2022 Symposium for Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Although Cryogenics is not new, many of its uses have still yet to be found. Despite this, it is used in everyday life without many people knowing. For instance, one of the first breakthrough discoveries was that of the Bell Coleman Steam Driven Air Cycle Refrigerator in 1877. This allowed for meat to be transported frozen across many different regions by boat and resulted in increasing the longevity of healthy meat for customers. As time progressed, the concept continued to evolve, leading to the idea of the refrigerators being installed in homes. Cryogenics is the process of subjecting a material to below freezing temperatures to achieve new or various properties of the materials. Changes in mechanical properties of materials subjected to Cryogenics are significantly important. In project design, various materials are compared to ensure the properties of the materials comply with codes and specifications, such as tensile strength, compression strength, ductility, etc. Concurrently, the cost effectiveness of what is being designed is assessed. In this research, the material behavior in terms of ductility and brittleness has been studied through a literature review. Additionally, the impact of temperature on strength increase or strength reduction has been investigated. However, not all materials exposed to these temperatures act similarly. To understand what happens at these cold temperatures, the materials must be subjected to the effects of a coolant such as liquid nitrogen. Thus, an analysis of the materials under these harsh conditions is needed to see how it affects the materials' properties and behaviors. The results indicated that there are many distinct abilities of materials that are changed, ranging from radial compressive stress increasing by 132% to thermal conductivity decreasing by 30%.