FAREWELL
SENIORS!
/*\

i * ‘

i^RCHlVES

EDINBOROSTATEvs INDIANA

1:30 p.m. Saturday, November
Sox Harrison Stadium

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EDINBORO STATE
1979
SCHEDULE
Sept, 8..................FAIRMONT STATE (1:30)
Welcome Freshmen
Sept. 15............................at Muskingum (1:30)
Sept. 22.................at Millersville State (1:30)
Sept. 29...... .................. at Clarion State (1:30)
Oct. 6 .............. LOCK HAVEN STATE (2:00)
Homecoming
Oct. 13..............at Shippensburg State (1:30)
Oct. 20.............. CALIFORNIA STATE fl:30)
Parentis Day
Oct. 27.............. at Slippery Rock State (1:30)
Nov. 3......... INDIANA UNIV. OF PA. (1:30)
High School Day
Nov. 10............................at Westminster (1:30)
ESC CAPTAINS: Back Row - Rick Shover and Bill
Kruse. Front Row - Ken Petardi and Andy Parma.

ESC COACHING STAFF: Back Row - Jim Krentz,
Tom Herman, Mike Ferrare, Dave Rieck, and Jim
Bowen. Front Row - Dave Lyon, Head Coach Denny
Creehan, Steve Nolan, and Barney Rutkowski.
1

A SPECIAL THANKS.
Since this is the final program of the season. I'd like
to thank some people behind the scenes who have
made this program possible. Few realize the many
hours involved in the completion of such a publication
which includes everything from "beating the
pavement" for ads to typing the volumes of copy to
meet printer deadlines. I extend my personal thanks
to Mr. Pat Crawford (Advertising Manager), Miss
Patti Loomis (Typist and Associate Editor), Miss
Elaine Dzurko (Typist), Rich Herman, John-Linden,
Tom Perkoski, John Perkoski, Jim Jennings and Pat
Gillespie (Statisticians), Mr. Jerry George and his
staff (Photography), Ann Kilmer, Valerie Hathaway,
Vicki Swanson and Jenny Caro (Program sales),
Dunlap The Printer, Student Services, Inc., and es­
pecially our advertisers who make the entire effort
possible.
Gratefully,
Paul Newman, EditoT

1.
2.
2.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.

PA. CONFERENCE STANDINGS
W-L-T
WESTERN DIVISION
W-L-T
6-2-0
4-0-0
Lock Haven
7-1-0
3-1-0
Indiana
7-1-0
3-1-0
Clarion
3-4-0
2-2-0
Slipery Rock
2-3-0
4-4-0
Shippensburg
2-6-0
1-4-0
Edinboro
W-L-T
W-L-T
EASTERN DIVISION
4-0-0
8-0-0
Cheyney
6-1-0
3-1-0
Millersville
5-3-0
2-2-0
East Stroudsburg
4-3-0
1-2-0
Kutztown
1-2-0
2-6-0
Bloomsburg
0-7-0
0-4-0
Mansfield

wniAUJi

LOCATION: Indium., Pa.
ENROLLMENT: 12,000
NICKNAME: Indlani
COLORS: Mono on and SZate.
STADIUM: IKUZeA iS,000)
CONFERENCE: Penmytvanla - llltit
NAT'L AFFILIATIONS: WAIA, NCAA
LAST GAME: 197S, Edinbo/io 27-21
HEAD COACH: Owen VougheAty
OVERALL RECORD: PiXAt yeax

1978 CONFERENCE RECORD: 2-4-0
ATHLETIC DIRECTOR: HMm Sl&dzlk\
SPORTS INFO. DIRECTOR: None.
SID PHONE: 412-357-7233
LETTERMEN LOST: 13
LETTERMEN RETURNING: 24
TEAM STRENGTHS: PotentiaZ
TEAM WEAKNESSES: Vepth
BASIC OFFENSE: 7-(^omatlon
BASIC DEFENSE: 5-2

WELCOME ALUMNI

EMIL MAGDIK - DIRECTOR OF ALUMNI AFFAIRS
SANDRA KRAUSE - PRESIDENT
PATRICK CRAWFORD - VICE PRESIDENT
DENISE FINAZZO - SECRETARY
RICHARD "SCHULTZ" HOFMANN TREASURER
Rick Bain
Justina Baron
Lawrence Blaney
Jerry Dantry
Victor Donovan
Paul Foust

Patricia Gagliardi
Dr. Herald Green
Dr. Thomas Jambro
Chris Lobins
Daniel McLaughlin
Dr. Gary Means

2

Dr. Louis Meyer
Joe Mineo
Robert Parker
Laurie Hornak Sample
Carl Wozniak
Michael Zahorchak

Once-Beaten. Powerful Indians Test Scots In Home Fmale
It will be a match-up of the Penn­
sylvania Conference's number one
passing attack battling the
league's top defense against the
pass when Edinboro and Indiana
resume their grid rivalry today in
Sox Harrison Stadium.
Edinboro has been a thorn in the
Big Indians' side for the past nine
years with the Fighting Scots show­
ing a 6-1-2 chart over Indiana since
1970. Most of those games have
been classic confrontations, but the
Big Indians have different ideas
this year as they bring an impres­
sive 7-1 record to Edinboro and
aspirations of winning the Penn­
sylvania Conference's Western
Division title.
Edinboro State, showing a 2-6
card overall, will have its defen­
sive secondary sternly tested by
the league's leading quarterback.
Bob McFarland, and, likewise, the
Western Division's top receiver,
Terry Skelley. McFarland has
been true on 100 of 192 passing aftempts for 1,562 yards and 12
touchdowns.
The junior pigskin tosser has a
pair of outstanding receivers in
split end Terry Skelley and flanker
Stan Betters. Skelley owns the
number one spot in the West's passThe Fighting Scot football
program Is the official magazine
for all Edinboro State College
home football games. It is
published by the Public Relations
Department.
PROGRAM FEATURES
1979 Schedule............................... 1
Assistant Coaches....................... 1
Pa. Conference Standings..........2
Opponent Information............... 2
Today's Game............................. 3
ESC Pictoral.................................17
Edinboro AlphabeticalRoster .20
Edinboro Lineup.........................22
Indiana Lineup............................23
Indiana Alphabetical Roster ...25
ESC Statistics ............................. 42
Scouting the Scots ......................43
Officials' Signals.............. ..........44
Famous Trophies ....................... It
Scholarships................................ 4t
Breaking the Wishbone....... ,... 9t
TV's Camera Men ................ ....17t
College Football Quiz..................22t
Bone Up on Formations ............27t
Time of Possession.....................35t
John Heisman..............................36t
The Final Seconds...................... 41t
The Trainer............................ ...46t

EDINBORO STATE SENIORS,
Front Row (L-R): Mike Arcarisi,
Willie Curry, Jim Teknipp, Andy
Parma and Head Coach Denny
Creehan. Back Row: Bill Kruse,

catching stats after latching on to
39 McFarland flings for 704 yards
and five scores. Betters is In­
diana's "clutch receiver" who also
ranks high among the Conference's
statistical leaders with his 21
catches, 451 yards and three
touchdowns.
Waiting to tomahawk the Big In­
dians' passing attack is an Edin­
boro secondary that last week
ranked fifth among the nation's
NCAA Division II schools and
eighth nationally in the NAIA by al­
lowing only 74.0 yards per game in
the airways. That mark jumped,
however, to 87.0 yards after a fine
pitching performance by the
Rock's Mike Sachire, but is still
good enough to rate as the best in
the Pennsylvania Conference.
Leading an Edinboro secondary
that owns 13 interceptions in 8
games is senior strong safety Ken
Petardi with four aerial thefts. He
is backed up by cornerback Dan Allie who has pilfered three passes.
Augmenting Indiana's sky show
is a ground game that features ful­
lback George Kelly and tailback
Ed Gonzales. Kelly has churned up
362 yards in 67 attempts to fashion
an impressive 5.4 yards per carry
output. Gonzales trails him with
301 yards and a 3.1 average per try.
lUP's junior place-kicker, Kurt
Bowers, has led his own personal
assault on the warpath by being
perfect on 24 of 24 extra point at­
tempts to run his streak to 44 in a
row. Bowers has split the uprights
3

Tom Greenstone, Rayfield Adams,
Don Strozyk, and Rick Shover. Mis­
sing: Ken Petardi, Phil Fagan and
Dan Buchwach.

on 8 of 10 field goal tries to lead the
team in scoring with 48 points. His
last minute field goal against
Waynesburg Saturday was the
margin of difference in Indiana's
18-15 win.
The Big Indians' defense has also
keyed victories by forcing 29 tur­
novers. The unit has recovered 15
fumbles and speared 14 enemy pas­
ses. Leaders on the defensive unit
include linebacker John Link (109
tackles), middle guard Terry Carroll (6-2, 215) and tackle Joe
Cugliari (6-4, 250).
The Fighting Scots' greatest suc­
cess moving the football has been,
like Indiana, through the air.
Senior quarterback Rick Shover
has been true on 74 of 141 tosses for
960 yards. His season high which
tied an Edinboro record was 17 suc­
cessful connections against Lock
Haven that matched Tom
Mackey's effort against Clarion in
1968.
Tim Beacham has most often
been on the other end of Shover's
passes. The fleet-footed junior has
pulled down 31 for 490 yards and
two touchdowns. Another busy
receiver of late has been tight end
Bill Kruse who, likewise, has two
scores on 11 catches for 295 yards.
His 26.8 yards per reception is tops
on the team.
Teaming up with Edinboro's
secondary are defensive leaders
tackle Jim Collins (82 tackles), end
Willie Curry (80), linebacker Bob
Cicerchi (80) and tackle Tom
Greenstone (65).

^^One was
lighter and
a better
tasting beer
. . . it was
BlalzW
— Philip Murray,
college student

It must
be the
truth . . .
cause I just
done itW
— Roger Varo,
college student

Taste-test Blatz yourself.
Join the Blatz believers.
«rU be
buying
Blatz this
weekendJJ
— Lee Ramsek,
marketing executive

In October, 1977, these Mil­
waukee beer drinkers took the
Blatz TV taste test against their
regular beer. They became
Blatz believers.
Still skeptical? Try the Blatz
taste test yourself. Next time
you’re about to have your regu­
lar beer, try thd, Blatz taste your­
self. You’ll see why Blatz is
America’s great light beer!

gained
respect for
Blatz^^
beer”
— Victor Bnist,
banker

Blatz... America’s Great Light Beer,
.c

1978 G. HEILEMAN BREWING CO., INC., LA CROSSE, WISCONSIN AND OTHER CITIES

;^tirUng JBribge Inne
MOTEL - RESTAURANT - LOUNGE
WE SPECIALIZE IN GOURMET FOODS-^ STEAKS * LOBSTER * ITALIAN DISHES

TRY OUR STEAMED CLAMS OR ESCARGOTS!

Rte. 99 on Edint>oro Lake

Phone 734-4113

EDINBORO LiniE
DANCE
>1
STUDIO
Directed by:

Patti Magdik
734-5273
Best Wishes to
The Fighting Scots
Dazzle'Em —
With Your Footwork"
RAYFIELD ADAMS - FS

Erie
Insurance
Exchange

William L. Hayes
107 E. Normal St. Edinboro.PA
Phone: 734-1871

DUSCKAS-BAILEY
FUNERAL HOME INC.
MAIN OFFICE
2607 Buffalo Rd. Ene, PA 16510
G.R. Bailey, Supervisor

BRANCH OFFICE
536 W. 10th St. Erie, PA 16502
John C. Melzer, Supervisor

Good Luck!
FIGHTIXG SCOTS
EDINBORO STATE COLLEGE

COLLEGE
UNION
BOARD

ESC
S U
CUB

MARIE FOX
Laura Kessler
Mary Kay Macik
Steve Nelson
Diane Obradovich
Nick Sarandou
Leo Esres

STEVE FLESHMAN
David Battaglia
Mike Briggs
John Giordano
Tina Herr
Gerry Hewlett
Patty Kearns

ESC
S U
CUB
CAROLYN YOTHERS
Brian Schroeder
Jeff Stofka
Maria Thomas
Janet Woodruff
Maureen Yurus

EMIL MAGDIK - Director of College Union Board

HALF- TIME

o
o

205 WATERFORD ST.
EDINBORO, PA 16412
(across from Eckerds)

50 IMPORTS
6 DRAUGHT BEERS

v-:v%

' .V*

'

,•

{?’'■'

t

MIKE ARCARISi - WR

7 .'Wi

HOURS: 11:30 - 2:00 a.m. Dally
HAPPY HOUR: 4:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.

by Tracy Dodds, Milwaukee JOURNAL
uring the Civil War, when Mor­
gan's Raiders ventured into In­
diana, they camped on the
banks of the Ohio River in’ the
southeastern comer of the state, not far
from the little towns of Kent and
Hanover. And when they passed by the
old Bruner Farm, which was home­
steaded in those parts in the 1840s,
they would stop for a drink from the
well. General Morgan himself would
climb down from his horse and take a
cool drink from the well’s Old Oaken
Bucket.
j
It was many years later, in 1925, that
the very same Old Oaken Bucket was
pulled from the well, all covered with
moss and mold, and resurrected as
the symbol of the football rivalry be­
tween two of the state’s universities.
With a little repair work, a little spit
and polish, and a proper plaque to
make it official, that very Old Oaken
Bucket became the trophy of the
annual game between Indiana Uni­
versity and Purdue University.
What? You say that doesn’t hold
water? Well, of course not! It’s more
than 140 years old!
But a shiny new bucket, or a
golden replica of a bucket, or a
freshly minted trophy or cup,
would never match the charm
and character of the rickety old
original.
continued
The Old Oaken Bucket

Who has the classic answer
to cold weather?
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a

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lintuk
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Jant/cn’s North (’oimlrycablcknil sweaters aie designed to make you
glad the weatlier turned eold. 'I'hey’re handsomely eralted in Winluk*
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OrloiV” aerylie, with the look and feel ot wool. Visit your
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favorite better retailer and see why Ameriea’s most
jry
popular eableknit sweaters have beeome so popular.
ICaI 1 L.Z^v^l 1
Or write .lant/.en, Ine., Dept. NC, Portland, Oregon 97208.
Y)tl know who.

continued

That’s the whole idea. Tradition.
Legend.
Every year the Bucket’s chain grows
longer, with an added bronze link—
either a block P or a block I, depending
upon who won the Bucket game—
engraved with the date and the score of
the game. For ties, a double link, an IP
And for special years, jewels. There is
an I with a tiny rose of rubies for the
year that Indiana went to the Rose
Bowl. And there is a P embellished with
a diamond. That was in 1943 when Pur­
due claimed for itself the national title.
Such is the spirit of a healthy, AllAmerican rivalry. There’s nothing like it.
The proud owner of the Bucket, of
course, puts it on display, most often in
the student union building. And the
enemy, sick with jealous rage, sends out
envoys to steal it.
It’s all part of the ritual.
From time to time, the scoundrels suc­
ceed, even though guards are usually
posted as the day of the big game ap­
proaches. Indiana fraternity men once
stole the Bucket from a locked glass
case in the Purdue union building, and
it was hidden out at various fraternities
on the Indiana camps all fall and not
returned to Purdue until the day of the
game.
Two Purdue students attempted to
steal the Bucket from the Indiana Union,
but they were apprehended before they
got out of the building.
In recent years, the new, young coach
at Indiana risked being mugged by
carrying the Bucket with him wherever
he went for weeks. When he finally got
his hands on the Bucket, he carried it
with him not only to luncheons and
personal appearances, but also around
the office with him, into film sessions

Old Ironsides

The Commander-in-Chiefs Trophy

and to greet all visitors.
Not all of the country’s football
trophies rate that degree of respect, but
they all have stories.
Like The Little Brown Jug. Legend has
it that when Michigan sent its scouts to
Minneapolis in 1903 to scout Minnesota,
the scouts returned with the report that
the water up there was not fit to drink.
So the Michigan coaches filled a
brown jug with good Ann Arbor water
and took it along. After the game, which
ended in a 6-6 tie, the Michigan team
left the jug behind. When they wrote to
Minnesota, asking that the jug be re­
turned, they were challenged to try to
win it back.
And so began the rivalry for The Little
Brown Jug.
Some of the fabled trophies date back
even farther. Like the Axe. It has been
the symbol of the football rivalry be­
tween California and Stanford since
1933, but it dates back to 1899.
It all started at a baseball game when
a cheerleader named Billy Erb used the
Axe to behead a dummy Bear—a Cal
Bear of course—and get the Stanford
fans fired up. After the game, some of
the Cal men stole the Axe and pirated it
across the Bay on a ferry boat.
In order to conceal it, they sawed off

the handle. Which is why, to this day,
there is an Axe mounted on a plaque,
but no Axe Handle.
The Axe, too, has a history laced with
kidnapping and treachery. Many at­
tempts have been made to steal the Axe
from its rightful keepers, especially
since 1933 when it was made the official
trophy.
In 1930, an elaborate attempt was
made, complete with tear gas and
smoke bombs, when a group of Stanford
students known as "The Immortal 21’’
posed as reporters and asked that The
Axe be brought out to be photographed
with some young men posing as football
players. The ploy was successful and
the Stanford students succeeded in
wrestling The Axe from its custodian.
The Bell has a tumultuous history as
well. Even before The Bell was a trophy,
while it was still just a bell, it was stolen
from the belfry of a church in Seward,
Nebraska, by two fraternities at the Uni­
versity of Nebraska.
At that time, the two fraternities oc­
cupied the same house. But when the
two fraternities went to separate houses,
a rivalry developed between the two of
them over which was to keep The Bell.
Every year, Phi Delta Theta and Delta

continued on 6t
3t

by Dave Campbell, Waco TRIBUNE HERALD
head coach at a major university
Until one week later.
recently thought he had one of
It was then that the coach discovered
the best players in the country
the bad news: His blue-chip player was
all but signed, sealed and delivered
to promising to gain those same thou­
still
thousands of win-hungry alumni. The
sand yards, but he had made the exact
player had just completed dotting the /
same promise to four other colleges.
of his last name on the school’s letter of The star-spangled player had actually
intent form, said he was ready to join
signed wdth four schools. And it was all
the school’s backfield and gain 1,000
perfectly legal, since he had signed with
yards as a freshman and merely wanted
four different conferences.
to be pointed in the general direction of
Understandably, the next few days
the school’s record book so he could
were pure agony to all four coaches. All
rewrite the major offensive records.
of them waited anxiously, desperately,
Naturally, the head coach was all
nervously, marking the days to national
smiles.
signing day. That's when all four got a
jolt: ,

A

' It's days like that one that make this
business so tough,” the first spurned
coach says. "The letter of intent signing
day is a time for either heartache or
song. Usually both.”
Indeed, the whole scholarship pic­
ture nowadays is sometimes a bit
cloudy even to those who are familiar
with the intricacies involved. Basically,
there are two areas of worry for most
recruiters—their conference letter of in­
tent signing day and the national letter
signing day. Presently, only two confer-

continued on 13t

0

Careful people deserve to save. On auto. Homeowners. Commercial. And life.
Look for an independent SAFECO agent listed in the yellow pages.

continued from 3t

Floyd of Rosedale

Tau Delta would hold some form of ath­
letic endeavor to see which would keep
The Bell for the following year.
Now, that had been going on for 35
years, and it was getting kind of old
when, in 1926, Chester Brewster, the
athletic director at Missouri, decided
that a trophy was in order for the
rivalry between Missouri and Nebraska.
At his suggestion, Frank Knight, then
the president of the Missouri student
body, went to tbe Nebraska Student
Federation and all agreed upon the idea
of a trophy. The Nebraska contingent
suggested The Bell, and the two frater­
nities were thenceforth freed from their
annual battle.
The Bell was engraved with an M on

one side and an N on the other.
Bells are popular as annual trophies.
Victory Bells were all the rage in the
1940s, when r ivalries were run up be­
tween Cincinnati and Miami of Ohio,
Duke and Noi'th Cai’olina, Pacific and San
Jose State, and Southern Cal and UCLA.
In 1940, Ball State and Indiana State
came up with a Blue Key Victory Bell.
But Oklahoma and Oklahoma State got
in ahead of the bell fad with a simple
Bell Clapper in 1931.
Over the years, trophies have ranged
from a Beer Barrel (established in 1925
between Kentucky and Tennessee) to a
Telephone (established in 1959 between
Iowa State and Missouri.) From an Old
Brass Spittoon (established in 1958 be­

tween Indiana and Michigan State) to a
Bear Trap (established in 1972 between
Utah State and Weber State).
Some have grown in statui'e, pi'estige
and ti'adition. Others have faded away.
Three way trophies have their place
in college football lore, too. The winner
of a competition between Penn State,
Pittsburgh and West Virginia lays claim
to "Old Ironsides," a mammoth, fourfoot, three-sided trophy.
The Nittany Lions have won or
shared "Old Ironsides’’ 23 times since
the award was initiated in 1951. Pitt has
had at least a share of the trophy nine
times; and West Virginia has shared the
honor four times, winning it once in
1953.
The Commander-in-Chief’s Trophy
goes to the winner of another three way
competition, this one between Army,
Navy and Air Force. Established in 1977,
this trophy is formal and impressive.
The 1950s, 1960s and 1970s were
marked by a parade of Governor’s Cups
and Mayor’s Trophies.
But it is the traditional trophies, with
their histories full of anecdotes and
skulduggery, that captures the imagina­
tion of college football fans.
Once upon a time, Floyd of Rosedale
was a real, live pig. And once upon a
time, Illibuck was a real, live turtle.
Floyd came on the scene in 1935 as
the prize of the game between Iowa and
Minnesota. Alas, the original Floyd has
passed away. But there is a bronze re­
plica of him that carries on his fine tra­
dition.
Illibuck, a live snapping turtle named
for the mini of Illinois and the Buckeyes
of Ohio State, was the symbol of their
rivalry from 1925 and 1928. But he had
lived in such lavish splendor in Colum­
bus and Champaign that he died at an
early age. His memory is carried on by a
wooden replica that keeps a record of
scores on its shell.
Sweet Sioux, too, had a short but il­
lustrious reign and has since been re­
placed by a mere token of his former self.
Sweet Sioux was a wooden Indian, six
feet tall, that was taken from a post of
an exclusive antique shop in Evanston,
111., by the men of the Acacia fraternity
at Northwestern.
He was, at that time, more than 100
years old. A former Cigar store Indian
and a Survivor of the Chicago Fire.
Sweet Sioux was retired in 1945, but
his Tomahawk still passes back and
forth between state rivals Northwestern
and Illinois.
Hence,The Tomahawk, another symbol
of victory. . . or so the story goes ... ^

The winning team
from America's most entertaining
couple... Mr and Mrs “T.”
When the final score goes up, you’ll always
find the cocktail mixes from Mr and Mrs “T” the
winner—that’s because they make the perfect
drink everytime!
So, at home or away, always pick one from
the “winning team” and you’ll be amazed at
how easy it is to entertain with Mr and Mrs “T”

otorists driving past
the home of Emory Bol­
lard during the sum­
mer of 1968 must have
thought it funny seeing the former Uni­
versity of Texas football coach playing
on the front lawn with neighborhood
children.
A grown man strategically moving
eager young boys around the yard like
Xs and Os on a chalkboard?
But people also laughed at Thomas
Edison, The Wright Brothers and Louis
Pasteur—brilliant inventors who saw
needs and filled them.
Granted, the Wishbone offense Bellard created will not go down in history
as one of the monumental accom­
plishments of our time, but it sure has
made an already complicated sport
more sophisticated.
It has also made opposing coaches
—those who have to defend against
the weird-looking formation— feel old
before their appointed times.
"Philosophically, there is no way to
defense the Wishbone,” said a former
major college coach who played many
wishbone teams in his day. "It is a ter­
rific running offense which employs 11
men against 10 defenders. It necessi­
tates a change from conventional de­
fensive alignments.
"If you stay with the same defense
throughout a game against good
Wishbone teams, you will be soundly
beaten.”
The Wishbone—it was given that
name because of a likeness to the "pully
bone” in a chicken—has turned things
around for several teams. One school,
which switched to the Wishbone after
back-to-back 6-5 seasons, now averages
over 10 wans per season. Ironically, this

continued

Normal defensive coverage would put the
defense as pictured right, but changes
in defensive assignments are not unusual
against the Wishbone, although not often
are they fruitful.

Something so special
is meant to be shared.

Holland's Heineken, America's number one imported beer.

continued from 9t

team changed its offensive strategy after
playing another Wishbone to a tie!
The Wishbone is a triple-option of­
fense based on the ability of the quar­
terback to read defenses after the play
is in motion. The quarterback either
gives the ball to the fullback over guard,
keeps it and runs around end or
pitches it to a trailing halfback. Fourth
and fifth options come into play by the
threats of a delayed pitch to the half­
back downfield or a pass.
"The Wishbone is not unlike any
other offense in that defenses eventu­
ally catch up with it," one coach said.

cellent job stojjping a Wishbone team
in post-season play. The Wishbone
team, which averaged almost 30 points
per game during the regular season,
had only three until it rallied for a
fourth-quarter touchdown and two
point conversion.
"Like any offense, the Wishbone
necessitates risks by the defense,” one
coach said.
"Basically, we stopped the Wishbone
by pinching our tackles and ends (shut­
ting off the fullback thrust), turning our
linebackers loose on the halfbacks (lim­
iting the pitch) and firing our backs

"But it boils down to the abilities of
your players. To run the- Wishbone
properly, you must have a heckuva cen­
ter so you can establish the fullback
run. If a defense has a good enough
noseguard and linebackers, it has gone
a long way toward stopping the
Wishbone."
A wealth of offensive personnel, par­
ticularly running backs, prompted Bellard to invent the Wishbone.
"We had three super runners at
Texas—Ted Coy, Steve Wooster and
Chris Gilbert—and they all needed to
be on the field at the same time,” Bel-

Since the quarterback has many options available, he often outsmarts the defense at the last second .

The conventional Wishbone can be
stopped, but teams have started to
open up the attack by going with mis­
direction runs and more frequent pas­
ses. That puts an added taxation on the
defense.
"If a Wishbone team guarantees an
opponent it will stay with the basics, it
will be stopped. But when it spreads
people over the field, it causes serious
problems,” he added.
"Are Wishbone teams running out of
wi’inkles? No, because as more people
go away from the offense, other teams
will have more success with it.
"There lies another problem with
stopping the Wishbone. Due to its
strange appearance and obvious com­
plications, it is hard to prepare for in
one week. Scout teams cannot learn fast
enough to give a defense a good look in
practice."
Afforded extra practice time between
the end of the regular season and
post-season play, one team did an ex-

(forcing the quarterback into a pressure
situation).
"It is important to disrupt the quar­
terback. He is the trigger man and
makes it all happen.
"You might say that plan makes the
defense vulnerable to the pass. It does
look that way, but is not necessarily
true. If you reduce the quick release of
the split end, you minimize the oppor­
tunity to throw the ball.”
Good offensive coaches anticipate
what defenses might do. One such offen­
sive coordinator has come up with
successful plans, hut credits success to
one thing—personnel.
"The big thing that makes the
Wishbone different from most offenses
is the blocking schemes it gives you
with an extra halfback behind the quar­
terback,” he said. "It offers an extra
dimension—a running back taking a
pitch from the quarterback and going
one-on-one with a defensive halfback
with a blocker between them.

lard said. "When put in charge of our
offense, I started daydreaming about
how great it would be to give all three of
them the option of running the ball.
"In short, the triple option principle
was the concept and the Wishbone was
the result.”
How does the inventor view the of­
fense now?
"It is the same as always,” Bellard
said, "except it has now passed the test
of time. It is an offense with high per­
centages for success, because if de­
fenses are read properly by the quar­
terback, it offers the liberty of automa­
tics (changes in attack) after the ball is
snapped.”
As complicated as it is, the Wishbone
was given a very simple name at birth.
"We just called it 'run-right' and
run-left and turned everybody loose.’
Bellard said.
Backs are still running and defenses
continue to search for ways to stop
them.
^
lit

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continued from 4t

ences in the country combine their
signings into both a league and national
signing day. As for the other conferenc­
es, they must sweat it out through two
signings, and as one coach notes, "It’s a
real sweat out, too. I’d give anything if
there were a rule allowing only one let­
ter of intent day. It would take care of a
lot of problems for everyone. ”
Why?
“Mainly because of the three-visit
rule,” the recruiter says. "If I use all of
my three visits in getting a kid to sign
with us on conference day, according to
the three-visit rule, I can’t legally see
him again until after national signing
day. Meanwhile, some of the big inde­
pendents or any school not in our con­
ference can come and practically live
with the kid. That’s when you see so
many players change their minds, and
that’s Where you see the original pur­
pose of the letter of intent abused. A
letter of intent means he has chosen
only our school in the conference. A na­
tional letter means he will go to that
school (if it’s in the NCAA). But the NAIA
can still talk to him even after a national
signing letter. It’s a wonder kids aren’t
more confused than they are, and most
of them are pretty confused.’’
Accordingly, there are more questions
being asked these days about scholar­
ships, signing dates and recruiting
analyses than ever before.
"One conference,’’ the coach says,
"has a signing date of Dec. 10 or there­
abouts. The national date this year was
Feb. 14. It’s clearly an advantage for the
schools with the earliest date. They
recruit all during the summer months.
From August to November, they are
coaching, the rest of the time recruiting.
That’s a big advantage. I sure hope
someday we will have just one signing
date. I know it (two signing dates) is
causing some very bad feelings around
the country and pressure is mounting
against it. It sure is hard to explain to
alumni how you lost a player on na­
tional signing day. We lost two this year,
in some years we’ve lost five (including
one player who went on to win the
Heisman Trophy).
"The original letter of intent purpose
was to make sure the coach and player
knew it was only that school he was
choosing and none other. That’s not the
case today,’’ the coach sighs.
While the image and tone of the letter
of intent has changed, so has the actual
number of scholarships offered. Four
years ago, the NCAA decreed a
maximum of 30 scholarships could be
given a year, and 95 over a four-year
period. Aimed as a cost-saving measure,
the rule has made sure that any player
who is fortunate enough to be offered a
scholarship is a bona fide college-type

player. Previously, thcrt' had been no
limit; then it was determined to he set
at 50 scholarships a \ear. then 15 and
down to 30.
But surprisingly, most coaches agree
that a walk-on player’s chances are as
good or perhaps even better than ever.
"Most schools, including us, use this
formula for recruiting players,’’ a wellknown coach reveals. “We draw up a
list of the top 100 players, then divide
them into categories of blues, ones and
twos. A blue is a can’t miss player, one
who is truly great; the ones are those
you want to offer a scholarship; twos
are really anybody not a one—they are
on the marginal side.’’
With such intricate planning, one
would think the chance of missing a
“blue ” or even a "one” would be small.
Not so.
"Some good players will always be
overlooked,” says the coach. "For one
thing, once every school has signed its
30, there are still players they wish they
had. But a walk-on’s chances are best if
he wants to play at a big school in a
conference. Many times, he’ll pass up
small school offers in order to try out
for the big school he wants. We always
leave open two or three scholarships
each year for walk-ons. This season, we
signed two; in the past, we’ve signed as
many as four walk-ons. They are good
players, too.”
All of which brings up an interesting
point: Who actually offers scholarships?
Is it a staff decision, one coach’s alter­
native or is it up to the head coach?
'The head coach,” one nationally Re­
spected voice believes. "The head coach

should offer all the scholarships and ul­
timately he’s the one who decides
which players should be offered schol­
arships. After they’ve evaluated your
needs at each position, there are always
several spots open. One coach will say
he’s got a wide receiver who’s great,
another coach will say he’s got a
lineman who could play tomorrow. The
head coach has to listen to both and
make a decision. It’s not easy and
again, that’s why so many good players
are sometimes overlooked.”
Even at that, it is very common for
most schools to offer many more schol­
arships than they are allowed, simply
because they know they'll be turned
down in favor of other schools. "We of­
fered 44 scholarships this year,” the
coach adds, "and out of those 44, 24 of
them signed with us. That’s a very high
percentage. You always offer more than
you can take.
"Now if everyone we offered a schol­
arship to was to say "yes,” ” he chuckles,
" then we’d really be scratching our
heads over which ones to take.” Such
are the confusing, frustrating but-ohso-very necessary ways of the letter of
intent.

13t

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1*1

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"V-8" is a registered trademark of Campb

HERE’S HOW TO ORDER YOUR “V-8” SPICY-HOT COOLER:
)W *‘V-8” Spicy-Hot has a
special offer on a custom-designed
cooler that’s great for tailgate parties
or any outdoor get-together. It’s a W
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N

STATE COLLEGE

SPORTS
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SPORTS MAGAZINE
Complete sports coverage
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by Donn Bernstein, ABC Sports

■nrs
CAMHIAMEN
THE C(/yS fN THE TiRENCHES
hether fulfilling fantasies or
They are the cameramen, an elite
destroying a dream, their eyes
team of sports specialists who capture
the excitement, color and drama of
hold captive the imagination
of millions of Americans who comprise
college football on the air.
the most common cult in all the land:
"Every viewer enjoys his 50-yardline
seat thanks to these fellas,” says ABC
the television viewer.
They turn living rooms and dens,
Sports Director Andy Sidaris. "They are
front parlors and back porches into
more than just skilled technicians ....
they are artists whose portrayal of the
nerve-tingling arenas where on any
given Saturday of an autumn afternoon,
game
embodies their owri per­
college football enthusiasts live a little
sonalities.”
___and die a little. The life of a television cameraman.

W

whether covering a college football
game or working on any number of his
varied and intriguing assignments, is in
itself as dramatic as the story he is paid
to tell.
Mike Freedman, who has been plying
his trade for 30 years and who is re­
spected by his peers as "the father of
the hand-held camera,” perhaps best
describes his role by offering, "I’m not
paid to shoot the back of a guy’s head.”
"You can tell a whole story in a man’s
eyes,” he insists, "and you don’t need a
whole football field. Frustration, anger,
joy, fear, a tear drop, an embrace—
these are the ingredients that are inte­
gral to college football, and it’s our job
to catch them all. We, too, are jour­
nalists and have the responsibility to
help tell the whole story.”
Indeed, the cameraman is part artist,
part technician, part journalist ... and
all gutsy.
Hovering in a helicopter above Pearl
Harbor a few years ago, Freedman was
shooting some “scene-sets” to be used
the next day during the opening of the
Hula Bowl telecast. “I was dangling out
the right-hand door shooting when all
of a sudden I was in the sea,” he re­
membered. "The chopper had just lost
power and crashed. One person was
killed. You can say that we cameramen
take risks from time to time,” he under­
stated.
Sal Folino, another member of ABC’s
“original” college football crew, is an
engaging character with a warm smile
and charming manner and has little dif­
ficulty in drawing the widest of smiles
from his favorite subjects: the song girls.
"It’s just a simple little camera and it
won’t hurt you at all,” he jests to a cur­
vaceous co-ed who belongs to the spirit
squad. “Just smile a lot so Monti and
Dad will be real proud of you.” Suffice it
to say that if the girls were voting, Sal
continued

17t

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continued

would be "the most popular guy’’ on
campuses coast-to-coast.
This professional goes out of his way
to develop a rapport with his many sub­
jects. "My job is to stick my lens into
everything,’’ he says with earnest pro­
fessional pride, "and it certainly helps
at least to make an effort to introduce
myself to as many people as I can ...
song girls, coaches, players. It’s amazing
how simple chatter helps break the ice
and affords me the best possible
pictures.’’
The life of a sideline cameraman, in­
cluding such NCAA veterans as Evan
Baker, Warren Cress, Jack Cronin, John
Morreale, and Eddie Payne—along with
Folino and Freedman—is not all fun
and frolic. Yes, there are those fans who
offer half their life savings to "get me
on.’’ For an instant shot on national
television, the promises have been
nothing less than outrageous: 'a date
with my daughter ... dinner for two at
my restaurant ... the use of my Rolls
Royce ... a weekend at my summer
house.’’
"We could have an interesting life­
style on the side if we accepted half the
offers,” says one of the cameramen,
whose most bizarre inducement was a
head of cattle offered by a rancher at­
tending a Mid-West shootout.
Those same fans, however, can also
turn into tormentors. "I can’t tell you
how many times I’ve had to duck for
cover when those squishy oranges
come flying from the stands,’’ he said.
‘People swear at us and constantly jab­
ber outta the way ... outta the way’

Cameramen try to capture the whole story
at a game, not just the action on the field.

A good wind on a gusty day can give the cameramen a pretty good ride.

and those die-hard fans can keep on
our back pretty badly.’’
The cameramen also encounter law
and enforcement officials who protect
the sidelines, "and who don’t always
roll out the welcome mat for us,’’ jests
another member of the ABC camera
crew. "I’ve had to go eyeball-to-eyeball
with a few of those guys, and believe
me, it’s not always pleasant.’’
There, too, are those bulldozing
fullbacks and a rash of gang tacklers
"who keep you on your toes unless you
want to get killed,’’ says a veteran of
many games, recalling any number of
near-miss collisions along the sidelines.
“You’ve gotta jump fast in this business
and be as agile as the athletes. They can
come at you like locomotives.’’
Coaches, trainers and team physi­
cians "don’t issue invitations to us,”
added a sideline cameraman, who
claims a snarling glare from a coach on
the sidelines "can haunt you forever.”
Supported by a crane’s single cable
and dangling some 100 feet over the end
zone, ABC cameraman Frank Melchiorre copes bravely with a special
tormentor all his own: the wind.
"It can get hairy up there,” admits
this crew member, who is in his fourth
season covering college football from
that familiar perch in the end zone.
Although the four corners of his 12x15
platform are secured to the crane’s ca­
ble, "they slacken with the wind and on
a gusty day I can get a pretty good ride,”
he says. "I’ve banged into my share of

scoreboards, but no, I don’t get hazard­
ous duty pay,” he jokes.
Melchiorre’s primary responsibility is
to provide the replays from the end
zone, goal-line stands and isolations of
receivers, and he was actually forced
down during an Army-Navy game (in
Philadelphia’s JFK Stadium) a few years
ago when the winds were whirling at an
estimated 40-to-50 miles per hour. "I
couldn't even keep the scoreboard
framed in my view-finder,” he remem­
bered, "and I knew then that it was all
over. Rain and snow means that you’ve
got to constantly wipe the lenses—
which I can live with. But the wind is a
completely other matter.”
A curious public often beseiges the
man on the perch "to keep me com­
pany up there,” but he obviously turns
down "some darned attractive offers.”
Occasionally an "observer” from the
local crane company will join him on
the platform "and one guy actually
brought his lawn chair and a cooler,”
Melchiorre noted with a smile. "Here I
am in my safety harness hanging on for
dear life ... and this character is taking
in the game picnic-style. It was an
amusing contrast to say the least.”
He adds with a wry smile "that col­
lege football is still something very spe­
cial to me—the wind notwithstanding.”
Being a cameraman is an awesome
profession, admits Mike Rebich, an 18year veteran with ABC, who added with
a chuckle, "and Lord help us if we blink
at the wrong time.”

19t

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YOU THINK
YOUKNOW

/2f'

/w

COUG6E
FOOTBAU
1 Prevent defense is a ball-control term used by offensive coaches who want theif
teams to avoid playing defense as long as possible.

;

2 Stunting is a term used to describe the tactic of defensive linemen changing positions in an un­
usual prearranged way in order to confuse offensive blocking.

K

r

; ^./

-

/V--

\

3 On kickoffs, if the kicking team kicks from its 40, the receiving team’s players mpst line pp no
closer than their own 40.

4 A player signalling for a fair catch is not obligated to attempt the catch.
5 it is legal, after signalling for a fair catch, for a player not to attempt to catch t^ ball
and then block an opponent so that a teammate can advance the ball.
6 Six offensive players, including the quarterback, are eligible to catch a forwarrll fiass.

7 The defending team having just given up a safety must put the ball in
play by a free kick, which may be a punt, drop kick or place kick.
8 No loss of down occurs when a quarterback is penalized five yards
for intentional grounding.

9 Zone coverage is a term used by groundskeepers rei|sponsible
for covering certain areas of the field with rain-prool material.

I
10

football field is exactly half as wide as it is long, if other
words, 150 feet.

a

11 When a quarterback is said to be giving an “audible” at
the line of scrimmage, it means he is calling his signals
loud enough to be picked up by the TV microphones.
12 The ball, once dead, must be put back in play within 25
seconds of the whistle blowing it dead on the previous
play.

13 If a defensive team fouls on a play during which time
expires, the period is extended to permit completion of a
play free of penalty.
14 No extension of the period applies when the team in possession
fouls or when both teams foul on the play.
15 The winner of the pre-game coin toss, if he chooses to receive,
may also select the goal he prefers to defend.

GRADE YOURSELF
15-14
13-11
10-7
6-5
4-0

You could be coaching
How about refereeing?
You’re right where you should be, In the stands.
Quick, turn the page so nobody will see your answers.
You gotta be kiddin’I

9S|Bd-9l. snjl-^l, 9nJl-et8S|Bd-2l, 9S|Bd-|,l>.9_S|Bd-0l. 9SIBJ-6 9S|BJ-8 SriJl-Z enJi-9 9S|BJ-g 9S|BJ-t> 9S|BJ-e Bnji-2 9SIBJ-1. :SJ9MSUV

2Zt

If you've al­
ways thought a
little car meant a
lot of crowding,
you've obviously never
looked into a Volkswagen
Rabbit.
There happens to be
so much room in a Rab­
bit that all I'T of Wilt
..
Chamberlain can fit
” comfortably into the driver's
seat.
With space left over.
Because the Rabbit has
even more headroom than a
Rolls-Royce.
As well as more room for
people and things than
practically every other
I imported car in its class.
Including every Datsun. Every
Toyota. Every Honda, Mazda, and
Renault.
Not to mention every small Ford
and Chevy.
And, of course, what's all the more
impressive about the room you get in

GOOD NEWS
PEOPLE

T2

(£)VOLKSWAOEN OF AMERICA, INC.

a Rabbit is that it comes surrounded
by the Rabbit itself. The car that,
according to Car and Driver Maga­
zine, "...does more useful and re­
warding things than any other small
car in the world..."
So how can you go wrong?
With the Rabbit you not only get
the comfort of driving the most
copied car in America.
You also get the comfort of driving
a very comfortable car.
Because it may look like a Rabbit on
the outside.
But it's a Rabbit on the inside.

DOES IT

Americas favorite olive invites you
to test your football knowledge. Maybe you
could win something. Maybe not.

The 1979Almost Official
Undsay’Olive Football Qui^:
I The longest punt on record was kicked by...
a. Steve O’Neal, in Denver, September 21,1969 □
b. Mary Pisinski, in Cleveland, when her husband
ate a whole can of Lindsay Olives at hcilf-time □
c. Alex Karras, last week in Detroit □
d. Lou “TheToe” Groza, in Baltimore,
November 8,1966 □

• In 1974 the AFL created...
a. a divine poulet flambd a la
Blanda □
b. sudden death overtime □
c the Lindsay Olive
Hall of Fame □
d. Howard Cosell □

2* Footballs are shaped like
Lindsay Olives because...
a. they are aerodynamically
perfect □
b. shaping them like pineapples
would confuse fullbacks □
c. they are easier to mail □
d. they inspire players emotionally O
• Lindsay Olives taste better than
footballs because...
a. footballs are chewy and the
laces stick to your teeth □
b. footballs are hard to toss
in salads □
c. footballs do not have a
mellow nutlike flavor □
d. some of the above □

Red Grange left the University of Illinois to...
a. star in the RKO musical “Home on the Grange ” □
b. coach a professional olive-picking team at Lindsay □
c. play for the Chicago Bears □
d. marry and become the father of Red Buttons □
'• An official time-out may be ceilled when...
a. two or more referees want to munch a few
Lindsay Olives □
b. a linebacker bites an offensive right end □
c. a quarterback touches the goalpost with his elbow □
d. a Dallas Cowboy Cheerleader takes off her
warmup jacket □
An offensive lineman is never allowed to.
a. carry a hockey stick □
b. throw Lindsay Olive pits at
the referee □
c. use a deodorant □
d. date a fullback □

a. in Ancient Rome □
b. at a Delta Kappa Epsilon toga party □
c. for money □
d. in the front seat of a 1937 Hudson □
• The AFL and NFL are...
a. the only recognized rule-making
organizations □
b. just friends □
c. the monograms of Alfred and
Nadene Livingston □
d. both crazy about the taste
of Lindsay Olives □

Canadian footbcill is much like the American
game except...
a. Canadians use meters instead of yards and they
talk funny □
b. Canadian referees wear red, ride horseback & sing
like Nelson Eddy □
c. Canadian plays are called in English and Canadian □
d. Field goals may be scored by kicking the belli between
two moose standing in the end zone □
OFFICIAL RULES: Answer all 10 questions
(whether right or wrong).Well mail you
back something. Lindsay Olive Growers,
Lindsay, California 93247.

V

FIGHTING SCOTS' OFFENSIVE LINEMEN

ESC OFFENSIVE LINEMEN (L-R): Chris
Rounds, Mike Garlick, Chuck Wagner, Rick

Koschar, Tom Kisiday, Mark Swiatek and Jim
Rosick.

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

EDINBORO STATE OEFENSIVE GRIOOERS

ESC DEFENSE - Front Row (L-R): Rayfield Butler. Back Row: Coach Dave Lyon, Brian HasAdams, Ken Petardi, Dan Allie and Nick *®tt, Tom Greenstone, Barry Swanson, Pete ButSobecki. Middle Row: Doug Smith, Chris Me- terini. Coach Tom Hermann, Jim Collins, Willie
Cleary, Bob Cicerchi, Phil Fagan and Steve Curry and Coach Steve Nolan.
17

Compliments Of
Tonight,
let it be
Lowenbrhu.

Everything
you always wanted
in a been
And less.

If you’ve got the time,
we’ve got the beer.
N 18

BEST WISHES TO THE FIGHTING SCOTS
FROM ESC ALUMNI AND FRIEND^
KIP AND WENDY ALLEN
afT
LEW AND MARY ANDREWS
/ \
MR. AND MRS. CLARENCE BROWN
BARB BUNTING
J
JACK AND KAREN O'NEIL CASE
MR. AND MRS. PATRICK J. CRAWFORD
RAY DANISZEWSKI
U ^
ELAINE DZURKO •
J|r
MR. AND MRS. JOHN EDLER
SL
ED FATICA
BOB AND DEBBIE FIELD
DOUG AND DIXIE BARTLETT GOODMAN
MR. AND MRS. JAMES H. GREEN
JOHN GUENTHER
AL AND PAM HALL
BOB HANNA
MR. AND MRS. B. R. "Sox" HARRISON
BARBARA HERBEL
VAUGHN AND CLARA HERBEL
BRUCE AND PEGGY MANCUSO HOCKENSMITH
RICHARD 'SCHULTZ" HOFMANN
J. W. "SKIP" HOLROYD
GARY AND VICKI HOPKINS
PETE "THE GREEK" KATSAFANAS
JIM AND DEBBIE KIRK
MR. AND MRS. DONALD KLINGENSMITH
JEFF KUNDMUELLER
MR. AND MRS. GREG LESSIG
PATTI LOOMIS
EMIL AND PATTI MAGDIK
CHARLIE MARR
RICK AND MAUREEN McCAULEY
BILL McCracken
MR. AND MRS. DANIEL O. McLAUGHLIN
DR. AND MRS. GARY MEANS
TOM MIRA
PAUL AND CONNIE NEWMAN
BOB AND RUTH ORR
EARL ORR
LEE ORR
JOHN PECK
JAMES M. ROBINSON
JIMSEKEL
DAVE SKOPOW
BOB STABLEIN
AL AND MARY STONE
PEGGY TAU
CARL AND ANN RADALY VERDI
MR. AND MRS. BOB WALLACE
JERRY "WHOOPEE" WASIELEWSKI
v
WAYNE AND HANNA McGEENEY WEST
BOB AND JAN WOOLISCROFT
PATTI WRIGHT
MR. AND MRS. MIKE ZAHORCHAK
19

EDINBORO STATE COLLEGE ROSTER
NAME
POS. HT. WT.
AbbiaticI, Mike
DB 6-0 185
***Adams, Rayfield
FS 6-0 195
*Allie, Dan
DB 5-9 170
*Arcarisi, Mike
WR 6-0 195
Ayers, Stewart
TB 5-11 185
Badolato, Sam
DB 6-0 170
Baxter, Dave
DT 6-2 195
**Beacham, Tim
WR 5-10 158
Bocook, Jim
DE 6-2 193
Bourne, Tom
C
6-2
195
Buchwach, Dan
MG 6-1
200
Butler, Stephen
DE 6-3 205
Butterini, Peter
DT 6-2 210
Cardman, Jim
OG 6-0 195
at 6-3 230
Carter, Troy
Churma, Duane
WR 5-7 162
Cicerchi,.Bob
5-lXi 180
*Collins, Jim
DT H. 210
Comer, Pat
K
6-0. _ ^.200
Cronen, David
DB 5-10 195
***Curry, Willie
DE 6-3 215
Dietz, Bill
DE 5-10 190
DiValentino, Chris QB 44 170
Early, Joe
RB 5-f. 168
Everett, Chuck
MG 5-10 ‘190
**Fagan, Phil
LB 6-1 200
*Gariick, Mike
C
6-2 201
Gerthoffer, Bob
DB 5-10 175
Gieriak, Tom
WR 5-11 155
Gilbert, Randy
WR 6-2 180
Graeber, Jim
DT 6-0 185
Greben, Gary
OG 6-0 215
♦‘•Greenstone, Tom
DT 6-2 220
Hassett, Brian
LB 6-2 220
Hooker, Darreli
DB 5-7 160
Houston, Ron
FB 6-2 185
Hutzenlaub, Fred
FB 5-10 180
Isakson, carl
RB/S 6-0 175
Jacobs, Bob
QB 6-1
175
Kenny, Cyrill
OT 6-2 260
Kisiday, Tom
OG 6-0 200
*Koschar, Rick
C
6-2 202
**Kruse, Bill
TE 6-3 215
Leonard, Dan
DB 6-2 180
Lewandowski, Scott DB 5-11 185
Long, Joe
OT 6-2 235

NAME
CLASS HOMETOWN
Maatz, Mark
So. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Macaluso, Tom
Sr. Orlando, Fla.
Macri, Chris
Jr. Winter Garden, Fla.
Mago, Martin
Sr. Rochester, N.Y.
Mancuso, Jeff
Jr. Wiliingboro, N.J.
Mann, Mike
Fr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Marwood, Tom
Fr. Aurora, 0.
Matuscak, Bill
Jr. Maitland, Fla.
McAuley, Mike
Fr. Greenville, Pa.
McCleary, Chris
Jr. Bowie, Md.
McKelvey, Larry
Sr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mifsud, Fran
Fr. Marlton, N.J.
Miller, Bruce
So. Buffalo, N.Y.
Miller, Ron
Fr. Fairvlew, Pa.
•Parma, Andy
Fr. Falconer, N.Y.
Pearl, John
So. Vandergrift; Pa.
•Pera, Chris
Fr. Parma, 0.
•••Petard!, Ken
-Jr. .Pittsburgh, Pa,
Piccolomini, Vince
So. WesleyviUe, Pa,.
Quinn, Tom
Fr. NaugatocK, Ct.
•Ray, Mike
Sr. Orlanda Fla. ,
Re^, Tom
Fr. Erie, Pa.
Riddle,
Steve
Fr Jenkinlawn, Pa.
Reee^Greg
Jr. Eatomriltt, Fla.
RosidLJim
Fr. Buffaia,N.Y.
Rounds, Chris
Sr. PilHburf h, Pa.
RuszkiewicL Rick
Jr. Buffalo, N.Y.
•Shipley, Jeff
Fr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
••Shover, Rick
So. Buffalo, N.Y.
Skiles, Tim
Fr. Canonsburg, Pa.
Slaughter, Bob
Fr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
••Smith, Doug
Fr. Wickliffe, 0.
••Sobecki, Nick
Sr. Tonawanda, N.Y.
••Strozyk, Don
So. Tonawanda, N.Y.
Swanson, Barry
Fr. Buffalo, N.Y.
Swartz, Randy
So. Williamsville, N.Y.
Swiatek, Mark
Fr. Long Beach, N.Y.
•Teknipp, Jim
Fr. Richmond Hts., 0.
Teknipp, Paul
Fr. Twinsburg, 0.
Tevis, Pat
Fr. Delmar, Del.
Turk, Jim
So. Ambridge, Pa.
Veverka, Joe
Jr. Geneva, 0.
Wagner, Charles
Sr. Erie, Pa.
Wheeler, Lawrence
Fr. Sewickley, Pa.
Williams, Bob
Jr. Lockbort, N.Y.
Woo, Ron
Fr. Highland Hts., 0.
Young, John

POS. HT. WT.
WR/K5-9
160
K
6-2
190
DE 6-2
180
DT 6-1
225
TE 6-4 200
MG 6-4 182
OG 6-0 185
TE 6-3 205
WR 5-10 175
LB 6-1
200
MG 6-1
217
TB 5-6
175
OT 6-3 212
DB 6-3
185
FB 5-9 200
TE 6-2 205
LB 6-3 220
DB 6-1
180
QB 6-2 180
OT 6-3 210
SE 5-9
170
OG 5-11 205
DE 6-0 210
RB 5-10 180
OT 6-2 230
OG 6-1
211
K
5-8 158
OT 6-4 260
QB 6-0 185
LB 5-10'/^ 190
MG 6-0 205
DE 6-1
210
DB 5-9 175
TE 6-2 215
DT 6-1
210
LB 5-10 220
OT 6-4 230
FB 5-10 198
DB 5-m 165
DB 5-10 175
DT 6-3 230
OG 6-1
200
OG 6-1
220
QB 6-1
180
DB 5-9 175
OC 6-1
205
DE 6-1
190

CLASS HOMETOWN
Fr. Strongsville, 0.
Fr. Erie, Pa.
So. Bay Village, 0.
Fr. Leechburg, Pa.
Fr. Brecksville, 0.
Fr. Hamburg, N.Y.
Jr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
So. Madison, 0.
Jr. Canandaigua, N.Y.
So. Buffalo, N.Y.
So. Kittanning, Pa.
So. Erie, Pa.
Fr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Jr. New Eagle, Pa.
Sr. Conneaut, 0.
Fr. Maple Hts., 0.
So. Marilla, N.Y.
Sr. Euclid, 0.
Fr. N. Ridgevllle, 0.
So. Plattsburgh, N.Y,
So. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fr. Burgettstown, Pa.
Jr. Grove City, Pa.
Fr. Coraopolis, Pa.
So. Charleroi, Pa.
So. Williamsville, N.Y.
Fr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sr. Erie, Pa.
Sr. Mechanicsburg, Pa.
Fr. Ambridge, Pa.
Fr. Elyria, 0.
Jr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Jr. Dunkirk, N.Y.
Sr. Cheektowaga, N.Y.
Fr. Jamestown, N.Y.
Fr. Ravenna, 0.
So. Cheektowaga, N.Y.
Sr. Willoughby, 0.
Fr. East Lake, 0.
Jr. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fr. Mayfield Hts., 0.
So. Warren, 0.
So. Tonawanda, N.Y.
Fr. Williamsville, N.Y.
Fr. Rome, 0.
Fr. Solon, 0.
Fr. Cakmont, Pa.

THEFIGHTING SCOTS
*Varslty Letters
20

THE FIRST CHEVY OF THE ’80$. CITATION.
OUR MOST SUCCESSFUL NEW CAR EVER.
Ever since its introduction,
people have been flooding Chevy
showrooms across the country to
see the 1980 Chevy Citation. And
according to Retail Delivery
Reports, 33,765 units were sold
in its first three weeks, more than
any new entry Chevrolet has ever
Introduced.
MID-SIZB ROOM FOR 5.

Citation’s engine is
mounted sideways, so the
passenger compartment can be
bigger. In fact, in EPA interior
dimensions. Citation is classified
as a mid-size car. With the back
seat folded down there’s room
enough for two adults in front
and 30 bags of groceries in back.
O TO 50 IN 9 SECONDS PLAT
WITH THE AVAILABLE V6.

In engineering tests.
Citation goes from 0 to 50 in 9
seconds flat. That’s with available
2.8 Liter V6 engine and automatic
transmission, California figures
not available. (Citation is
equipped with GM-bullt engines
produced by various divisions.
See your dealer for details.)

^
EAST ON GAS.
^ EPA ESTIMATED MPG.
38 HIGHWAY ESTIMATE.

That’s with Citation’s
standard 2.5 Liter 4-cylinder
engine and manual
transmission, (Manual
transmission currently not
available in California. Calif,
estimates lower.)
Citation’s standard 4-speed
transmission Is made to conserve
gas. It’s an overdrive. And at
cruising speeds the 4th gear lets
the engine run slower than with a
conventional transmission,
helping to get impressive fuel
economy.
IMPRESSIVE LONG-RANGE
CRUISING ESTIMATES. TOO.

And Citation’s long-range
cruising estimates are just as
impressive. I3361miles based on
EPA estimated MPG (city) mileage
figures, and 532 miles based on
estimated highway MPG. Range
figures obtained by multiplying
Citation’s 14-gallon fuel tank
capacity rating by the EPA
mileage estimates.
REMEMBER: Compare the
circled estimated MPG to the
estimated MPG of other cars. You
may get different mileage and
range dependliig on your speed,
trip length and weather. Your
actual city mileage and range will
be less in heavy city traffic. Your
actual mileage will probably be

TOU*VE GOT TO DRIVE IT TO
BELIEVE IT.

When you drive Citation
you’ll see what all the excitement
is about. The way it feels. The way
it maneuvers. The way it rides.
And Citation’s front wheel drive
puts approximately 65% of its
weight over the “driving wheels”
to give you impressive traction on
wet or snowy roads.
IT’S A WHOLE NEW KIND OP
COMPACT CAR.

There’s still a lot about
Citation that we haven’t
mentioned. Like slip stream
design to cut down on wind
resistance and wind noise. The
hidden cargo area in all
hatchback models, so what’s
Inside is protected from view. A
dual diagonal braking system.
And much, much more. That’s
why we encourage you to see your
Chevy dealer and test drive the
1980 Chevy Citation today. This
could be the car you’ve had in
mind.

Cheer them I

“Coca-Cola” and “Coke” are registered trade-marks which identify the same product of The Coca-Cola Company.

EDINBORO STATE "Hghting Scots" (2 - 6)
Coach: Denny Creehan
FIGHTING SCOT OFFENSE
46 Tim Beacham...... ................WR
78 Mark Swiatek........................ LT
68 Tom Kisiday...........................LG
50 Rick Koschar ^...... -.............. C
(S'4^ Chris Ro#nfh./.':v^..Cvr.tf/;..RG
Utm Roiiek
RT
82 Bill Kruse................................ TE
83 Mike Arcarisi........................ WR
9 Rick Shover............................QB
36 Ron Houston ...........................FB
38 Steward Ayers........................TB
1 Rick Ruszkiewicz, K
3 Pat Comer, K
6 Duane Churma, WR
7 Ken Petardi, DB
8 Bob Gerthoffer, DB
9 Rick Shover, QB
10 Bob Jacobs, QB
11 Lawrence Wheeler, QB
12 Ron Miller, DB
14 Dan Allie, DB
15 Scott Lewandowski, DB
16 Vince Piccolomini, QB
20 David Cronen, DB
24 Nick Sobecki, DB
25 Darrell Hooker, DB
26 Randy Gilbert, WR
27 Tom Gierlak, WR

30 DanGierlaK
32 Steve Riddle, DE
33 Mike Ray, SE
35 Andy Parma, FB
36 Ron Houston, FB
38 Stewart Ayers, TB
40 Fran Mifsud, TB
41 Mike Abbiatici, DB
42 John Young, DE
43 Jim Teknipp, FB
44 Joe Early, RB
45 Don Strozyk, TE
46 Tim Beacham, WR
47 Rayfield Adams, FS
49 Brian Hassett, LB
50 Rick Koschar, C
51 Darv^Buchwach, MG

80
72
73
74
86
58
64
14

FIGHTING SCOT DEFENSE
Steve Butler........................ LE
Jim Collins........................... LT
Barry Swanson................... MG
Tom Greenstone.................. RT
Willie Curry......... .............. RE
Chris Pera............................ LB
Bob Cicerchi....................... LB
Dan Allie.................
LCB

V724- Ntek Sobecki

7 Ken Petardi.......................... SS
12 Ron Miller...................
FS
52
53
54
55
56
58
59
60
61
62
64
65
66
68

69
70
71

TimSkiles, LB
Phil Fagan, LB
Mike Garlick, C
Tom Bourne, C
JoeVeverka, OG
Chris Pera, LB
Larry McKelvey, MG
JimCardman, OG
Bob Slaughter, MG
Doug Smith, DE
Bob Cicerchi, LB
Charles Wagner, OG
Gary Greben, OG
Tom Kisiday, OG
Chris Rounds, OG
Tom Quinn, OT
Peter Butterini, DT

COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY, ERIE, PA.

72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

Jim Collins, DT
Barry Swanson, DT
Tom Greenstone, DT
Troy Carter, OT
Joe Long, OT
Jim Turk, DT
Mark Swiatek, OT
Jim Rosick, OT
Stephen Butler, DE
MikeMcAuley, WR
Bill Kruse, TE
Mike Arcarisi, WR
Chris Macri, DE
Jim Bocook, DE
86 Willie Curry, DE
87 Chris McCleary, LB
89 Bill Matuscak, TE

EiTivitliaCkdjGe.
Trade-mark®

INDIANA "Big Indians" (7-1)
BIG INDIAN OFFENSE
83 Terry Skelley....................... SE
79 Jeff Bishop........................... LT
76 Dan David............................ LG
73 John Haddad.......................... C
66 Marty Venzin....................... RG
74 Bruce Morgan..................... RT
83 Dan Burns............................ TE
10 Bob McFarland.................... QB
15 Stan Betters..........................FLK
40 Ed Gonzales.......................... TB
20 George Kelly........................ FB
10 Robert McFarland, QB
n Kenny Moore, QB
12 Fred Kuscavage, QB
13 Gene Hauze, P
14 Rick Thomas, QB
15 Stanley Betters, FLK
16 Mike Laughlin, QB
17 Kurt Bowers, K
18 Dave Matyas, DB
19 Mike Morell, DB '
21 Dave Zabroski, TB
22 Mark Whisner, S
23 Ron Laconi, DB
24 John Burlas, FLK
25 Jeff Heath, TB
26 William Chase, CB
27 Alan Nichol, DB

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Carl Robinson, TB 45
Bob Welde, CB
46
Brian Basile, DB
47
Ed Barnett, FB
48
Terry Totten, CB
49
Elton Jones, TB
50
Brian Reed, LB
52
Jim Crowley, HB
53
Matt Zema, FB
54
Mike Morelli, TB
55
Marc Paulina, TB
56
Mike Ladakos, FB 57
Ed Gonzales, TB
58
Steve Ellis, TB
59
Chuck Jerasa, FB
60
Mike Lesniewski, LB 61
Yulon Banks, TB
62

REFEREE....
OFFICIALS LINE JUDGE
BACK JUDGE

32 - 99uJL

^5^-4F
70
58
71
90
55
46
32
27
23
48

Coach: Owen Dougherty

BIG INDIAN DEFENSE

Joe
LE
Joe Cugliari.......................... LT
Terry Carroll......................... MG
Bob Wilson............................. RT
Scott Bohn............................... RE
John Link................................ LB
John Dugan ............................ LB
Terry Totten ...........................LCB
Alan Nichol............................. RCB
Hon h®eeni. ,dUL CA
... LS
Tom Gallagher..................
RS

63 Ken Shildt, C
jgff Maher, SE
Don Phillips, DB
64 Michael Sample, D 32 oave Novak, DE
John Dugan, DE
65 Phil Henry, MG
33 jerry Skelley, SE
Joe Gerek, DE
66 Martin Venzin, OG 35 jgff stahl, TE
Tom Gallagher, S
6fBrown, DE gg 7;^ McFadden, LB
Bill Banks, TB
68 Don Bair, OG
37 gjn PHossoph, TE
Rick Gaudino, C
69 Mark Hoenig, OG 33 poger Henderson, SE
Brian Coon, LB
70 Joseph Cugliari, D 39 Brian Neff, TE
Jim Welde, LB
Bob Reifschneider, LB 71 Robert Wilson, DT 93 g^ott Bohn, DE
72 Ed Horchar, DT
91 ^ate Turner, DE
John Link, LB
73 John Haddad, C
93 paniel Burns, TE
Rick Mamajek, MG
74 Bruce Morgan, OT 94 prank Scopetti, LB
John Demarest, LB
76 Dan David, OG
95 bih Allen, OT
Terry Carroll, MG
77 Joe Chiapetta, DT ^ John Ballein, LB
Bob Kane, LB
78 Jeff Osterman, OT 97 ^en Bergman, P
Kurt Johnson, OG
79 Jeffery Bishop, OT^9g joe Chiapetta, DT
Mike McAdoo, DT
80 Joe DeLise, FLK
Joseph Carl, FLK
Ben Lawrence, DT

John Dee Davis
.........Earl Birdy
...David London

FIELD JUDGE ...................... Eugene Hofmann
UMPIRE..................................Edward Manning
LINESMAN...................... Raymond Scheming
CLOCK ...................................^Robert Gillespie

In 1979 Honda sold its one millionth car in America.
Over 94 percent are still on the road. ______

BEfly3ESiB

We make it simple.
©1979 American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

TODAY'S FOE
INDIANA "BIG INDIANS"
NO.
NAME
95
Allen. Bill
68
Bair, Don
96
Ballein, John
49
Banks, Bill
44
Banks, Yulon
31
Barnett. Ed
30
Basile, Brian
97
Bergman, Ken
15
Betters, Stanley*
79
Bishop, Jeffrey
90
Bohn, Scott
17
Bowers, Kurt**
Brown, Kevin
67
24
Burlas, John
93
Borns, Daniel*
99
Carl, Jaseph
58
Carroll, Terry*
26
Chase, William*
98
Chiapetta, Jae
52
Coon, Brian
35
Crowley, Jim
70
Cugliari, Joseph**
76
David, Dan*
80
Delise, Jae
57
Demarest, John
46
Dugan, John**
41
Ellis, Steve
48
Gallagher, Tom*
50
Gaudino, Rick
47
Gerek, Joe*
51
Gianoni, Joe
40
Gonzales, Ed**
73
Haddad, John*
13
Hauze, Gene
25
Heath, Jeff
88
Henderson, Roger
65
Henry, Phil*
69
Hoenig, Mark
72
Horchar, Ed
42
Jerasa, Chuck
60
Johnson, Kurt
33
Jones, Elton
59
Kane, Bob
20
Kelly, George*
12
Kuscavoge, Fred*
23
Laconi, Ron
39
Lodokos, Mike
16
Loughlin, Mike
62
Lawrence, Ben
43
Lesniewski, Mike
55
Link, John**
81
Maher, Jeff
56
Mamajek, Rich
18
Matyas, Dave
61
McAdoo, Mike**
86
McFadden, Tim
10
McFarland, Robert'
11
Moore, Kenny
19
Morell, John
37
Morelli, Mike
75
Morgan, Bruce
89
Neff, Brian
27
Nichol, Alan
82
Novak, Dave
78
Osterman, Jeff
38
Paulina, Marc
45
Phillips, Don
87
Pilossoph, Bill*
34
Reed, Brian
84
Reifschneider, Bob
28
Robinson, Carl
64
Sample, Michael*
94
Scopetti, Frank
63
Shildt, Ken
83
Skelley, Terry*
85
Stahl, Jeff
74
Straka, Randy*
14
Thomas, Rick
32
Totten, Terry*
91
Turner, Nate
66
Venzin, Martin*
29
Welde, Bob
53
Welde, Jim
22
Whisner, Mark
71
Wilson, Robert*
21
Zabroski, Dave
36
Zema, Matt
* IndicatM L*t«mr» EariMd

POS.
OT
OG
LB
TB
TB
FB
DB
P
FL
OT
DE
K
DE
FL
TE
FL
MG
CB
DT
LB
HB
DT
OG
FL
LB
DE
TB
S
C
DE
C
TB
C
P
TB
SE
MG
OG
DT
FB
OG
TB
LB
FB
QB
OB
FB
QB
OT
LB
LB
SE
MG
DB
DT
LB
QB
QB
DB
TB
OT
TE
DB
DE
OT
TB
DB
TE
LB
LB
TB
DT
LB
C
SE
TE
OT
QB
CB
DE
OG
CB
LB
S
DT
TB
FB

WT.
220
205
185
168
175
193
173
175
182
220
193
195
230
165
185
175
215
170
204
175
145
250
205
170
210
205
175
190
210
200
212
165
220
180
162
168
205
250
218
195
185
170
217
190
170
J75
200
IBS

HT.
6-3
6-0
5-9
5-9
6-0
6-0
5-10
5-10
6-1
6-1
6-1
5-11
5-11
5-10
6-0
5-10
6-2
5-10
6-1
6-1
5-5
6-4
5-10
6-0
6-2
6-2
6-0
6-3
6-0
5-11
5-11
5-6
6-0
5-11
5-8
6-0 '
6-1
6-0
6-1
5-11
6-1
5-8
6-2
5-11
6-0
S-IO
S-lt
6-0
6-1
6-0
6-2
6-2
6-1
5-11
6-0
5-11
6-2
6-0
5-11
5-10
6-3
6-5
5-8
6-2
6-3
6-0
5-11
6-0
6-1
6-2
6-0
6-3
6-1
6-0
6-3
6-1
6-3
6-1
5-9
6-2
6-1
6-1
6-0
6-1
6-5
6-1
5-11

m
190
200
190
205
165
220
185
190
175
185
180
280
225
160
210
215
177
203
190
195
215
182
225
214
180
190
200
223
190
180
190
215
182
195
180
220
198
185

25

YR.
FR
FR
FR
FR
SO
SO
SO
FR
SO
SR
SO
JR
FR
SO
SO
FR
SO
SR
FR
FR
FR
JR
SO
FR
SO
SR
FR
JR
FR
JR
FR
SR
SR
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FR
FR
FR
SO
FR
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SO
SR
JR
FR
FR

m
SR
SO
FR
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FR
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SO
SO
SO
FR
SO
SO
JR
FR
SR
FR
SO
SO
JR
FR
SR
JR
SO
SR
JR
FR
FR

HOME TOWN
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WATERFORD STREET

EDINBORO, PENNSYLVANIA 16412

27

Life more thsin footbcill to Patemo
When Penn State’s football team
was trouncing Arizona State in the
Fiesta Bowl at Tempe, Arizona, on
Christmas Day of 1977, David Paterno
sat in the stands with a patch over one
eye fully capable of enjoying what he
saw out of the other eye. The very fact
that the 11-year-old son of Penn
State’s head football coach, Joe Pa­
terno, wag in Tempe that day with his
father and mother and sisters and
brothers and his favorite football team
was cause for a very happy Christmas
Day for the Paternos. They nearly lost
David because of an accident in midOctober—just two months earlier.
On October 14, David Paterno and
some of his buddies were bouncing
around on an old trampoline on the
stage of their State College, Pa., gram­
mar school. The trampoline was too
near the front edge of the auditorium
stage. David made a bouncing leap on
the often dangerous piece of equip­
ment and when he came down he
missed the trampoline. He also missed
the stage floor and fell to the floor of
the auditorium a couple of feet below
stage level. He landed on his head.
The next few days were long ones of
horror for Joe Paterno, his wife Sue
and the entire Paterno family. David
was knocked unconscious, suffered a
serious concussion and did not regain
consciousness for several days. For Joe
and Sue it was a time to see just what
means the most in this world.
David was injured on the eve of the
Penn State-Syracuse football game,
which traditionally has been the mid­
season big game for both teams. But
Joe Paterno remained with his wife
and family at the hospital where their
son was fighting for his life—a much
more important fight than one on a
football field.
Coach Paterno turned over the di­
rection of his team to Bob Phillips, his
primary assistant football coach. The
Penn State team, which always travels
to its Saturday road games rather late
on Friday, went without its head
coach. The team was told he would
join them in Syracuse later. The ac­
cident had taken place just before
noon that Friday morning in David’s
school. By the time the team left for
Syracuse, David was in intensive care
at the hospital with Joe and Sue waiting outside his room for word.
Saturday morning the Penn State
players learned of the accident and
before the game, Phillips told the team
that David had taken a turn for the
worse. He said it did not look like
Paterno would be able to make it to

the game. Joe Paterno had arranged
for a plane to get him to Syracuse if
David was out of danger. He was not
that Saturday—nor was he Sunday or
Monday or even Tuesday.
Phillips told the players before the
game, “He (Joe Paterno) doesn’t want
you to think about his situation, just
play the game you’re capable of play-

ing. You don’t have to win the game
for him or David or anything like that.
Just win it for yourselves.”
Jimmy Cefalo, Penn State’s wingback, described the pregame meeting
room as “unusually quiet that day.”
“We had no selfish Concerns about
playing without Paterno at the game.
We knew that he had prepared us well
enough in practice that week. The
solemnity came from our concern for
David and the man we respected.”
Cefalo recalled, “Joe told us ‘while
the game was going on I was in a
waiting room right next to my son’s
room, listening on a radio. The doctors
said that they thought David was
doing fine. It looked like we were out of
the woods and we (the team) were
ahead by a couple of touchdowns. As
soon as Syracuse started coming back
the doctor came into the room and
said that David’s condition had begun
to deteriorate. I left the room as soon
as Hurley (Bill Hurley, the Syracuse
quarterback) threw that bomb in the
fourth quarter. It wasn’t until several
hours after the game that I found out
we had won. At times like that, you
start to reevaluate your life and put
your priorities in order.”
Paterno married when he was 36 and
everyone at Penn State was worried he
>.

28

was going to become a life-long bache­
lor. But the former Sue Pohland, a
Penn State student when they first
met, ended bachelor life for Joe and
they have been raising a wonderful
family of five children—Diane Lynne
(15), Mary Kathryn (13), David (born
July 1, 1966), Joseph Jr. (9), and
George Scott (5).
They are well liked and their chil­
dren are very popular. The Paternos,
you might say, are the example of a
well-adjusted family despite the spot­
light of constant publicity.
Sue Paterno told a friend in Tempe
about the experience of David’s ac­
cident. She said, “Joe and I came much
closer together during this terrible
time. You might expect that in two
parents. But the greatest thing out of
this, if anything can be good, is that
the other children joined us in drawing
close together to be a family tightly
protecting itself and warding off any
threats. We were scared we would lose
David. We had nothing to turn to but
God and ourselves. God protected us
and we came out much stronger for it.”
Neither Sue nor Joe Paterno are
persons who carry their personal feel­
ings or religious beliefs on their
sleeves, exposed to the public as is the
case with some nationally prominent
families these days. They are, despite
public attention, a very private family
most of the time.
But during that October weekend of
horror for David and the Paterno
family, expressions of sympathy
poured into Penn State from all over
the country. Even hard-bitten news­
papermen, who have covered Paterno
and Penn State for years, prayed for
David. Other football coaches did the
same and the entire Penn State com­
munity seemed to think more about
the Paternos than about the Syracuse
football game.
David was slow to recover fully. It
wasn’t until just a week before the trip
to Tempe, Arizona, for the Fiesta Bowl
game that the doctors gave permission
for David to join the family and the
team on the trip to Arizona.
David and Christmas joy were much
more important to Sue that bright
sunny and warm football day in Ari­
zona than was a game. Of course, by
this time Joe was back to talking
mostly football. He was overjoyed
with the performance of his team in
the Fiesta Bowl.
But the day before the Fiesta Bowl,
Joe Paterno said, “We’re a lucky fami­
ly. For the skeptics out there, it is
obvious that prayers are answered.”

le Goodyear American
Radial tire is as revolutoday as our first
ord tire was in 1938
r Polyglas in 1967
? Polysteel Radial when
ced in 1974.
hat makes the America:
ladial the tire for today

Bombs? Runbacks! You'll see the best of them all
again this year. During the new fall series of half-time
Fireman's Fund Flashbacks on ABC-TV, NCAA football.
They're brought to you on behalf of your local independent
insurance agents. The very independent men and women
who don't work for us—or any
other insurance company—
but call tiielr own signals
to get you the very best
. insurance coverage for your
- particular needs. Get in
on the play. Check
your focal newspaper for
^
^
the ABC4i{ NCAA
“
1
games in your
area.
.

‘ AMP I ID
PMP

^

■■PI

'iwrl^ I I iL

C3D^

FDRMATIOI#i
by FratA Boggs, Colorado SUN

(fv
■jil '"iifc

/

CJ^ f

fo

4
V

0"mS

He are a people who have grown up
in

formations.

That

first

IL

anful

learned d
morning in the first grade the teacher
warned all us sniffling children that until we
ine up like little ladies and gentlemen there
would be no recess. We^d no more mastered

^

#IJ|L

P
:

M^

i

that than some army drill sergeant told us
^
how we'd march to the mess hall. We met a
W
girl and tm preacher told us how to march
^
down the JBsfe. When we parked at the stadium today there was a guy telling us
not to cutjhe engine until we'd inched up a fraction more. Cars must be in
formation^ you know.
So^ it hai^ly is surprising that college football teams can do nothing until
lining up iri some sort offormation. In fact; it sometimes seems there are as
manyform^ons as teams.
There is fie l^er and the Wishbone and the I and the Pro Set and the Multiple
and the Delaware Wing T and somewhere the grandfather offormations called
the Single
Then; depending upon the teacher; there are more variations
o.
continued on of
30t
all those fo^nations than there are pompon girls. Football is the only sport
knoivn that can get along by using only two letters of our alphabet—the x ^nd

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41% BETTER EPA ESTIMATED
EXCmNG PONTIAC PHOENIX

What a difference a model year can make.
Thats all its taken for our all new 1980 Pontiac
Phoenix to score 41 percent better EPA esfimafed MPG

I
%

1

^

over its 1979 counterpart.
(Based on a comparison of
1979 and 1980 Pontiac
Phoenix models with
standard powertrains.*

The highway percentage
increase is 42 percent.)
EPA
tSTTMATTMPc
HWY
ESTIMATE
11 s a 11 the more exciti ng
EPA BTtMATtMPC
HWY ESTIMATE
when you consider these
1980 Phoenix mileage estimates.
Remember: Compare the circled esfimafed MPG with
that of other cars. Your mileage may vary depending on
speed, trip length and
weather. And your actual
highway mileage will
probably be less than the
highway estimate.
Standard powertrain not
currently avail, in Calif.
But great
mileage
h hhh|

i i

TO THE

just the beginning of the excitement. Phoenix for 1980
has been dramatically redesigned from the ground up.
Choose from the rakish new five-passenger Phoenix
Coupe and the sporty and versatile Phoenix Hatchback.
You get an exciting new chapter of Pontiac driving
fun. With front-wheel drive. Rack and pinion steering.
And AAacPherson strut front suspension.
Another exciting thought. You get even more stan­
dard features than on our well-equipped 79 Phoenix.
Such new standards as radial tuned suspension, integral
body-color bumpers, column-mounted dimmer/washer
switch, dome lamp switches on all the doors, load floor
Hatchback carpeting and much more.
That's more Pontiac.
So don t let the excitement pass you by. Buy or lease
Ethe all new Phoenix Coupe and Hatchback at you
Pontiac dealer's. It's going to be quite a year.
Phoenix is equipped with GM-built engines
_
■■IIH BjjE
BjjE
H

produced
produced by
by
various
various divisions.
divisions.
See your dealer
^or details.

rALLON

Wfi

continued from 271

Largely due to television, we hear
more about formations today than ever.
But if anybody ever stopped just briefly
to describe how they are supposed to
work, it has been so long ago we have
forgotten. And, by now, it is not consid­
ered socially proper to ask. How can a
lovely lady with two children be called
a good mother when she is not even
sure about the blocking assignments

a good blocker and good pass receiver.
The Triple-Option Veer was made prom­
inent by Houston Coach Bill Yeoman,
who has described it as "A football sys­
tem in which the quarterback either
hands off to a diving halfback, keeps
possession himself, pitches out to the
other halfback, or passes the ball.”
The quarterback, obviously, is impor­
tant. The more speed he has, the better.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
o o c
® o o

1

o
o
Going into iast season, the i formation was the most wideiy used by coiiege teams.

when the Veer quarterback elects to
pass? ,
To fulfiE tier role as a swell Mom, to
assure the fellow with her of being a
Dear Old Dad, and to make all of us
better citizens, we will go at once to the
formations and a few notes on what
supposedly makes them tick:
The Veer—The fullback should be a
strong runner. The tight end should be
30t

It is nice, of course, for the interior
linemen to be rated superior, but in the
Veer the offense can be efficient if those
linemen are not of super stature.
The Wishbone—The quarterback had
best be a durable lad, because a defen­
der often strikes him down at about the
same instant he is pitching the football
to a halfback. There is more premium
placed on the backs having the ability

to block. The Wishbone is not consid­
ered a passing formation, yet a quarter­
back who can throw is an added worry
for the defense.
The I Formation—There are numer­
ous variations, but two basic I's. One is
the power-type I. It features the sweep.
And the sprint draw pass usually is a
key in all I offenses.
'The I quarterback,” says a Rocky
Mountain area coach, “is not a primary
ball-carrier, therefore, you can get away
with using a quarterback who has less
foot-movement.” Not as speedy, in other
words.
The Pro Set—Most of these forma­
tions feature the dropback pass, trap
plays, draws, screens, maybe a sweep.
Players can line up similarly to the Veer,
but they don’t run the option plays.
It, too, is a quarterback-oriented for­
mation. It is necessary to have good
receivers, a talented tight end, a good
pass-blocking line. It doesn’t hurt to
have a good back in the cast.
Delaware Wing T—The backs are sort
of spread out, like the lower branches of
a Christmas tree. A lot of small colleges
run it; several Eastern teams use it. One
reason for its effectiveness is the fact it
is not seen regularly; therefore, it can be
more of a problem for a defense.
The Single Wing—You have heard
grand-daddy talk about this one. It’s
more easily spotted because the quar­
terback isn’t kneeling there against the
south side of his center.
The back who takes the snap runs
into a hole. However, if the hole is not
there, it is suggested you make one. The
Single Wing is much more difficult to
locate than tickets on the 50, but a few
teams still rely on it. One Division III
team with excellent successes still
makes it work.
When you mix a little of this wdth
some of that you wind up running what
is called—and rightly so—a Multiple
offense. And we are seeing more of that
today as coaches continually attempt to
stay one step ahead of the defense.
A Big Eight Conference coach says,
“More points are being scored each
year and people are trying to combat
that by putting their best people on de­
fense. But, the contradiction to that is
when you have that great, exceptional
back.”
The man in charge of statistical data
for the NCAA has conducted surveys to
determine which teams prefer which
offenses. He says it is becoming in­
creasingly difficult to gauge accurately
because, while a team may say it oper­
ates out of the Wishbone, it uses so
many other variations that it cannot
truly be called a dedicated Wishbone
team.

continued

continued
ABOUT THE AUTHOR-Frank Boggs is a sports columnist for the Oklahoma Publishing Company. His columns appear in The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City Times
and Colorado Springs Sun. He attended both the University of Oklahoma and Central State University.

A year ago this human computer
glued together stats of six previous sea­
sons and found that Wishbone teams
were winning 58.2 percent of the time;
Multiple offense teams 53.7; and I’s 51.3;
the Veers 50.7; the Pro Sets 44.0 and the
others 49.5.
“It needs to be said one more time;"
he wrote in an NCAA information sheet;
"Formations don't win gameS; players
do.”
He makes another point for thought:
“The more uncertain your personnel;
the more inventive you must be. That’s
why many offensive ideas originate at
the high school level; are popularized by
the colleges; then picked up by the pros.
For instance; the I was used by a high
school coach in Texas a decade or more
before colleges had major success with
it. Now the pros use it and some call it
the Pro I.
All formations; no matter how bril­
liant their teacher can come to nil with
the nasty fumble. And we all have
watched enough football to know that
the trickier the offense the more
likelihood of the fumble. Right?
Not based on our Kansas City human
computer.
“CoacheS; television color men and
broadcasters are fond of telling us that
college football’s triple-option offenses
lose the ball more often on fumbles be­
cause of all that split-second ball­
handling by a quarterback on the
move;’’ he says.
"Sorry, gentlemen, but it’s just not
true. The fumble odds are virtually the
same no matter what offense you use.”
He conducted a two-year survey on
this subject in the early 1970s. It cov­
ered 731 games played by triple-option
major schools, 454 games involving the
Veer and 277 involving the Wishbone. It
included another 1,921 games played by
the majors using all the other known
offenses.
Statistics showed: There was one lost
fumble for every 28.9 rushes. Triple­
option teams lost one fumble for every
28.8 rushes, all the others one for every
29.0.
And his work showed that Wishbone
teams actually were the safest against
the fumble, losing only one fumble for
every 29.8 rushes. The Veers coughed it
up once for every 28.2. His reasoning:
Maybe the Wishbone teams practice
their formation more.
Again, surveys of which teams bank
on what can be slightly misleading be­
cause some schools don’t truly rely on
the formation, always, that they identify
with.
But, going into last season, the most

32t

The Pro Set gives the passer two deep targets In the wide receivers and two backs
for blocking protection or for use on a safety valve pass.
popular formation was the I. An NCAA
count showed 50 teams would run out
of the I, 34 from the Veer, 26 from the
Multiple, 16 from the Pro Set, nine from
the Wishbone, and only four from the
“other" classification.
For every offensive coach who sits up
late at night with a sick blackboard,
somewhere there is a defensive coach
sitting up, too. That probably explains,
as well as anything, the wide variations
seen in collegiate football.
It also likely explains how surprised
we sometimes al^by the plays called in

college football.
“Actually,” says a coach from the
Rocky Mountain range, “football forma­
tions are not as difficult as the public
has been led to believe.
“What you do is this: The center is
the guy who kneels down over the ball.
He hands the ball to the quarterback,
who takes the snap and begins the se­
quence.
“And then you see what the excite­
ment of college football is all about."

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EDINBORO LAUNDRY
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Phone 734-1214

RON MILLER - DB

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PHONE (814) 398-4645

WELCOME STUDENTS OF EDINBORO STATE COLLEGE
For your dining and relaxing pleasure, try the Riverside Inn, five miles
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TlfTIE OF

The Key to Success
by Paul Attner, Washington POST

He is old and weathered and he
walks with a slight limp. “Old
football injury,” he explained.
“Couldn’t get out of the way of play on
the sidelines one day and got my knee
banged up. Never was quick on my
feet.”
But he hadn’t been a fabulously suc­
cessful college football coach because of
nimble feet. His mind—that had always
been the key. He could dissect defenses
like a surgeon delicately repairing an
ailing heart, and they say his intermis­
sion adjustments were so precise and
so effective that opponents never felt
comfortable even with a threetouchdown halftime lead.
He had been a charter member of the
old school of coaching before his col­
lege’s board of regents finally forced
him to retire. He hated the forward
pass, about as much as he hated his
school’s No. 1 rival. “Why work at giving
up the football so fast?” he would say
about passing. Ah, but give him a
fullback with strong hands and a front
line that resembled Sherman tanks and
he was in football heaven.
The reason: ball control. “Oh, they
call it time of possession nowadays,” he
said, contempt in his tone. “New fangled terms. Those TV guys, they like fool­
ing around with such things. Impres­
sive to the listeners, I guess.
“But sonny, let me tell you. Whatever
you call it, it comes down to the same
thing. You can’t score unless you havfe
the ball. The more you have the ball, the
more you have a chance to score. The
more you score, the more you win.'
He paused. “Follow me?”
I told him yes, but 1 really didn’t
agree completely. But that’s why I had
rhade this journey to his home. I had
been indoctrinated in the gospel of the
big play after watching the way
wishbones and veers and wide-open
passing attacks had turned college
football into Saturday Afternoon Ex­

A running back with good hands gives his team an edge in time of possession.

citement. Yet some things bothered me
about this whole area of time of posses­
sion and ball control, and I wanted to
have a friendly debate with him on this
warm summer day.
“Coach,” I began, “I remember seeing
a game last year when this team just
took the ball and ground out yard after
yard, and moved up and down the field.
But everytime it got near the goal line, it
would fumble, or there would be a pen­

alty and the drive would end.
“The Other team hardly touched the
football, but one guy ran baqk a punt 75
yards to score, and they had one decent
drive themselves, and they won the
game.
“Statistically, they should have lost.
The other club ran off almost twice as
many plays, had the ball for 20 more
minutes, but it didn’t matter.”

continued on 38t

3St

KM]

A FOOTBALL LEGEND
•

The worth of the Heisman Trophy, annually
awarded to the best col­
lege football player in the
nation, is so well established
that no testimonials are nec­
essary. Millions of words
stand to be penned about all
the Heisman hopefuls, but it
would be a safe bet that not
many will be written about
John William Heisman, the
man for whom the Trophy
was named. This slight will
be unfortunate because Mr. Heisman is
definitely a football figure worthy of far
more public recognition than he has
received. In his book. Football's Greatest
Coaches, Edwin Pope claims that
“Heisman ranked only behind Amos
Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner and Walter
Camp as a contributor to the game we
know today.’’
Heisman’s foo^hall career began at
Brown University in 1887. For three
years, through 1889, Heisman anchored
the Brown line as a 158 lb. center, living
in dread of being buried by 220 lb.
linemen. Despite his size football must
have agreed with the gutty Heisman be­
cause he transferred to the University of
Pennsylvania where he closed out his
playing days with two years (1890-’91)
on the Quaker forward wall as a tackle,
36t

center and end. Heisman thus became
one of the first men to receive letters
from two colleges, a not uncommon
practice in later years.
J.W eventually d^d take the first steps
toward gainful employment when he
entered law school, but the lure of the
pigskin was overwhelming and in 1892
he returned to his native Ohio to as­
sume the head coaching respon­
sibilities at Oberlin College. Only 23,
Heisman had the benefit of the best Ivy
League tutelage (although the Ivy
League wasn’t officially formed until
1954). Heisman had learned well; in his
first year he guided Oberlin’s Yeomen to
a perfect record.
For the next two seasons “Old John
W’’ coached at^Buchtel (now Akron) and
then back to Oberlin. His off seasons

I

were occupied with Shakes­
pearean acting and he en­
joyed using his flair for exag­
gerated stage English during
his chalk board sessions. On
the opening day of fall prac­
tice, for instance, he would
hold up a football and de­
scribe it as “a prolate
spheroid—that is, an elon­
gated sphere—in which the
outer leathern casing is
drawn tightly over a some­
what smaller rubber tubing,’’
adding “better to have died as a small
boy than to fumble this football.”
In 1895 Heisman planted his roots in
the South, accepting the head coaching
job at Alabama Polytechnic Institute,
now Auburn. Winning 13 and losing
only 3 games in his five years at A.PL,
Heisman moved on to Clemson in 1900.
He ‘coached four seasons for the Tigers,
once again losing only three while ac­
cumulating 20 victories, including two
drubbings of Georgia Tech, 44-5 and
73-0. The humiliation for the Yellowjackets was too much and for an increase
of $50 over his Clemson salary the En­
gineers had Heisman as their first paid
football coach.
Following the 1919 season Heisman
returned to the Bed and Blue of

continued on45t

■V

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POSSESSION
He smiled. "That’s why there is a dif­
ference between ball control and time
of possession," he said. "When I talk
about ball control, I mean utopia. I do
what I want to the other guy’s defense,
exploit weaknesses, keep moving, and
never turn the ball over.
"You can’t make mistakes, either
through fumbles or interceptions, or
through mental lapses. See, fans think
the only mistakes are the ones they can
see—a fumble, an interception, a
missed tackle in the wide-open field.
But there is more to it than that. A guy
can miss a blocking assignment, or a
back can run to the wrong hole. You
can’t see that from upstairs in a seat,
but we know it’s happening on the
field.
"It’s like spending days painting a
portrait, then forgetting to put in the
face. You’ve got to have a complete pic­
ture to really understand what posses­
sion and control means.
"I realize I’m talking about perfect
football, and that is only a dream. But if
you are fundamentally sound and you
teach and coach perfection, you can
turn control into victories.”
He was warming up to the subject
now. He leaned forward in his chair,
clutched his hands, and began talking
about history.
"As sure as I’m an American, I’ll bet
you that the top clubs over the past five
or 10 years are the ones who eat up the
clock the most, and turn over the ball
the least. You are going to have an ex­
ception, one of those veer or wishbone
teams with those sprinters in football
uniforms who could make anyone a
good coach. Get them free, and boom,
they are gone.
"But there is a fundamental weak­
ness, I think, in people’s concept of the
wishbone. It isn’t really a big-play of­
fense, at least as it has evolved now. De­
fenses can defend it better than before,
so the wishbone is like any other good
^round-briented offense. It works when
you move it consistently and keep your
mistakes down to a minimum.”
I didn’t want to tell him that a statis­
tician I. knew once did an informal
study dbout turnovers. He claims they
are the key to winning; he found that
teams that turned the ball over the least
in games won 65 to 75 percent of the
time.
But another statistician friend will bet
his mortgage on something entirely dif­
ferent. -He says the clubs that win are
the ones that give up the fewest points.
Year after year, the top-ranked colleges
also are usually rated among the stin­
giest in surrendering points.
Evidently, the coach had some
friends of his own who had done a little
research. He reached into his pants

38t

continued from 35t

A smart quarterback can eat up the clock by flooding the field with receivers.

pocket and pulled out a sheet of paper.
"Okay young fella, let me get into this a
little deeper. The NCAA folks in Shaw­
nee Mission (Kans.) took a look at the
winningest teams in college football the
last five years and came up with some
pretty interesting findings.
"First of all, the top four clubs were
strictly running teams. In fact, they all
ranked among the top five in rushing
the last five years. Only one of them
ranked out of the top 10 in turnovers,
and that club was 11th. See the pattern
forming here?
"Let’s take it further. Of those four
clubs, only one ranked outside the top
10 in fewest points allowed over five
years. The other three, well, they were
the top three in fewest points allowed.
And that one club made up for its de­
fensive problems by causing a lot of
turnovers. It was in the top 10 in some­
thing the NCAA folks call turnover mar­
gin. They tell me that shows the
number of turnovers you have, sub­
tracted from the number you cause.
"I’ll be fair about this. In the top 10
winningest clubs, there was one pass­
ing team and another that was so bal­
anced it finished far down the list in
both passing and running. But there are
exceptions to eveiy rule, so don’t hold
me to them.”
He was calm now, so I figured I’d
drop a bomb. "Coach,” I said quietly, "I
know a coach, a good one, who thinks
he can control the game by passing.
And he’s sane, really.”
There was no response, so I con­
tinued. "He says that when you run a
wishbone, for example, you put ulti­
mate pressure on a defense because
you make them cover so many options.
Well, he says h'fe^can do the same thing

through passing.
"He says that by putting receivers in
the flat, and over the middle, and deep,
and swinging out of the backfield, he
has so many options that the defense
has to cover all of them. All he needs is
an intelligent quarterback who will fol­
low assignments and he can move the
ball down the field, throw low-risk pas­
ses, eat up the clock, and win.”
The old man surprised me. He didn’t
immediately reject the concept. Instead,
it seemed he thought it was a good
idea, but something he would never
have tried.
"The safest thing in football is to
hand the ball off and let a guy run,” he
said. "When you throw it, a guy can
drop it, it can be intercepted, or you
may never get the pass off. I’m too con­
servative for that.
"But that coach and I aren’t really far
off in our thinking. To both of us, time
of possession and ball control mean
nothing unless there is an end result.
"That result is getting the ball into
the end zone, not turning it over veiy
much, and making sure you play good
enough defense so you don’t get
burned by big plays.
'See, everyone thinks they have the
instant formula for success. It still
comes down to blocking and tackling,
the fundamentals, execution.
"Give me those things and then give
me the ball for the majority of the game
and I’ll be a winner. The other guy can’t
score if he doesn’t have the ball, and he
can’t keep me from scoring if I can outblock him and outwork him. ”
He laughed. "The way 1 carry on,
maybe one of these days, they’ll sign me
up as a TV commentator. And then let ’em
ask me about time of possession.” ^

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t

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by Joe Doyle, South Bend TRIBUNE
The Cotton Bowl stadium clock read
"0:02.” And it was down to one
play for Notre Dame.
The Irish trailed Houston, 34-28. It
had been 34-12 with just over seven
minutes left.
Quarterback Joe Montana looked to
the bench. He got a wave of a hand
from his coach. Montana, still looking
for assurance, signalled the lone, last
play he was to call. His coach nodded.
In the huddle, the senior quarterback
took his time. This was to be the last
play of his college career.
"Split right, 71 on two,” Montana told
his teammates. His center hunched
over the ball for the last college snap of
his career, and slapped the ball upward
into Montana’s chilled but eager hands.
The clock ticked to "0:01,” and then
to zeroes.
Montana took his three-step drop,
rolling slightly right. Split end Kris
Haines spurted quickly into the end
zone and cut sharply right and toward
the front corner of the end zone. Mon­
tana rifled the ball low and outside.
Haines clutched it and fell to the end
zone turf.
The official watched Haines clutch
the ball, looked quickly to the chalk
stripe on the sideline and raised his
hands. "Touchdown!”
A miracle? A long-time Irish football
histbrian, who watched his first Notre
Dame game shortly after the turn of the
century, joshed that "it was a genuine
miracle. Never before had Notre Dame
staged such a rally. ”
It wasn’t exactly a miracle. Last min­
ute finishes never are. All of them—and
there are many every season in college
football—are a matter of poise, practice
and execution, particularly practice.
From mid-season on, in almost every
practice, that winning Cotton Bowl play
had been rehearsed. "Throw it low and
outside, low and outside,” the winning
coach repeatedly told his quarterback.
The idea was to get the ball where a
defender couldn’t knock it away without
interfering.
Then, sure enough, when it was
needed, the play worked to perfection.
This wasn't the first time a team had
won with 0:00 on the clock. Nor, for that
matter, was it the first time a major
bowl game had been settled in the final
seconds.
One of the most famous frantic
finishes of recent seasons came in the
1969 Orange Bowl.

Minnesota’s Paul Rogind is no stranger to final second victories.

Kansas led Penn State, 14-7, and had
the ball in the closing minutes of a great
defensive struggle. Then Nittany Lion
All-America defensive tackle Mike Reid
dropped Kansas quarterback Bobby
Douglass for consecutive losses on sec­
ond and third down, forcing a Kansas
punt. The Lions partially blocked the
punt and took over at the 50-yard line
with 1:16 to play.
Quarterback Chuck Burkhart lofted a
pass that Bobby Campbell carried to the
Jayhawk three-yard line. Two line
plunges came up short before Burkhart
carried around left end for a touch­
down that narrowed the Kansas lead to
14-13.
Burkhart’s pass for the two-point
conversion was incomplete, but Kansas
was detected with 12 men on the field.
Given a second chance, Burkhart
handed the ball to Campbell, who dove
across for the winning points. The thril­
ling, come-from-behind 15-14 victory
gave Penn State an 11-0 record and kept
alive a Nittany Lion winning streak that
eventually reached 23 games.
One on the NCAA’s vdzards of re­
search keeps an account of such final
second finishes. His figures show that
these games don’t always involve Notre
Dame or Penn State. Final second
heroics are part of college football and
teams across the land have won—or
lost—in the final seconds.
Late in the 1978 season, the li'ojans of
use were involved in a heart-stopping
victory which thrust the spotlight on
placekickei- Frank Jordan.

The Trojans were well ahead of the
Irish in the 1978 version of this great
intersectional rivalry, but the Irish ral­
lied to go ahead, 25-24, with 0:46 re­
maining.
use roared back with a combination
of short and long passes to bring the
clock to 0:06. Suddenly, it was time for
soccer-style kicker Jordan, no sti’angei’
to final second pi-essure, to make his
field goal attempt. He kicked dead cen­
ter through the uprights. The clock
showed 0:02 seconds, just time enough
for a kickoft. Another last second miracle.
For Jordan, of coui se, this last second
heroic was old hat—or shoe. A year ear­
lier he had literally kicked UCLA out of
the Rose Bowl, and Washington in.
UCLA had all but wrapped up the
conference championship and a Rose
Bowl berth. The Bruins were leading
the IFojans when a pass, a ticking clock
and another pass set the Trojans up for
a field goal. The clock ran to under 10
seconds when Jordan booted another
beauty, with once again two seconds
left. That seems like a favorite time to
get things done.
Jordan isn’t the only late game hero
in the Trojan record book. In 1931
Johnny Baker booted a field goal to
beat, yes, the Irish with 1:00 remaining.
And in the 1939 Rose Bowl, playing
against an undefeated and untied Duke
team, unheralded Doyle Nave passed to
Frojan Al Krueger with 0:40 lemaining
to defeat the Blue Devils 7-3.
Last season alone tliere were 114

continued
41t

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THE FINAL SECONDS
continued

games decided in the last 7V2
minutes—and three on the last play of
the game. Fifteen games in all were won
in the last 10 seconds.
Virginia Tech defeated William &,
Mary 22-19, on a last play pass; Arkan­
sas State nipped McNeese State, 6-3, on
a game ending field goal, and San Jose
State might have made some people
mad when it beat Pacific, 33-31, on a
last-play pass and didn’t even try the
extra point.
And UCLA nipped Stanford, 27-26, by
getting a field goal with 27 seconds left
on the clock and dovmed Oregon,
23-20, on a running play with 1:45.
Minnesota Gopher fans have a return­
ing final second specialist in Paul
Rogind. Last season the Gophers nip­
ped Indiana, 32-31, on Rogind’s 31-yard
field goal at 0:02. That capped a rally
from a 24-0 defecit. In 1977, Minnesota
and Rogind beat Western Michigan,
10-7, on an 18-yard kick with 0:03 left
and a few weeks later beat Washington,
19-17, on a 32-yard field goal at 0:05.
Football in the 1970s has been full of
these down-to-the-wire games. On the
cliff-hanger list from 1971 are 113 games.
Four of them were decided on the last
play, including a 24-23 Washington State

West Virginia’s Danny Buggs gave his team
a win with eight seconds ieft in 1973.

upset of Rose Bowl bound Stanford. In
1972, the list dropped to 83 and only
Louisiana State’s 17-16 victory over Mis­
sissippi happened as the game ended.
’Fhere were three 1973 games won on
the last play. The most exciting of that
year was a 69-yard punt return by
Danny Buggs of West Virginia to beat
Maryland, 20-13, with eight seconds left.

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In 1974, there were 114 furious
finishes.
'
The list climbed to 125 in 1975. Five
games were won on the last play.
Things cooled off a bit to a mere 105
cliff-hangers in 1976, but it was back to
119 in 1977, none won on the last play.
But in the Southwest, fans are still
talking about Southern Methodist’s
37-23 victory over Houston that year.
Coach
Bernie
Meyer’s
Mustangs
erupted for an incredible 20 points in
the final 39 seconds.
Cornerback David Hill blocked a
Cougar field goal attempt which led to
an 80-yard scoring drive by the Mus­
tangs with 39 seconds left. Then the
Coog quarterback fumbled for a Mus­
tang recovery at the Coog 2 and on the
next play Tennel Atkins scored with 16
seconds left. Finally, as the clock ran
out, D.K. Perry intercepted a pass and
scored from the Houston 27.
Last minute heroics—we’re bound to
see more of them in 1979.
So, football fans, don’t leave the
stadium until the final seconds have
ticked off the clock ... and even then
wait around to make sure that last play
with no time showing doesn’t make the
difference.
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JOHMH€ISfYMM

continued from 36t
Pennsylvania for three seasons and then
went to Washington and Jefferson for
only the 1923 campaign. Heisman
couldn’t recapture the glory of his early
years and his last job as an active coach
was at Rice Institute, where J.W com­
pleted only three years of a five-year
contract. At the age of 60, in 1927, J.W
Heisman finished his career as an active
coach.
Thirty-five years of head coaching
should alone qualify Heisman for foot­
ball immortality, but in those years,
mostly the early ones, his accom­
plishments abound with innovations
now considered an integral part of the
game. A few of the Heisman introduc­
tions to football include:
1. The center snap. Prior to Heisman the
ball was rolled from the center to the
quarterback.
2. The scoreboard listing downs, yar­
dage and other pertinent points.
3. The "hike” or “hep” vocal signals for
starting play.
4. Interference on end runs.
5. Putting the quarterback at safety on
defense rather than lining the team on
defense exactly as they were on offense,
which pitted the quarterback against
mucb heavier opposition.
In addition, he led the fight to divide
the game into quarters rather than
halves and he pioneered with such
formations as the Heisman shift and the
hidden ball play (in which his quarter­
back at Tech actually stuffed the ball
under his jersey to deceive the opposi­
tion).

Heisman reached his coaching zenith
at Tech, with undefeated teams dn 1915
and 1916, although each tied once, and
a perfect 9-0 mark in 1917. Under Heis­
man the Golden Tornados authored the
worst mauling ever on a gridiron,
drowning little Cumberland College of
Lebanon, Tenn. 220-0! Lest that sound
inhuman and merciless, understand
that the game was shortened to only 50
minutes. Little Cumberland might have
been an unusually weak victim that Oc­
tober day in 1916 but from 1914 Heis­
man s teams won four straight Southern
championships.
Heisman’s greatest achievement how­
ever is the recognition he owns as being
considered "the father of the forward
pass.” He didn’t throw the first pass, but
he certainly saw one of its early flights
in 1895. Heisman had long been fighting
against such overwhelming power plays
as the flying wedge, and when he saw
the pass he realized that here was the
answer to those formations, which he
felt the human frame couldn’t with­
stand. Heisman became the staunchest
supporter for legalizing the forward
pass long before its acceptance in 1906.
Staying away from athletics was im­
possible for Heisman and upon leaving
Rice be became one of the organizers
and the first athletic director of the
Downtown Athletic Club in New York
City. The Heisman Trophy is sponsored
by the Downtown Athletic Club and
given in John W.’s memory. On Oct. 3,
1936 John W Heisman died of bron­
chopneumonia at the age of 66.
^

HEISMAN MEMORIAL
TROPHY WINNERS
Year
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955.
1956

Player, College, Pos.
Jay Berwanger, Chicago, HB
Larry Kelley, Yale, E
Clint Frank, Yale, HB
Davey O’Brien, TCU, QB
Nile Kinnick, Iowa, HB
.
Tom Harmon,'Michigan, HB
Bruce Smith, Minnesota, HB
Frank Sinkwich, Georgia, HB
Angelo Bertelli, Notre Dame, QB
Les Horvath, Ohio State, QB
’*Doc Blanchard, Army, FB
Glenn Davis, Army, HB
John Lujack, Notre Dame, QB
*Doak Walker, SMU, HB
Leon Hart, Notre Dame, E
.
’‘Vic Janowicz, Qhio State, HB
Dick Kazmaier, Princeton, HB
Billy Vessels, Oklahoma, HB
John Lattner, Notre Dame, HB
Alan Ameche; Wisconsin, FB
Howard Cassady, Ohio State, HB ■
Paul Horniing, Notre Dame, QB

Year
. '

.

^

' ‘

1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
, 1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978

Player, College, Pos.
John Crow, Texas A&M, HB
Pete Dawkins, Army, HB
Billy Cannon, LSU, HB
Joe Bellino, Navy, HB
Ernie Davis, Syracuse, HB
Terry Baker, Oregon St., QB
‘Roger Staubach, Navy, QB
John Huarte, Notre Dame, QB Mike Garrett, Southern Cal, HB
Steve Spurrier, Florida, QB
Gary Beban, UCLA, QB
0. J. Simpson, Southern Cal, HB
Steve Owens, Oklahoma, HB
Jim Plunkett, Stanford, QB
Pat Sullivan, Auburn, QB
Johnny Rodgers, Nebraska, FL
John Cappellfetti, Penn State, HB
‘Archie Griffin, Ohio State, HB
Archie Griffin, Ohio State, HB
Tony Dorsett, Pittsburgh, HB
Earl Campbell, Texas, HB
'Billy Sims, Oklahoma, HB

*Juniors (all others seniors).
45t

THE TRAINER
KEEPS THE TEAM TOGETHER
If the old saying is true that behind
every successful football team is a
good coach, then it is equally valid
that behind every successful football
program there is a well prepared
trainer.
The average trainer has taken a rigor­
ous sequence of courses as an under­
graduate in college, specializing in biol­
ogy, anatomy, kinesiology, physical edu­
cation and other courses that are premed subjects. He often does graduate
work in physical therapy or athletic
training and works part time as a sort
of “intern” on the training staff of a
team or school. These high academic
standards are continually being up­
dated by the National Athletic Trainers
Association (NATA), the governing body
of university trainers.
While the duties of a trainer may vary
from school to school, his basic respon­
sibilities are the prevention and care of
athletic injuries. Explains one West
Coast trainer, “Essentially, my job is to
make sure the players are physically fit
to play the sport, to treat injuries and,
most importantly, to rehabilitate in­
juries when they do occur.
In order to prevent injuries, a trainer
has to develop quickness, agility and
strength in the players. Speed work,
consisting of short sprints, together
with weightlifting and drills to help agil­
ity, are prescribed for football players to
belp them get into shape before the
season starts.
In conjuction with experts who have
studied body dev^elopment, growth, and
even the effects of foods, the trainer will
set down his own program. A good
trainer can tailor this program to the
individual needs of players. For in­
stance, he will prescribe exercises
geared toward building upper body
strength for linemen, while having the
running backs and receivers do more
work running and building their legs. If
a player has a weak portion of his body,
say a knee or an ankle, the trainer will
have him do special exercises on just
that portion of the body to build
strength up in those muscles that need
it most. “Many teams now have an as­
sistant coach who is a specialist in
weight training,” commented one
trainer. “In that instance he and I will
work together to develop a program
suited to the needs of an individual
player.”
The next step in the preventive train­
ing process is to instruct players on
46t

The main responsibilities of a trainer are the prevention and care of athletic injuries.

proper eating and sleeping habits. Al­
though college football players don’t
always have regular hours due to
classwork and studying, the trainer
does as much as he can along the lines
of advising players on proper rest and
balanced meals. Most major colleges
have a training table during the football
season and the players are fed wellrounded meals at least once a day at
these sessions.
Before a game, players have weak or
injured areas taped. Pre-game taping
often starts as early as four or five hours
prior to kickoff. A trainer must know
the best methods of taping or wrapping
a joint or bone so as to leave the
greatest amount of flexibility, but yet
protect against injury. Ankles, knees,
shoulders and wrists are the most
common parts of the body that are
taped as preventative measures. One
university trainer explained it this way,
"On game day I will tape or pad any
part of an athlete’s body, if he requests
it. After all, he’s the one that has to go
out and do battle for 60 minutes. If
extra padding or taping gives him a
psychological edge—a feeling of confi­
dence or preparedness—then I’m all
for it.’
When an injury does occur, the
trainer and his assistants are quick to
reach the injured player. “It helps us if
we see how the'^qj^*^
injured. Often

he can’t specify the location or the de­
gree of the injury. Whenever possible,
we try to have the player leave the field
under his own power. It’s better for
him—better for the other players.”
The trainer, in conjunction with the
team doctor, then works quickly to re­
duce the effects of the damage to the
body and get the player back in action if
possible, or remove him from the game
for further treatment.
After the immediate impact of the in­
jury has been reduced, the trainer puts
the player on a treatment/rehabilitation
program to build up tbe injured area
once again and to help him regain the
endurance and reactions lost while out
of action.
The trainer’s fight to keep his players
in top shape shows up in a number of
ways on the field in terms of how well a
team plays toward the end of a game
and even in the mental aspect of foot­
ball.
“It’s hard for somone to think when
he’s tired. There tend to be more errors
when players are tired, and there is no
question that when a player is tired, he
also gives up physically. Physical condi­
tioning, of which the trainer plays a
large part, is one of the most important
aspects in football. With so many games
decided in the fourth quarter, it’s al­
most always the best conditioned team
that wins.”
^

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The door creaked a cautious

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GOOD LUCK FIGHTING
SCOTS!

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120 ERIE STREET
EDINBORO. PA. 16412

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"H
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ill lill' llllMlillUllji

College football preserves delights of life
College football has been
described
as “the
l-.^___ J__ *1
I
II. \
element of American life most characteristic
of our nationality.” Every season reinforces
the validity of this distinction.
The game appeals to our emotions like
few, if any, other forms of athletic competi­
tion. Spectators at college games, setting
new overall attendance records every year,
revel in exercising the deep-rooted passions
of joy, courage, sympathy, sorrow, rivalry,
risk, sense of fairness and loyalty.
College football crowds aren't there just to
admire the skill of a passer or the cleverness
of a runner or the accuracy of a place kicker
or punter. They are there wanting to see
their team win. Thrilling touchdown plays
are fine, like getting the end piece of the cake
with the thick icing. But the overwhelming
majority of college game-goers would rather
see their team win, even if it's 2-0 in a
dogged defensive struggle, than to have
witnessed a dozen exciting scoring plays
during a game which their team loses.
Can you think of a more hollow attraction
than an exhibition contest between two col­
lege football squads?
The feel of the crowd is a standard fixture
at college games. From September through
November there are just 11 such occasions,
full of color and flavor, for the release of our
competitive impulses. And so often in college football, the anticipation is exceeded by
the realization.
Most of the college players on the field are
whamming and slamming for the sheer joy
of proving themselves to themselves. Ernest
Thompson S^ton once said; "Manhood is
the first law of education.” Of course foot­
ball is just one of many opportunities avail­
able in the quest for manhood; but the

competitive flame in the clash of spirited,
cohesive forces is the rouser that attracts
throngs to America's college stadiums.
Imperfection itself, among young athletes
of 18 to 22, is part of college football's crowd
appeal. Nothing in sports can be duller than
perfection. The human experience of errors
in action provides one of the world's liveliest
shows. Somehow, the happiness reaped by
players in the arena who withstand and
overcome these mistakes often spills over
into the crowd.
Many spectators are embraced by the
camaraderie of college football. It can be felt
by anybody. It was responsible for the
following bit of nonsense;
A jovial fellow sitting 'way up in Row 65
got to his feet time and again and yelled.
Hey! Gus! Look here, Gus!” Whereupon
down in Row 20 a man would rise, look up
and wave. This friendly exchange went on
interminably, until finally the man down in
Row 20 shouted back to the greeter in Row
65 and advised him to stay in his seat and
watch the game. "And besides," he finished,
"my name's not Gus."
In the college football atmosphere are
preserved some of the delights that go with
life. "We have plenty of grim things facing
us, said Harlan Hatcher, University of
Michigan president emeritus. "We need the
relief we find in sports. It's not only neces­
sary to survive, but to live with some positive
sense of joy and fulfillment."
My own belief is that happiness is found
most readily in sport, and more predictably-by plan-than in almost anything one
does. I once heard a very learned person say;
"Man's greatest moment of happiness is to
be tested beyond what he thought might be
his breaking point, and not fail."

Effort in football, and in most all competi­
tive sports, is a matter of character, rather
than reward. It is an end in itself and not a
means to an end. That s why, in defeat, one
can rest on his character and keep a stout
heart.
1 make the claim that sport offers the
highest-grade happiness to man and woman
on the most convenient terms available any­
where. The field of sport is a place where
people can succeed—beyond their success
anywhere else—in behaving themselves
while having fun. And where else do we
always give everybody an even start?
Sport is quick to outlaw any piece of
unfairness that can be covered or controlled
by a rule. But there is more than mere
observance of the letter of the law. There is
sportsmanship; that is, obedience to the
unenforceable.
The late Bob Zuppke, head coach at the
University of Illinois for 29 years, once said;
The difference between champions and
near-champions is the ability to play for
something outside of self; in one word,
teamwork." That includes curbing any indi­
vidual action that would bring team penalty.
A sprightly, colorful character, Zuppke
left a trail of philosophical utterances, in­
cluding; "There is art in football. No man
can be a truly fine athlete unless he has
music in his soul. Without rhythm there is
no art, no spontaneity. A good team is art. It
is as graceful as a group of dancers. A few
people think football is a brutal game. But
brutes can't play it."
Two of Zuppke's best-remembered lines
are; “Men do their best when they know
they are being observed." And; "Never let
hope elude you. That's life's biggest fum­
ble."

COLLEGE FOOTBALL: STUFF OF LEGEND
42,

—Fred Russell

HOW THE SCOTS MEASURE UP STATISTICALLY
NAME
Mifsud, F.
Houston, R.
Ray, M.
Shover, R.
Early, J.
Ayers, S.
Parma, A.
Riddle, S.
Teknipp, J.
Churma, D.
McCauley, M.
Piccolomini, V.
Abbiatici, M.
TOTALS

G
4
8
7
8
8
5
5
3
7
6
3
2
6
8

PASSING
NAME
Shover, R.
Piccolomini, V.
TOTALS

G
,8
2
8

PASS RECEIVING
NAME
Beacham, T.
Strozyk, D.
Kruse, B.
Houston, R.
Early, J.
Arcarisi, M.
Parma, A.
Gierlak, T.
Churma, D.
Ayers, S.
Ray, M.
Mifsud, F.
Riddle, S.
TOTALS

G
8
7
8
8
8
6
5
6
6
5
7
4
3
8

ATT
57
55
45
71
44
26
24
12
4
3
2
1
1
345

ATT
141
9
150

REC YDS
31 490
11 125
11 295
4
20
4
3
3
35
2
31
2
5
2
4
2
-2
2
-3
1
5
1
4
76 1012

YG
258
217
185
153
144
86
75
43
14
12
5

YL
16
11
24
245
10
2
3
1

--

8
16
336

—
-—

--

1192

COMP
74
2
76

C/G
3.9
1.6
1.4
.5
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.5
.3
9.5

NET
242
206
161
92
134
84
72
42
14
12
5
-8
16
856

INT
8
3
11

Y/C
15.8
11.4
26.8
5.0
.8
11.7
15.5
2.5
2.0

TD
2
--

2
—
----

---

LR
52
40
73
12
5
12
26
3
3
--

.

5-0
4.0
13.3

--—

4

3
5
4
73

PUNTS
NAME
Ruszkiewicz, R.
Abbiatici, M.
Ayers, S.
TOTALS

G
7
6
5
8

NO
28
24
1
53

YDS
820
776
17
1613

AVG
29.3
32.3
17.0
30.4

LP
52
53
17
53

PUNT RETURNS
NAME
Petardi, K.

G
8

NO
27

YDS
115

AVG
4.3

LR
14

TACKLE LEADERS
NAME
Collins (LT)
Cicerchi (LB)
Curry (RE)
Greenstone (RT)
Petardi (SS)
Sobecki (CB)
Smith (LE)
Buchwach (MG)
Swanson (MG)
Miller (FS)

G
8'
5
8
8
8
8
8
4
7
8

UA
28
26
23
23
30
27
28
8
17
17

A
54
54
57
42

33
32
22
39
28
27

TOT
82
80
80
65
63
59
50
47
45

44

S
2
_
-

3
3

Y/G
60.5
25.8
23.0

—

—

3.0
3.2
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
2.5

16.8
16.8
14.4
14.0
2.0
2.0
1 .7

—

—

—
—

—

--

—

107.0

9

31

2.5

YDS
(960
52
1012

PCT
52..5
22 .2
50,.7

Y/C
4.2
3.7
3.6

Y/P
13.0
26.0
13.3

C/G
9.3
1.0
9.5

TD
2
2
--

3
---

2
-—

Y/G
120.0
26.0
126.5

LR
31
15
18
23
16
27
9
9
7
8
4

LTDR
14
14
--

23
—
--

1
---

----23

—

TD
4
4

LP
73
40
73

LTDP
73
-73

KICKOFFS
NAME
G
Ruszkiewicz,, R. 7
4
Comer, P.
TOTALS
.8

NO
16
11
27

YDS
852
591
1443

AVG
53.3
53.7
53.4

KICKOFF RETURNS
NAME
Beacham, T.'
Ray, M.
Riddle, S.
Early, J.
Mifsud, F.
Teknipp, J.
Parma, A.
Arcarisi, M
TOTALS

G
8
7
3
8
4
7
5
6
8

NO
9
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
21

YDS
127
72
-34
14
24
12
8

AVG
14.1
18.0
17.0
7.0
24.0
12.0
8.0

SCORING
NAME
Shover, R.
Ruszkiewicz
Beacham, T.
Houston, R.
Mi fsird, F.
Parma, A.
Kruse, B.
Comer, P.
Early, J.
TOTALS

FG
TD XP-R XP-K
3
—
-- 4-6 5-9
2
—
-2
—
—
2
—
-2
—
-2
-—
—
4-4 0-4
1
—
1
8-10 5-13
13

G
8
7
8
8
4
5
8

d
8
8

FIELD GOALS
Comer, Pat
Ruszkiewicz , R.

—

—

291

13.9

24, 24, 43, 37
26, 20, 40, 47, 41
20, 22, 30

S
-

-

TP
18
19
12
12
12
12
12
4
2
103

,

48,

-

-

_
_
_

H
A
A
A
H
A
H
A

43

-

ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC

0
28
6
0
7
18
31
13

1979 RESULTS (2-6)
Fairmont State
9
Muskingum
13
Millersville
17
Clarion State
13
24
Lock Haven
Shippensburg
28
California
7
SIippery Rock
14

ATTEND.
3 ,000
2 ,100
3 ,000
4 ,500
2 ,800
5 ,800
2 ,750
2 ,500

Code of Officios Signals
6

Offside (Infraction
of scrimmage or
free kick formation)

Illegal Motion and
Illegal Shift

Illegal Procedure
or Position

Roughing the Passer

Substitution
Infractions

0^

Delay of Game

Personal Foul

liiJU/

Illegal Use of
Hands and Arms

Roughing the Kicker
or Holder

Clipping

Intentional
Grounding

Illegally Passing
or Handing Ball
Forward

15

Forward Pass or
Kick Catching
Interference

Ineligible Receiver
Down Field bn Pass

Ball Illegally Touched,
Kicked, or Batted

Incomplete Forward Pass,
Penalty Declined,
No Play, or No Score

Helping the Runner,
or Interlocked
Interference

23

Safety

Time out; Referee's
Discretionary or Injury
Time Out followed with
tapping hands on chest.

Player Disqualified

Grasping
Face Mask

Touching a Forward
Pass or Scrimmage Kick;
No Penalty

Blocking Below
theWaisf^

*44

Ball Dead; If Hand
is Moved from Side
to Side: Touchback;
Fourth Down,
Closed Fist

Touchdown or
Field Coal

V

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