'm
doing, and I hate to give it up." S
people,
I
Husky Ambassadors
"Share the vision that
commitment to the
University
should
can and
lost
a
lifetime!"
DANVILLE
AUTOMOTIVE
275-3570
J^^k
323Fe.ySt^NAPA^
Danville
^|^^r
Because there are no
unimportant parts.™
Spring-Summer 1991
The Husky Ambassadors represent a select group of
the student body at Bloomsburg University,
They participate in special activities and programs
that bring the alumni, student body, faculty and
community together.
For
more
information call 389-4058
29
A
lean, red
meat source
no one's
that
'herd' of
a/\fpO(P
According
Diane Stoy, operations director of Lipid
at the George Washington University
to
Research Clinic
Medical Center, buffalo may prove to be very important to
meat eaters who want to have their meat and eat a healthy
diet as well.
According
'^^^^Siis^SSjjjSaCSCSG^^
to
However, they
will
have
to
pay the
price.
Mike Thompson, Thompson Packing Com-
pany, Jersey Shore, buffalo meat
sells for
$8 per pound,
about four times higher than ground round.
by Renee
4
Buffalo are generally wholesome because of the
Farrell
6/^ne buffalo burger, medium-well please," orders a customer
V^ dining
at Fireplace
number means good business
this
On
his sixty-acre farm.
More
Restaurant,Tunkhannock.
one hundred restaurants nationwide feature buffalo on
and
Law
for Larry
their
than
menu,
Law, Sweet Valley.
raises a herd of thirty-eight buffalo
gathered from as far as South Dakota, primarily for slaughter.
Law
is
one of twenty-five people
buffalo for commerical purposes.
in
I
who
raise
far, I
expect fifteen to twenty returning institutions, distributors, and
wholesalers," says
anything
I
Law. "The demand
is
there. In fact,
it
far
exceeds
produce."
handled as
in
little
as possible.
and very little time,
if any, in
They spend most of their time grazing,
lot. Therefore, there is no need
growth stimulants, or subtherapeutic antibiThe American Bison Association has even passed a resolution
the feed
for hormones, artificial
otics.
opposing the use of such substances
Proper treaunent of buffalo
concern over nutrition, buffalo-rearing
essential to the rearing business.
it is
always better
to practice
of the buffalo, a watchful eye must be kept for internal
parasites. Parasitized animals will
protein source in maintaining the physical health of the Native
are used to prevent parasitism.
inserted in the feed
produce poor quality meat.
and water or injected intravenously,
Now it returns as a lean red meat source with all
the important characteristics today's health conscious
consumer
demands. Research conducted by the National Buffalo Association
and the American Bison Association indicates that buffalo, as a red
is
is
Danville, notes, "With any animal,
Wormers,
meat,
of buffalo for
prevention as opposed to practicing 'puttingout fires.'" Specifically,
may be the "thing to do." Historically, buffalo served as an important
American Indians.
in the production
Dr. Patricia Kitchen, a veterinarian at Leighow Veterinary Hospital,
in the case
With the recent increase
they are
meat.
have retailed so
Pennsylvania
"Of what
way
raised and handled. Because of their independent nature, buffalo are
low
surprisingly
"Hamburger meat
is
in cholesterol
25 percent
fat,"
and
Nutritional Comparison
3 oz Serving
Fat (grams)
fat.
says Law. "That's fme
if
you
CholesteroKmg)
don't expect to live past forty." Comparisons of the nuu-itional values
of buffalo have
shown
that buffalo
meat
is
low
in fat
and calories and
high in protein and nutrients. Research conducted in 1988 by inde-
pendent producer. Triple Seven Ranches, South Dakota, indicates
that a three-ounce serving
of buffalo contains 1.8 grams of
calories, 21.7 percent protein
terol.
A
calories
A
fat, 93
and 43 milligrams/100 grams choles-
three-ounce serving of beef contains 8.7 grams of
and 55 milligrams/100 grams of cholesterol.
diet
heavy
in fat
and cholesterol-rich foods
is
fat,
183
unhealthy, with
high blood cholesterol considered to be a major risk factor for
coronary heart disease and stroke. Further,
to breast
and colon cancers
—two of
fat
consumption
High-fat foods arc also loaded with calories, so the
more weight you are
likely to gain; being
more you
overweight
diabetics and those with high blood pressure.
30
is
linked
the leading killing cancers.
is
cat, the
Buffalo
Turkey
Beef
Chicken
a factor for
Research conducted by
Dr.
M. Marchello, University
of North
Dakota
Spectrum
—
Commcrical feed
mills also
trace of the mineral
recommend
Sclinium be present
the animal.
This assures that
experience
little
iJie
a
anda
faster rate. Fat acts as
in
must
first
bulTalo will
trouble with calving,
Law
fore the cooking process of the protein begins.
Consequently, the low
buffalo insures that
says.
Becoming involved
in the
production of
meat for consumption requires one
the basics in understanding
tlie
to
know
buffalo.
Ac-
an insulator; heat
penetrate this insulation layer be-
The
age of
quality of
tlic
it
will
meat
is
content of
fat
cook
Bloomsburg Veterinary Hospital,
more muscle and
large animal care requires
more energy than
mals. "Animals at
the care of smaller anithat size tend to
buffalo and the condition of the
mesticated, buffalo
still
as docile
and
insist
ing,
wannth on
buffalo]
is
In fact,
[for
it
herd size
1
.3
at
a lower temperature
will increase his
mosUy because of
acres of land per animal unit. With one
in
at
S2,200
herd size are doubtful
thirty years ago.
specialist in
after being discharged
sued a career
in
because of physical
Vietnam War, he pur-
banking.
In the late 1800's, buffalo
buffalo meat.
the same, nor
As a
is
every cut of
buffalo gets older,
its
muscles become stronger, more coarse
until
that.
disability during the
is
in
Law
Law served as a foreign
the U.S. Army for 17 years, and
1988. Prior to
produce."
I
every buffalo
except
Law
land restriction. State law requires there be
nature, ihcy will not hesitate to react if they
that of beef,
that
near future,
did not start hisbuffalo-rearing business
though buffalo are not mean animals by
"The best philosophy is to always give
room," says Law.
Buffalo is cooked in a manner similiar to
in the
Sweet Valley nearly
far
"they are not a bunch of milk cows." Al-
herd.
al.so sells the
Raising buffalo has been a long time dream
exceeds anything
Law, emphasiz-
a buffalo
and
of Law. Although he bought the land
on entering the fenced
In the breeding season, buffalo can be
sells
considering Law's budget.
there.
maintain wild char-
dangerous, aggressively protecting their
sleigh rides,
per acre, additions
"The demand
be more
feci threatened.
He
skulls as wall hangings.
and the average price of farmland
when people label them
area unaccompanied," says
ways.
buffalo being equivalent to two animal units
while they have become semi-do-
acteristics. "I cringe
profits in other
Chances are slim
buffalo prior to processing. Naturally, not
unruly," he says.
And
Law
tanned buffalo hides, often worn as robes for
faster.
dependent on the
cording to Dr. Michael DeMiirco, a vctcriniirian at
meat,
were danger-
ously close to extinction; only a few hundred
could be found
in the
United States.
resulting in a tough, stringy piece of meat. If
Today, over 80,000 roam on the private
and public lands of this country. Buffalo no
good condition, however, the
longer are rare national treasures, but are a
the buffalo
meat
is
in
will reflect in tenderness
In addition to profits
and
flavor.
from selling buffalo
flourishing breed that are
lar
food source.
becoming a popu-
S
(Dog
Qont
Sficirp
Large or Small
We Groom Them All
•Pet Supplies
•Pet Food
(Science Diet)
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&
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Graduate of New York School
of Dog Grooming
Phone
tor
Appointment
387-8711
Spring-Summer 1991
31
Photo by Jennifer Stetanick
College students share their view of the
world with area children
He took his idea to Bob Peiffer, Protestant
by Jennifer Stefanick
Campus
Ten children standing
in a
small circle
held hands, their arms entwined.
You
Minister and Volunteer Services
Coordinator at Bloomsburg University. Peiffer
suggested that Wilson talk with a group of
who were just
could see their smiles and hear their laughter
students
as they tried to get themselves untangled.
called the
They were playing
six
while
it
the "knot
might seem
were actually
learning valuable lessons about
The children,
for thirty or forty first-year
"These fun
activities
students of the
present the children with challenges to
Bloomsburg Middle School,
"It's a great
students to
work one-on-one with
Many
children said these study sessions
"They're enjoying
them
to
with challenges to
overcome."
The group
for large
gets together every
the
name
for the
"these people
acronym
SHARE as
group because he believes
who arc working with the kids
are incredibly busy and under an awful lot of
pressure, but they
still
have time
themselves with the kids."
32
to share
two weeks
activities,
ranging from pizza parties to hayrides, are
After speaking with the group, he
designed "to teach the children how to inter-
faces," he recalls.
the
is pri-
college students designed to teach leadership
counselor of Bloomsburg Middle School,
He chose
only secon-
SHARE
group projects. These
then approached the principal and guidance
in 1983.
like
marily designed as a "mentoring project."
act in large
August 1990.
He patterned the program after Second Mile
in Stale College, a group he had worked with
is really
dary, according to Peiffer.
remembers
knot game.
in
t
come."
Tutoring, however,
who were willing to help. Wilson and Peiffer
SHARE
'
ing programs twice a week, that will get
present the children
found himself with about twenty students
started
and they look forward
coming to school, and we have these study-
skills.
Wilson
it
Davis says. "Maybe if they don
be fun, but you should also look
lenges in a positive manner."
the older
are their favorite part of the program.
overcome," he says. "They learn that life can
at chal-
says,
chance for the middle school
students and receive special attendon."
to it,"
life.
Bloomsburg
Middle School, were brought together by
Students Helping Adolescents Reach Excellence (SHARE), founded by Andy Wilson, a
secondary education/history major at
Bloomsburg University. "These fun activities
week course
and games on
like fun
the surface, these children
game," and
finishing a program
Freshman Leadership Program, a
selor at
who provided him
with a
list
of children
who
would best benefit from the program, children who might not receive this kind of
special attention at home.
One of the
things
children with their
after school.
SHARE does is help the
homework
twice a
week
Laura Davis, guidance coun-
group settings," says Wilson. He
the first time they played the
"It
was great to see the kids'
"They were having a
great time and enjoying the heck out of
trying to figure out
And, when they
tangled, there
how
to get untangled.
finally got themselves un-
was a shout and applause as
The
they patted each other on the back."
lessons are subtle, and the children
may not
even consciously pick up on them, but
Spectrum
Wilson believes ihey will
all
of
still
benefit from
"These kids are old enough
this.
that
ihcy will be able to lake these kinds of expe-
riences and hopefully apply thcrn to other
aspects of their lives," he says.
The volunteers arc not supposed to discuss
the children's personal
problems with them;
however, Michelle Hirsch, one of the student
volunteers and program coordinator for the
group, says, "I like
to
you, and
it
when
the kids open up
think the children like
I
it
that
we're there to say, 'Hey, you're a good kid.'"
who become
Volunteers
suspicious of seri-
ous problems with any of the children are
encouraged
inform Davis.
to
The group's biggest problem
right
now
is
a lack of funds, whicii often causes transportation
problems. They hope to do some fundbut rely on donations for now.
raising,
Domino's
is
among
the participating busi-
nesses, donating fourteen pizzas
and
them
to
Bloomsburg allows
use their property at no charge.
"These problems," says Peiffer, "arc nothing
that
money
can't solve. There's
no shortage
S.H.A.R.E., helps Jim
excited to be around us that
it's
Another problem the group has
is
conU'ol-
"The kids
are so
hard to
control them," says Wilson, "but, we're getting
much
better."
According
to
Wilson,
Hirsch has worked with children txjfore and
is
"outstanding" with them. In addition, the
games they play help capture the
of good will or expertise."
ling the children's energy.
of
attention
and channel
their
children's
energy into one
direction.
The group is slowly gaining more volunword of its existence spreads. Right
now they have about forty volunteers. Wilson
says he
is
carpet
ceramic
•
hardwood
•
remnants
"very encouraged by the number of
volunteers from the University," and
ing to expand the
is
look-
number of middle school
children involved. PresenUy, there are about
program, but there are
Your Business
Need Us!"
•
math homework.
teers as
"Here Where You
!
•
with his
thirty children in the
We Have You
Covered
Andrews
sixty
cans of soda for a pizza party; the First
Presbyterian Church of
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Andy Wilson, founder
Is
Our Business
tile
With thorough and
personalized service.
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Desks
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Bloomsburg
784-7366
Spring-Summer 1991
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OFFICES
Supply
112E. Main
St.
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
(717)784-4323
33
by the
have positive long term effects on many of
the middle school children. "Many of these
Although the project is new, the volunteers
some minor changes in
kids have never been challenged with the
about
How
more on
fifty
the list provided
middle school.
are able to point out
about
ence I've seen is that during the very first ses-
differendy. If you help people dream a dream
we
did, the kids
were a
leged to be a part of the project."
to
advan-
tages for the volunteers involved with
good
price, think Perkins'Family
Restaurant. For breakfast, lunch, or
dinner, count on-Perkins to
plate
fill
your
without emptying your wallet.
187 Central
"It
gets
you away from the
books, and it's a perfect way to build a
resume," he says. But Wilson believes the
most satisfying thing about being a volunteer
is being there for someone else. "After a
while," he says, "when you start to see the
kids' faces react in such a positive way, you
stop doing
Dr.,
it
for yourself,
and begin doing
it
overcome
the problems they en-
chaos
—
this
counter.
He compares
life to the
"knot game"
by saying,
"It's basi-
cally a circle that's col-
lapsed
If that
itself in chaos.
were
to
happen
—
if your being
you
were to collapse in
simple game shows the impor-
tance of people
to
who
are there with
you
to
help you get untangled."
Although
that small circle often entwined
children might
seem
on the surface,
to
be
it's really
all
fun and
games
much more.
It's
children learning they really can succeed,
they really can solve problems. All they need
for them."
Bloomsburg
(717)784-1140
teach the children is that they
tries to
really can
Wilson points out
you're hungry for a good meal at
Wilson believes the most important lesson
SHARE
you help people
dream a dream, and
you give them
dreams, you give
them life itself."
be a part of
SHARE.
itself."
hopes
''If
SHARE.
that there are
and you give them dreams, you give them life
the
at
middle school will
want
He
end of the school year, many other
students
a
bit suspicious,"
Peiffer says, "but now they feel kind of privi-
that by the
When
idea of achieving excellence," he says.
"Hopefully, now, they might set their sights
sion
lunch?
"The biggest
differ-
the children's attitudes.
Peiffer believes the project will eventually
is
a
little
help getting untangled.
S
NAPOLI PIZZA
of Bloomsburg
387-0511
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F>A.
Hidden
Blue
Ribbons
HoIIqui
Sharing a lifetime of experience
with the county's young riders
by Jennifer
Moon
talent for
riders.
Paula
Hosking
is in
business to support
her habit. Although her lifestyle involves
long hours, low pay, and work in the out-
doors
all
year long, Hosking, Benton,
"wouldn't trade
it
—
young
riding led her to start an Equine Explorers 4H
Hosking, early instruc-
Club and, later, a Pony Club. Her next project
the early instruction of
According
to
have
was with the Northeastern Pennsylvania
the training to be able to pursue any kind of
English Riding Club, which was created to
tion is important so that the students will
riding
when
they are older.
The job
Running the farm, instructing students,
and supporting them at shows are all demanding. Work on the farm begins around 6
hard for
be tedious, she says,
some of her clients
But they
boring but
it's
time-consuming."
to afford to
all
find a
way
to
In 1984, a car accident
and language
ended both her
next two years recovering. During that time,
she sold a few horses and saw her daughter,
that's acceptable."
to fit
Benton from
much time, and she had
Pony Club and the Equine Explorers Club. While working as a trainer,
Paula was also giving riding lessons at the
to leave the
work at the farm and her riding lessons. Her
neck was fractured and Hosking spent the
who Hosking had been
since she
Hidden Hollow Farms began with the nine
when they moved
job began to take too
of values and behavior
riding into their budgets or schedules.
with them
herself,
other farm.
pay
horses Paula and her husband Bill brought
Before going into business for
Hosking spent several years working at an
area farm, training Arabian horses. But the
"I insist on a standard
for lessons, while others can't afford the time
to take lessons.
"it isn't
and styles of riding.
She says horses are "the great equalizers,"
and are notjust for the rich. Hosking says it's
Riding Club for
of shows. Hosking also enters some shows.
teaching students to ride them.
different types of horses
and shows. She had
in the
work. Teaching young students can
rider's
She has been a riding instructor since age 17.
Over the years, Hosking has become an experienced instructor and trainer for many
been heavily involved
about five years, which now sponsors a series
Hosking's habit and business at Hidden
Hollow Farms is horses. For thirty years now
she's been boarding them, training them, and
Hosking began riding when she was a
child and never outgrew her love of horses.
establish riding clinics
of a
moment
lessons and supervising every
for the world."
requires
a lot of padence, repeating instructions in
was
four,
training as a rider
become a 4H state riding
champion.
a.m.
He
when
Bill
does the
first shift
of chores.
feeds and waters the horses and brings
For a while, Hosking didn't know if she'd
to ride again and once she started, she
be able
New Jersey. Two trips with a friend's trailer
them
moved
those nine horses which included
about 8:30 p.m. when Paula has finished giv-
utes before she got too dizzy and had to get
Paula's two riding horses, a few pairs of
ing lessons and supervises the last shift of
off.
and a pony for the children.
mares and
foals,
For about
fifteen years, they raised horses
and sold about
of time and
of them. But
money
Hoskings had
more lime
six
takes a lot
to raise horses,
to stop raising
for their
it
own
and the
horses to have
children.
Children are an important part of her busi-
in
from the pastures. The day ends
chores. During the day, she
trainer,
is
assisted
by a
Carol Brookhart, Danville, who trains
horses and prepares them for lessons, and a
retired fanner,
who
helps with
work
in the
Determination
she loves
made
to return to the activity
her lengthen the time she
could spend on horseback each day.
She returned
to training
and
instructing
riders at the other farm, but that job also took
a lot of time and left her with little time for her
barn.
In her thirty years as a rider,
ied
could only stay on the horse for about 20 min-
Hosking stud-
many different styles of riding, including
family.
She
left the job,
but
all
her students
continued to take their riding lessons with
now
Hosking's
own
ness since Hosking likes to concentrate her
dressage, jumping, cross-counU"y, western,
her, only
efforts on the area she thinks she has a special
and Enghsh. As an
Rae Kurland, Danville, drives nearly 50 miles
36
adult, her
enthusiasm for
at
farm. Mrs.
Spectrum
—
.
round
irip to Uikc her son Tom, 14, who hopes
become a professional rider, lo his lessons
those standards arc asked to leave. Ho.sking
to
believes her job
with Hosking. Kurland says, "I'd drive a lol
ride or perform well in shows, she also wants
absolutely the most marvelous teacher.
more tlian 50 miles to slay with her. She's just
Her
Ihem to be well-rounded and responsible.
Hosking says they "don't measure success in
background and experience make her a su-
terms of winning ribbons."
perb professional." Kurland likes that
Hosking
"is
winning
horses, not just
ribbons."
The business at Hidden Hollow has grown
quickly, but
margin
still
to
winning ribbons."
are well-trained.
anybody but
[her]
own
check-
around. They have to
who owns Hosking ConsUuction, Inc.,
outdoor riding arena and expanded the
were added
to the
who
The
chances or
wear approved
riding
conventional indoor job, says that
work
if
•Hamsters
•Rabbits
•Fish
what she could possibly do for four hours that
night.
Bloomsburg Agway
9th
& Iron Streets
such demand that "they were sold before
the animals she's loved since childhood at a
Mon.-Thurs. 8-6
doors were on."
Hidden Hollow Farms covers almost forty
job where she "can't give less than 110
The
eight horses, fifty students, four dogs, five
in
the
acres divided into five fenced pastures.
60
ft.
X 120
lighted indoor ring, with and
ft.
attached observation
room
So
SaLS^'Sun.
•
Fri.
X 170
ft.
ft.
10-2
^M IK
l^^^l ^^
cats,
and forty acres of green
fields.
S
AGWAY(
complete with a
CONTEMPORARY
CRYSTAL
outdoor ring encloses
obstacles for jumping.
8-8
percent," surrounded by her family, twenty-
wood-burning stove, allows students to practice and families to watch in any weather.
The 110
Lizards
"Also complete line of
pet products & Supplies."
784-1822
Hosking, were
&
•Birds
instead of a 9 lo 5 job, she works with
original nineand, according to
•Kittens
she
wonders
early, she
.
•Guinea Pigs
•Puppies
fool
wouldn't be happy with a
finishes her day's
featuring.
A-1 condi-
helmets and hard-soled shoes."
Hosking,
old barn. Fifteen stalls
in
and the horses
students can't take
their
Benton, built fences, a reviewing stand for
the
tion,
Pet Store
full line
Hosking "the equip-
ment is
book."
Bill,
ensure their
According to
success in terms of
wide. But Hosking likes that she "doesn't
answer
safety.
don't measure
not very
is
to
is
"We
lo
Part of her responsibility to the students
concerned
with the welfare of the
profit
more than leaching kids
is
!
The
obstacles were
and some of Paula's students and
built by Bill
were painted by the Hosking family.
A mile-
long cross-counu-y course follows the treeline
across
two
fields
and includes eight perma-
nent jumps.
Paula says part of the satisfaction she gels
from being an instructor
is
"selfish,
being around kids and [giving lessons]
way of keeping
I
like
is
one
kids around." She's con-
cerned about the children she has as students
and expects a
lot
The
Hometown Bank
.
Thia Progrese crystal chandeiier
Nobody Does
of them.
Since the whole purpose of the farm
cation, the students are taught to tack
is
edu-
up
their
It
Better!
prisms add elegartce. .^
"*
Just one ot the
many Progress
designs on display
in our six>wroom.
We invite you lo
come see them all.
horse for a lesson even though they don't
have
to
do
it
themselves.
group lessons
is
The base
rate for
$12 whether the student
boards a horse there or rides one of Hosking's.
Boarding a horse for one month costs $200,
which Hosking says includes
"total care"
FIRST
SUPPIY,
Div. of
and
iX:
BLOOMSBURC ELECTR:CAL
(,().
feeding, cleaning, calls to the veterinarian or
blacksmith, and
as
a
1
We feature
=
COLUMBIA
^S
B.VNK &TKl'ST
Is
contemporary as tcxJay. Delk:acy of line is in the
finely drawn arms and slim bot>eche8. 24k gold ove
solid bfass is qualrty. Strass hand-cut lead crystal
INC
Friedman
Electric Co.
access to all the fields, rings,
trails.
Paula insists on a certain "standard of values and behavior and language that's acceptable,"
and students
who
Spring-Summer 1991
(717)784-9488
1=1
800-222-9203
Fri. 8-8 Sat. 8& t^sTERCARD Accepted
Moh-Thurs. 8-5
Visa
can't conform to
37
Fleetwood
Industries,
a local motor
manufacturer,
many
of
is
its
home
leaving
toughest
competitors in the dust
picture.
by Jack Smith and Mike Mullen
Demographics point out
that these people will
have the
discretionary dollars to spend on recreation.
Dan Danglovitch began
When
he was
about
new job seventeen years ago,
He maintains that same at.
"The cost of many of the vacation packages of today's market will
make a down payment on a recreational vehicle," says Adelsburger.
a shop foreman in the service dcparunent at the
An
Fleetwood motor homes plant in Paxinos, near Elysburg, one of
RV
titude today.
large
his
the prospects
excited
six plants
He
is
nationwide that manufacture 21- to 55-feet motor homes.
and worked all stations on the production
lines," Danglovitch says. "People from the region are all good crew
members and put a lot of quality in their work. They care and they take
"I started out in set-up
pride in their work," he says.
exciting to sec
"Even
new models come
after seventeen years,
it is still
off the line."
Motor homes, best described as living quarters on wheels,
economy
by the fact that one of the largest plants
in a Fortune 500 company is located in
are
strongly linked to the local
"Even
this area.
The
plant
is
the third largest of 47
in the giant corporation
erside, Ca.
It is
one of
based
six
in
indication of the potential for the 1991 market
show
in Harrisburg.
strong by both dealers and the public.
have continued
"The consumer," he
at
exciting to see
models come off the
new
line."
State,
Adelsburger notes.
Models of the various Paxinos
change dramatically about every
and decor
in fabrics
interest high.
sellers in the recrea-
170,000 square foot
One
are
employed
in the
facility.
of every three
RV's
sold in the United States
a Fleetwood
is
product and annual sales continually top one billion dollars. Sales
figures include
all
products of the
company
including manufactured
"The market has been
stable for the past six years," according to
Joe Adelsburger, product sales manager. The market is basically tied
to interest rales
and the economy
provide sales impetus since nearly
in general.
all
Low
interest rates
motor homes are financed.
Adelsburger believes that the next several years should bring a strong
38
ride suspension.
The
The baby boomers, he
says, are entering the
economic
to
keep consumer
models are
intro-
to the chassis
such
basic chassis has an
Chevrolet 454 cubic inch displacement or Ford 460
—
—automatic transmission and body frame.
engine,
v-8
more
cither a
Hundreds of "raw" body frames are parked
housing.
market.
New
duced sometime between July 15 and August 1.
The process begins with any special alterations
as the addition of
units
three
to four years, with slight annual changes
motor homes, top
About 450 people
is
a healthy level."
plants involved in the manufacture of
tional vehicle industry.
says,"
The plant in Paxinos services about 150 dealers on the east coast
from Maine to Florida. About one-third of the company's sales volume comes from Florida. Sales are strong year-round, says
Adelsburger, but this was not always the case. "The big change," he
says, "came when the large Florida
market developed." The early 1980's
saw the market expand in the Sunshine
Riv-
Fleetwood
was September's
was
to Adelsburger, interest
very resilient in spite of the trouble in the Middle East. Retail sales
after seventeen years,
it is still
According
waiting their turn on the assembly
line.
in front
of the factory
Adelsburger says the firm
must keep eight to twelve weeks of inventory on hand to offset any
problems that might arise. It lakes up to six months for delivery from
Ford or Chevrolet and a problem from one of those plants could halt
production of the chassis or a surprising upturn
mean
in
business could
a shortage at the Paxinos facility.
Spectrum
jj
Paxinos can produce forty to sixty units
per week.
home
to
takes three days for a motor
It
complete
shaped assembly
ing,
its
circuit
line.
on a horseshoe
All wiring, plumb-
and basic features begin the phases as
the unit is
stage
is
moved from
Inventory bodies
stage to stage. Final
the paint locker and, after a factory
completed units are driven
test drive, the
homes
for the
are
kept on hand
to
The
by professional
origin of the
drivers.
motor home
is
some-
what clouded, but almost from the invention
of the "horseless buggy"
all
"homemade" variety.
The founder of Fleetwood
recalls
how
were of
built living quarters
line
'
'
^**^- -O-^^
S£^^
from
Detroit.
tlie
Photo by Jennifer Moon
Crcan
He piirlayed his success into making travel
an Irish Immigrant,
on the back of a 1925
Model T truck chassis.
TheCrean family wandered through several states, starting in North Dakota and
ending in California. The trip took an entire
year. Crean began what was to become a
giant corporation in the late 1940s by manufacturing Venetian blinds for RVs. At that
time RVs were built one at a time with
assembly
v-'"v
enterprises,
attest to this fact.
his father,
\
some variation has
1950's when they
been around. Until the
began to be mass-produced,
John Crean, can
^^^^
because takes
six months to u^-^^s^^
order new ones
it
the dealerships
-Z^^^^i
manufacturing appearing
in
trailers
and despite some rough going
1950s, he has constantly expanded
all
to
in tiic
include
facets of the manufacture of recreation ve-
hicles
and
According
to the firm's
annual report,
THE
BON*TON
out the United States. First-time drivers of
motorhomes
Camp
own a recreational vehicle. An RV could
through"
.
lies
be a self-propelled unit
built
on an automo-
tive chassis, travel trailer or folding trailer,
with the
latter
two designed
usually havcafearof their size,
to
be towed by
how
easily they handle on
the road.
nearly eight million U.S and Canadian fami-
another vehicle.
the 1950s.
to
but are amazed at
components.
their
devoted
camp
sites, many of them
motor homes, are located through-
Thou.sands of
sites usually
sites so that
back up or do a
and out of the
lot
have several "pull
it is
not necessary to
of maneuvering getting
sites.
Fees for their use arc
in
far
below thoseof motels and when you consider
the costs, along with eating out, the
economy
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39
The appeal of a motor home
centers on
the concept that it is a self-contained mobile
unit with living quarters. Sleeping, cooking,
and dining
its
own
facilities are
provided and
electrical, water,
has
it
and sewage
sys-
tem.
Depending on the price, most models have
an electric generator which makes it pos-
"camp" almost anywhere. Extras
sible to
available include television and stereo sys-
tems, microwave ovens, air conditioning,
mobile telephones, leveling jacks, canopies,
and security systems.
Heetwood motor homes range in retail
price from about $30,000 to $100,000 with
most units retailing for under $60,000. Prices
depend on specifications of the various
models and the options selected by the consumer.
There are eight different brands manufac-
by Fleetwood in its six plants devoted
motor homes. Paxinos builds four models
tured
Motor homes,
like
the 1991 Cambria, are equipped with the latest conveniences,
including refrigerators, microwaves,
of a motor
home
trips are the
Pace Arrow Southwind, Bounder and Flair.
But elsewhere are Cambria, Limited, Tioga
and showers.
-
Vacaand fishing
and a growing number of people, especially
most common uses of these
The lure of the open road, convenience of camp sites and the economy of
motor home living combine to convince
people to spend money on an RV.
is
more
attraclive.
tioning, sight-seeing, hunting,
units.
Ownership of motor homes is divided between those who have permanent residence
retirees,
to
who
use their
homes
to travel
with
the seasons.
,
and Jamboree.
The newest model,
duced
in the spring
Flair ranked
it
was
the Flair,
intro-
of 1989. Sales of the
eighth among all motor homes
sold in 1989, according to Fleetwood's annual report.
"Popularity of the lower priced, full-sized
&
"JA.
Perfect 10"
!A(aU and Skin Care
unit is attributed in part to
newness,"
its
Adelsburger says. Fleetwood considers the
Hair as
its
basic, entry-level model.
The other division of the Fleetwood company, manufactured housing, outsold
all
other companies in 1989, capturing nearly
seventeen percent of the market. Fleetwood
had 28.6 percent of the market in motor
homes in 1989; Winnebago, theclosest competitor,
«x»Ni*turat
Hanicuresoa
had 17.1 percent. Coachman cap-
tured 8.1 percent.
Company executives are planning for continued growth in both recreational vehicles
«x»Pectvcures''o
and manufactured housing divisions over
the next several years. "Plantexpansions are
underway, or completed to
meet anticipated demands due to the influx
either planned,
Family Restaurant
and Ice Cream Parlour
of the baby boomer market," according to
Adelsburger.
33 E. Main
St.,
coBack ?tassages«x»
Bloomsburg
784-8079
for the
Cadllsrroday
10%
Discount on
Any Meai
|
1101 OCd'Benincfi'Rffad
'BCoomsSur0, 'PA
is
noted
facility.
Plant manager Stan Haines explains that
17815
its
17-year existence. In 1980, a 40,000-foot
addition
added
40
Paxinos
the area plant has been updated twice in
784 -S3 18
I
Although several plants will be expanded,
mostly on the west coast, nothing
was
built
in 1985.
and 60,000
feet
were
S
Spectrum
B.U. Fraternities:
At Work For You
Beta Sigma Delta
Supporting the American Cancer Society
and tlie Leukemia Foundation
Gamma Epsilon Omicron
Supporting the American Cancer Society
Phi Sigma Xi
Supporting the Ronald McDonald House
and Big Brother -Little Brother
Sigma Iota Omega
Supporting the Danny Appleton Medical Fund
Tau Kappa Epsilon
Supporting the Special Olympics
Theta Chi
Supporting the American Red Cross
and Ronald McDonald House
Pi Kappa Phi
Supporting P.U.S.H. and S.H.A.R.E.
Delta Pi
Supporting the American Red Cross, Adopt- A-Highway
and the American Cancer Society
Bloomsburg
University
Interfratemity Council
The Art of Learning
For artist-teacher Stewart Nagel, developing students' creative abiUty
Serigraphy.
Collagraphy.
Lithography.
These terms may not be in the
"That process of
his students.
communication is my motivation
for teaching, and I believe the
them
in his
everyday
life
through his own creative art processes, or the
ones he attempts
to
tributes his creative nurturing to
provides that outlet, that kind of
living in
part of the joy of the
enjoyment," says Nagel. "My interest in learning
creative process."
Nagel's most recent work,
November
exhibited last
in the
new
ideas
is
and exploring
not specifically
limited to a particular process in
the areas of drawing, spe-
with charcoal, collagra-
white charcoal drawings of semi-
dividual.
cifically
phy
To examine
"I think
art,
Nagel's artistic commitments
lie in
a high priority for me.
Haas Gallery on the Bloomsburg
University campus, consisted of
a collection of large, black and
bring out in his students.
also holds abstract
options that are not
students
applies
He
supportive family, Nagel also at-
man, but artist/teacher Stewart
Nagel, Bloomsburg, not only
knows what they mean, but he
is
works by Picasso in high regard.
Nagel says he had a lot of opportunities growing up to develop
his creativity. Along with a very
nal imagery
enjoys.
when I refer to a kind
nurturing of creative ideas in
obvious,
nor to a particular art histori-
print is
having the opportunity
and
to attend
a high school which specialized
in
music and
art education.
He
myself as an interdisciplinary in-
educational experiences" from
see the beauty and ex-
The Cooper Union School of Art
I
and the Pratt
uted in his
Institute contrib-
artistic
development.
The subject matter in Nagel's
work is primarily figurative, and
in some cases he has incorpo-
from which a
made), serigraphy (other-
known
wise
art lessons as a youngster,
also says that his "challenging
I
and creating a
textural impression
New York City, visiting
museums and galleries, having
tend to think of
cal period.
(the process of gluing ob-
jects to a surface
priority
of energy and excitement, art
everyday vocabulary of the lay-
is
my
and energies he
main
his
is
as silk screening),
in
rated Biblical themes along with
which the image to be printed is
drawn on stone or metal, and
an abstract expressionist style. "I
will retain ink).
printmaker," says Nagel, point-
mension of the subconscious and
imagery which might be comprised of natural and supernatu-
ing out, "printmaking
ral
and lithography (the process
treated so that
it
attempted to incorporate a
"Basically I'm a teacher and
is
a fine art
And
forms," he says.
Nagel began teaching on a
experience which parallels
sculpting or painting.
di-
college level at
the
Howard Univer-
Washington, D.C.,
in
1968,
technical processes in printmak-
sity,
would include relief, intaglio, serigraphy, and lithogra-
and came
to
to nurture the creative
Bloomsburg University in 1972, where he served
as chair of the Department of Art
from 1985 to 1990.
"The primary purpose of my
ing
phy."
Nagel has produced two fine
art limited edition
books of
scrigraphs, and has written
on collagraph printmaking.
"I
think the excitement of
being involved
process
is
in
the creative
the basic reason for
wanting to participate
A
detail
from Nagel's work "The Dream"
his
abook
me
in it," says
Nagel considers
citement of various disciplines,
teaching
"abstract expressionism" to be
including music, literature, as
potential of students," he says,
well as science and math."
noting, "I help them develop their
abstract figures.
the style
most closely identified
"My works con-
with his work.
cern an inherent rhythm," he
says.
"The works deal with
the
human
Nagel. "I think thckind of energy
relationship between
and rewards become obvious
beings and their environment."
from being involved
ess.
There
is
in the
proc-
also a great deal of
enjoyment from the products that
are a result of the experience."
Nagel says he enjoys communicating and interacting with
l2
Nagel's influence
in abstract
Nagel says he appreciates the
inter-relationship of the disci-
He
says they are
whose
vis-
a histori-
to
experience and create works
art."
ergy that transposes into the en-
being a college professor which
joyment of
provides him with an opportu-
artistic
experiences.
teractions,
specific individuals
in
their ability
of
Willem Dc
Kooning, Mark Rothko, and
Franz Kline.
framework, and
He also believes athletics
"One's environment, one's
artists,
understanding of art
cal
and sports provide a kind of en-
plines.
expressionism stems from three
of his favorite
is
begin
in-
and one's experiences
to bring out
some of
this
basic spirit of people," he says.
The
oldest of three children.
nity to
tistic
Nagel
broaden
says he enjoys
his personal ar-
commitment and
and develop
his
to refine
philosophy of
leaching.
—JANE MEHLBAUM
Spectrum
<^^^
C'
TiS
LQQMSDURfi
TOWN
The only
in
Pennsylvania
A NICE PLACE TO
-
Downtown Bloomsburg
-
Bloomsburg Airport
-
Historic District
-
-
Bloomsburg University
Bloomsburg School District
Bloomsburg Town Park
Susquehanna River Recreation
Bloomsburg Fair
Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble
Bloomsburg Daycare Center
-
Numerous
-
-
>
-
Cultural
GROW UP
.
.
;
•
•
.
•
•
•.
•
•
•
''.•t.i'^z?.
•if•1<^'cf'
••
•..-'.
Wi-Vt
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*=.••••("?:?•''=:
).•-
lS'1il^»^Y^^«•
m
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.
& Recreational Activities
••,•••..
•••'
•
*
>".iW«(
..'.•'.tii.
Your Council
Working To Meet Your Needs
GEORGE H. HEMINGWAY, MAYOR
COUNCIL MEMBERS:
;A--.V
STEVE BECK
RICHARD CONNER
DR.
;•:&
THOMAS EVANS, JR.
ED KITCHEN
CHARLES LEARN, JR.
FLORENCE THOMPSON
&^!^r^\
National Arbor Day Foundation
has designated
Bloomsburg
^rf^
as a
Tree Citv
;-i
USA
J
Working to Make
Bloomsburg Better
Stony Brook Mobile
Home
Sales
Stony Brook Mobile
Home
Park
E-Z Clean Car Washes
Odds
& Ends Market
•Pennsdale Meats*
Husky Housing
Building Lots
Call us today for more information
about our services
Construction Co
784-6578
Winter 1991-1992
The Magazine
for
Vol. 5 No. 2
Columbia and Montour counties
SPECIAL JREPORT:
Child Cusi
WhoWin^
WhoLos'^
Big news on campus from The
BomTon
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THE BON^TON
Service With
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The Magazine for Columbia and Montour counties
Winter 1991-1992 Vol.
5,
No. 2
All-American Magazine, Associated Collegiate Press
Medalist Award, Columbia Scholastic Press Association
First Place/Regional, Overall Excellence, Society of Professional Journalists
Second Place/National, Society of Collegiate
Mommies
I
One woman relives
n
Can't Cry by Judy Kosman
6
a nightmare to fight for her daughter's rights
Daddy's
m
JournalisLs
Little Girls? by
Mike Mullen
Despite conventional wisdom, one father says they are, and
isn't
afraid to say
why
Caught In The Crossfire by Jennifer Stefanick
Often used as pawns in custody battles, the children suffer most
IV
Sometimes, when families
V
While weighing
Where Love And Law Collide
Balancing The Scales
VI
vn
vin
deteriorate, the
by Pat Trosky
courtroom becomes the
battlefield
Of Justice byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey
the children's welfare, lawyers fight for their clients' interests
A Battle Of Experts by Ellen Condron
Court-appointed therapists don't always have
all
the answers
Searching For Solutions by Dan Trexler
To speed up
the process, parents often get trapped in a rhaze of agencies
Changuig The Channel by Matt Malinowski
Except in the most:^xtreme
The Break-up
/^About The Cover:^
Families involved in
situations, the
of a Family by Judy
media avoids custody cases
Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum
12
18
24
28
32
36
40
42
DEPARTMENTS
Behind the Lines
4
The Cutting Edg( -New Battle Lines Drawn by Kami Silk
Back of the Book FACEing Facts by Jane Mehlbaum
5
custody battles are
often
overwhelmed
by the court system.
Photo by Marlyse Heaps
J
46
BEfflND THE LINES
Winter 1991-1992
Even
if
we have
custody battle first-hand, most of us
know someone who has. It affects us all.
And that's exactly why we decided the subject
was important enough
entire issue to
to
devote an
Could a magazine havepicked a touchier
But
Maybe, maybe
doesn't matter, because
it
Some seven months
child custody.
covered
the angles
all
one could
imagine, all the time using as a backdrop the
Northumberland county.
mother's story of the pain and anguish she suffered throughout the whole
specific case in
The
ordeal is reflected by Judy Kosman.
introduces us to a mother
who
is
Kosman
not just
worth
appears the court has ignored the
it
rights of the
younger daughter who wishes
to live with her
The
is
of
mom.
father's tale of
an unstable mother
by Mike Mullen. The father tells
how he experienced sex-based discrimi-
detailed
nation, but never
gave up
his fight for the
as Jane
it
Mehlbaum
man who
describes the
helps other fathers fight
them throughout the
Without
we
at
Spectrum Magazine have dazzled
see us better ourselves the very next
But this issue is completely difChild custody is not the type of
subject suitable for a mind-boggling
issue.
ferent.
So because Spectrum Magazine is
not afraid to attempt new things and
simply because we have done almost all
with a feature magazine, we
decided to try our hand at an informative/news format, the result of which is
what you have in your hands right now.
we could
at
Spectrum hope you are as happy
it
we
as
are.
As an organization, we have continued
to reap the
rewards of a successful maga-
We have been fortunate
win many
awards over the past few years, the most
recent of which was our first place finish in
zine.
the
Jennifer Stefanick introduces us to the
two daughters caught in this tug-of-war and
lets them tell their story.
New
to
England/Mid-Atlantic region of
the Society of Professional Jounalists
and a
second place finish nationally in the Society
there
we
tour the court system
Still,
it
really doesn't matter as long as
serve our readers as best
we
And
cause
Mike Mullen
SENIOR EDITOR
Judy Kosman
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Jane Mehlbaum, John Michaels,
Dan Trexler
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Ellen Condron, Donna Grajewski,
Matt Malinowski, Kami Silk,
Brian Rippey,
Jennifer Stefanick, Jim Brogna
LEGAL COUNSEL
design.
with
Walter M. Brasch
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
EDITORIAL
entire process.
a doubt, in the past
everyone with our footwork. We have
had some story designs in the past that
we thought couldn't be topped, only to
We
Vol. 5, No. 2
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
and supports
of Collegiate Journalists' competition.
children.
From
to
story of a
afraid for the children's safety, but angry
because
spilled over
two pages for the first time in
our short history. But we believe it was
we did.
ago. Spectrum
Magazine undertook what was to become
the most difficult issue to date. We became
aware of a custody battle in Northumberland
county that had every aspect of a child
custody case anyone could think of. And as
a result, the staff as a whole decided to
examine the sometimes delicate, sometimes
confusing, and always painful subject of
We
from one
for custody of their children
it.
subject than child custody?
not.
Our Back of the Book has
never experienced a
believe that
is
we
DIRECTOR
Karen Hendel
ASSOaATE DIRECTOR
Erin Martin
ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES
Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
Rich Pinterich, Renate
Ypma
BUSINESS
DIRECTOR
Dan
Trexler
MANAGER
Renate
Ypma
CIRCULATION
DIRECTOR
Sean Gregorowicz
we
can, be-
much more impor-
seems we are doing
Susan Hill
ADVERTISING
ZONE MANAGERS
Matt Belvedere, Ellen Condron,
Matt Malinowski, Rich Pinterich,
just that
Jennifer Stefanick
meet the lawyers involved
Fishbein and Brian Rippey], identify
because our circulation continues to climb
and yet another one of our stories was re-
PRODUCTION
the role of therapists [Ellen Condron], get
printed in another magazine bringing the
[Pat Trosky],
[Jeff
lost in the
confusing maze of agencies set up
[Dan Trexler], and examine the media's role in the whole process,
to help the children
if
indeed they have a role at
all
[Matt
Malinowski].
In addition,
we have our
Kami
examines the changing face of custody
how the courts have modified their
laws and
decisions over the years.
it
total to six in three years.
We
couldn't be
prouder of that accomplishment and
we sin-
cerely hope that
you share our pride, because as a reader you are the most important
The Editors
part of our magazine.
—
Spectrum Magazine
llianks the
two artists
who contributed their talents to this issue,
Jill
Seipe and Kyle Crawford.
/
"^
'Spectrum is published twice a year by the Program
in
Journalism, Bloomsburg University of^
Pennsylvania (Bloomsburg, Pa. 1 78 1 5). Single copy price is normally $2.95, with this special
issue being $ 1 .95.
No portion of Spectrum may be reprinted, including advertising, without
permission of Spectrum.
DIRECTOR
Steve Sullivan
PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS
Judy Kosman, Jane Mehlbaum,
Matt Malinowski, Dan Trexler
PRODUCTION CONSULTANTS
Jim Psik, Dick Kashner, Jim Seybert
featured de-
partments. In this issue's Cutting Edge,
Silk
tant.
ISSN 0892-9459. ©1991 SpecU-um Magazine.
PROMOTION
DIRECTOR
Kami
Silk
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
Dan Trexler
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
Matt Belvedere, Jim Brogna,
Erin Martin
SPECTRUM
s
THE CUTTING EDGE
with that particular parent."
to live
a parental relation-
in
concept is important, bulnow they
weigh
piness or even physical harm.
CUSTODY LAWS
the evidence accordingly.
who may
parties
want cus-
also
Emphasis was placed on
tody.
ship.
have been
In the past, parents
given a preferred status over third
New Battle Lines Drawn
standing
To uproot
stage may result
Courts belicvcthe"whole family"
According
the child at this
severe unhap-
in
to
Wilson, "This
many children.
The intensity of hurt increases with
could be \Tue for
theageofachild.Sooldcrchildem
many times more affected than
parent-child relationships due to a
are
very young children."
Child custody decisions origi-
sulted in a turnaround of custody
variety of concocted standards
nate from a history of actions
decisions. Fathers have been
originating from their supposed
Courts usually consider the
presumed to reflect traditional
American ideas of "normal" fam-
awarded child custody over moth-
paternal and maternal rights.
length of time a child has flour-
number of cases.
Courts held that unless compel-
ished in a given environment be-
ily life.
Although
earlier courts
ers in a
According
Anne Wilson,
to
ling reasons existed to the con-
would be presumed
believed their actions benefitted
Ph.D., professor of sociology,
trary,
would be con-
Bloomsburg University, "Some
the child's best interests
the children, they
sidered discriminatory
by today's
studies indicate this
may be due to
The principle followed by Penn-
coming
similar.
sylvania courts in deciding child
tionally
men have
custody cases is to determine what
cial resources than the majority
is in
the best interests of the child,
as demonstrated in
Harashack
Harashack (1979). All other
terests,
v.
in-
including the rights of con-
tending parties, are considered sec-
But
also, tradi-
force,
Anyone who
Factors to determine the child'
best interests usually include the
is
not a natural
given third-party
status.
Jordan
v.
the "natural parents are both
fit,
the
trial
court must give positive con-
who
sideration to the parent
of
are equivalent to blood strangers
been the primary caretaker."
participate in
Com-
Sometimes
joint custody is
awarded and the considerations of
are also considered third parties.
the primary caretaker are not ap-
According
to the
Supreme Court,
Pennsylvania
the current out-
look on the parental bias holds that
plicable.
Joint custody has become a
norm to which sole parent cus-
the natural parent has a prima fa-
tody orders will deviate.
elimination of sex-based discrimi-
cie or self-evident right to cus-
good success
is
has
monwealth (1980). Stepparents
asestablishedby/l/foW^/!/ vs.
a need for the
and there
ing,
Jordan
and the child is of tenderyears,
if
is
in
(1982),theSupcriorCoundecided
Grandparents, aunts, and uncles
the day-to-day rigors of child rear-
ondary.
parent
have entered the labor
many males
with
fore deciding custody opinions.
For instance,
greater finan-
women. Many times women are
economically handicapped."
Today, increased numbers of
women
lie
that
parental custody.
male and female gender roles be-
standards.
it
It
has a
because two
rate
character and fitness of the parties
nation.
To overcome this right, con-
parents intimately involved in the
seeking custody, the nature of the
and the Ellerbe decision, fathers
vincing reasons must be presented
child-rearing process compensate
proposed custodial homes, the
and mothers have equal oppor-
to
child's preference, the parenting
tunities for custody in the eyes
child will be served
of the law.
abilities
and inclinations of the
and how the child
Because of these changes
tody
.
show
the best interests of the
for the negative emotional impact
by placement
on the child caused by the divorce.
with a third party.
In a sense, the child
keep both parents." But according
always be the best
tradi tionallly believed that un-
Montgomery
County Children and Youth Ser-
greater
der ordinary circumstances, sib-
vices (1980), the maternal grand-
tendency to give mothers custody
lings should not be separated. This
parents were able to
show con-
under the Tender Years Doctrine.
idea,
why
the father's
Formerly applied by Pennsylva-
"separation of siblings presump-
nia courts, this doctrine simply
tion" or family doctrine, originated
contestants,
is
Pennsylvania
adapting to his present situation.
In the past, there
was a
courts
commonly referred to as
from
Children 14 years old or younger
and develop
were considered
successful social interaction.
years, but as they grew older,
more
including siblings
the child can learn
necessary for
times, this resulted in
Many
weight was placed on their prefer-
gaining custody of
dren, although
Hooks (1975) the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court
more beneficial for the children to
In Ellerbe v.
abandoned the tender years presumption The court noted the doc-
be
split
all
the chil-
may have been
between both parents.
In Sykora
v.
joint custody
factors," says
that they
could supply a
"It
depends on how close
each parent lives to the other, the
personality of the child, the rela-
forth.
If
both parents aren't
willing to forget existing prob-
the father could not.
lems between themselves and put
The "roots of the tree" policy
refers to judicial
that
awareness
an environment in which the
child
is
thriving should not be
disrupted unless other factors in-
better serve the child.
the child's best interests
joint custody
first,
solution."
Child custody arose from an
array of presumptions.
Time
Chief Jus-
widiin our society. Instead of fo-
Maxey originated this term
tice
to the con-
forcing a child to reside with one
a 1949 Pennsylvania
views, the court system
cept of the equality of the sexes
of the parents solely for the pur-
Court decision.
Supreme
He compared the
new
nurturing of a child to the growth
the child's best interest.
trine
was "offensive
in
which we have embraced as a
pose of keeping the siblings
constitutional principle within this
gether can be distinctly out-
of a young
jurisdiction."
weighed by the detrimental effects on that child who prefers not
Maxey, after age two the child
becomes su^ongly attached to those
In recent years, Ellerbe has re-
WINTER
1991-1992
to-
U'ce.
has
faded many of them due tochanges
courts observed "the benefits of
.
then
would not be a good
would
dicate a different setting
Sykora{\91i\ the
Wilson.
source of stability for the child that
one parent
ences.
it
not
tionship between the parents, and
that a child
skills
"The success of
depends on many
may
alternative.
so
custody of the natural mother.
be of tender
Wilson, joint custody
to
dence
atmosphere
whom
"allowed
awarded custody based on the evi-
served by placing the child in the
—
to
is
ben-
efits
in
vincing reasons
v.
a family
from the belief
dren of "tender years" were best
from growing up
the
Davenport
In
prima facie right to custody of his
8-year-old son should be overcome. The grandparents were
held that the best interests of chil-
to
also
According
to
cusing on accepted traditional
now
has
ideas about what will sen'e
-^AMI SILK
MOMMIES
CAN'T
CRY
One woman
a nightmare
relives
to fight
for her daughter's rights
Angle walked the streets of Shamokln, clutching a picture of a
little girl in
The loose bun in her long, dark hair hung
her hand.
At
18, she left her
home
in
New
Hampshire
Women who
abuse as children often find themselves
dered face of each passerby.
adults,
Nightmares of her past haunted those
young
girls
who were now
caught
math. Angle believed she
left all
moved
new
to Florida to start
a
in
streets
—
visions of the
with 19 years ago and the two
in the relationship's
stormy
life
with her youngest daughter, Julie.
in similar situations as
saysDiane Magagna, counselor at the Bloomsburg Women's
Center. For Angle, the violent cycle began again just one year after
leaving home.
Angle, then 19, met
after-
of these visions behind when she
escape an abusive
experience psychological, physical, or sexual
limp now, her face haggard from a day of searching and worry. Still,
she found the strength to thrust the wrinkled picture in the bewil-
charming married man she moved
to
stepfather.
worked as an exotic
Roy on
July 2, 1971, at a club where she
interpretive dancer.
She had been dancing
at
various clubs since leaving home.
But, when Angle received cus-
Roy, then 29, was a member
todypapersfromJulie'sfather,Roy,
of the band at the Shamokin club.
she realized the war in Pennsylvania
was
far
struggle to
Angle
from over. Instead, her
win
Julie
"Every time
Angie, young and alone, was im-
I tried to
who became
would lead
into confrontations with the
get away,
I
had to have
a master plan."
number of lawyers.
Angle's problems started at
home with what she called a physically and emotionally abusive relationship. Angle is hardly unique.
According to the Pennsylvania Coalition against Domestic Violence, batterers claim over three million victims each year in the
assaulted in their
women
each year are
own homes.
For many of them, the
battle doesn't
end when they
finally
escape the abusive environment because leaving their husbands
may
a friend.
According
to
Roy, there was
an immediate attraction between
Youth
caseworkers, psychologists, and a
court system. Children and
United States. In Pennsylvania, 800,000
pressed by the confident stranger
also mean abandoning their children.
Freedom had been an elusive dream most of her life, according
to Angle. Her experience with domestic violence began early in life.
moved
into the trailer he shared with a friend.
But, Angie wasn't the only
later,
Angie and himself. "Somehow
we knew there would be something special between us," he says.
Two or three weeks later, Angie
woman in Roy's life. Three months
she discovered he was married and had two children. He didn' t
them on occasion.
Angie remembers the confrontation and how Roy quickly
assuaged her fears. She says he set up a mock wedding ceremony in
which they exchanged self-written vows and promised each other
that they would have a genuine ceremony within three years.
Roy, however, claims neither he nor she wanted marriage. "At
that time, there was no such thing as marriage," he says. "She
live with his other family, but visited
by Judy Kosman
SPECTRUM
,
believed
more than
it
I
did.
The piece of paper
we were
didn't say
going to be together forever, and a divorce would just complicate
things with
Two
my
independence." They began to fight continually and
apartment often. "For the
was still waiting to announce their
engagement. Instead, Roy announced the birth of his son by his
wife, Mary, in August 1973. When she confronted Roy, Angle says
he insisted she was his one true love and explained he had been
on a night when she was out of town, leaving
unfaithful only once
him alone.
1974, she
their
came
Angie, Mary told a different story. In February
to the trailer to visit
marriage was
began
to
strong and
still
Angie,
Roy
who
recalls her saying
visited her often.
remember all of his absences over the past few
or three times, she says,
Roy had
left
Angie
years.
to
Angie,
how
1
will
I
Two
the trailer for
have a car or even leam
to drive.
some
neighborhood women,
Angie got her license and
So, with the help of
•^-^
really living with his wife.
a loan to buy a
J
Angie
\
car.
recalls she
and Roy argued the night
meager welfare checks and hoping
to win him back.
Roy, however, says, "I only
left her once and it was for about
one month. It might have been
six.
go and
away," she says,
Roy said he was
wasn't close to
to
"I had to have a master plan. But, Roy
showed up and ruined my plans."
On March 31, 1976, Angie gave birth to Dcni.se and decided that
it was time to win some independence.
Angie says Roy did not want her to
tried to get
She remembers spending those
times alone in the trailer, living on
it
she could
going
I
consistently
periods, but she often suspected he
longer, but
am
live?'" she says. But, she did plan to leave. "Every time
staying with his mother during these
was
how
Other thoughts haunted Angie. She wondered
afford to leave Roy. "I asked myself, 'Where
six-month intervals.
According
Roy left the
how Mary must
felt," Angie says.
Angie only really began to worry, she says, when the arguments
turned into threats. She remembers how Roy threatened her with
guns from a collection he kept. Roy, however, denies threatening
Angie at all, let alone with guns.
—
to
understood
I
have
children."
years later. Angle
According
time,
first
she drove her
(
new
car
home. She remembers
taunting, "What's the
matter, are you afraid
I'm going to
I
start to fol-
\
if I still
low you?" She says Roy,
Angie rarely worked in those
first few years with Roy. In fact,
she claims he forbade her from
getting a job, afraid she would
grabbed a pair of scissors
needed time to see
wanted to be with her."
just
attain financial
enraged by her question,
and drove
doing
years
ary 1987, Angie
pay for her half of the rent, utilities, and food. Finally, Angie
t\
weeks of begging, she
New
-.
Hampshire
„^-
\
^
called
'
"'-
^k
^
\
Roy and
i
J
not
Yet, she did eventually quit.
1975, she
left
Roy
to live
New
with her sister in
Angie, the euphoria of parenthood didn't
S he says her pregnancy
marked the first acts of violence in
had a daughter to think about and
WINTER
1991-1992
later.
When
she returned to Roy's
apartment to pick up the rest of her belongings, she
claims
Roy confronted her about
the affair.
would testify in a custody hearing
mother unless she and Denise returned
friend
—
Roy claims he never
She says he
told her his
to
prove she was an unfit
to
him immediately.
I
was
But,
said this.
Angie returned to find herself in a "living nightmare." She says
Roy continued
to see his
wife behind her back and the abuse
their
As
the relationship
became more
repressive,
Angie looked
harder for opportunities to improve herself. She pushed
attention for four years," she says.
need
continued.
last long.
relationship.
"Roy had all of my
felt the
But, her revenge backfired two
months
|
weeks later, she discovered that she was
pregnant; the father was Roy, and she begged him to take her back.
Thinking the baby might bring them together, Angie remembers eagerly returning to Roy. They moved into an apartment,
because he believed it would be better for the baby. But, according
to
together and she
-
six
one
for revenge.
|^
|
over.
to Angie, Roy had
many affairs during their time
'*'
being a quitter," she says.
was
affair with
According
-
^•"~
son commits to something or someone she should stick it out. "The
summer of
a message
left
of his good friends to spile him.
V
But, she believed that once a per-
Hampshire. About
again.
that their relationship
Then, she had an
As each year with Roy passed
Angie felt more and more used.
In the
Febru-
Roy
to live with her
'^'J
is
later, in
left
mother. During her absence, she
;
order to earn a small salary.
only thing I'm guilty of
Roy denies
This time, she took Denise and fled to
convinced Roy to allow her to
take apart-time job at a hospital
in
into the wall
this.
Two
independence.
So, she collected welfare to
says, after
it
near her head.
"Now I
starting to seek
some
Roy
to let
her work.
In April 1978, she began selling products out of her
home
for
a wicker company, quickly turning
let
me work in
things and
Over 200 Years
of Growth
it
into a thriving business.
the wicker business because
meet the larger
bills since
I
could do
"Roy
my wife
all
Denise's birth," Angle ex-
plains.
In fact.
Angle says Roy suggested that she employ Rhonda, his
oldest daughter from his marriage with Mary. During this time,
Rhonda spent much time at the trailer. Sometimes, Angle says, Roy
would take out Rhonda, leaving her to look after Denise. Lonely and
bitter. Angle ran away a few times, but always returned, afraid to
lose her daughter.
A proud past
A bright future
.
.
.
Angle gave
Roy was
Excellent schools
•
Diversified industry
•
Modem waste treatment plant
•
Planning and zoning
•
Central business district
Roy continued
Julie,
on July 16,
She says
to worsen.
is
home as
a great
daddy, but he
is
a
terrible father"
much
as possible.
He
objected
Bloomsburg University
when she began
in the fall
taking classes at
of 1982.
Roy
revitalization
explains, "It is not that I didn't want her to go to college,
was not affordable at the time." He also says that what started
out as one or two classes a week soon became full course loads and
extracurricular activities. "She was rarely ever here," he says. "If
she would have just used her head and done it logically it might have
worked out."
But Angle claims Roy plotted to end her college education. She
says he had her car towed one morning early in her third semester,
claiming it was being fixed for a problem she wasn't aware of.
However, he would not tell her where the car was or when it would
be returned. Without transportation. Angle says she was forced to
drop out of school. Roy denies this and says lack of finances forced
her to withdraw from college.
Angle's next attempt for freedom was a little more successful.
Roy worked as an insurance agent, so Angle convinced him to let
her start working in his office. Here, Roy did not forbid her from
enjoying a career because he was able to keep an eye on her, she
but
•
second daughter,
constantly jealous of other men, so he kept her at
"Roy
•
•
birth to her
1981. But, the situation with
Neighborhood recreation areas
Ber- Vaughn Park
Mayor Lou Biacchi
&
Borough Councilmen
it
says.
Roy, however, claims he encouraged her
to
work
in
insurance
because she lacked self-confidence and was afraid she wasn't
capable of enjoying a successful career. "I got her into the insurance
business," he says. "I always tried to get Angle involved with
something that was going to advance her in some way."
Finally, on Sept. 1, 1987, Angie left Roy for the last time. She
says he followed her to the post office in his car and deliberately
crashed into her car. She immediately got out and ran to a neighbor's
house.
From there she went to the Women's Center in Bloomsburg.
There, she learned about the theory of power and control which
Borough
of
Berwick
344 Market Street
Berwick
752-2723
now applies to her life. A chart provided by the women's center
showed her how some men use power to control women.
The cycle includes emotional abuse in which he puts her down
and plays mind games with her; economic abuse in which he keeps
her from becoming financially independent; sexual abuse in which
he treats her as a sexual object; using children in which he makes her
feel like a bad mother; threats in which he says he will hurt her or
take the children; using male privilege in which he treats her like a
she
SPECTRUM
servant; intimidation in
fear into her;
which he yells and smashes objects to put
in which he controls whom she sees or
and isolation
Angle says Roy used
talks to.
all
of these tactics on her at one time
or another in their relationship.
Roy
denies these allegations. "I never abused her, and
he says. "Angle sees abuse
hit her,"
in everything.
I
I
think
never
it
was
because of the trouble from her childhood."
Comforted by her stay at the center. Angle filed a Protection
Abuse Order for herself and two daughters. Julie, the youngest
daughter, stayed with her mother, but Denise refused.
Denise was very close to her father, according to Angle. She
says Denise often went with Roy to Mary's house for family
gatherings. Here, Angie says, Denise was exposed to many remarks
against her mother. Angle believes Denise has internalized the view
that Angie left Roy who was suffering from a
of Roy's family
from.
—
Come & Spend
Day
with Us
the
heart condition, at the worst possible time.
Angie worried that Roy was not the best influence for the girls.
is a great daddy but he is a terrible father," she says. She notes
that he lets the girls go to bed whenever they want, and never helps
them with their homework although he expects good grades from
them, and he takes the girls wherever they want to go but doesn't
participate in any of their activities.
Also, Angie believes Roy is afraid to leave the area. "He is
"Roy
,
afraid to leave his pull behind," she says, "People
are afraid of him.
He
regions of Pennsylvania. She saysRoy'sparanoiaabout leaving the
state is
energy slory
who know Roy
has pull everywhere." But, Angie wants her
know that there are other places in the world besides the coal
girls to
Bfing Ihe eniife (amily and spend
a day at Ihe Susquehanna Ene'gy
Intormalion Cemer and Riverlands
recrealion area See Ihe eye-calch
ing displays. Try our educational
compuler games thai lell the
an unhealthy attitude which she does not want her girls to
Take a walk, ride your bike, fish
and picnic in Ihe 400acre Riverlands recrealion area and nature
preserve Or. call and make arrange
menis to en|oy one ol Ihe nature and
recreational programs presented by our
resident naturalist
share.
Roy
is
confused by
high school.
have no
I
this accusation. "I
situation
of
my
I
was
in
I
did,
I
—going broke paying
"I
in
have no relations
wouldn't have been
in the
for a lawyer to get custody
daughter."
Also,
Roy
he says. "I
life,"
wrong.
know
I
that's for
Complete your
trip with a bus lour .^1 the
perimeter o( the Susquehanna Steam Electric
Station. Perimeter tours must be scheduled by
calling Ihe Information Center in advance. Call
(717) 542-2131 for information.
believes he has very good reasons for not wanting
to leave Pennsylvania.
my
he says.
political ties,"
with people in high places. If
was a shop student
there's
"As far as leaving the area, I've lived here all
know where
more
to the
I
can turn to
world than
if
anything goes
this coal region,
but
a
my girls to discover on their own if they want to when they
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April
Won
Oct
through
Sat.. 8:30 a m.-4:30
-(•larch
.
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Because Angie believes she was a more responsible parental
figure, she would have liked to file for both girls' custody. But, her
&
who know Roy
are afraid of him. He has
"People
lawyer advised her not to fight for Denise because by the time
trial Denise would be old enough to tell the judge where she
of the
—
—
wanted to live no one doubted she would choose her father and
could hurt Angle's chances of winning Julie's custody. Reluctantly,
Angie
relented,
and the police removed Julie from Roy's custody,
while Denise stayed with her father.
Angie also says her lawyer advised her to follow through on her
plans to leave the state immediately since she says
harassing her at the
WINTER
Women's
1991-1992
Center.
Daily: 8
•
Wetlindi
a.m
Roy was
to
•
Council
Is
Cup
Staffing fvlon. through Fri
dusk
For inlormalion
Admission
(9
pull everywhere."
first
Riverlands
call (717)
.
8 a
r
542-2306
FREE
Located on Route 1 1 just five miles north ol Berwick 0v»red and operated
by Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. and Allegheny Eleclhc Cooperative Inc.
.
Ten days
later,
Angie
left
with Julie for
New
Hampshire with
a one-month stay in Chester, Vt., to live with an aunt until she had
secured a job and an apartment. In November, Angie began work at
County Rehabilitation Center while she studied for her
Hampshire insurance license.
On December 4, Angie and Julie arrived at their new apartment
in New Hampshire. "With us, we had seventeen cents, four garbage
the Sullivan
New
bags of clothes, a pillow, a blanket, a tapestry, a cardboard box, two
1 -quart sauce pan and two spoons," Angie remembers.
But with the help of family and friends, Angie and Julie turned the
apartment into a home. "We enjoyed doing it," Angie says. "Even
jelly jars, a
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a masterpiece."
During these hard times, Angie basked
tween her and the two
their conversations
girls.
in the closeness be-
She called Denise
brought her closer
often. But, though
to her daughter, they also
caused her anxiety.
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She claims
in the
that
Denise was often
left
alone for most of the day
apartment and she seemed depressed a
culminated
in
lot.
Angle's fears
February 1989, when she says Denise
a suicide
left
message on her answering machine.
Angie remembers immediately calling Roy. She says Roy
would not listen to her, saying Denise was sitting on the sofa
watching television. But, Angie insisted that Denise had swallowed
something and needed immediate attention.
Angie called Roy constantly the next few days, frantic to find
out about Denise, but she could not get through. Finally,
Roy
told
"The only thing
I'm guilty of is not
being a
quitter."
her Denise had swallowed a few of his heart pills, not enough to
her.
Angie
insisted that
Roy
kill
get their daughter psychological
counseling, claiming Denise often practices suicide by chewing up
handfuls of her father's medication and then spitting them out.
"That's a cry for help, but nobody's hearing," she says.
Roy says he did hear his daughter' s cry "She wasn
.
'
t
getting the
attention from her mother," he explains. "So, she called up her
mom
and told her she was taking my medication. I counted the pills; there
was only one missing. My doctor told me not to worry, and I found
out later she didn't even take it."
In April 1989,
•
Costumed Deliveries
tion
Angie was asked
then worked part-time in a group
•
•
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Wedding Receptions
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We create a Lasting Memory
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1 1
Danville
to resign
from the
rehabilita-
agency for "blowing the whistle" on internal problems. She
It
was
at this
home
for mentally
time that Angie found a friend
to
ill
clients.
help her through
She met Jim in New Hampshire. He had worked
and had experienced some of the same
problems she had. They were soon engaged.
In July, Angie became frantic when Denise told her she had
been molested by a friend whom Roy had hired to drive Denise
around. At this time, Roy was working long days at a car dealership
and worried that his daughter was not getting out enough. He asked
his friend to drive Denise to school functions and to friends' houses.
Angie became enraged when Denise called her. She made a number
of phone calls to Roy insisting that he do something. Roy promised
he would handle the situation.
the difficult times.
for the Rehabilitation Center
SPECTRUM
to learn about his friend. "That was a really
me," he says. "I've known this guy for over
twenty years and I trusted him implicitly. He said it was a lie. But,
I told him I didn't want him around my house or my kids."
Angle broke her engagement with Jim in January 1990, but
they remained friends. Finally, Angle decided that she would move
Roy was shocked
hurtful situation to
Angie didn't think twice about allowing Julie
In light of this,
visit
Rorida
the
also lived.
would live in Florida after she
was established. "He offered to
give
me $2,000 to make a life in
Florida," she remembers. But,
she says
Roy backed out of their
agreement a few days before she
"All his
He said he would take
my girls and make me look bad.
And he did just that."
about the past.
Even Roy seemed
to
have changed
for the better,
Angie
says.
send
But Julie
didn't
schedule. Instead,
called,
Roy urged
stay a
little
asked
to
her to
let Julie
When
longer.
speak
return on
when Angie
she
to her daughter,
Roy always told her Julie was
not home or she was loo busy to
talk with her mother.
Finally, the
phone conver-
Roy told her he would not send her any
money. "I felt I deserved some kind of compensation," Angie says.
"Other women get settlements from their husbands when they are
divorced." Angry and disillusioned, Angie told Roy she would take
sations
him
became
heated.
to court.
But Roy reached his lawyer
On Aug.
first.
Angie arrived in Shamokin to search for her
daughter. As she wandered through backstreels and alleys, she
thought about her troubled past and her uncertain future. "I thought,
'all his threats have come through,'" she says. "He said he would
take my girls and make me look bad. And he's done just that." S
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with Julie to
track."
through.
was going to leave.
Angle and Julie went to
Florida anyway. Jim traveled
with them so they could share expenses. His parents had a house on
the west coast of Florida and he was going to stay with them.
Angle's mother lived on the state's east coast and she would allow
Julie and Angie to stay for a while.
Florida was all Angie had hoped for. Denise seemed happy in
Pennsylvania with her father, and Julie was adjusting to life in
Florida quickly. Angie dreamed of the day when she and Julie could
get their own apartment and begin a normal, happy life. Both she
and Julie were seeing a psychologist to sort out their bad feelings
money back
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WINTER
to
her father on June 26, 1990. Julie was to stay for two weeks.
Angie says Roy promised
where her mother
She and Roy were
also talking quite a bit now. In
fact, he told her he and Denise
to
He called Angie quite often, wrote her countless letters, including
some which begged her to return, and seemed to support her. He still
talked about moving to Florida with Denise so they could all see
each other more often.
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'
DADDY'S
LITTLE
GIRLS?
Despite conventional wisdom,
one father says they
and
now and has never been a chauvinist. In fact, he
most cases, children in custody battles would be
better off with their mothers. However, his is not one of those cases.
says he
Roy
believes
isn't
isn't
said let's wait a year, put
afraid to say
away
are,
why
a year's worth of wages, I'd
sell
my
we'd get the kids accustomed to moving and then move
down with some money."
"I've always said that I could take better care of the kids than she
Roy, an insurance salesman recovering from heart surgery, was
could," the fifty-year-old father says. "My lawyer told me it was
reluctant to head south because he feared he could not compete with
very hard for a man to get custody of the children, but he also thought
the younger salesmen. "I just didn t want to get into that rat race and
I had a good case. So I filed."
push like that," he says, "But she wanted me to just pack up and go
His decision was not a spur of
and I couldn't do that."
the moment one, but rather the
Then Roy discovered that
'result of a series of events that led
Ji"i was staying with Angle's
rr-';^
n
o- '"^t
kjiic; Slctllt;
him to fear for the well-being of
•L,>
brother in Paxmos while she was
in
property,
'
5
his
youngest daughter.
"The situation was that during 1989 Angle [the child's
mother] was constantly moving
from place to place," he says. "One
time Julie [the youngest daugh-
mf^
^1
and told me she was
suing
me and taking me to
staying at the trailer in S hamokin.
"That's
when
I
realized that
that situation," he says.
were the three of us
court. I said
'No you're not,
I
didn't want to get involved with
down
"What,
all
going
together?"
was sent to me because Angle
That realization was more of
was having some trouble. I found
a turning point in his life. "I had
that's
out she was losing her apartment
written her letters every day telland had no place to live; that's
ing her how I felt, saying that if I
to
to
why Julie was here."
was doing anything wrong I was
Later, after Angle moved in
sorry," he says. "I told her I was
with Jim, a man she worked with, a man Roy claims she told him she
willing to do whatever had to be done to get us back on track because
"couldn't stand," Julie went back to live with them. "Angle would
the children needed a mother and a father. I just didn't want to go
call me and say 'Oh, I can't tell you what he did to Julie, I just hate
through the rest of my life worrying that every time she walks out the
him and he'll never do it again, because I'll kill him if he does it
door, she's meeting someone."
again.' But she wouldn't tell me what he did."
But according to Angle, Roy wasa little more supportiveof the idea
In 1990, Angle decided she wanted to move to Florida and
to move toRorida. "He told me to go ahead," she says. "He said he would
wanted Roy to join her. "I told her to move here instead," Roy says.
give me $2,000 to help set me up in an apartment and when he and
"She didn't necessarily have to live here, but at least in the area. I
Denise [the oldest daughter] were ready, they would come down."
ter]
what I'm
because
going
do
you.'"
by Mike Mullen
12
SPECTRUM
She wasn't surprised when he
told her he wasn't going. "He'll
you along," she says. "But when
with something, he never does."
tote
As
it
comes
to following
through
With
Angle claims she broke the engagement, but he was
going to travel with her and Julie to Florida anyway to share the
expenses. His parents lived on the west coast and when they arrived
for Jim,
in Florida,
he "helped
this failed,
judge
me unload my trailer at my mom's house and
own
place.
"But
I
in
with her mother until she could afford to get her
told her
it
the ten or twenty times she
says.
wasn't going to be any different from
went north
to
New
Hampshire," Roy
1
he sought the aid of James Rosini, an attorney who, as a
987, had granted Angle's Protection from Abuse Petition.
his help,
Roy
The next
step
filed
forcustody of Julie on July 24, 1990.
was to take the matter before Harry Klein, a
special master, whose job is to see if an amicable sclllemcnt could
be reached without going to trial. The hearing was .scheduled for
Aug. 16, but much more would take place before then.
then went to the west coast," she says.
Angie moved
in
Afraid for Julie's well-being becau.se she hadn't been able to
some time and faced with custody papers from Roy,
contact her for
Angie immediately
sylvania.
"They [Angie and her mother] just don't
left
Florida to search for her daughter
"
when they are together
As he expected, it wasn't long
before Angie was on the phone
get along
"I
.'vS!?J;'S»
\
she asked for $4,000. "She
her
'•\
down there a month or
more when she called me say-
Angie
says. "I talked to Julie and asked
V.
asking him for help, he claims
ing she needed
immediately called when I received
the custody letter from Roy,"
wasn't
Penn-
in
She arrived Aug. 6andfiledacounterclaim forcuslodyof
Deniseon Aug. 10.
'
>
she was coming back
if
and she told
want to be
me
she didn't
there. That's
when her grandmother
money," he
picked up the phone,
y
said,
says.
'The kids are OK,' and
"Her mother was pushing
all I could thmk
was 'Here we go again.' Only
now she's not 450 miles away m
New Hampshire, she's 1,500
miles away, and I don't know
what's going to happen to my
daughter. I don t kno w where she s
hung up."
When
her to get out and
'
going to be,
if
no one
sitter, I
even
know
she has a baby-
anything
"
/:
"She
/
/
someone
Roy
it
else
to Julie
''^^x^
might have
^>
come
into
it
my life. But I
how he felt
then told Angie
^
started cursing at
knees so
,
me and
to join us,"
she says,
might be time for me to let
never lived with anyone."
— he was afraid he would
told
1991-1992
I
couldn't find her.
I
was shocked," she
says, referring to Julie's account of being kept in
me
she was suing
me
and taking me to court. I said 'No you're not, because that's
what I'm going to do,' and I hung up."
According to official records, Roy attempted to file forcustody
on his own without the help of legal counsel on July 14, 1 990. When
WINTER
swimming pool and
started spilling all these things to me about
being forced to crawl around on her hands and
<
only be buying her some breathing space, maybe a month or
two, before she would be back for more. "She'd be in the same
jam again, only I would be $4,000 poorer," he says. "That's
when she
says.
I told them she was."
Angie didn't think so. "When I
finally got Julie back on Aug. 16, she
^L--
said.
coming down
and told her
Roy
safe.
f
there.'"
realized he wasn't
he
anything."
me to tell me what she was
doing. And the police called me to ask
if I was aware that my ex- was doing
this. They asked if my daughter was
/
still
mother's to her own place, but thinks Roy misin-
I
me
started
nieces at the
Angie denies living with another
man at any point before she moved out of her
"When
me
tell
let
all right;
they called
guy she went down there with
Now I thought, 'I'm not sending any
explained
was
showing Julie's picture around and telling people that
I kidnapped her. What she didn't
know was that she talked to my
nal
"I
ar-
"Angie came up earher than
^/
having a relationship with the origi-
terpreted something Julie
Julie
she was supposed to,"
her mother's neighbors," Roy says
money down
if
wouldn't
The two decided to have Julie
go north for a while to help Angie
out. At this point, Roy still intended to give Angie some money,
but Julie's visit changed thai
"I found out Angie was living with yet another guy, one of
"She was living with him and
"He wouldn't
says.
'
know
don't
who
ranged for a meeting widi
Roy. "I was hysterical," she
she has a place to
if
in
Roy's, so she
at
contacted a friend
;
stay, or
she arrived
Pennsylvania, Angie found
Roy's
stepsister's
Roy
home
so Angie could not find her.
doesn't deny the nature of the charge. "Angie was operat-
ing under the assumption that
Julie
whomever had
physical custody of
had custody of her," Roy says. "She figured
she could get
if
physical custody of Julie and take her back to Florida
anything about
it
and she was pretty much
right. If
I
I
couldn't do
try to stop her
and we start something, the cops show up and what happens? I go to
she has Julie, she's back in Florida and where am I? Tr>'ing to
jail,
argue between states."
Faced with the possible consequences, Roy decided he couldn't
allow the two to see each other and, legally, his actions were not
punishable. "I
was
in
my
legal right in not letting
Angie see
her,"
13
Roy says. "Legally, I had the right to have her; my attorney advised
me to do what I
Roy
is
did."
referring to the 1987 order that established the physical
custody of the two children and the subsequent visitation times. In
that
document, Roy was awarded visitation with Julie from July 17
Friday before the beginning of school. This would place the
heard on Nov. 2, 1990, in Northumberland County Court in front of
Judge William W. Lipsitt, a specially presiding judge from Harrisburg. This assignment was made because none of the other judges
were available at the time and had nothing to do with the nature of
the case.
Angie was disappointed with the hearing for a number of
saw the hearing as unfair because the judge neither
listened to what Julie had to say
until the
date for Julie's return as Aug.
1
6, coincidentally, the
day the Special
reasons. She
Master hearing was scheduled.
And
that is
when Angle fiThe two
and
we
how Roy would care for Julie.
Her disgust with Roy's lawyer
to
the meeting
told
me
to just
wait until
I
got
something, the cops
start
concerned his involvement with
show up and what happens?
go
I
women
100 percent. But
to jail, she has Julie, she's
Abuse Order
and
his
in 1987, his per-
appointment of the court
psychologist
back in Florida and I'm trying
what bothered me was the fact
that I couldn't explain any of the
accusations. I even asked him
whyldidn'tgetachance,butmy
lawyer told me not to worry because we would get our chance
to
who evaluated
the
family.
As
argue between states."
for her lawyer, she
was
not happy with his representation of her.
She believed he did
not do an adequate job of raising
in
all
of the important facts of the case, namely Denise's alleged abuse
and Roy's misleading testimony.
court."
Klein's role
the original Protection from
sonal relationship with Lipsitt,
down there because this guy was
for the
to
Denise's wishes, nor inquired as
parents went before Klein and
was short and to the
point "Once the word abuse was
mentioned, the matter was bound
over for trial," Roy says. "I was
really upset. A friend of mine
much weight
while giving
"If I try to stop her
nally got Julie back.
was finished
as soon as
could be reached without a trial.
it
appeared no settlement
He decided things should remain as
they were; Julie with Angle, and Denise with
Roy
until the court
could hear the case.
After several continuances were granted, the case was finally
However, an important point
Angle's attorney during
essential,
this
that
may have been
overlooked by
hearing was an off-hand, yet extremely
remark Roy made while on the stand, and while under oath.
When asked if his income was sufficient to support both his home and
his two children he rephed, "Yes. I don't owe anything on my home."
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14
SPECTRUM
"
This fact
is
significant because
financially stable.
his
home.
It
It
showed
it
showed
the judge he
the judge
Roy was
1989, standard practice
had no outstanding debt on
of
also wasn't accurate.
According to official records
Prothonotary's Office
from
in
1984,
went on public assistance once
only received about $400.
in the
And
that
Roy applied
and
to
DPW
lien. In
to place
judge
such a
such a case, the recipient
would then be required
to
i
Julie
pay
back any cash assistance received
won V^U:5LULIJ
let Angle
S5,000, this does not
mean
less than
we went
to the court-appointed
psychologist," he says, "I believed very strongly at the time
was sexist. Angle
had her two hours, but when I
went down, she wanted to spend
that this lady
wouldn't
have to go back."
bond
Roy was
ing used by Wiley as well. "When
was crying that I lied to her
title.
the
information she used
her decision.
Initially,
and the owner would again have
Even though
in the
make
CUIU LiH^
take her back,
when I told her she
before the lien would be removed
sole
"I
enthused with the methods be-
only program that au-
this is the
thorizes
Alter
DPW,
one month," Roy says.
in Judy Wiley's [the courtappointed family therapist] evaluation of her and the children. She
says Wiley was selective in the information she reported to the court
because according to Joe Zenuck,
Northumberland County
for
should be taken care of by now,
I paid it back some time ago."
Angle was also very disappointed
DPW,
claims investigator for the
five years
though.
1984.
This information proves that at some point
when a bond is not satisfied within
original issue.
"I
in the
Northumberland County Courthouse, Roy has a 55,000 lien placed
against his property by the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) in
for cash assistance
its
more time with Angle and the
Now I was thinking,
'Boy this lady is against me, and
children.
is
that
amount owed. And because government regulations
prevent DPW from disclosing the amount of the lien, the amount
owed can only be estimated at between $1 and $4,999. This is
because as Zenuck says, "If they come in and get SI, the bond is
this is the
$5,000, and
I'm going
to lose.'
But when she testified
needed the extra time
before and then
According
to
in court
she explained she
confirm what she had observed the night
recommended
that the children be placed with
to court records,
it
was
this
me."
testimony by Wiley that
they get $4,990,
carried most of the weight in the decision to place Julie with Roy.
The amount owed is only equal to the amount
received, and normally, another bond is issued if the amount of
assistance received exceeds $5,000. Roy's bond was renewed in
"I've taken into consideration the testimony that has been given not
placed at S5,000,
it's still
if
they get $10,
it's
$5,000."
Scott
Town
AUTO
Sales
if
only from both of the parties, but I'm particularly dependant upon
the information and the testimony given to us by Mrs. Wiley," Judge
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WINTER
1991-1992
Cleo's
Rt 42
Inn
& Main St., Numidia
DJ.
Fri.
&
Sat.
Nights
when he delivered his decision which was to grant full
Roy with liberal visitation in the summer and over
Lipsitt said
said something like that in passing or in an incredible
legal custody to
of desperation or heartache.
the holidays for Angle.
seriously."
What confused Roy was
return with
Angle
until
that the judge allowed Julie
Christmas vacation when a switch
custody could be made more easily for the sake of Julie's
education. While he understood the reasoning, he was upset
I
She found herself a new lawyer who was willing to work
who had to pay for his counsel.
He even went so far as to call Angle's lawyer's father-in-law, a
for free. This did not sit well with Roy
personal friend of
understand. "That summer,
she had a free lawyer,"
want to
go back with her mother,"
Roy
says.
"Then
after
I
was crying
when
I
that
I
"I just
"I'm just thankful that Julie
know why
Roy says.
my
this area all
she's living for free at the
afford to take care of herself it
not even from Pennsylvania. I just
wanted
lied to her
told her she wouldn't
it
to cost her
This
is
decision to
care of the child."
this to put in a nine-year-
me
between $3,000 and $4,000.
lawyer is paid."
I
I
his
support from
Angie. "I would have never
formy
What kind of stuff is
was
it
what prompted
file for
for support if
mother. But she was telling Julie things like 'I'm going to die
if you leave me' or 'If you don't stay, I'll die and you'll never
what
costing me."
would be very hard to take
didn't want to be here anymore, she wanted to be with her
again.'
have lived in
to
Women's Center; she's collecting money from Florida, and she's
when she returned in January. "She was totally different," Roy says. "Now she
me
"I
his.
wanted
here, because if Angie can't
have to go back."
This carried over to
see
is
life,
won
custody and the judge let
Angie take her back, Julie
it
for Julie.
over the effect it had on his
daughter because she didn't
Julie said she didn't
moment
pray Julie never took
Despite losing custody, Angie did not intend to give up her fight
to
in
And
filed
didn't have to pay
attorney," he says. "It cost
only want the support
until
my
Angle's attempts to win her daughter back have included a
number of
petitions
and motions. She
filed
both an appeal and a
old's head?"
motion for a modification, just hoping for a quick hearing so she
Angie believes Roy is turning the tables on her here.
"He's taking something he said to me and saying I said it," she
says. "He told me he would die if I left him. I can't say I never
could return to Florida and resume her
life.
But Rosini has handled Angie at every turn. First, he successfully argued that she could not both appeal and modify a decision.
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SPECTRUM
Then came
during the
which Roy won despite the fact that
Roy claimed he was more financially
she had to pay rent and electricity, but she's trying to save
the support hearing
first
custody
trial,
money to come sec mc."
"And that's understandable, " Roy
secure than she.
When the modification hearing was held last May, Angie
thankful that Julie
was disappointed. The two-day hearing only netted her an
two weeks of visitation in the summer.
She returned to Florida alone and Roy was unsympathetic.
take care of herself,
when
life
But Angie, who
things first started," he says, "just get your
straightened out and then they can both
come
they want
if
when
Julie
is
live with
would be very hard
is
to.
old enough she will too.
going to
summerof 1991.
come unless
Denise did and Denise
wouldn't come unless her friend came," she says. "I was
over the
having a difficult enough time making ends meet and bringing
down, let alone three kids. They would have all needed
day care when I was at work, meals, and partial air fare back.
Julie
had
to
squeeze just
to get Julie here,
I
couldn't afford
all
life and can take care of
have a beautiful apartment only four miles from the
ocean," she says. "I work in a beautiful office. But even if I
had the same rundown trailer in Pennsylvania, Julie would
still have a better life with
me. Finances aren't every-
over.
It's
thing."
never
And Roy seems
happy with
be over."
"I like
it's
paints a different picture. "It
he says. "She has a
new
was finances
job, but expenses are a
I
guess,"
little
heavier
my
my
I'll
Still, after all
of this, I'm a
for the
gun-shy.
whole custody arrangement, Roy
I
don't
It's just too
isn't ruling
"When my daughter [Julie]
wants to move in with her
it.
It's
never going
to
be
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mother," he says. "No, this isn't over.
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trying to raise
ever get involved in a relationship again.
out change, but instead expects
is
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life,"
thrill
of a problem. I'd rather go fishing."
As
"She couldn't get the money," Julie says when Roy asks
her why she didn't visit her mom this summer. "She had to eat.
APPROVED REPAIR
be
life. If
band.
think
than expected."
F.A.A.
my
no
to
his situation too.
two daughters, but basically I
you ask Denise, though, she'll say 'Dad, you
have no life.' In a way she's right, I have no girlfriends, even
though I may meet an occasional woman when I'm playing in
like
much
three."
Roy
to take care of the
currently working as a licensed iance
"Julie couldn't
I
says, "But I'm just
Angie can't afford to
Julie. "I
"No,
ters
it
if
agent, believes she has a desirable
Denise has always had her choice and
I said "Why don't you
just leave them here until you
get your life in order.' But
no, she didn't want to do that."
this isn't
And then, Angie was not
even able to see her daughyou
here, because
child."
extra
"I told her
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WINTER
1991-1992
unimportant parts.™
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Bloomsburg, PA 17815
17
CAUGHT
THE
IN
CROSSFIRE
Often used as pawns
in
custody battles, the
children sujfer most
Every
The concept of
the
game is basic, but a moderator is still essential because some battles are too close to
And in custody cases, real-life tugs-ofit's the children who suffer most from
call.
war,
a bad
According to attorney Susan Hill,
Bloomsburg, the primary standard in custody cases
is
to
for the child.
made is in
Evaluation Services, Glenside, an organization that
in
makes custody recommendations
unusual cases, believes custody disputes
that
make
it
to court
almost always become
tugs-of-war. "It happens
more than 99
very important.
Julie,
who was nine years old and living
with her father in Shamokin in February
199 1 wrote a
Lewis also says custody cases are usumost difficult kind to judge. "Law-
,
ents,
themselves. People in a bitter
divorce are hurting
Attorney John R. Gordner,
—
love
her.
it's
normal.
let
me
my mom
that
maybe
change
dis-
his
re-
judges weigh the scales. But with custody
stay with her father,
cases, it's a preponderance of evidence rather
Denise.
into tugs-of-war," he says.
than clear and convincing evidence," he
extra visitation time in the
Joan Mosier, administrator for Columbia County Children and Youth, says, "All
says.
parents advocate themselves. People in a
sometimes taken into account by the judge,
but it depends on the child's age and matu-
solve.
bitter
divorce are hurting
them
to set priorities."
—
it's difficult for
a modification
He
did,
wrote
it
so
would
trial,
Julie's request,
Ranck ordered she
"Those are the times where you get
however, are much more difficult to
I
mind," she says.
But despite
hands of a judge,
"I
the judge
in
in the
my
very happy.
"
yers put marbles on the scales of justice, and
end up
Now if you
stay with
and can't leave
what she wanted.
putes are settled out of court.
that
my
don't
effort to convince the court of
'
custody cases for about five
Those
I
This letter was part of Julie's
difficult
for them to get priorities."
who has handled child
most custody
is
could just
mom. I would be
making the "best interests"
years, says
every night and
think that
"All parents advocate
But some sug-
of the child secondary.
Judge Samuel Ranck
Julie wrote, "I cry for
mom
a battle between the par-
Berwick,
letter to
asking to live with her mother. Angle.
ally the
gest these cases too often be-
come
"Over 12, it's
10 and 12 it
And between
depends on the maturity."
decision
the child's best inter-
ests," she says.
child wants to go," he says.
do what's best
"Any
10, the court usually
doesn't take into consideration where the
per-
cent of the time," he says.
call.
"Under the age of
Ken Lewis, founder of Child Custody
game, even a simple tug-of-war,
requires a referee.
Roy, and oldest
sister,
however, grant her mother
summer.
Julie says she felt confused throughout
The
child's wishes,
Gordner says, are
rity.
the custody battle, and the hardest thing
that she couldn't
be with her mother.
was
"It's
when you want to stay with someone
and no one will let you," she says.
like
by Jennifer Stefanick
18
SPECTRUM
Angie believes Julie has been given no
"No adults will
rights in the situation.
to her.
My daughter's rights are
listen
not impor-
tant," she says.
"When you start fighting
for me again, make sure you get me my own
her a letter stating,
lawyer." Julie wants this because nobody
is
considering her wishes, Angie says.
"Julie said to
I
abuse occurred.
Denise says her biggest problem with
the way the court handles custody cases is
"One parent doesn't know what's going on.
me, 'No one's listening
want, and
it's
wants someone to
about me.'
listen
She
to
just
because obviously
the judge didn't,"says Angie.
not always spiie,"the lawyer says.
way men are treated. "I think that women
A lot oftimes there's a perfectly good explanation for what happened, but the relation-
professorof sociology and social welfare
for
at
Bloomsburg University, judges are sometimes more leniant toward women.
"Sometimes judges are automatically
biased in favor of
Angie also believes the children suffer the
"It's
sometimes get away with a little bit more
than men do," she says. "Sometimes that's
good, and sometimes that's bad."
According to Sue Jackson, associate
the
According to Angie, Julie recently wrote
what
they should be on top of the.sc things."
women
rather than being
Jackson believes judges
have no training
says, "the children are."
in
is
so hostile that they can't talk about
it."
According
Jane Kearney, director
lo
Northumberland County Children and
Youth, when child abuse allegations are
brought into a custody case, the court will
sometimes ask Children and Youth
who
says.
issues
"Our responsibility is
to serve families with
neglect or abuse.
worst part about the
way
is
deal with custody
cases. It's not our task," Kearney
Denise says the
whole ordeal
But sometimes,
we do get placed
the
her parents
in that role."
act towards each
These fam-
"They were
putting us on the
other.
spot
all
are designed to
remove
didn't
tug-of-war, ac-
cording
she says.
agrees that
was watching
he and Angie argue.
"They were always caught
in the middle," he says.
Denise also says it was
difficult to keep up with her
schoolwork during the custody
battle. "I missed a lot of time
the child.
go
to
the child has a right to a
relationship with both parents," she says.
Mosier also stresses the importance of the child's welfare.
[in
"We need to realize the child has
two parents. Custody cases can be trau-
Mary, a twenty-year old who went
thirteen, says the court
We
great extremes because
school] going to court," she says.
through a custody dispute
to
Kearney.
"We need to do
a family evaluation
to do what's best for
the worst part for his
children
the
child from the
know what to say,"
Roy
evaluations
ily
the time
we
and
for a
family evaluation.
"We don't normally
objective," she says.
most in cases like these. "Roy and
I are not the ones hurt," she
ship
when she was
never asked her what
matic to children
— they're already
suf-
she wanted.
fering because they're without one par-
remember my mom telling my
me that we'd have to spend
every other weekend with our father because the court said so. They never asked us
ent," she says.
"I just
The recent trend of
brother and
if
we wanted
to or not," she says.
The court's decision, Mary says, evencaused some hurt feelings for her.
"Because my dad was involved with drugs,
^^
like these should
help with the case.
"One would hope,
helped," she says.
he'd often forget our weekend," she says.
often
"We'd end up waiting and
leged child abuse. In
It
was
more painful than if we would' ve just played
it by ear."
Mary
way
says she
is
not pleased with the
the court handled her case.
According
ally
"It's a
possession.
my dad hadn't been paying child
support," she says. "That's ridiculous
WINTER
1991-1992
—
and Kearney says casework-
that year,
actu-
ers have to
for parents to
make
referrals equally.
very popular maneuver
lately.
an advantage to the parent with
It
some impact on
Children and Youth organizations.
According to the Pennsylvania 1990
Child Abuse Report, there were 24,357
reports of suspected child abuse during
also called, has had
is al-
ing a custody battle.
number two,
figure out
there
he says
builds time," he says.
But Susan Hill says parents who make
these accusations often honestly believe
"false allega-
tions," or "spite referrals" as they are
it's
fact,
"false allegations" against their spouses dur-
"Number
took them two years to
a
Lewis, custody cases are
becoming common
It's
later
to
more complicated when
one, they never asked me what I wanted, and
it
if
judge does not have expertise, there will be
consultants available so that he or she is
tually
waiting.
have experts to
make
sure they treat
all
Kearney says, "It got to the point
where people immediately had suspicions in custody cases because of spite
referrals. It's a big issue.
make
We
have
sure the staff isn't assuming
not valid."
to
it's
These family evaluations carry
a
19
The
great deal of weight in court, Gordner
child,
portant, regardless of the age of the
matic.
"When
child."
Co
Spring 1992
•to*
Mazowsze
Thurs., January 23
Another problem that may put the
child's best interests on the back burner,
Jackson says, is
when parents
fight
for cus-
tody
for
they
want
to
may
sure the other
Quartet
person doesn't
Sun., February 2
get him or her,"
she says. "Or,
they intellectualize
Pittsburgh
Opera Theatre
'^Carmen"
Sun.,
March 22
"Pippin"
Sat.,
^
o
is
that
I
it
push and pull of
can really have
ramifications on the child's self-es-
teem," she says.
is extremely
"It
my mom
every night. Now if
you could just let me
stay with my mom,
make
Cleveland
there
affection and loyalty,
"I cry for
the
wrong reasons.
"They may
want revenge,
or
C<5
effects of a custody case on the
Jackson says, are potentially trau-
says, pointing out, "They're very im-
would be very happy."
important to
have a sense of
stability.
[Cus-
tody disputes]
devastate that
equilibrium that
all
human
ings
have."
be-
should
The uncertainty
of
the
situation also
has an effect on
and feel
they should be taking care of the child
the child, Jackson says. "It's a disturb-
when, emotionally, they don't have the
ing phenomena not to have knowledge
about what's going to happen," she says.
Jackson also says the child is often
confused over which parent he or she
can love. "They're not sure if it's okay
skills to effectively parent."
Jackson also says there are cases in
which a parent is suing for financial
reasons, "I've known of cases where the
only reason a parent, for example, wants
custody is because of the child sup-
mommy if daddy says she's terThe child needs to feel safe about
to love
rible.
that emotional bonding," she says.
port," she says.
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MONTOUR
FAMILY PLANNING
SPECTRUM
Because of the issues involved,
Mosier believes custody battles tend
last a
to
long time, leaving the child with
an uncertain future.
"The process appears to be very
lengthy to me," she says. "It's not unlikely for it to take a year. This gives
instability
—
need
to
kids
know what
will
happen,"
she
cess.
"No
to her.
how-
My daughter's
months
rights are not
Columbia County
is
the delay
important."
pone the
two judges, we don't have
Large Pie
Includes
A
Liter of
not
pepsjI
"Since Judge Keller was made president judge in March of 1991, he has
been more involved in scheduling cases.
examinations were complete."
began in
a lot easier to get a full trial
October of 1987 when her mother was
awarded custody through a Protection
from Abuse Order.
Since then, Julie has been through
two custody hearings, a modification
trial, and has been forced to wait out
five continuances.
&
Hot
Her "tug-of-war" has
Cold Subs'Stromboli
Calzone'Salads
trial
In Julie's case, the battle
able.
it's
until the
to," she says.
Gordner agrees that the process in
Columbia County has become quicker
since another judge has been made avail-
Now,
Pari'Sicilian
com-
wasn't ready,"
he says, "But,
we had to post-
it
we used
to
"It's
"Now
that there are
Traditional'Pita
that the court
not as big a
once was.
PIZZA
as
look almost six
factor in
problem as
387-0511
plete.
time
the
of Bloomsburg
evaluations
ever, believes
that
He cites
NAPOLI PIZZA
an example a
case in which
adults will listen
said.
Hill,
and a judge in a custody case. It was six
months to a year [for the process] but
now it can be as little as two to six
months," he says.
Gordner believes that psychological evaluations and family studies contribute to the length of the custody pro-
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WINTER
1991-1992
Friday
—
Julie's parents, it's not over yet.
who
chaired a Columbia
County committee in 1989 that explored
the use of mediation in custody cases,
believes the biggest problem with these
battles is the effect it has on the family
Hill,
of the courts, but emphasizes the parents' responsibilities. "If the parents can
agree," she says, "they will be light
years ahead."
Jackson agrees. "Ideally, what the parents should do
is
put the needs of their child
They should
members involved.
"Once the litigation occurs," she
set up guidelines, so that
none of their dissatisfaction with each other
says, "words are said that can't be taken
back. There's such a strain on the family. Nobody understands unless they've
spills
been through it," she says.
According to Hill, the committee
found that mediation with a professional
instead of going to court is a good
solution to the problems surround-
should work things out before tak-
ing custody cases. But, she says,
financial reasons
sible for
over into the child's direct experi-
ence," she says.
Roy
also believes the parents
ing the issue to court. "The logic
of the situation should
ter,"
she says.
Regardless of the solution, Kearney
stressed the importance of
keeping the child out of the
tug-of-war. "We have to
do what's best for the
child," she says, "because
it's not the child who's
^
be worked out between the parents," he says
getting divorced."
Despite her family's
lengthy battle, however,
"That way we
could avoid
make that impos-
Columbia County
first.
Since it is unlikely the parents will
always be agreeable. Hill believes in
mediation. "It is something worth looking into. Due to the nature of custody
hearings, if people can resolve it before
going to court, it would be much bet-
at the
this
present time.
Julie wants her
we came
until
is
other hand, would
like the battle to
to a
come
keeping the
she says.
Denise, on the
to an end. "I'd
be able to put
behind me," she
says, "and get on
like to
Mosier also betion
can live with
I
my mom,"
dead end."
lieves the best solu-
to
tody. "I'd like it to go on
unnec-
"Things such as psychological
studies would make it even more
expensive," she says. "Because
of financial problems and a
lack of funds
mother
continue to fight for cus-
^
it
£.1'
with
entire struggle out*'^-^-'
my
S
life."
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Hi
n
"'^HERE'LOVE
AND LAW
collide:
photo by Karen Kern
IR^tMpMMipilMlpllPI
Northumberland County Judge
Barry
Feudale says he hates custody hearings. In fact, the judge,
who
used
to
be
"m^^wmfiHU
nM
Judge Jay Myers, who spent 19 years on the
bench before retiring in 1991, says custody
cases were just another part of his job.
who
"There are specific laws that address
worked as a lawyer for a family welfare
agency, says he is more fearful of domestic
child custody matters and the court uses
relations than cases involving hard-nosed
ation all of the other aspects that are in-
criminals.
volved with the family
involved with family counseling and
Feudale, 45, has seen a big increase in
the
number of custody
hearings, as well as
divorce and support cases.
him
is
the reason
why he
What
disturbs
feels there is
an
increase.
"It's
who
will get that last victory," he
them
Then we take
into consider-
in the particular
and from there a decision
is
case
made," Myers,
70, says.
According to Feudale, Northumberland
County Court had 440 cases involving custody, divorce or support in 1980. That number jumped to 1,192 cases in 1990.
Attorney John McLaughlin, the master
says.
Montour and Columbia
where two judges handle judicial
In neighboring
counties,
as a base.
responsibilities for about 78,000 people,
hearings officer for Montour and Columbia
counties, has heard
past
1 1
230 custody cases
months. The numbers are
hv Pat Troskv
in the
less defined
was no master in support cases and a
custody master was scheduled by appointment
In Montour and Columbia counties,
McLaughlin, 40, gets the first shot at settling custody as well as support and divorce
cannot afford the
on an ad hoc
cases.
form
in these counties because prior to July
1
,
1
990,
there
basis.
Also court appointed, McLaughlin finds
Feudale says by the time a custody,
divorce or support case reaches him, the
issue
that
and
is
more than
just the dollar
his job very fulfilling
the law that
more than just
the issue of who gets
is
followed
in
custody cases, yet
depending on the ages of the children,
I
that, if
In at least half of the cases, a lawyer
represents one or both of the parties in a
custody case, Klein says, pointing out an
economics any-
comes down
to
"It isn't
anymore.
ing his decision in a custody
case. But,
It
economics
cially recorded or
comes down to
The hearings
making the decision promore difficult.
usually like to talk with them. I'm sensitive
In the initial stages of a custody petition,
to
If possible,
no matter how simple or complex the case may
Northumberland County's custody hear-
ing officer, Harry Klein,
try to find
is
the
person to
fu-st
an amicable arrangement.
Klein, whose position is court-appointed,
coaching and
he also serves as a
support and divorce hearing officer.
in the end,
taken into consideration
and
a lot of things are
when determining
Klein says he
leans toward giving primary physical cus-
tody minors to the mother. This, of course,
is
the rule only if she is capable and qualified
custodial arrangements," says McLaughlin.
to care for the child.
Both McLaughlin and Klein follow the
same procedure in the early stages of a
themselves biased. Both have ruled in favor
hearing.
of the father in
"First, a
has been the county's custody hearing officer
for three years. In addition,
all civil
criminal proceedings.
tions,
be,
county that has only two
in a
judges to handle
al-
ready been through other op-
cess
"on record."
are not only cost-
effective, but also time-savers
who has more power"
by the time a case gets
chambers, the child has
95 percent of the time.
Neither
Klein
nor
McLaughlin's hearings are offilevel
who has
more power," Feudale says.
Feudale considers the
child's best interest when mak-
into
filing fee, there is another
approved, waives the
agreement can be reached at this
"It isn't
It
for cus-
a person
ties.
the kids.
more.
if
fee. The
same is true in Montour and Columbia coun-
"There is a standard procedure based on
and cents
can be liquidated from a relationship
it's
though taxing at times.
The county has standard forms
tody filings, Klein says, and
month
complaint is
after the filing,
I
Klein and McLaughlin don't consider
some
cases.
then about a
Klein says that usually happens only
hold a hearing,"
when a child is older or when there are other
filed,
mitigating circumstances.
Klein says.
In
ther
most instances, though,
who
it is
the fa-
has the job with the larger pay-
Husky Ambassadors
check and the mother who can stay home
"Share the vision that
secondary custody in some instances. Klein
with the child until he or she is of school age.
Grandparents are also given primary or
commitment
University can
should
said this is
to the
last
sometimes suggested by the
parents themselves.
and
a
"Every case is different and what I like
do is to make sure when we set up an
agreement that each party knows what to
to
lifetime!"
expect," Klein says.
ages as
much
He specifically encour-
contact as possible with the
secondary parent, even
if it's
only an occa-
sional telephone call.
"1 think a
key
to all
of this is keeping the
best interests of the child or children in
mind," McLaughlin says.
Klein and McLaughlin say major decisions
on the
child's schooling, religion and
health care should be shared by both parents, as well as parent-teacher conferences
The Husky Ambassadors represent a
select group of
the student body at Bloomsburg University.
They
and programs
that bring the alumni, the student body, faculty and
community together.
participate
in
special activities
and social and civic functions where the
child might be involved.
When
there
is
more than one
child in a
custody case, the masters, as well as judges,
feel the siblings
should be kept together.
"It's like fixing
something
that isn't
broken. If the children are happy together,
For more information
call
389-4058
why
separate them? Everything has to be
taken into consideration and
26
all
aspects must
SPECTRUM
—
be weighted, but when everything else
he, too, sees
is
equal, children should be kept together,"
Judge Myers says.
If there is
modifications to previ-
McLaughlin notes
much emotion or the feelings
cast in stone."
McLaughin
look beyond them-
ofparents are volatile, Klein and
usually ask parents to
selves and to the future of their children and
their needs.
an alleged or proven abuse,
If there is
many
He
Those custody cases
mon
ously approved orders.
that
"nothing
is
ever
likes to let individuals
and
there
witness
when
also
is
there
is
What
A
eventually decided must be
contempt of court.
It is not unlike Feudale to give either
parent what he likes to call a "whiff of the
some parents move apart, visitation becomes
possible"
may be held
in
if
fixing something
they violate his court order
in a
visits.
children are
arises frequently and sends
couples back to Klein for further review of custody ar-
why
few hours,
a
in
prison. This
done, Feudale
is
the county
know
how serious the court is on maintaining
happy together,
separate
is
days or weeks
says, to let both parties
that isn't broke. If the
a long separation
directives involving
its
the welfare of the children in-
volved.
them?"
Klein and Feudale believe
there has been an "explosion" in
rangements is the relocation
of one or both parents. In some cases,
move
is
followed or one or both parties
The "whiff
Another problem that
parents
Com-
know, especially those who fail to get primary custody, that there is always hope as
time goes on that an order can change.
"Our society is a mobile one and as
'It's like
recommended
between the time of
to
custody matter.
be an unrelated adult (usuneighbor or member of the
clergy) present for visitations.
go
information will become a matter of
all
record.
Klein says he will stipulate that
ally a
that
Pleas Court will be officially recorded
difficult,"
just to put distance be-
there
is
Klein says. "With this mobility,
always
that possibility of a
change
family law, not just in
Northumberland County, but nationwide.
Klein believes one of the reasons is the
tween each other and prevent visitation,
or modification in custody."
passage of the "no fault" divorce laws more
he says.
For as successful as Klein's and
McLaughlin's methods have been, divorce
and support matters at a lower level of the
than 10 years ago.
"The courts don't look too lightly on
parents who do that," Klein says.
About one-third of his cases are existing orders that need to be modified. With no
specific numbers on hand, McLaughlin says
court system
—about
As Feudale sums
There
5 percent of the time
cannot be resolved and the couple end up
before Feudale, Myers, or another judge.
it
these custody cases has
is
is
"The amount of
a lot of adversarial feelings and
bitterness involved,
there
up,
become out of sight.
and when
that
a decrease in stability."
happens
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27
BALANCING
THE SCALES
OF JUSTICE
While weighing the children's
welfare, lawyers fight for
their clients' interests
Angle never figured what she didn't
hurt
it
know about the legal system could
so much. By the time she realized,
cost her custody of her youngest
daughter.
She found herself in need of an attorney on July 24, 1990, when Roy, the
father of her two daughters, filed for
custody of the youngest,
Julie. Angle still believes her
decision to retain Bloomsburg
attorney
is
the
Thomas
E. Leipold
"When
Leipold, however, disagrees. "I did
filed for cus-
as well as
Angle had a feeling the proceedings
weren't going her way shortly after the
hearing began on Nov. 2, 1990. Because
she believed her arguments were never
adequately presented. Angle was dismayed—but not surprised when Judge
—
you're brand
new
the judicial system,
you don't
to expect," says
first
Mackie
in
Northumberland County
Court.
was real
frustrating trying to find
someone," she adds. "I never had to
have a lawyer before."
Leipold originally was referred to
Angle through the Bloomsburg Women's
Center in October 1987. Leipold repre-
do on
"It is
my belief that Attorney Leipold
my daughter away due to his
negligence. I am sincerely
afraid for my daughter," she
has given
said at the time.
Angle feared
you don't
know what to expect."
for Julie be-
cause her oldest daughter,
Denise, allegedly had been
sexually molested once by
one of Roy's friends. Angle
adds that Leipold would not
introduce that allegation dur-
ing the custody hearing, de-
was awarded
custody of Julie on Oct. 9,
1987, through a Protection from Abuse
Order, with the advisement of Peter
I
natives.
realm of lawyers and
the judicial system
could on that case, as
losing her daughter, searching for alter-
"When you're brand new
in the
I
of them," Leipold says.
Angle wrestled with the thought of
all
realm of lawyers and
know what
Angle, who
"It
when Roy
tody of Julie in 1990.
main reason she now
only has visitation rights to
see her 10-year-old daughter.
in the
sented Angle
spite her repeated requests.
Angie was also upset
William W. Lipsitt of Harrisburg
awarded
legal custody of Julie to
Roy,
who was represented by former
Northumberland County Court Judge
James Rosini.
"During the hearing he told me to
write him notes about what I wanted,"
Angle recalls about the arrangement with
Leipold. "He did not do one thing I asked
him to do. 1 should have never lost."
her attorney failed to attack Roy's
that
al-
leged instability that she says caused
him to go through five jobs in six years
and run several businesses bankrupt.
The feeling of helplessness on the
heels of her court loss further devastated Angie.
Angie
still
owes most of
her $3,000 of legal fees to Leipold and
is
slowly paying them off.
Although Leipold refuses to discuss
byJejfFishbein and Brian Rippey
28
SPECTRUM
the specifics of the case
and
his dealings
with Angie, he says he did his best and
disputes Angie's claim that he handled
her suit as
if it
were
his first child cus-
tody case.
Leipold,
who works
for
the
Bloomsburg law firm of James and
Mihalik,
is
a graduate of the University
of Toledo law school.
He
says he has
Although not satisfied with the deAngie doesn't blame Beroes for
failing to win full custody of Julie.
"I'm proud of her," Angie says.
"She's been at this for just five years.
My lawyer was up against the big boys."
Although Beroes has had limited
contact with Angie since the May 21
cision,
decision, she says she
is still
had been sexually assaulted, and
know Julie was locked in a
ter)
she didn't
cellar."
The
curred
was
cellar incident allegedly oc-
summer of 1990 when
in the
visiting
Julie
When Angie
her father.
came
to pick up her youngest daughter,
she was unable to find her and later was
handling
told Julie
Angie
the
was locked in the basement of
of Roy's stepbrother's wife.
handled between 50 and 100 child custody disputes. In addition, Leipold says
he has served as a special master for the
the case. Beroes says she asked
courts in custody cases.
returned the only message she received
Beroes also accused Roy of doing
Although Leipold claims he is fairly
knowledgeable about child custody and
other types of family law, he no longer
accepts custody cases. He is shifting his
area of concentration to commercial,
insurance, real estate, and civil litiga-
from Angie, but got no answer when she
other underhanded things during the cus-
called.
tody dispute. One that particularly appalled her was his telephoning her father-in-law and requesting him to ask
to
write from time to time but has not
received a
Beroes also says she
letter.
From the time she took over the
case in December 1990, Beroes did all
she could to sway Judge Ranck's opin-
Roy denied
Beroes
ion in favor of her client. But she says
Roy a hard lime.
some nasty cases since
to quit giving
"I've handled
I've been in practice," Beroes says.
"It's
"And that has never happened.
Never."
Despite knowing that she did
all she could, Beroes says she was
disappointed with Ranck's ruling
to grant custody to Roy. She not only
felt sorry for her client, but Beroes sympathized with Julie, whom she felt was
a victim of the system.
"There were a lot of outside influences in this case," Beroes says. "It just
some of the
more stressful work that
I've done,"
Leipold says
about child
custody
"You
tend to develop a fair
emotional investment in your
clients and in your cases. It's pretty
hard to do your job well if you don't.
When you have a situation like custody,
it's more a personal case than representing a business corporation over some
commercial contract. You tend to empathize more with your client."
Last January, Angie's case was accepted without fee by Mount Carmel
attorney Elizabeth Beroes, whose motion to modify custody was granted by
Northumberland County Judge Samuel
Ranck on Feb. 7, 199L
Beroes, who earned the Pennsylvania award for free legal work in 1990
and 1991, says she accepted Angie's
case on a pro bono basis because of
some of the unusual circumstances involved.
"Regular custody cases are usually
one hearing and that's it," Beroes says.
"But this wasn't a regular custody case.
There was a lot of fighting back and
forth."
After numerous delays. Judge
Ranck, on May 21, modified the custody agreement to allow Angie to have
Julie for six weeks in the summer, an
additional two weeks from the previous
agreement.
WINTER
that he locked his daughter
in a cellar.
tion.
battles.
home
1991-1992
seemed
that there
were
a lot of factors
that played such a significant role ver-
sus what was best for the children."
^^/»?~«»"--
argues that
was
what was best for the children. He suspects Angie may have lost because she
was asking forcustody of Julie only, not
the judge's decision
both daughters.
she became frustrated when Rosini, who
had served with Ranck as a North-
umberland County judge, was granted
three consecutive continuances.
"Rosini got
at least
for every hearing
I
one continuance
set up. That's abnor-
mal for any judge," says Beroes, who
received her law degree from Ohio State
University. "Usually, they'll give one."
Beroes also was upset with the findings of Judy Wiley, a court-appointed
who recommended Julie
would be better off living with her sister
and father. Beroes claims Wiley made
her recommendation without knowing
pyschologist
all
the facts.
"Judy Wiley didn't know two important facts," Beroes contends. "She
didn't
know Denise
[the oldest
daugh-
Keeping siblings together
is
"a fac-
considered by judges,"
Rosini says. "I think that was a very
important factor. One of the things in
tor that
'is
still
this particular
all
the
case that
way through
is
I
have argued
she has never
even asked for Denise."
But Harold Woelfel, a former
Selinsgrove attorney who was appointed
to fill a vacant seat on the Union-Snyder
County bench, disagrees. He says most
judges no longer are swayed by an unusual division of siblings in custody
cases.
"We don't have the nuclear family
anymore," Woelfel says. "We don't have
Dad going off in the DeSoto and Mom
staying
home wailing
for the bread
and
the milk and the dry cleaning to be de-
29
livered. That's not the
way our
society
works.
"There may be a very good reason
[to separate siblings], and I don't have a
particular problem with that," he says.
Woelfel has more than just a professional background in domestic disputes.
Divorced with a stepdaughter, Woelfel
the best parent for the child? Rosini
admits some members of his profession
will take on a case simply for the in-
time he has available.
come, regardless of
to win the case.
general practice attorneys
their clients' ability
most law-
would
The custody order
tell his clii
you
sweat
bullets, get angry, come back
in chambers and vent afterward," Woelfel says. "Dealto
ing with these issues
is
'He did not do one thing
I
became
When
asked him to do.
I
should
have never lost,"
part
the court, a
judge, after a few hours of testimony, is
expected to render a decision that will
serve the best interests of a child for the
If the case goes to trial, the fee
an additional $1,000 for each day in
court. Since Angle's case was in court
Beroes.
is
child custody case
lawyer representing a party in a
must deal with the
two days, Beroes said her bill would
have been more than $2,000, if she had
not been working for free.
Rosini says that when he takes on a
domestic matter, he researches and in-
same
difficult questions. Is his client
vestigates the case
rest of his life. In
most
situations, the
judge must play King Solomon and
le-
gally split the family.
A
Academic programs
for
in nearly
100 areas of study
17 graduate programs including
the
MBA,
judge issues
nursing,
cation studies,
is
tem is considered successful.
But in other cases, the involved parties drag out the
issue for extended periods of
While the custody battle
between Angie and Roy took
on some familiar patterns, one
thing was noticeably different, Rosini points out.
a judge."
a custody matter
comes before
a
init."
time.
I
of what I've chosen to do
when
are very
In these cases, the court sys-
ents not to.
"[It causes]
who
at
often strictly followed by both parties.
admits he acted as irrationally
during his divorce proceedings as he
and do as good a job as
family law because they're
terested in it and they keep up with
yers charge about $350 for handling a
regular child custody case, according to
try
can," Rosini says. "I think there are
good
In central Pennsylvania,
have to
"I
I
communi-
— within the limited
Al-
though legal precedent was
changed to end a presumption that children should be kept with
their mother, Rosini says older judges
still often subconsciously favor the
mother.
Another problem in this battle arose
because Angie received free legal services from Beroes while Rosini says his
client had to dig deep into his wallet
every time Angie took him to court.
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SPECTRUM
.
"When
a person is getting a free
child's interaction with both parents,
alleging that children can be coached to
overreacting.
custody Angie sought would be
better for Julie.
tage because they can paper you to
Rosini argues that a psychologist or
counselor must observe more of the
"They can file motion after motion that you are required
to defend and you are put at a financial
disadvantage as to what you can do."
death." Rosini says.
Woelfel agrees that is a
problem, but not an insurmountable one. He says if a
parent continues to file petitions for a custody modification without proving justification, those petitions won't
get full consideration.
literally is
ties
"My children
say almost anything.
yell
"You tend to develop a fair
emotional investment in
your
and
clients
to pre-
It's
vent frivolous motions and
too.
I
sympa-
woman whose
away
from her, and she is grabbing
at every straw she can. But I
don't think some of the things
she's doing are helping. I
your cases.
in
think she's grabbing at too
do your
pretty hard to
many
other abuses of the process.
job well
a
to
and kick,
thize with a
child has been taken
He also
Another roadblock
have never been taken
away from me," Rosini says.
"I mightclaw and scream and
points out that the legal sys-
tem has mechanisms
—
my witness
and both parhave the right to cross-examine."
Rosini says he understands why
Angie has continued to keep the matter
in the courts. But he also accuses her of
split
attorney, you're at a financial disadvan-
if
straws."
Woelfel stresses coopera-
you
don't."
tion as a big part of settling
quick decision of Angie and
custody matters without a
Roy's battle was the intro-
lengthy court battle.
duction of an outside psychologist on Angle's behalf. Rosini says
the Florida psychologist basically re-
forms parents involved
peated everything Angie had said in
court. He complained that her expert
testimony was based on short interviews
with only Angie and Julie. With this
information, the expert determined the
"If
her
dad or
own
mom
wants
psychologist,
I
to hire his or
can't stand in
the way," Woelfel says. "If people can
agree on one, that's frankly
ence.
my
prefer-
The benefit of one evaluator is
becomes the court's
that person then
witness. That person
neutral
is
—
he
He
in-
in
such cases that their cooperation with
respect to the child's best interests will
to them in court decisions.
"The issue in any custody fight is
what is in the best interest and welfare
be helpful
of the child," Woelfel says. "That
what
it's all
about."
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^
A BATTLE
OF
EXPERTS
Most
believe court-appointed
therapists have all the answers
but
Parents teach their children that compromise
is
shows
to teach chil-
dren the concept of cooperation.
that
county psychologist was on vacation. Wiley
chological evaluations.
witness
"This case has become a battle of ex-
But what happens when adults find
remarked
Judge Walter
is
not a licenced psychologist; she works as
a family therapist.
"It's
a
is
common
going
belief that an expert
provide the court with
to
the correct answers," says
James Dalton,
Ph.D., a clinical psychologist. "It doesn't
themselves unable to reach a compromise?
perts,"
Parents can mediate disagreements between
Lipsett, referring to the importance of psy-
always work this way, though.
but when they disagree, there
chological testimony in the custody battle.
up
their children,
is
visiting
to
A court is set
be adversarial, with two sides fighting
over what they think is right."
often no one in their family
to turn to for help.
"It's
Such is the irony of child
Dalton says
not uncommon for
it's
not un-
usual for the two sides in a
custody battle to bring in psy-
custody battles.
Parents find themselves
agencies to stipulate the tasks
chologists
unable to agree on who should
care for the children.
when they
way
be significant. They
must obtain an accurate picture of the child s
home life, and one of the most common
ways for judges to see this is through psy'
ments. Television programs like "Sesame
work
doesn't always
factors they believe to
the key to solving disagree-
Street" devote entire
it
And
to
find themselves at
such an impasse, parents must
look to courts for answers.
Angle and Roy were in a
similar situation after their
who
contradict
each other. "Parents aren't
going to let a psychologist, or
be completed during an
anyone else who might harm
chances of obtaining
their
evaluation, not the length of time
custody, testify in court," he
says.
the counselor should spend."
"They are going to seek
out people
sixteen-year relationship
who support their
side."
ended in 1987. The argument
over which parent should have custody of
the couple's two daughters, Denise, 15, and
Julie, 10, has developed into a four-year
Wiley conducted a famLipsett
awarded custody of
Julie to her fa-
therin November 1990,and admittedly based
ily
evaluation, which enables counselors to
observe interaction between families
who
on the testimony of Judith
are involved in custody battles. Wiley's
legal batde.
Wiley, a family therapist and clinical direc-
evaluation, conducted over two evenings,
The judges who hear custody cases are
forced to decide which parent would pro-
tor
of Northumberland County Counseling
consisted of meeting with Angle, Roy,
vide a better
home
for the child.
However,
judges can base their decisions on whatever
his ruling largely
Services.
Denise, and Julie as a family and also indi-
Wiley was recommended by Roy's attorney, James Rosini, because the regular
vidually.
She spent four hours interviewing
the family.
by Ellen Condron
32
SPECTRUM
In her report to the court,
Wiley ob-
served, "Julie and Denise were
laxed with their father,
more
re-
more tense with their
mother." She also stated Roy was more open
with the daughters while Angle appeared
more intense. Wiley also found the girls
were "more free and open with their father,
more cautious with their mother."
According
to
Angie was not open
because she
sat with her legs and arms twisted and she
appeared aloof. But Angie says, "I am double
She concluded
and responsive
jointed and
at
work,
it is
automatic.
I
do
it
at dinner,
at cocktail lounges, at the
pool
—
anywhere and everywhere. It is a habit."
According to Jackson, unannounced visits to a family's home would provide the
most accurate
Sue Jackson, asso-
that
to her children
portrait of the family situ-
on the testimony of a therapist can vary
greatly depending on the judge," says Jackson.
"Some judges give
Jackson believes past experiences with
custody cases also play a part in deciding
new cases."Most knowledge of child cus-
comes
tody
through experience," she says.
at
Upon
Bloomsburg Uni-
Angie
Leonard, Ph.D., a
vices in Texas, there
clinical psycholo-
of
gist specializing in
time for a family
family therapy.
evaluation.
common
Angie says she
not un-
"It is
needed
for agen-
tasks to be
to find out
how
cies to stipulate the
accurate
Wiley's evaluation
com-
was. "She [Wiley]
pleted during an
evaluation, not the
wiped up
my moth-
erhood of two children in 25 minutes
length of time the
counselor should
of testing," Angie
spend," says Jack-
would have
stopped if this
was
evaluation
says. "I
son.
Some
of the
signs social workers
negative."
observe are how well
Leonard does
the family functions
not deal with issues
together and individually,
ily
Robin
from
dren and Youth Serset length
solicited a
second evaluation
department of Chil-
no
her re-
turn to Florida,
and a former
caseworker for the
is
values
respect for social workers."
ciology and social
versity
own
and opinions with which they decide cases.
Each case depends on the judge and his
ciate professorof so-
welfare
the decision a lot of
weight, and others have their
of custody. Instead,
how fam-
she prefers to work
members react to
as what she terms a
one another and how
"people-changer."
communicate
they
their feelings
She encourages her
both
clients
through words and
to
make
positive changes in
actions.
their lives.
Based on her
"I
evaluation of the
Angie
family, Wiley recommended Julie and
changes
would be
Denise live during
make the
which
best for
her," says Leonard,
the school year with
their father,
leaned on
to
who
spend
_,^^'"'
every other holiday
with their mother,
its.
ation, but ethics prohibit such vis-
"Interviews are usually conducted
in
thinks Angie
has been a victim of "situation stress." "Situations and factors in Angle's life have left
her emotionally vulnerable."
and spend a mini-
the counselor's office because
mum of one month a
have privacy there," says Jackson. In this
case, Wiley met with the family in a church
office. Finding a neutral place sometimes
Although both parents are fighting for
what each thinks is in the best interest of the
She recommended liberal visitation and
telephone contact between both parents and
helps, according to Jackson, "because nei-
cause often has negative effects on the child.
One place where these effects can be easily
daughter has access
with an upper hand."
"The amount of weight a judge places
year
with
their
mother.
their daughters "so each
and
permission to relate to both parents."
WINTER
1991-1992
ther side feels like
it's
it is
easier to
starting the process
child, the family strife a custody battle can
measured
their time
is
—
where children spend most of
in school. Because children go
33
on a daily
to school
basis, school officials
are often able to spot any changes in a child.
Ned
Sodrick, principal of
Shamokin
Elementary School, which Julie attends, says
and counselors are seeing more
instances of famiUes involved in child cus-
"Sometimes parents come to us and
want the other parent to be kept away from
the child," says Sodrick, "But we can't do
anything until
tody battles as the divorce rate continues to
"Some
kids really struggle with the
situation, others don't,"
We Groom Them All
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aware of a
if the
on Oct. 16, 1990, to the
Northumberland County Court of Com-
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fied to
said she felt
"Each case depends on
noti-
be aware
the judge
was
& Field)
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According
Angle, Julie
went
it
in Julie's
best interest
and his respect
not to miss
school. She
in the child."
to
Pleas.
Rinehart
the
is
of any changes
(lAMS)
•
he says. "But
Julie's situation
situ-
ation,
(Science Diet)
(Bench
can Island Elementary School in
Sebastian, Fla., where Julie attended
school becomes
teacher
•
see a court order."
fourth-grade, sent a letter regarding
rise.
Large or Small
we
Celeste Rinehart, principal of Peli-
that teachers
for social workers."
wrote, "Julie
is
a well ad-
justed student
to
Sodrick and asked to talk about the custody battle, and he replied, "We don't
and is performing within an average
academic range. Because many new con-
home situations at school." Howwho ap-
cepts are introduced at the fourth grade
ever, Sodrick says any child
level,
proaches him with a problem is referred
to the school psychologist.
Schools do not become involved in
custody cases unless they are notified
by the courts that one parent is being
emotionally or academically, to have her absent from school for
any non-medical reason."
Mary Lou Austin, guidance counselor at Central
Columbia Elementary
denied access to the child.
School, says
standard school policy
discuss
I
do not
feel
it
is
in her best
interest, either
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it is
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SPECTRUM
s
s
that until a legal decision is made in a
custody case, both parents have rights
to the child. "We've never had a problem with parents trying to kidnap a
child," she says.
"Sometimes the stress of the situation
home has the potential to affect the child'
try to give as much
support to the child as we can," says Austin.
at
Northumberland County
In a letter to
Court written on Feb. 13, 1991, Davies
noted "When Julie returned after Christmas
[from visiting Roy], she was not the same
Her attention span was
student.
what
academic success, so we
is
going to happen."
Later
in the letter,
Davies
certainty that
tommorow
the el-
at
"She wiped up
ementary school
level benefit most
from one-on-one
to
my
willbeliketo-
day and not
constantly
motherhood of two
attention as op-
posed
stated, "I see
her as a fragile child that needs to have the
She believes children
shorter, her
conversations often turned to the subject of
group
changing."
children in twenty-five
support.
"Although it
would be neat to
form a support
Laura
Davis, guid-
ance
minutes of testing."
coun-
selor
at
Bloomsburg
Middle
group forchildren
going through similar experiences, children
School, says adolescent children whose par-
between the ages of six and eleven are usually too 'me centered' to benefit from group
ents have gone through a divorce
support," says Austin.
While a student at Pelican Island, Julie,
and three other children her age whose parents are divorced, met once a week with
Mary
Ellen Davies, a prevention-interven-
tion counselor.
The
seem to
want to find others who have gone through
the same thing.
"Parents are so angry that they sometimes use their child as a weapon to hurt
each other, but
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for
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SEARCHING
FOR
SOLUTIONS
In an effort to speed up the
process, parents often get
trapped
The
door to the grocery store swings
open and a man runs out screaming
hysterically, "Help!
He
shot
my boss!"
Within minutes police arrive at the scene
and the justice cycle begins.
After an investigation,
it
ends with the
The victim of
the crime
is
finally at
Child Protective Service (CPS) in the county
admission of the act or acts of abuse by the
perpetrator;
Department of Public Welfare's regional
office must conduct an investigation and
is
ports are destroyed within a year after they
determine if the report is founded, indicated,
are received."
UNFOUNDED when the report
not founded or indicated.Unfounded
According
or unfounded."
Director Jane Kearney did not
comment on whether
or not the agency has
received additional reports by Angle
peace.
a maze of agencies
children and youth agency or staff in the
CYS
criminal being caught and sentenced.
in
,
nor
to official
CYS
re-
records ob-
tained from Angle, the agency first
became
involved with her case on Oct. 11, 1990,
when CYS
But as Angle discovered, it's
filed
a report describing a sexual
assault
on Denise, Roy and
not this easy to get quick results
Angle's daughter, by a friend
from agencies that deal with do-
of Roy's. The actual date of
mestic problems.
Her search for solutions began more than a year ago and has
put her in contact with numerous
agencies, including Children and
Youth Services (CYS), a division of Northumberland County
Human
''We are a society
the incident
numbed to
Roy's friend, then 45,
is
on the document as a
babysitter to Denise, and is
Big Deal'
detailed in the report as to
listed
attitude."
have "digitally penetrated
child."
CYS conducted
According
to the case
status section of the report:
interviews based on sexual abuse
accusations which arose during the custody
did she address the issue of responding within
Angle has also claimed to have contacted CYS on several other occasions alleging abuse and says CYS did not contact her
a given period to reports.
within sufficient time after filing a report.
FOUNDED when there is a judicial adjudi-
However, according to the Pennsylvania De-
cation that the child
partment of Public Welfare's 1989 Child
CATED
Abuse Report, "within 30 days of the receipt
substantial evidence of abuse based on medi-
of a report of suspected child abuse, the
cal evidence, the
battle.
recorded as
violence with a 'No
Services.
In this case,
is
July, 1989.
Also according
to the
Public Welfare, "a report
when
the
is
determined:
was abused; INDI-
CPS
CPS
Department of
determines there
is
investigation or an
"On October
11,1990, Northumberland
County Children and Youth Services received a
CPS
referral alleging sexual
of a minor child. Child
on several occasions and
perpetrator 'was rubbing
put his hand up
in
abuse
was interviewed
stated that the
my
legs and then
my shorts and put his finger
me.' Perpetrator was interviewed on Oc-
tober 22, 1990, and denied the allegations.
by Dan Trexler
36
SPECTRUM
This case meets the criteria for sexual as-
Another division of county services.
involved sexual involvement
Juvenile Court Services, does not directly
to nine
including the touching or exposing of the
involve
says Chervanik.
sexual or other intimate parts of a person for
custody matters except when a crime
the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual
mitted by the child.
desire in either the perpetrator or subject
with kids that break the law,
sault in that
it
child. Therefore, this case is
marked
indi-
cated."
Roy, who "trusted him implicity," was
it is
is
com-
arc only involved
in
terms of
somewhat
and
from police
referrals a year, primarily
departments, says Chervanik,
Although no contact
.
different than Children
be one to three years,"
to
Juvenile Court Services receives about
550
R Chcrvanik, super-
"We do take children into custody, but
months]
case was
vices,
made with
in this particular
Juvenile Court Ser-
Angle did deal with
the
Bloomsburg
Women's Center. The Women's Center pro-
Youth."
me," he says. "I' ve known
As far as any involvement with custody
guy for over twenty some years."
Kearney refuses to comment on any
other than a criminal matter, Chervanik notes
proceedings, counseling and advice, and
from Juvenile Court Services
talked to the children concerning their feel-
hurtful situation to
this
"We
custody," says Charles
visor.
shocked with the incident. "That was a really
with cases involving child
itself
care [as opposed to the general length of six
the organization deals with,
specific case
but notes that
that officials
may be asked
recommenda-
to testify, but a
vided Angle a place
to stay
ings during the entire situation.
CYS
The Women's
in Blooms-
Center
does not usually get
burg
involved with cus-
"We
tody matters.
during the court
is
a nonprofit
organization that
don't normally deal
was formed
with custody cases.
and incorporated
It'snotourtask,"she
January 1976.
says.
primary role
in
1974
in
Its
is
to
In this particu-
provide free sup-
CYS
took
port services to vic-
only 11 days to come
tims of domestic
lar case,
based
violence, sexual as-
on talks with Denise.
sault and incest.
This 11 -day period
The center was
to a decision
es-
well within the re-
tablished to serve
quired amount of
residents of Colum-
time CYS designates
bia,
is
for the investigation.
Mon-tour,
Northum-berland
Tina Yasenchak,
and lower Luzerne
child protective ser-
counties.
The philoso-
vices supervisor,
was not permitted
phy
to
of
the
about her involvement with the
Women's Center
com-
viduals are equal
talk
case, but did
is
to
live in a nonvio-
lent
family intact."
by CYS it has
been alleged that
report
lished by the center.
Julie sustained a de-
gree of mental abuse by Roy. In this report,
1991, under Section
II
(Nature
of Abuse/Neglect) the mental injuries are
explained in that "referral stated that the
child
is
afraid of alleged perpetrator because
he had locked her in a cellar with spiders."
The date of the incident is recorded as JulyAugust, 1990. Roy, responding to this allegation, says, "I was in my legal right in not
letting Angle see her. I did that under the
advice of my attorney. He told me to do
that. Legally, I had the right to have her
here." This report was labeled unfounded
by CYS.
WINTER
1991-1992
environment,
according to a
brochure pub-
In yet another
3,
indi-
one another and
have the right to
ment that the agency
will generally "work
to keep the current
dated Jan.
that all
tion as to
"would
which parent
will gain custody
have
be made case-by-
really
to
The
center, started in part by Mel-
Dyas, executive director,
issa
the first agencies of
case."
After taking a child into custody, the
agency has two options.
It
child to a detention center,
may admit the
or may request
its
is
one of
type to be founded
and has been in Bloomsburg
almost eighteen years.
Although it is not a primary func-
in the state
for
does get involved with
the court to offer foster care, as the state of
tion, the center
Pennsylvania will no longer license Juvenile
cases that deal with child custody mat-
Court Services
ters.
If
to offer foster care.
a foster care program
will usually last forsix to nine
a hearing before a
judge
month
if
to
determine
required. "1
is
initiated
it
months, with
will only get involved
is
parent or child," says Marianna Sokol,
counseling coordinator. "The center can-
foster
not provide counseling based solely on
after the sixth
any future care
would consider long term
"Our center
with a child custody case if there has
been physical or sexual abuse to the
emotional abuse because it is not covered under the Protection of Abuse Act
and is subjective."
In custody cases, the center provides victims with a knowledge of options that he or she may take, as well as
offering counseling and support groups
pose, but didn't feel comfortable doing
advocate
preserve the family," she notes, referring to Denise possibly assuming a moth-
and accompanying those affected to trials and hearings.
"We believe in enpowerment," says
Sokol. "It is the job for the
victim to do for him or her-
and supporter for Julie as well as
erly role during times of Angle's ab-
Denise," she says.
sence and Roy's illness.
contacts with both the family and their
In speaking with Denise, Magagna
has observed a bit of vulnerability, noting that Denise is a victim of what she
attorneys.
has termed accommodation syndrome.
so," says
Magagna when speaking of her
"In most cases
my
role
child counselor; however,
is
"The child accommodates things
solely as a
my
this particular case] is a child
role [in
Through her contacts with the two
Magagna
to
further expressed concern
of the mental state of the
children, particularly
Denise, as she is not diMagagna,
rectly involved in the cusresidential
children's counselor, also betody battle, thus choosing
lieves strongly about matters
to remain with her father.
concerning custody and dois
"The child [Denise] must
mestic violence. "You have
be educated," she says. "I
to take a very, very careful
am worried as to whether
alternatives
child."
look when dealing with a dohe [Roy] is treating that."
mestic violence case," she
Angie has expressed
says. "We are a society
that she will continue to
numbed to violence with a
work with the Women's
'No Big Deal' attitude becoming more children, Magagna was able to provide Center. "I will be affiliated with the
and more apparent to me."
insight to the personalities of each, notWomen's Center for the rest of my life,
In dealing with this case, Magagna
ing that Julie suffers from what she has
whether as a speaker, or simply a volunmade several contacts with Denise and termed post-traumatic stress disorder. teer," she says, knowing full well that
Julie, both parents' attorneys, and Angie
"The child is one person here and an- her search for solutions is not over and
while she resided at the center.
other there," she says, referring to Julie's
that no answers will be found by simply
"In this case I served a dual puryelling "Help!" S
relationship with both parents.
much
Diane
self as
as possible."
"A
center
treatment
one of the worst
for a
riyi A
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38
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SPECTRUM
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CHANGING
THE
CHANNEL
Except
in the
most
extreme situations, the media
avoids custody cases
is
a
love to see the soap-opera battles in
which couples struggle
to
win custody
The media has responded with an
array of courtroom programs and movies such as "Divorce Court," and Kramer
vs Kramer. Through
its
of Hilary, with Foretich getting two
ally a
weekends a month visitation.
According to Morgan, when Hilary
would return from these visits, she would
Morgan
of their children.
these, society can
newsworthy item
in them," he says. Usucustody case must involve sexual
or physical abuse to be considered newsworthy.
fascinated by what tranpublic
The
courtroom. People
spires inside
v Foretich, the landmark
display unusual behavior for a three year
case dealing with domestic disputes in
old child. She would describe and act
sexual molestation,
is
most publi-
the
cized child custody case to date.
It
has
out
her.
how
her father sexually molested
Both parents are now fighting for
sole custody of the
form
own impressions
The media in
case, as in most
"When a journalist gets involved
what custody battles
But because of
in
an issue such as
this,
he [must] cover
closed court records
and court hearings, the
media rarely, if ever,
gets to cover a "real"
custody case.
Rather than deal
tional
this
re-
ported custody battles,
are like.
directly with the
who is in hiding.
child,
of
it
fully. It's
seem
to focus on extraneous elements.
obviously wrong to cover
"Nobody who talks
to
one side and drop
journalism
emo-
it.
That's not
is all
what
us
ing,"
Morgan
porter.
about."
would know
which one of us
is ly-
told a re-
Nevertheless,
there continues to be a
flood of coverage on
trauma of the
media tend
parents, the
this case.
push aside such cases, unless there is
something spectacular about them.
"These types of stories do not deal
with the average person," says Jim
Boylan, Ph. D, professor of journalism
at the University of Massachusetts.
"The media tends to shy away from
to
run up over $2.5 million in legal fees
these types of issues unless there
and produced over 4,000 pages of court
transcripts. Eric Foretich was accused
of sexually molesting his daughter,
Hilary, who was born one week after
Foretich and Elizabeth Morgan ended
their short and rocky marriage.
Morgan was awarded sole custody
is
a
Meanwhile, Morgan, who
contempt charge, has sold the
is in jail
on a
rights to her
story to a television network for $250,000 to
make
a
movie about her
"We
life.
as journalists have an obliga-
tion to consider our motives," says
Ralph Izard, Ph. D, director of the school
of journalism at Ohio University.
by Matt Malinowski
40
SPECTRUM
"Is the
coverage for the public ben-
a particular issue or
efit? If so,
then the subject matter must
lar case.
expand
be handled with sensitivity," he says.
vidual,
Although it seems that the media
cover only custody cases involving
newsworthy elements. Spectrum's case
public can learn from
study
1
tries to
it
There arc more questions that need
answering, though. Even if Sylvester
the issue so the
This
it.
typical
is
claims this story was just used as an
"example," journalistic ethics implies
many newspapers. And Roy's
issue at
case wasn't an exception.
Shamokin News-Item and
that verification
"Our objective was not
a letter to the editor of
show
to
name,"
his
he says.
of the of reporting done on this type of
different.
is
Roy wrote
how could have misspelled
someone's particu-
Instead of focusing on the indi-
According
all
necessary.
is
Society of Profes-
to the
Code of
the
aspects of his particular case, or whether
sional Journalists
Sunbury Daily Item, saying he felt "betrayed" after he lost custody of his 9-
one side was right or wrong," says
Sylvester. "His case was used as an example to show his frustration with the
news media should not communicate
court system.
chance
the
year-old daughter.
The.
News-Item published the
and the Daily Item used
The
a story.
by
the Daily Item,
tody hearing.
story discussed
how people tend
to say
irrelevant things in
court. But, Sylvester
quoted Roy claiming
that he and his daughter
were not given adequate
opportunity to state
their opinions during
the master hearing.
The mother,
master weren't interviewed for verification
or response to the accusations.
in the
name was
his
from
letter
to reply."
Sylvester claims he did try
this indi-
age was
before the Court of
went
I
given
Common
my
the mother's
much
area, but
of myself to this
feel betrayed.
I
Pleas concerning custody of
My attorney
nine-year-old daughter. She
could have been done
asked
me
if
she could stay in our
area with her sister and
me
for the story he
that
all
could not reach the
mother because she lived
in Florida, and I don't re-
believe before
I
reasons that would be disclosed
someone can make a recom-
in court.
mendation
all
call if
the information
should be presented and taken
I
came time
for me to speak, it was cut short
and the hearing was ended.
when
requested,
Shocked
to either
into consideration.
it
What really
way many
men,
was made.
for the mental
health or for the safety of this
people,
women and
said they would.
do what
me.
Concern
me is
things turned out exactly the
no one had talked
of my daughters and I
that
made me
decision
bothers
It
feel guilty of trying to
my
daughter asked of
In the report,
it
sounded as
committed a criminal
if I
taken out of state and, according
nine-year-old about the court
to the
lose
recommendation,
some of the
rights
I
The
A
I've lived in this area
and
feel
had
shattered and
ously had.
life
I
it is
all
my
a good and safe
place to raise children.
I
daddy
my
lied.
prejudiced father
P.S.: Prejudice?
A judgment or
opinion formed before hand or
Sylvester did quote
torneys involved
owes
That's not what journalism
is
all
involved in a dispute that was under litigation," he says, " we decided to run an overall
story on
custody
about."
Sylvester claims the story didn't
have much to do with Roy himself, but
rather used Roy's situation as an example to broaden the whole picture of
child custody.
According
to Sylvester, the
Item occasionally receives letters
WINTER
vidual and his story, and rather than get
1991-1992
Daily
about
what
it's like
in court
for
all
people to see
and what people can expect
when they go to court."
However, Sylvester had
at-
other
in
custody cases, but "did not
recall" if he contacted
James Rosini, Roy's
attor-
ney.
When
it
was
over,
all
Sylvester believed this
case dabbled into areas
dangerous for the media,
and cases of this nature
must be approached with
caution.
"It
ful
Aug. 25, 1990, Shamokin, Pa. News-Item
to
in
court."
things
a journalist
just used
he [Roy] came across
without due examination.
have
We
example of what
act.
instilled in
asking for the truth was
would
previ-
I
faith
as an
almost
seemed of little or no
concern. She was allowed to be
himself and to his readers to cover
it fully," says Izard. "It is obviously
wrong to cover one side and then drop
it.
tried to track her
entire case.
it
not being allowed to finish, a
gets involved in an is-
it
I
down," says Sylvester.
"But as
said before, we
weren't trying to show this
I
At the hearing, which
in the article.
sue such as this, he
was doing.
"1
at the
time and there has been an
appeal.
for
did
comments
weren't entirely necessary
sexual or physical abuse
"When
make
Sylvester believes
Still,
Shamokin: Recently
mis-
wrong, and his visitation
rights were mixed up with
the mother's. Moreover,
there was no mention of
to
was unsuccessful.
but
Betrayed
child
says there
were inaccuracies
spelled,
received a
contact with the mother,
the
lawyers and the special
story: his
"We
re-
peared twelve days before Roy's Nov. 2 cus-
Even Roy
letter,
as a base for
unofficial charges affecting the moral
character without giving the accused a
article in
porter Joe Sylvester, ap-
The
it
Ethics, "the
was one of those
we had
to
be care-
with because
if
we
printed everything he
[Roy] told us about the
mother, she probably would have sued
us for libel," says Sylvester.
While
this is true, if the story
covered more than one side,
sible that other issues
it
is
would have
had
possur-
faced.
little to
say
about the inaccuracies in the story. He
claims he personally saw the copy of the
letter Roy sent, and he even believes he
had one of Roy's business cards.
"If I had his card, I have no idea
"From my
recollection,
I
case was just about a father
think this
who was
frustrated with his wife trying to get
custody of the kids," says Sylvester. " I
don't think there was any type of abuse
or anything like that." S
41
The Break-up of a Family
July
—
1971 Angle meets Roy. Two weeks later,
Angle moves Into the trailer that Roy shares
2,
Northumberland County Court
9, 1987
awards physical custody of Julie to Angle,
and Denise to Roy in an addition to the
Protection from Abuse Order. Angle is still
with a friend.
October 1971
— Angle dlscoveres that Roy
Mary and
ried to
Is
—
October
mar-
Women's
at the
has two children.
her to attorney
August
11,
1973
— Roy
Jr. is
—
with her father.
October 21, 1987
— Angle
and Julie stay with
Vermont, while
she looks for an apartment and a job in New
Hampshire.
Angle's aunt
to take her back.
—
Angle and Roy move into an apartment
because of Angle's pregnancy.
December
1987
4,
in Chester,
— Angle and Julie move into an
apartment in Claremont,
March
31, 1976
— Angle
refers
Angle and Julie leave for New
19, 1987
Hampshire. Denise stays in Pennsylvania
October
—
Fall 1975
Women's Center
Thomas E. Lelpold.
born to Roy and Mary.
Late July or early August 1975 Roy leaves to
help his daughter, Rhonda. Angle leaves
the trailer to move in with her mother in
New Hampshire. One and a half months
later she discovers she is pregnant and
begs Roy
Center. Since Mackie has
full caseload, the
She
gives birth to her first
work
starts
New
Hampshire.
at a rehabilitation center.
child, Denise.
December
February 1978
to live
1987
17,
— Angle leaves Roy and takes Denise
with her mother in
New Hampshire.
February 1989
— Roy and Mary are divorced.
— Denise leaves suicide message on
her mother's answering machine.
April 1978
— Angle returns
to
Pennsylvania with
her sister and Denise to pick up the remain-
April 1989
She ends up returning to Roy. Upon returning. Angle starts
der of their belongings.
House of Wicker home party
July 16, 1981
— Angle
— Angle leaves rehabilitation center and
starts
ill
work
— Angle
is
engaged
— Denise
is
allegedly molested by Roy's
June 1989
July 1989
—
1982 Angle enrolls as a student at
Bloomsburg University. She withdraws
the beginning of her third semester.
—
1987 Angle leaves Roy for final
She files an Intake form with the
Bloomsburg Women's Center where she
confers with attorney Peter Mackie.
1,
to Jim.
gives birth to her second
friend.
September
group home with mentally
plan.
daughter, Julie.
May
in a
clients.
(Children and Youth later labels
this Incident "Indicated.")
— Angle breaks engagement with Jim.
1990 — Angle and Julie arrive
Florida
January 1990
May
4,
in
live with
time.
June
26, 1990
—
to
Angle's mother.
Julie leaves to visit Roy.
Angle
prepared by Judy Kosman and Jane Mehlbaum
42
SPECTRUM
expects her return on July 13. Shedoesnot
January
return on schedule.
August
3,
— Angle
submits request for
Roy
to
in-
Children and Youth
for emotional abuse. Allegation determined
— Roy
1990 — Angle
July 24, 1990
1991
3,
vestigation of
custody of
files for
unfounded.
Julie.
receives custody papers
January
from Roy.
25, 1991
— Attorney Elizabeth Heroes
re-
ceives Angle's case as a pro bono appoint-
ment from Susquehanna Legal Services.
August
6,
1990
— Angle returns
search for Julie.
Julie
Pennsylvania to
She discovers later that
was staying
at
to
January
Roy's stepbrother's
30, 1991
house.
says
said
August
August
10,
16,
— Angle
custody of Denise.
1990 — Special master hearing presided
1990
August 27, 1990
—
^Julie
and Angle return
to Florida.
Roy and his attorney, James
Roy could not pick up Julie on
for
Rosini,
time, so
agreed to push back the return date.
they
files for
by Harry Klein, who says Denise will stay
with Roy and Julie with Angle.
— Angie's contempt hearing
not returning Julie on time. In defense, she
Julie returns to
Roy.
—
February
Telephone conference was held
4, 1991
between Angle and Roy.
February
6,
1991
— Angle
files a
motion for modi-
fication of Julie's custody.
October
11,
1990— Children
and Youth notified of
Denise's molestation by Roy's friend. Al-
February 28, 1991
is
October 21, 1990
—The Sunbury Daily Item
an article regarding
Roy
'
s
— Rosini
asks court to deny
Angie's modification hearing because she
legations determined indicated.
runs
also filing for an appeal. Angle drops her
appeal.
complaints about
April
the special master hearing.
— Roy's
1991
2,
contempt hearing
for not
abiding by a court order allowing Angle
October 30, 1990
— Family
therapist Judy
Wiley
liberal
November
2,
1990
— Common Pleas Judge
of both girls awarded to Roy. Angle
in the
summer
a
minimum
are
Julie can call her anytime.
awarded
April 19, 1991
He
of
is
— Roy
May
— Judge
1991
9,
modification
11,
1990
— Angle notified
that Children
and Youth has filed a report of sexual
molestation of Denise by Roy's stepfather
years earlier. Children and Youth determines these allegations unfounded.
December
19,
1990
— Angle
files a notice
of appeal
with the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.
WINTER
1991-1992
files for
awarded $50
a
support from Angle.
week.
to
Angle.
December
a result. Angle can
on Wednesdays be-
is to
return Julie by Dec. 30. Liberal phone calls
and visitations including
As
calls.
see Julie
tween 4 and 8 p.m. and every other weekend. She is allowed two phone calls a day;
Lipsitt
presides at custody hearing. Full custody
one month
phone
now only
evaluates family.
month more
Summer
1991
Samuel Ranck presides at
which Angle gets one
trial in
visitation.
— Angle wants Julie
to visit her in
Florida, in accordance with the dictates of
the court order. Angle claims Julie couldn't
come without Denise and Denise wouldn't
come without a friend. No visitation occurs. S
43
B^Ui Fiiate^m^es:
t
Work For ibu
Bdta Sigma D|lta IBEA
\Supportink the American Caf^er Society
and me Leukemia Founahdon
GamilaEpsilon Omicron rED^^"^
Supporting the American Cancer Society
Phi Sigma Xi
Sfipporting the
OE5
Ronald McDonald House
akd Big Brotfih'-LittTh^Brother\
Sigma Iota Omega I lAil
Sujjportim the Danny nppletoh Medical Fund
I^trldppa Epslloi/ TK^
!
Supporting the Special Olympics
ThetaXhi
eX
Red Cross
and Ronald McDonald House
Supporting the American
Pi
Kappa Phi
HKO
Supporting P.U.S.H/and S.HA.R.E.
Blooidsburg
University
Interfraternity Council
FACE
(continued from page 46)
Noon
says custody and divorce
cases are separate entities. Custody cases
are geared to
what
is
best for the child,
while divorce cases arc supposed to deal
primarily with what is fair and equitable
for both parties.
Gould also points out
that
many
sexual and physical abuse allegations
are simply untrue; they are tools used in
court to keep fathers
away from
their
children.
"We believe in good laws, we want
good sexual abuse laws, good protection from abuse, but right now its a
nancies, and 65 percent of high school
dropouts are children from maternal
homes. These statistics also suggest children involved in a joint custody arrangement adapt better socially and psychologically to divorce.
In an attempt to help fathers deal
with thesecrises, as well as with the loss
of seeing their child, FACE offers coun-
much of which comes from
Gould. "I'm not a counselor, but I try
awful hard," he says. The organization
offers counseling through a life-enrichment program, and also utilizes the serseling,
vices of a professional counselor,
Gould says
whom
torney," he says, adding,
yer that
we
Gould says
offers a lot of input.
tant
owned
laws,
a
Gould,
most child abuse comes from
new boyfriends that mothers
to
become involved with
after
and he admits
being harassed himself.
their divorce,
to
In
good protection from
now it's
abuse, but right
organization's
the social problems and
young people today ochomes with only a maternal par-
ent.
For example, the study reveals 70
all
juvenile suicide attempts
or deaths, 70 percent of teenage preg-
WINTER
1991-1992
it
can
is
also
to get better
members sentaresolution
a
bill
to Harrisburg, attempting to
fact that they're
the domestic relations system,
from custody
"We
to
support
don't really have
good judicial review board
and I think we need this bill,"
says Gould. "It will show the
injustices that are happena
dad away from the kids
crises affecting
percent of
house and provided
which handles everything
newsletter. These statistics suggested
cur in
a
legislation passed in state
government. Recently, FACE
being used as tools to keep
"Everytime I think of you I
slap your son."
"What can you do," says Gould.
"You can't arrest him because you can't
prove it, yet these sort of things are
happening."
A list of statistics gathered by the
U.S. Department of Justice, the National
Center for Child Abuse and Neglect, the
U.S. Department of Education, and the
National Center for Health Statistics was
published in the November 1990 issue
many of
joint
gel a task force to investigate
proven
and out of the house."
ing."
boyfriend called and told him,
that
many
in
Along with providing
saying his ex-wife's
FACE — the
an impor-
legal advice, the group
one instance, Gould
of About
is
determining
more secure environment
doing what
says a father called him in
tears,
for
for the child.
7,951 were substantiated.
According
stability
factor in
custody, and
Welfare's office of Children
that,
get a law-
good job
custody cases the father
"We believe in good laws,
we want good sexual abuse
Of
"We
a
and possibly take a down payment, as well as monthly payments."
Custody results have been favorable for the group's members. Recently,
a member gained full custody and two
others were awarded joint custody. The
organization also has two more members involved in pending custody cases.
Gould claims that in one particular case the mother was married four
times and had moved eight times, proving there was no stability for the childas
long as he remained with the mother.
However, nearly onethird of all child abuse accusations are confirmed. According to the Pennsylvania
Department
of
Public
received in 1990.
do
the client
proven fact that they're being used as tools to keep dad
away from the kids and out of
the house," he says.
Youth and Families, 24,357
reports of child abuse were
feel will
The group meets once a month,
members the opportunity to learn
of new developments, air any problems
giving
they
may be
dealing with, or possibly
counsel a fellow
member through
a cur-
According to Gould, a
major portion of the membership dues
which covers expenses such
as stamps, stationary, and the newsletter
is going toward hiring a lobbyist
to speak for FACE in Harrisburg. And,
although Gould believes this is an im-
—
—
rent crisis.
portant objective, he doesn't see this
Although it is a membership
group, FACE welcomes the public to
happening for quite some time.
and invites people
comment on the group. According
Gould, a typical meeting can last up
to
is
to
however, Gould and his members believe their main priority is to be there
their meetings,
to
first step
when
a father con-
group is to calm him and focus
on getting him visitation with his child.
This is done by referring him to an attorney, although Gould admits FACE is
tacts the
selective
when
it
comes
to legal repre-
"It's
important for fathers
to
know
they're going to have to join an organi-
zation to get what they want
—
access to
says Gould, noting,
"You're not going to be able to do it on
their children,"
your own, you're only going
to get frus-
trated.
sentation,
"We
better legislation
for a father in need.
four hours.
The
The passing of
an important priority for the group,
don't just deal with any
at-
—JANEMEHLBAUM
45
—
Back Of Tlie Book
FACEing FACTS
Local support group wants courts
"Daddies are parents,
Kramer
Kramer,
to
remember,
too''
the 1979 film,
Ina father
fought to keep custody of his
support group that deals with the issues
of divorce, support, and custody, and
young son.
Twelve years
how
they affect fathers and their chil-
"The perception of fathers is that they
dren.
"We work together to try and make
have no feelings," says Gould. "Even judges
vs.
later, a father sits in
make
the system a lot fairer
an attorney's office, strategically planning a case to gain him joint custody of
better laws,
his child.
toward fathers and their children," says
Gould, noting, "We feel there's a great
bias in the family court system right
now."
Gould became affiliated with
FACE through his own child custody
battles. He now has shared custody of
his five-year old daughter, whom he
sees every weekend. He also admits he
Although the two scenarios are
alike, there is a difference.
The
latter is
not the plot of a box-office smash;
it's
and today, more and more fathers are able to gain joint custody
and many times full custody through
the help of an organization called FACE
(Fathers' and Children's Equality).
Founded in 1978
real life,
—
than what
it
is,
a lot
more equitable
don't lose that tender years doctrine, which
went out many years ago."
Gould believes fathers are being
deprived their right to see their children, and that lawyers make deals with
the fathers using the children as bait.
"I have a letter from an attorney
to one of our members saying, 'When
you give mom everything she wants in
property division, we'll start letting you
see your child.' This is signed by an
adding, "They can't
get out of it and say
they don't make deals
ganization
has
branched into several
chapters across the
that. They do
make deals, and its ab-
like
including a local
chapter headed by
gain an additional day with her.
attorney," says Gould,
in Philadelphia, the or-
state,
will be spending time in court trying to
Bob
solutely crazy."
Gould, Hazleton. Gould
chapter which includes
David Noon, an
attorney
from
Ashland, disagrees.
Luzerne, Carbon, and
"Any
Columbia counties.
In
existence
since April 1991, Gould
this
serves as president of a
father accepting
kind of deal is not
receiving effective
representation from
his attorney," he says.
believes his chapter has
accomplished much for
fathers
"We're
in
just establish-
ing ourselves right
and
According
Noon,
the area.
visitation
now
to
the issues of
and divorce
are separate, and to
takes a long time
mix them together
just to get together,"
would be inappropri-
says Gould, adding, "I
is no court
mix the two,"
says Noon, pointing
out, "They are not re-
feel
it
great because
ate.
think we've done a lot
in the past
few months."
FACE
thers'
46
is
a
fa-
advocacy and
"There
that will
I
FACE'S logo, which appears on the
group'
monthly newsletter, About FACE
lated."
(continued on page 45)
SPECTRUM
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