The TEA C H ER S C O LLEG E H ERA LD TOWER OF -.“ OLD M AIN: The Teachers College Herald V olum e 52 JU L Y , 1948 N Catalogue Number 1948 -1949 TH IS COLLEGE IS A M EM BER OF TH E ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS COLLEGES MIDDLE STATES SECONDARY ASSOCIATION SCHOOLS AND OF M EETS ESTABLISHED B Y THESE AMERICAN AND OF TH E COLLEGES TH E AND STANDARDS ASSOCIATIONS. THE STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE SHIPPENSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA u m ber 3 The Teachers College Herald is published quarterly. Entered as second class mail matter at the Post Office at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, under Act of August 24, 1912. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE CO LLEG E 1948 i CALENDAR - 1949 The Summer Sessions The Two Six-Week Sessions 1. The First Six-Week Session Session Begins ........................................................................ June 7 Session Ends ............................................................................ July 16 2. The Second Six-Week Session Session Begins ........................................................................ July 19 Session E n d s .......................................................................... August 27 First Semester Registration o f Freshmen ............................................... September 8 Registration of Upperclassmen ...................................... September 9 Classes Begin with the First P e rio d ............................ September 10 Thanksgiving Recess Begins at the Close of Classes .....................................................................November 23 Thanksgiving Recess Ends at 8 :0 0 a.m........................ November 29 Christmas Recess Begins at the Close of Classes .................... December 21 Christmas Recess Ends at 8 :0 0 a.m...................................... January 3 First Semester Ends at the Close of Classes ............................................................................ January 15 Second Semester Registration ................................................................... January 19 & 20 Classes Begin at 8 :0 0 a.m................................................... January 21 Easter Recess Begins at the Close of Classes ..................................................................................... April 9 Easter Recess Endsat 8 :0 0 a.m....................................................April 20 Alumni Day ................................................................................... May 21 Baccalaureate Services...........................................................................May 22 Commencement ................................................ May23 4 ________________ TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD_________________ COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Department of Public Instruction F rancis B. H aas, M .A., Pd.D., LL.D . Superintendent o f Public Instruction H en r y K lo n o w e R, M .A., Pd.D., D irector, T eacher Education and C ertification STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATION President and C h ief Executive O fficer, F rancis B. H aas M arcus A aron ................................................................ .... Pittsburgh W. F loyd C linger ................................................................. Warren E lsie M. H e c k m a n ................................................................ Allentown D onald L. H e l f f e r i c h ...................................................... Lansdowne M iles H orst ............................................................................. Palmyra R obert C. Sh a w .................................................................. Camp Hill G. M orris Smith ............................................................ Selinsgrove H u b e r t J. Stockton ............................................................Johnstown J ohn J. Sullivan ............................................................ Philadelphia M rs. R ü TH B. D owling , BOARD A cting S ecretary ..............Philadelphia OF TRUSTEES F rancis B. H aas, E x-O fficio .......................................... Harrisburg Raymond G. M ow rey , President ............................ Chambersburg koY E. Rich w in e , V ice-P residen t .............................. Mechanicsburg G race H. Spo n seller , S ecretary ...................................Shippensburg D. N orris B e n e d ic t ........................................................... Waynesboro J ames M. E b b e r t ...............................................................................York Car L A. N a u g l e ................................................................ Shippensburg E a rle H . Sc h a effer .................................................. Harrisburg SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE THE FACULTY 1948 - 1949 L ev i G il b e r t P resident o f th e C olleg e B.S., Franklin and Marshall College A. M., University of Pennsylvania Ed.D., University of Pittsburgh E a r l W r ig h t D ean o f In stru ction ; C hairm an, Education D epartm ent B . S., M.S., Sc.D., Gettysburg College Ed.D., George Washington University G e n e T . F is t e r D ean o f W om en B.S., State Teachers College, Kutztown M.A., Teachers College, Columbia University V in t o n R a m b o D ean o f M en, P hysical E ducation and Science B.S., Iowa Wesleyan College A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University K B. A llan Chairm an, G eography D epartm ent B . Ed., Illinois State Normal University A. M., Colorado Teachers College e it h A r t h u r A t k in s o n P sychology; D irector, P sychological C lin ic B . S., A.M., Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh R ic h a r d B a r t h o l o m e w Chairm an, H ealth Education D epartm ent A. B., Pennsylvania State College M.Ed., Pennsylvania State College M ary Eth el B ea m er B usiness Education B. A., Baylor University A. M. Teachers College Columbia University C h arles F. B ello w s E nglish B. S.,, State Teachers College, Shippensburg M.A., Columbia University B r a d l ey C ra w sh a w Business Education B.S., State Teachers College, Indiana M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh 5 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 6 R o y D ib e r t Science B.S., Franklin and Marshall College A. M., Columbia University M.S., Pennsylvania State College M yra E sh T raining T eacher, Campus S chool B . S., University of Pittsburgh C h a r l e s R . E u r ic h Science D epartm ent B.S., Franklin and Marshall College M.A., New York University M ary C h a r l o t t e G a in R esident D irecting N urse ' R.N., Union Memorial Hospital Cla ren ce G lessn er E nglish D epartm ent B.S., State Teachers College, Shippensburg M.Ed., Pennsylvania State College O lga G ray H ealth Education B.S., State Teachers College, W est Chester J. Seth G rove Chairm an, M athem atics D epartm ent A.B. Ursinus College A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University R u th C. H a rley A ssistant D irector o f Training B . S., Juniata College A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University E st h e r H en d erso n H ealth Education B . S., Miami University M.A., Teachers College, Columbia University L a u r a E s t e l l a H ig h E n g lism Ju n ior H igh School A.B., Dickinson College A. M., University of Pennsylvania B H ogg S ocial Studies D epartm ent B . S., State Teachers College, Slippery Rock M.A., University of Pittsburgh P h D ., University of Chicago! ern a rd SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE Ge r t r u d e K a u ff m a n Chairm an, A rt D epartm ent B.S., State Teachers College, Edinboro A. M., George Peabody College N ora A . K ie f f e r Education B . S., A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University N orm an G e r m a in e E. K i n g B usiness E ducation D epartm ent B.S., University of Pittsburgh M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh K laus Chairm an, Language D epartm ent A .B., Dickinson College A. M., University of Chicago R on ald K n a pp H ealth Education B . S., Pennsylvania State College M.A., Columbia: University H a ro ld O . K r a m er Business Education D epartm ent B.S., Susquehanna University ALA.. New York University L e s l ie C . K r e b s G eography and V isual E du cation ; D irector, T h e M useum B.S., Pennsylvania State College Ed.M., Temple University L o u is e J . L ie n e m a n n C hem istry and B iology A.B., University of Nebraska A.M., Ph.D., Cornell University N M cC rea r y E nglish A .B., Smith College A. M., Radcliffe College ancy I sa bel M cC u rd y A ssistant Librarian B . S., State Teachers College,. Shippensburg A d e l e H . M it c h e l l T raining T eacher, Cam pus S chool B.S., State Teachers College, Kutztown M.Ed., Pennsylvania State College I TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 8 R oy V . M ou er Science, H igh S chool B.S., Lebanon Valley College M.A., Columbia University D o ro th ea N o ble T raining T eacher, Campus School B.S., Temple University M.S., Temple University G eorge M a r io n D o r is R e is in g e r E nglish D epartm ent B.S., State Teachers College, Shippensburg M.A., Western Maryland College B lo o d R e is n e r Chairm an, E nglish D epartm ent B.S., A.M., University of Pennsylvania Erm a K. R o h r Training T eacher, Cam pus S chool B.S., State Teachers College, Shippensburg K. R o la r S ocial Studie.jH A.B., Pennsylvania State College A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University R a l p h Sc ra ffo r d B . S., State Teachers College, Edinboro M.Ed., Pennsylvania State College D.Ed., Pennsylvania State College S. S. S h e a r e r Chairm an, Scien ce D epartm ent A. B., Ursinus College M.S., University of Chicago E tta C. S k e n e Chairm an, B usiness E ducation D epartm ent B . S., Southwest Missouri State Teachers College A. M., Ph.D., New York University T h elm a E. Sm a ll Training T eacher, C am pus S chool B . S., State Teachers College, Shippensburg A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University A nn S m it h Part-tim e M usic T eacher B . S., New York University M.S., Temple University SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE T homas Sm y th Science D epartm ent B.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute A. M., Cornell University Pd.D., Cornell University H a r l in g E. Spo n seller D irector o f T eacher T rain in g; D irector o f P lacem ent B . S., State Teachers College, Shippensburg A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University E l v in L . V a l e n t in e Chairm an, S ocial Studies. D epartm ent A.B., DePauw University A. M., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin J C. W ea ver Chairm an, M usic D epartm ent B . S., Temple University A. M., New York University am es H arper J. W en tz G en eral Scien ce and M athem atics, Ju n ior H igh S chool B . S., Franklin and Marshall College A. M., Teachers College, Columbia University A lm a M a e W in t o n lib ra ria n B . S. in Library Science, Columbia University A. B., Allegheny College St e l l a Y a t e s Business E ducation D epartm ent B . S., University of Illinois M.S., University of Illinois M ary E. Y o rk E nglish and Speech B.S'4 A.M., Ohio University 9 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 10 LABORATORY H E. S p o n s e l l e r , A .M .................................................D irector a r l in g A .M ............ Assistant D irector o f Training C. E s h , B .S ..................... ................................ Sixth G rade R u th C. H M yra arley, M .E d . ............................. Second G rade M .S ............ ............................. Fourth G rade B .S ........................ .................................... First G rade A .M ....... ................................ T hird G rade A d ele H . M it c h e l l , D oro th ea N oble, D o r is T h elm a Ann SCH O OL R ohr, E. Sm a ll, S m it h , M . A ........................ ............................................ Music B .S ................. ....... ........................ K indergarten R ach a el G ray, And other members of the College instructional staff as advisers. ADMINISTRATIVE L ev i G il b e r t , V ir g in ia G Earl W Sa ra h J ea n B.S., A.M ., Ed.D ...............President o f the C ollege o o d h a r t ................................... Secretary r ig h t , S. M OFFICERS M .S., Sc.D, Ed.D ........... il l e r , Sa u n d e r s, to the President D ean o f Instruction B .S ........... Secretary, to the D ean o f Instruction M .A ............................................................. Registrar T . F i s t e r , B.S., A .M .................................... D ean o f W om en G en e V in t o n H a r l in g Ram bo, B.S., A .M ............................................ D ean o f Men E. S p o n s e l l e r , B.S., A .M ...............D irector o f Training Lois L e h m a n ....................... Secretary o f the D irector o f Training C h arles A. B i k l e , M .D ., University of Penna...............Physician M ary C h a r l o t t e G a in , M ary Ellen D e ib l e r , R .N ............... R esident D irecting N urse Univ. of Penna................ D ental H ygienist 11 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE J W . ohn M. N A l ic e Ge r t ie Y . L i c h t y .......... a r ie D o reen E dna M H o l l ............... F o g elsa n g er M Anna ............... Business M anager ............................ B ookkeep er ..................... Account C lerk ......................Am ount C lerk ....................... A ccount C lerk Lackh o ve. W a d e l ............ C lerk to Business M anager o u e r .................... ........... C lerk in R etail Store M. C o m m e r e r . W elen h i t e ..................................................................... C lerk in R etail Store C lerk E s h e l m a n ...................... Supt. o f Grounds and Buildings R . B r u c e C l i p p i n g e r ............................................................... R eceiving H M. G rounds and B uildings S taff—JO H N FITZGERALD, CHARLES HILL, CHARLES HOLLINGER, CLIFFORD HOOVER, RAYM OND HUTCH­ ISON, W ALTER KLENZING, JE R R Y THOMAS, ELMER B. VANSCYOC, H ARVEY ALLEN, HIRAM D. HIGHLANDS,, CLARENCE L. CHAMBERLIN, ARTHUR COMMERER, SEBA FILSON, HARRY CLOUGH, R. J . HUTCHINSON, GEORGE CLOUGH. arry G. Em ory K W il l ia m Sa ra M ann S. W ................................................................................. e ib l e y cC u l l o u g h W atchm an I........................................................ W atchm an ................... ................................ M atron, M ea n s "O ld M ain" Assistant-—E l l e n F lo ren ce R D e i s i n g e r ........................................ M atron, M en’s D orm itory H orton H all P l a s t e r e r ....................................................M atron, Assistant— M a e V a n S c y o c o ro th y L o t t i e M c C l e l l a n ..................................................... ............................D ietitian D ining R oom and K itchen S taff— FLORENCE CRAMER, EMMA BO W ­ ERS, ELAM ESHLEMAN, AMANDA KITZM ILLER, ANNA PRICE, BESSIE RICE, ELIZABETH SHEARER, MAUDE BEASTON, W ILLIAM CRUSEY, JO H N HAUK, LAURA E. KEEFER, MAE REBUCK, NORA E. SLEICHTER, FRANK JO N ES, ROSE P. TARNER, HAZEL M IXELL, M ARY KEEFER, JA N E TARNER. N e l l K . S t r i k e ....................................................Superintendent o f Laundry Assistants— C o r a C l o u g h , L e n a C l o u g h , B e u l a h K it z H e l e n N o a k e r , D o r o t h y W e r n e r , M a r y I. C r id e r , D o l l y C o v e r , M a r jo r ie M il l e r , H a r r ie t J . R ebuck. m il l e r , STANDING D ea n s o f FACULTY COMMITTEES C la sses: 19-48— Dr. Lienemann and Mr. Grove 1949— Miss Rolar and Mr. Weaver 1950— Miss Esh and Mr. Allan 1951— Dr. Skene and Mr. Eurich 1952— Mr. Reisinger and Miss Noble TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 12 E x e c u t iv e C o m m it t e e : Dr. Gilbert, Dr. W right, Mr. Sponseller, Mr. Shearer, Mrs. Reisner, Mr. Lackhove, Mr. Allan, Mr. Grove, Miss Fister, Mr. Krebs, Mr. Weaver, Mr. Bartholomew, Mr. Rambo, Dr. Valentine, Dr. Atkinson, Dr. Skene. C o m m it t e e Co llege W of E leven on P u b l ic R e l a t io n s a n d elfa re: Dr. W right, Chr., Mr. Allan, Mr. Grove, Mrs. Harley, Miss K ieffer, Mr. Lackhove, Miss Rolar, Mr. Shearer, Mr. Spon­ seller, Mr. Krebs, and Mr. Kramer. Ch a pel Co m m it t e e : Mr. Weaver, Chr., Mrs. Reisner, Mr. Bellows, and the four student council presidents. C u r r ic u l u m C o m m it t e e : Dr. Gilbert, Chr-, and the heads of departments. E n t e r t a in m Co m en t m it t e e : Mrs. Reisner, Chr., and the President’s Council. Com m it t e e on E x a m in a t io n s , T ests, and Dr. Atkinson, Chr., Miss K ieffer, Mr. W right, Mrs. Harley and Dr. Scrafford. F r a t e r n it y C o m M ea su r em en ts: Sponseller, Dr. m it t e e : Mr. Krebs, Chr., Mr. Allan, Mrs. Reisner, Mr. Weaver, and Mr. King. Co m Con cern ed m it t e e w it h T oo ls fo r L e a r n in g : Mrs. Harley, Chr., Mr. Krebs, Mr. Sponseller, Dr. Valentine, Mr. Weaver, Miss W inton, Mr. Bartholomew, Dr. Scrafford, Dr. Hogg, Dr. Smyth. Pla cem en t S e r v ic e : Mr. Sponseller, Chr., Miss Esh, Mrs. Harley, Miss Small, Dr. W right. Com m it t e e on Po st W ar P l a n n in g : Dr. Valentine, Chr., Mr. Allan, Miss High, Miss Rolar, Mr. Weaver, Miss W inton and Mr. Rambo. P u b l ic it y C o m m it t e e : Mr. Glessner and members o f the English department. St u d e n t T e a c h in g Com m it t e e : Mr. Sponseller, Chr., Mr. Eurich, Mr. Grove, Miss High, Miss K ieffer, Mrs. Harley, Mr. W entz, Mr. Mouer, and Mrs. Mitchell. Sum m er S e s s io n s C o m m it t e e : Dr. W right, C hr.’ Mr. Allan, Mr. Lackhove, Mrs. Harley, Miss Esh and Mr. Krebs. A lu m n i A s s o c ia t io n C o m m it t e e : Miss Rolar, Chr., Miss Esh and Mr. Glessner. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE THE 13 CO LLEG E Accrediting Agencies The rapid development of colleges in the United States during the past fifty years has led to various efforts to standard­ ize these institutions through the setting up o f regional and in some instances national accrediting agencies. This movement has been animated by a desire to protect worthy institutions and at the same time to guard parents o f prospective college students from exploitation at the hands o f colleges unworthy o f the name. The acknowledged accrediting agency for this region of the country is the Middle States Association of Colleges and Second­ ary Schools. The State Teachers College at Shippensburg is a member o f this Association and is fully accredited by it. The national accrediting agency for teachers colleges is the American Association of Teachers Colleges which has a membership o f 157 fully accredited teacher education institutions including the State Teachers College at Shippensburg. Town of Shippensburg Shippensburg is a town of approximately six thousand peo­ ple, situated in the beautiful Cumberland Valley on the Pennsyl­ vania Railroad, thirty-nine miles southwest of Harrisburg, on Pennsylvania highway, No. 11. Carlisle, the county seat o f Cum­ berland County, lies twenty miles from Shippensburg toward Harrisburg, and Chambersburg, the county seat of Franklin County, ten miles in the opposite direction. Gettysburg, the county seat of Adams County, with its famous battlefield now a national shrine, is but thirty miles distant. Rich farm lands, broad meadows* and delightful woodlands bounded by moun­ tains to the north and south, characterize this valley which is one of the richest agricultural sections of the country. History Originally known as the Cumberland Valley State Normal School, the school was founded in 1871. The first class was graduated in 1874. For more than fifty years the school contin­ ued to serve as a State Normal School, graduating students pre­ pared and legally qualified to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth. A fter 1922, high school graduation was required for admission to the institution. In 1926 the State Council of Education authorized four-year curricula based upon high schopl graduation. In August, 1927, by authority o f the General Assem- 14 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD bly, this institution became a college with the fight to grant de­ grees. Its name was changed to the State Teachers College at Shippensburg. Plant and Grounds The site consists of approximately sixty-four acres with two fully equipped athletic fields, Eckels Field and Heiges Field, ten tennis courts, a quarter mile track with a two-twenty straight­ away, an archery range and an open-air Shakespearean theatre. The buildings on the campus are arranged in a curving line on the crest o f a hill, slopping gently to the southeast. The jplant con­ sists of "O ld M ain,” containing the administrative offices, the dining room and kitchen, many of the recitation rooms, the auditorium, and the dormitories for men; Horton Hall, housing the women students; the Alumni Gymnasium, containing the swimming pool, special physical education rooms and showers, Shearer Hall, containing the science laboratories. Other buildings are the Ezra Lehman Memorial Library, the old Gymnasium, the Business Education building, the Albert Lindsay Rowland Labor­ atory School, the President’s Residence, the Infirmary, the utility buildings and garages, the power plant, and the sewage disposal plant. Library The library is an independent, modern building with read­ ing rooms and stacks available from 8 a. m. until 5 p. m. and from 7 until 9 p. m. Its collection of 2 4 ,0 0 0 books and over 200 current magazines provides ample facilities for study, research, and recreation. Indices to library periodicals supply convenient reference to earlier numbers, both bound and unbound, and there are many encyclopedias, both general and special, for research. A collection of over 8000 pictures, a clipping file, a large pamphlet collection, and an interesting group of textbooks and courses of study serve to meet the needs of the students o f the college. The student will also find recreational reading in the fields of biography, drama, fiction, and current events. Trained librarians are on duty at all times to assist students in finding material. Laboratory Schools The campus laboratory school contains a nursery school equipped with dining room, kitchen, play room, sleeping room and a separate playground with special play apparatus; a kindergarten and provision for the first six elementary grades. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 15 The building contains offices, a library, an auditorium||an art room and service rooms. There is a playground equipped with playground apparatus. The schools of the Borough of Shippensburg are available as student teaching laboratories. These schools include grades from the first to the sixth and a two-teacher school for students pursuing the rural curriculum. A junior high school, housed in a separate building, and a senior high sch ools also separately housed, each with a distinct organization and connected by a central unit containing a gymnasium, an auditorium, a library, offices, service rooms and class rooms, provide student teaching laboratories for students pursuing the secondary curricula. T he Shippensburg Borough Schools thus have a thoroughly modern and attractive school plant. Dormitories The dormitory facilities are entirely modern, ? and the lava­ tories equipped with shower baths, tubs, and modern plumbing throughout. Stairways of fireproof construction are provided for all dormitories. Auditorium The main auditorium seats approximately 500 persons _and is equipped with a motion picture booth. The stage is provided with modern lighting facilities permitting the presentation of dramatic performances of professional competence. Each W ed­ nesday morning an assembly program is held in the auditorium. Attendance is required. Rowland H all is a small auditorium seating 300. Social Program Shippensburg is a coeducational college. The enrollment of men is approximately half the total student body. Profes­ sional, social and religious activities of many kinds are carried on throughout the year consisting of debating, dramatics, athletics, religious meetings, field days, intra-mural contests of various kinds, dances, lectures and entertainments. Conferences and trips to places of historic, scientific, and educational interest occur frequently under proper supervision. Health Program Recognizing health as a basic objective of education, this college makes ample provision for the protection and develop­ ment of the health of its students. In addition to the health 16 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD examinations required for admission, provision is made for the annual administration o f the Mantoux test, and ¿prays are taken o f all cases of positive reaction. A registered nurse is in full-time attendance at the college infirmary where two wards, one for women and one for men, as well as private isolation rooms are maintained. The college physician is on the campus every day and is constantly subject to call. The college employs a trained diet­ itian, and under the college or family physician’s advice, special diets are prescribed and provided. Arrangements have been made by the College whereby students may enroll in the Blue Cross plan for hospital care if they are not already members on their parents’ contracts. This voluntary, non-profit plan, sponsored by the hospitals, is a way to assure yourself, and your family if married, the best of hospital care when you need it without worry, debt, or loss of savings. Capital Hospital Service, Inc., is the Blue Cross plan serving central Pennsylvania. Conduct The college recognizes that the standard of conduct becom­ ing a prospective teacher is so high that it excludes all persons whose habits and conduct are not worthy of the limitation o f children who may be placed under their instruction. Since teachers must first be able to discipline themselves, it is the aim o f the college consistently to cultivate right habits of self-discipline on the part o f its students. The Profession of Teaching This college is a professional school for the preparation o f teachers and all of its curricula lead to certificates to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Teachers must be persons of intelligence, and a high standard o f scholarship is required for the baccalaureate degree. Teachers must be persons o f char­ acter and every opportunity is provided for the development of a high standard o f character on the part o f each student. Those who do not achieve this standard are invited to leave. The teaching profession provides the most significant social service possible for anyone to render, for upon the efficiency of the public schools and the character, intelligence, and devotion of the teachers, depends, in large measure, the national destiny. T he college believes, however, that this professional prepara­ tion is the best preparation for general citizenship and for parent­ hood made today by American youth. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 17 Teacher Education The teachers in our schools have the responsibility for the conservation and the improvement of the American way of life. Young people, who are willing to conform to the high stand­ ards of the profession, are needed to become teachers. The teachers college is tne place where these young people can best be trained to teach school. The college has but one purpose and that is the education of teachers. FEES, DEPOSITS, REPAYMENTS A ll student accounts are payable in advance on the dates listed in this catalogue. The late registration fee will apply against all payment dates, and students whose accounts are not paid within the five-day late registration period will not be admitted to classes. A. I. FEES Activity Fee: Per H alf Semester .............. $7.00 Summer Session..... $2.00 in full Activity Fees are payable in advance for a full semes­ ter and are not refundable. These fees, determined by vote of the student body, are administered through a cooperative organization under regulations approved by the Board o f Trustees. These fees will coyer the cost of student activities in athletics, lectures, entertainments, student publications, etc. II. Contingent Fee: Regular Term Per H alf Semester Elementary Curriculum.......................................... $22.50 °~~- - J - -- Curriculum......................... $22.50 ucation Curriculum............. 22.50 Business Education Curriculum......... 28.50 * Cooperative Education Curriculum 22.50 Out of State Students $7 .5 0 per Semester Hour A special fee o f $4.0 0 for the regular summer session is charged against those students whose work is credited in the field o f business education. Summer Session— $6.0 0 per semester hour. Minimum fee $18.00. THE TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 18 Students taking seven or fewer semester hours shall pay at the rate of $6.00 per semester hour. Students taking more than seven semester hours shall pay the regular con­ tingent fees; contingent fees for special curriculums shall be prorated on the basis of an eighteen semester hour load. *A special charge is made Cooperative Education students to defray the expense of required trips to visit progressive schools. III. 1. Housing Fee: The housing rate for students is $ 81.00 per one-half semes­ ter, $ 5 4 .0 0 for the regular summer sessions. This includes room, meals, and limited laundry. (This rate is subject to change by action of the Board of Trustees.) The charge for room and board includes furniture, bedding, light, and heat. Each room accommodates two students. A ll rooms are pro­ vided with single beds for each student. (a ) N o reduction in the rate is made for laundry done at home or for students who go home for a few days at a time. (b ) At the discretion of the President of the College, a student may occupy a double room alone, by paying an additional $ 3 6.00 or $ 1 2 .00 for the regular sum­ mer session. (c ) A boarding student may not change to a day student basis without permission o f the President of the Col­ lege and then only at the end of a half semester or the close of a summer session. (d ) A boarding student in attendance as a trainee of the U. S. Veterans Administration or an Army or Navy program has the privilege of paying housing fees at the rate of $ 4 0 .5 0 per month, October through May, both months inclusive. Such monthly payments to be made not later than the tenth of the month in which they are due. Summer Session housing fees of a trainee must be maintained on an advanced payment basis. This rate is subject to change by action of the Board o f Trustees. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 19 2. Housing rates for employes other than those included in the State Classification Schedule (faculty, clerks, etc.) are $ 1 0.00 per week. 3. The rates for transients are: Room, $.50 per night; breakfast, $.35, lunch, $.45, dinner, $ .60. Students having guests overnight who must be provided with dormitory accommodations must introduce them to the Dean of Women in the case o f women, Dean o f M en in the case of men- ;and arrange for the payment of the regular room charge o f $.50 per night. IV. Damage Fee: Students are responsible for damage, breakage, loss or de­ layed return o f college property. V. Infirmary Fee: A fter three days in the college infirmary, the college charges an additional $1 .0 0 for each day. Day students, who may be admitted to the infirmary, pay board at the rate of $ 2 .0 0 a day. This charge includes the regular nurse and regular medical service, but does not in­ clude special nurse or special medical service. VI. Tuition Fee: Students whose residence is out of the State are charged a fee of $7.50 per semester hour for all work carried. (Outof-State students do not pay the contingent fee.) VII. Degree Fee: A fee of $5.00 is paid by each candidate to cover the cost of degree diploma. VIII. Record Transcript Fee: One dollar ($ 1 .0 0 ) is charged for the second and each subsequent transcript of record. This fee is waived in the case of persons in the armed services o f the tlnited States. IX. Late Registration Fee: A fee of $1 .0 0 per day, not exceeding a total of $5.00 is charged for late registration. The same regulations apply to approved inter-semester payments. X. Delinquent A cco u n ts^ N o student is enrolled, graduated, or receives a transcript of his record until all previous charges have been paid. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 20 B. Deposits I. Advance Registration Deposit: A deposit of $ 10.00 is made by students when they request registration. This is a guarantee of the intention of the student to enter college for the term or semester desig­ nated. It is deposited with the State Revenue Department to the credit of the student’s contingent fee. If, however, the student notifies the college at least three weeks before the opening of the college that he is unable to enter, or if the student is rejected by the college, repayment of his deposit will be made through the Revenue Department, on application from the student through the College authorities. Check or money order for this amount must be drawn to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. C. No Other Fees or Deposits Permitted N o fees or deposits, other than as specified above, are charged by a State Teachers College. D. I. II. Repayments Repayments Are Not Made: 1. T o students who are temporarily or indefinitely su­ spended, dismissed, or voluntarily withdrawn from col­ lege. 2. For any part o f the advance registration deposit, for any cause whatsoever, except where students give notice o f intention to withdraw, at least three weeks before the college opens, or when the student is rejected by the college. Repayment A repayment is made for personal illness, certified to by an attending physician, or for other reasons, approved by the Board of Trustees, for the amount of the housing and contingent fees, paid by the student for the part o f the semester which he does not spend in college. III. Advance Registration Deposit The advance registration deposit is returned to students, if they notify the college not less than three weeks before the opening of the semester or term, of their intention not to attend, or if they are rejected by the college. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 21 Annual Cost For boarding students living on the campus the cost o f a year at Shippensburg (exclusive of the summer session) is as follows: * Contingent F ee $ 2 2.50 per half semester...............................$ 90.00 Activity F ee $7.00 per half semester............................... $ 28.00 B oard, Room , an d Laundry $ 8 1 .0 0 per half semester............................... $324.00 Total ..............................................................$442.00 ^Business Education students add $ 24.00 per year to the contingent fee in calculating this cost. In addition to this sum the average student requires for books, gymnasium costume, student organization dues, etc., not less than $ 5 0.00 a year. Day Students Day students— those living at home— do not pay the housing fee. The annual cost for such students is $118.00. N o student (who does not live at home) is allowed to register as a day student without permission of the President of the college. Times of Payment for the Academic Year 1948-1949 September 8— Payment for first half o f first semester. November 8— Payment for second half o f first semester. January 19— Payment for first half of second semester. March 21— Payment for second half of second semester. Summer session fees payable at the opening of each session. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 22 SCHOLASTIC REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION Admission to a State Teachers College is made on the basis of the following controlling principles: 1. General scholarship. 2. Character and personality. 3. Health and physical vigor. 4. English fundamentals and psychological tests. 5. A personal interview. Candidates for admission must satisfy these five general requirements in detail as outlined below: 1. General scholarship as shown by the completion o f the work of the 10th, 11th, and; 12th grades o f an approved secondary school or institution of equivalent grade, or equiv­ alent education as determined by the Credentials Division of the Department o f Public Instruction, and rank in the upper half of the class at graduation. Candidates for admis­ sion who lack this rank at graduation are required to present further evidence of fitness. a. Applicants ranking in the upper half o f their graduating class in a secondary school are admitted on certificate without further evidence o f general scholarship. b. Applicants who do not rank in the upper half o f the graduating class may be admitted on probation, provided: ( 1) They are recommended by their secondary school principal as able to do creditable college work, and (2 ) Appraisal of the detailed secondary school record indicates to admission authorities of the college that candidates can do satisfactory college work. Whenever available, candidates are urged to pre­ sent to the admission authorities cumulative records of secondary school work such as were used by the Carnegie Foundation in the Pennsylvania Study, and (3 ) A rating satisfactory to the institution is made on a scholastic aptitude test administered at the col­ lege. Applicants satisfactorily meeting the requirements ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) , and ( 3 ) above will be admitted for one semes­ ter on probation. A t the end o f the probationary period 23 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE such students will be required to withdraw from the college unless they meet the required standard of scholar­ ship in at least nine ( 9 ) semester hours o f work. 2. A record of integrity and appropriate personality must be shown by an estimate of secondary school official's, o f the candidate’s trustworthiness-, ?initiative, industry, social adapt­ ability, personal appearance, and sympathy. a. The estimate of the secondary school officials will be recorded by a check margin in the appropriate column o f a three-point rating scale as follows: Low Trustworthiness Initiative Industry Social Adaptability Personal Appearance Sympathy b. 3. M iddle H igh ....... ......................................... .............................................. . .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... This will be included as part of the secondary school record blank. Physical vigor, emotional stability, absence of physical de­ fects that would interfere with the successful performance o f the duties of a teacher, and absence of predisposition toward ill health as determined by a medical examination are required. a. A ll applicants for admission shall present a certificate of examination, signed by a physician legally qualified to practice medicine in the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania. Forms for the examination are furnished by the college. This medical examination is checked by the examining physician at the college and students are re­ quired to undergo a complete re-examination. b. Applicants may be rejected for the following reasons: (1 ) Incurable defects or diseases of the heart, lungs, kidneys, digestive system, nervous system, includ­ ing hysteria,¿«epilepsy, nervous instability, skin, organs o f the special sense, and thyroid. (2 ) Defective vision o f marked degree., (3 ) Permanently impaired hearing. (4 ) Marked speech defects. (5 ) Unsightly deformities. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 24 Students with remedial defects may be accepted on condi­ tion that immediate treatment be undertaken for the removal of theb'd defects. 4. Normal intelligence and satisfactory command o f English as shown by ratings in standard tests are required. The tests to be used are prescribed each year by the Board of Presidents and are uniform for all State Teachers Colleges. 5. A personal interview, with particular attention to person­ ality, speech habits, social presence,|| expressed interests of the applicant, and a promise of professional development is necessary. a. b. The personal interview serves two purposes: (1 ) It gives the examining committee of the college an opportunity to select, from the applicants for admission® those persons who give promise of becoming desirable teachers. (2 ) It provides an inventory of the personal charac­ teristics of applicants who are admitted and makes this inventory available to instructors and officers concerned with personnel work in the college. The interview is conducted at the college or in other places; and times designated by the President of the college. A ll applications should be made to the President, State Teachers College, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. ADVANCED STANDING 1. Advanced credit will be given for equivalent courses com­ pleted in approved institutions of collegiate grade where the course grade received is above the minimum passing grade prescribed by the transferring institution. N o student may obtain a certificate or degree without a minimum resi­ dence of one year in this college. A student transferring from another college will be required to present a statement o f honorable dismissal from that college and to meet the same entrance requirements as any other applicant. 2. N o candidate for a college certificate receives more than thirty-two semester hours credit toward graduation for work done in extension classes. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 25 .3. No credit is given for correspondence work or extension work taken after September ljB l 9 2 7 , for a normal school certificate. -4. Persons who have completed the work of the two-year Early Childhood, Intermediate, or Rural curricula are ad­ mitted to junior standing for a degree, provided they are graduates of an approved! four-year high school. T he exact number of hours’ credit granted depends upon the curricu­ lum which the student has completed and the one in which he wishes to secure his degree. Those who become candi­ dates for the degree in the elementary field secure two full years’ credit, but thosei who transfer to the secondary field lose some credit, usually from ten to twelve hours. 3. Graduates of State Normal Schools prior to September, 19.20, who have had a four-year high school preparation, are awarded not more than sixty-four semester hours of credit toward the baccalaureate degree. 6. Graduates of State Normal Schools, who lack four years of high school preparation, may apply to the Pre-Profes­ sional Credentials Division, Department of Public Instruc­ tion, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, for a high school equivalent certificate, which when issued by' this Division, will be ac­ cepted by the State Teachers College as equivalent to grad­ uation from a four-year high school. 7. No credit for public or private teaching experience, pre­ viously credited as high school equivalent or as equivalent professional credit toward graduation, is granted or counted toward meeting the requirements for entrance to or gradua­ tion from the four-year curricula. Q U A LITY POINT SYSTEM 1. For the purpose o f reporting the progress of, and giving assistance to each student, each semester is divided into two periods o f approximately eight weeks each. A t the end of the first eight weeks of each semester, each teacher hands to the administration office a record of the students not doing satisfactory work. A report is made to each student and, when necessary, to the parent. At the end of the suc­ ceeding period, a similar report is made. At the end of the semester, a permanent grade is recorded for each student, and a copy is sent to the parents. Grades are notfreported to the parents of trainees attending college under the V et­ erans Administration. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 26 2. A Quality Point System is in operation and demands that before a student can be graduated, he must have a number of quality points equal to the number o f semester hours required in the curriculum, exclusive of the student teaching requirements. That is, a student must have 128 semester hours o f credit to be graduated, and, under the quality point system, he must have 116 quality points in excess of those acquired in student teaching. 3. Quality point requirement before a student may be admitted to student teaching: a. A student is not permitted to enter student teaching unless his quality points equal the number of semester hours required by the curriculum. b. A student in the secondary curriculum is permitted to enter student teaching if he has achieved an average of "C ,” or better, in each subject field to be taught in the laboratory school. The Quality Point schedule is as follows: An " A ” grade gives 3 quality points for each semester hour of credit so marked, a *'B” grade, 2 quality points, a "C ” grade, 1 quality point, and a " D ” grade, no quality points. 4. Students whose competence is demonstrated by placement tests and educational records, who wish to select advanced courses may, with the approval of the institution, subsitute such approved advanced courses in a particular field for those listed in the curriculum. This regulation applies to all curricula. REQUIREMENTS FO R G RAD U ATIO N AND C ER TIFICA TIO N 1. Every student in the State Teachers College, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, selects, during the first two years, one o f the seven degree curricula offered. A ll curricula are definitely four years in length and require the satisfactory completion of 128 semester hours for the degree of Bachelor o f Science in Education. Every graduate is entitled to the Provisional College Certificate in the appropriate curriculum which, after three years o f successful teaching and the earning of six additional semester hours o f prescribed credit, becomes a Permanent College Certificate. 2. The Normal School Certificate and the State Standard Limit­ ed Certificate are no longer issued except to those who have already begun preparation for one of these forms o f certifi­ cate. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 3. 27 A ll students are required to take part, without credit, in one physical education activity each semester in which no physical education courses or student teaching are required, and a minimum o f one other extra-curricular activity, one semester each year. AWARDS Scholarship Prizes The class of 1908 offers a yearly prize of ten dollars to the student having the highest average at graduation from one o f the curricula in elementary education. This prize was awarded on Commencement Day, 1947 to Anna Katherine Kankin, Hunting­ don, Pennsylvania. Public Speaking Prize The Class o f 1916 offers a yearly prize of five dollars for excellence in public speaking. The prize for 1947 was awarded to Francine Toll, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. George L. Brown Scholarships By the will o f the late Dr. George L. Brown, an alumnus of this institution, the sum of $1 5 ,0 0 0 was placed in trust, the interest of which is available for scholarships to the amount of $100 each, per year, to assist deserving young men and women to acquire and education at this college, perference being given to resi­ dents of Middle Paxton Township and Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County. Persons interested in and qualified for these scholarships should apply to the college, Harriet Wylie Stewart Scholarships By the will of the late Harriet W ylie Stewart, a distinguished member of the faculty for many years, the sum of $ 1 0 ,000 was placed in trust, the interest o f which is available for scholarships to the amount of $100 per year, preference being given to resi­ dents of the Middle Spring area of Southampton Township Frank­ lin County, and Southampton Township, Cumberland County. Persons interested in these scholarships should apply to the college. Working Scholarships The college offers a limited number of opportunities to students to earn part of their expenses while attending college. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 2S These opportunities are in the form of working scholarships maintained by the college. Applications for these working schol­ arships: .should be made on the application forms provided for this purpose. Awards of these scholarships are made in accord­ ance with financial need, quality of college citizenship, and scholastic ability, in consequence o f which these awards are more often made to upper classmen than to freshmen. THE ALUM NI LO A N FUND Boarding students who need financial aid during their senior year may borrow a sum, not exceeding>$100, from the Alumni Loan Fund for one year from the time of their graduation with­ out interest. Students in need o f such assistance must- file their request for aid, with the president, not later than August 15 of the year preceding their graduation. The following Alumni Loan Scholarships have been estab­ lished: Prof. John F. M cCreary— G ift of Metropolitan Alumni Associa­ tion. Dr. G eorge M. D. E ckels — G ift of the Class o f 1898. Prof. J. W . H ughes— G ift of the Class of 1893. Dr. Josep h F. Barton— G ift of L. M. Shepp, 1896, Millersburg, Pa. D r. Jam es Eldon — G ift of the Class of 1921. Prof, and Mrs. C. I. Penny — G ift of the Class of 1886. Scholarship, Class o f 1907— G ift of the Class of 1907. Dr. G. M. D. Eckels — G ift of the Class of 1898. D r. Jam es Eldon — Two Scholarships, G ift of the Class of 1924. A dam s County— G ift of the Alumni of Adams County. H . M ilton R oth — G ift of the Class of 1899. D r. Josep h F. Barton — G ift of the General Alumni Association. C lass o f 1890— G ift of John M . Fogelsanger, 1890, and H. K. Strickler, 1890. Y. W . C. A .— Scholarships. Country L ife Club— Scholarships. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 29 T he A da V. H orton Scholarship Fund — Class of 1911. Class o f 1922 Fund. Class o f 1901 Fund. Class o f 1896 Fund. T he A da V , H orton Scholarship Fund — G ift of the Alumni o f Y ork County. Scholarship — Franklin County Chapter o f the Daughters of the American Revolution. T he H annah A . K ie ffe r R ural Scholarship Loan. Ezra Lehm an Scholarship Fund — Class of 1896. W om en’s A thletic A ssociation L oan Fund. These loans are made annually to seniors who need assist­ ance and whose records are meritorious. 30 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD THE CURRICULA The curricula offered at this college include elementary education provid­ ing emphasis in early childhood education, in intermediate education or in rural education; secondary education for teaching the various academic subjects ■of the junior and senior high school curricula; education for teaching in the fields of adult education and business education. A curriculum known as cooperative education provides! instruction in the techniques requisite in pro­ gressive schools. All curricula are four years in length and lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education and to a Provisional College Certificate to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Since the national survey of teacher education, undertaken by the Office of Education at Washington, revealed through its published reports the wisdom of distributing the material in schools and colleges of education to provide liberal, cultural basis in the first two years and place the professional emphasis in the last two years, the curricula for the State Teachers Colleges of Penn­ sylvania have been revised to conform to these findings and the recommenda­ tions of this survey. ELEMENTARY CURRICULUM (Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons) Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F i r s t S e m e s te r T h ird S e m e s te r English I, including Library Science ................ Fundamentals of Speech . . Biological Science I ............ Health and Physical Education I ............................ Place and Purpose of Education in the Social Order ....................................... Appreciation of Music . . . 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 20 15 Economic Geography . . . . Literature I (English) . . . General Psychology ......... Physical Science I ............ Health and Physical Education III ............................ Elective ................................ 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 — — 19 16 F o u r t h S e m e s te r 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 4 2 Literature II (American) . 3 Principles of Sociology . . . 3 or Principles of Economics ............................ (3 ) Educational Psychology . . 3 Physical Science II ............ 4 Health and Physical Edu cation IV ......................... 3 Elective ................................ 4 20 16 20 S eco n d S e m e s te r English II ............................ Principles of Geography . . Biological Science II . . . . Health and Physical Education II ......................... History of Civilization . . Appreciation of A r t ............ Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. 3 3 (3 ) 3 3 17 1 4 31 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F i f t h S e m e s te r United States History before 1865 ....................... 3 Teaching of Reading . . . . 3 ♦Music I .............................. 4 ♦Art I ................................... 4 Curriculum in Arithmetic. 2 School Law .......................... 1 Health and Physical Education V .......................... 3 Electives .............................. 2 — 22 Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S e v e n th S e m e s te r 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 — 16 Educational Measurements. 2 Curriculum in Elementary Science .............................. 4 Visual Education .............. 2 Children’s Literature and Story T e llin g .....................3 Evolution of the American Public School . . . . 2 Ethics . . ......................... 3 American Government— Federal, State and Local 3 — 19 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 — 17 S ix th S e m e s te r History of Pennsylvania . . 2 Teaching of English, ineluding Handwriting . . 4 Music II .............................. 3 Art II ................................... 3 United States History since 1865 ................................... 3 Health and Physical Education V I ....................... 3 Electives ................ .. 3 — 21 Notes: 2 3 2 2 3 1 3 < --16 E ig h th S e m e s te r Student Teaching and Conferences ..................... 18 Curriculum Materials, Selection a n d Adaptation . . .............................. 4 — 22 TO TAL ............................163 12 3 15 128 (1) The electives in the first two years shall consist of such approved courses as will meet the needs of the students’ future program of studies. (2) The electives in the last two years shall be selected with reference to the field of service for which the prospective teacher is preparing. ♦Admission to the professional courses in Art and Music—Art I, Art II, Music I and Music II—will be restricted to those students enrolled in the •elementary curriculum who have, in written and oral examinations, demon­ strated A sufficient mastery of the knowledge and skill necessary to enable ¡them to pursue these professional courses with profit. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 32 SPECIALIZATION AND ELECTIVES 1. Students enrolled in the State Teachers Colleges may qualify for thedegree of Bachelor of Science in Education by satisfactorily completing, the basic elementary four-year curriculum and twelve semester hoursoffered at the College at which the degree is to be conferred. 2. Students desiring to specialize in Early Childhood Education (nursery school, kindergarten, grades 1, 2, and 3 ) , Intermediate Education (grades 4, 5, and 6 ) , or Rural Education (grades 1-6 or 1-8) shall be required to complete satisfactorily the basic four-year elementary curriculum and meet the following specific requirements for the field of specialization desired: Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. a. Early Childhood Education Early Childhood Education ..................................................... 3 ♦Student Teaching in Grades Below Fourth ................ 18 Curriculum Materials Selection and Adaptation for Early Childhood Grades ........................................................ 4 25 b. Intermediate Education Teaching of American History and G overnm ent.............. 3 ♦Student Teaching in Intermediate Grades ......................18 Curriculum Materials Selection and Adaptation for Intermediate Grades .............................................................. 4 25 c. 3. Rural Education Rural School Problems .....................' ..................................... 3 ♦♦Student Teaching under Rural School Conditions .18 Curriculum Materials Selection and Adaptation for the Rural School or in Grades l-<3 or 1-8 Under Condi­ tions Approximating Those in Rural Schools ............4 3 12 318 3 12‘ i18 312 3 25 18 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 Electives Child Adjustment ..................................................................... Child Psychology ........................................................................ Diagnostic and Remedial Instruction in Reading . . . . . . Education for Family Living ................................................. Mental Hygiene ........................................................................ Safety Education .......................................................................... School Finance ............................................................................ Teaching of Arithmetic ............................................................ ♦Three semester hours of the twelve required may be observation and par­ ticipation in other age levels of the elementary field. * * Three of the twelve semester hours required may be observation and partic­ ipation in the Early Childhood Education or Intermediate Education divivsions. 33 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE SPECIALIZATION AND ELECTIVES (Continued) Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Red Cross First Aid Standard Course and Advanced Course, . ................................................................................ 30 2 Red Cross Home Nursing ....................................................... 3 1 Clinical Psychology ..............................................................Var. Crdt. Workshop ...................................................................................... 3 Education of Exceptional Children .................................... 3 3 and courses in academic fields and special curriculums approved at the college in which the student is registered, provided that to achieve a breadth of background not more than six (6 ) semester hours may be selected from courses listed above and not more than six (6 ) semester hours may be selected from any one academic field or special curriculum except that (a ) Twelve (1 2 ) hours may be elected in Speech including Dramatics. (b ) Students pursuing the Elementary Curriculum who may elect to specialize in Speech Correction, in Mental Retard­ ation, or inj any other phase of education for teachers of atypical children may take twelve (1 2 ) hours in courses related to these fields and in addition thereto may sub­ stitute courses in the field of specialization to a total of six semester hours for any two of the following: Ethics ............................................................................ 3 Curriculum Materials ....................................................4 Student Teaching .......................................................... 4 3 3 3 provided such substitution has the approval of the Presi­ dent of the College. SECONDARY CURRICULUM (Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons) Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Second S e m e ste r F i r s t S e m e ste r English I, including Library S c ie n c e ................... 4 Fundamentals of Speech . . 3 Biological Science I ............4 Health and Physical Education I ............................ 3 Place and Purpose of Education in the Social Order ................................ 3 Appreciation of Music 1 . 3 3 2 20 15 3 3 3 1 English II . .......................... . Principles of Geography . . Biological Science II . . . . Health and Physical Education II ....................... . History of Civilization . . Appreciation of Art . . . . 3, 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 — 20 1 4 2 — 16 34 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S ix th S e m e s te r T h ird S e m e s te r Economic Geography . . . . 3 Literature I (English) . . 3 General Psychology . . . . . 3 Physical Science; I ............ 4 Health and Physical Edu­ cation III .......................... 3 Elective ................................ 3 19 3 3 3 3 1 3 Problems of Secondary 2 E d u catio n ......... .. Health and Physical Edu- 2 11xafion VI . ............. 3 1 Histo'r||f of the United States, including the His‘ to rj of Pennsylvania . 3 Electives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 10 16 18 16 F o u r th S e m e s te r Literature II (American) . 3 Principles of Sociology ‘ . . 3 or Principles ‘ of Eco­ nomics í , . '¡ . ..................(3 ) Educational Psychology . . 3 Physical Science T I ............ 4 Health1'and Physical Edu­ ca tio n IV : . ' ................ 3 Elective V.............................. 4 20 3 3 (3 ) 3 3 1 4 17 F i f t h S e m e s te r American Government— Federal, State and Local 3 School Law ......................... 1 EdücatiOnkI Measurements. 2 Health and Physical Edu­ cation V ............................ 3 Electives ..................................10 1 10 1? 17 3 1 2 S e v e n th S e m e s te r Evolution of the American Public School 1: . . . 2 Visual Education . . . . . . . 2 Ethics .............................. . . . 3 Electives ....................... . . .10 2 1 3 10 17 16 E ig h th S e m e s te r Student Teaching and Con­ ferences ‘ . . . . ...................18 Curriculum Materials, Se­ lection and Adaptation . 4 TO TA L 22 ..........................155 12 3 15 128 Note: A major field consists of a minimum of 24 semester hours. A minor field consists of a minimum of 18 semester hours. SUBJECT FIELD REQUIREMENTS FO R SEC O N D A R Y CU RRICU LU M ENGLISH (Required courses) 'C l. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. English I .............................. 4 3 English II ............................ 3 3 English Literature .............. 3 3 American Literature ......... 3 3 Recommended Advanced Composition . . . 3 3 English Philology .............. 3 3 Electives Q . Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Contemporary Poetry . . . . 3 3 3 Essay .................... : ............. 3 Journalism ............................ 3 3 Modern Drama ................... 3 3 Modern N o v e l..................... 3 3 Nineteenth Century Novel 3 3 PreShakespearean Literature 2 2 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Electives 3 3. 3 3 3 3 3 Principles of Geography . 3 Economic Geography . . . . 3 3 3 Recommended Geography of Europe . . . . 3 Geography of Latin Ameri3 Geography o f Pacific Realm 3 Geography of United States and Canada ..................... 3 3 3 3 3 Electives Meteorology.................... Climatology and Metero- 3 logy . ................................. 3 Physiography ....................... 3 3 3 3 Field Courses (to be ap­ proved) ............................ Trade and Transportation 3 Geography of Pennsylvania 3 Geography of Australasia and Africa ................... Geographic Influences in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 French I and II (Elemen­ tary) .................... 6 French III and IV (19th Century and Contempor­ ary Prose and Poetry) . 6 French V (Outline Course in French Lit......................3 French V I (17th Century French History and Lit­ erature Composition). 3 6 6 3 3 Electives 3 Commercial and Industrial Geography ............. Conservation of Natural. Resources ....................... Applied Mathematics . . . . Advanced College Algebra History" of Mathematics . . Synthetic Geometry . . . . . Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation ....................... 3 FRENCH Recommended GEOGRAPHY (Required Courses) ................................ Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Electives Romantic Literature . . . . . 3 Shakespeare ......................... 3 Short S to r y ...................... 3 Victorian Prose and Poetry 3 W orld Literature ................ 3 Eighteenth Century Litera­ ture ................................... 3 American Poetry ................ 3 ica 35 3 American History ........... 3 Geography of A s ia .......... 3 3 3 French V II and V III (R o­ mantic and Realistic Movement in French L it.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 French I X (French Novel 3 French X (French Drama) 3 French C iv ilizatio n ............ 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 MATHEMATICS Recommended SPANISH Recommended Elementary Spanish ............ 6 Intermediate Spanish .... 6 Introduction to Spanish Lit­ erature .............................. 3 Spanish Conversation . . . . 3 6 6 3 3 Electives College Algebra ................ 3 College Trigonometry . . . .3 3 3 Analytic Geometry ............. 3 Differential Calculus . . . . 3 3 Integral’ Calculus ........ Statistics ........................... 3 3 3 3 3 Advanced Spanish Conver­ sation ........................... 3 Commercial S p a n ish .......4 Spanish-American Litera­ ture .................. 6 Contemporary Spanish Dra­ ma ..................................... 6 3 4 6 6 36 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. LATIN (N ot offered 1948-49) Recommended . Latin I (Ovid and V irgil) 3 3 Latin II (Livy) . ............ 3 3 Latin III (Cicero and Ta­ citus, DeSenectute and De Amicitia) ....... 3 3 Latin IV (Horace) 3 3 Latin V (Plautus and Ter­ ence) ................................ 3 3 Latin V I (Roman. Civiliza­ tion) ................................ 3 3 Electives To be approved in terms of the needs of students. SOCIAL STUDIES (History Required) Electives Contemporary Economic Problems ......................... 3 Municipal Government . . 3 Comparative Government . 3 Evolution of Social Institu­ tions ................................... 3 Rural S o cio lo g y................... 3 United States History . . . . 6 History of Pennsylvania . . 2 Ethics ..................................... 3 Industrial R elatio n s............ 2 Introduction to Philosophy 3 Social Problems ....................3 3 3 3 3 3 6 2 3 2 3 3 BIO LO G Y History of Civilization . . 4 4 Principles of Economics . . 3 3 Principles, of Sociology. . . 3 3 American Government . . . 3 3 History of the United States, including History of Pennsylvania......... 3 3 Electives United States History . . . . 6 6 European History ................ 6 6 History of Pennsylvania . . 2 2 Social and Industrial His­ tory of the United States 3 3 Renaissance and Refor­ mation ................................ 3 3 Contemporary European History! ¡ .......... . . . , . . , 3 3 History of England . . . . 3 3 History of Latin America . 3 3 History of\ the Far East . . 2 2 Note: Nine semester hours in the field of history with nine semester hours in the field of social science is the minimum requirement for cer­ tification in the field of social stud­ ies. SOCIAL SCIENCE (Required) History; of Civilization . . Principles of Economics . . Principles of Sociology . . Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. American Government . . . 3 3 History of the United States, Including History of Pennsylvania.......... 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 Instead of Biology Science I and II, students specializing in Biology shall take either Botany I and II or Zoology I and II. Instead of Physical Science I and II, students specializing in Biology shall take Chemistry I and II. Recommended General Botany I (Flower­ ing Plants) ..................... General Botany II (NonFlowering Plants) . . . . General Zoology I (Inver­ tebrates) .......................... General Zoology II (Verte­ brates) ...................... Electives Comparative Anatomy . . . Bacteriology .......................... Ecology ................ : ............. Entomology ......................... Embryology .......................... Field Botany ....................... Field Zoology ..................... Forestry ................................ Heredity .............................. Histology .............................. Ornithology .......................... Parasitology .......................... Physiology ............................ Plant Propagation .............. 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 37 Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. CHEM ISTRY Instead of Physical Science I and II, students specializing in Chemistry shall take Physics I and II. Biological Science I and II or the equivalent number of hours in Bot­ any and Zoology are required for students taking chemistry as the first field of specialization. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Recommended Inorganic Chemistry I . . 6 Inorganic Chemistry II . . . 6 Qualitative Analysis .......... 7 Quantitative Analysis . . . . 7 Organic Chemistry I . . . . 6 4 4 3 3 4 Recommended Physics I and I I ................ 12 Mechanics ............................ 5 Electricity and Magnetism 6 8 3 4 Electives Heat ....................................... O p tic s ................................. 5 Sound ..................................... Radio Communication . . . Physical Measurements . . Astronomy ............................ Photography ....................... Modern Physics ................ Aeronautics .......................... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 GENERAL SCIENCE Electives Organic Chemistry II . . . . Industrial Chem istry......... Physical Chemistry ......... Biological Chemistry . . . . Chemistry of Food Nutri­ tion ..................................... Photography ....................... 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 PHYSICS Students specializing in Physics must demonstrate competence in mathematics adequate to carry courses in Physics. Instead of Physical Science I and II students specializing in Physics shall take Chemistry I and II. Biological Science I and II or the equivalent number of semester hours in Botany and Zoology will be re­ quired. Thirty (3 0 ) semester horn's in scientific fields shall be required as a minimum for specialization in the field of General Science and shall include courses in Chemistry .Physics, Botany, Zoology, Earth Science and Mathematics. 38 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD BUSINESS ED U CATIO N CU RR ICU LU M Business Education Department The State Teachers College, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, has been specifically designated by the State Department o f Pub­ lic Instruction to train teachers of business subjects for the high schools and the junior high schools of the Commonwealth. The fulfillm ent of the four-year requirement leads to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education, thereby certifying the gradu­ ates in the field of business education as teachers or as supervisors. Young men and women who are graduates of academic or commercial high school courses are afforded a splendid oppor­ tunity to obtain training in teaching techniques, and also in business skills. Purpose The purpose of the curriculum in Business Education is to provide thorough and systematic training in the fundamentals o f business education, thus giving an intelligent understanding of both the generalized and specialized spheres of education en­ compassed in the activities o f business education. Teaching Sequence The Department of Business Education offers four teaching sequences: General Business, Accounting, Secretarial, and Retail Selling. The General Business sequence leads to certification in the three major fields of business— accounting, typewriting, and shorthand. The Accounting, Secretarial, and Retail Selling se­ quences permit more freedom in the selection o f electives, thus providing an opportunity for certification in other fields, or per­ mitting certification in two Business Education curricula. In addi­ tion to the sequence elected, certification to teach business law, commercial arithmetic, economics, clerical practice, and junior business training will be secured. Equipment Modern office machines are a part of the equipment of the Department. Calculating and adding machines, posting mach­ ines, duplicating equipment— mimeograph and mimeoscopes— dictating and transcribing units, and other up-to-date office appliances enable the student to obtain both a theoretical knowl­ edge of and practical training in the use of the mechanical timesavers o f business. ♦Shippensburg State Teachers College is a member of the National Association of Business Teacher-Training Institutions. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 39 Opportunities There is a large and growing demand for qualified degree­ holding teachers of business education in the high schools of the Commonwealth. Orientation and exploratory courses, and increased guidance in junior high schools have caused a demand for teachers of elementary business training and kindred sub­ jects. The realization that retail selling needs trained personnel has caused an impetus in the demand for teachers trained in this phase of business education. More and more high schools are taking advantage o f the services of graduates of the retail selling course. The main outcome o f the curriculum is qualified teachers of business subjects, but various concomitant learnings emerge during this period of training. The dual character o f the subject matter enables a graduate to obtain command of various skills that are usable in the business world. Thus, graduates are fitted to serve in the educational world, and also in the business world. I f at the end of two years a student does not desire to com­ plete the full course immediately,^ B e will be prepared to do efficient work in an office until he can return to complete the last two years and obtain his degree. Practical Experience Practical experience in various phases o f business is a vital and essential part of the preparation of prospective business edu­ cation teachers. This experience,, to be of the most value, should be in the field or fields in which the student is preparing to teach. Such experience can be acquired largely during summer vacations and part time while attending college. Elective Fields The fields of English, social studies, science, and geogra­ phy are especially recommended as other teaching combinations for students in business education. Teacher Placement Our graduates are placed without charge in teaching posi­ tions through the Placement Department of our College. The Department o f Business Education likewise takes special inter­ est in securing positions for its graduates. Teachers-in-service also have the assistance of our Placement Department. TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 40 Summer Session A Summer Session consisting of two six week sessions is conducted to meet the varying needs of different groups of students : 1. Commercial teachers who wish to obtain additional certification. 2. Commercial teachers who wish to continue training for the B.S. degree in Education. 3. Those students who wish to shorten the time necessary to complete the four-year course. During these sessions courses are offered in the most mod­ ern commercial teaching theory, methods, and subject matter. Those interested in the Summer Sessions should write for a descriptive bulletin. G R A D U A T IO N R E Q U I R E M E N T S A N D G E N E R A L IN F O R M A T IO N 1. On completing the basic first year of the Business Education curriculum, students are expected to choose one of the following: General Com­ mercial Sequence, Accounting Sequence, Secretarial Sequence, or Retail Selling Sequence, as shown on the following pages. 2. Sequence of courses is subject to change for administrative reasons. 3! The satisfactory completion of the curriculum outlined with not fewer than 128 semester hours’ is required for graduation. 4. Any courses offered at the college may be chosen as electives subject to the approval of the President. 5. To be graduated with a Retail Selling Sequence, two semesters of Account* ing credit are required. BUSINESS EDUCATION CURRICULUM * Basic First Year Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S eco n d S e m e s te r F i r s t S e m e s te r English I including Li­ brary Science ................ 4 Place and Purpose of Busi­ ness Education in Social Order . . . . . . . . . . 3'. Fundamentalggof Speech . 3 Health and Physical Edu' cation I ............................ 3 Business Mathematics I . . 3 Busin@l W r itin g ............... 3 Typewriting I .................. 3 22 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 15 English II ............................ 3 Economic Geography . . . . 3 Health and Physical Edu­ cation I I ......................... 3 Business Mathematics II . 3 Accounting I ....................... 5 Typewriting I I .................. 3 Shorthand I ......................... 5 3 3 25 17 1 3 3 1 3 4l SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE G E N E R A L C O M M E R C IA L S E Q U E N C E Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Hrs. Hrs. S ix th S e m e s te r T h ird S e m e s te r English L iteratu re.............. 3 Business Organization and Finance ............................ 3 Accounting II ..................... 5 Shorthand II ....................... 5 Typewriting III ................... 5 Health and Physical Education III ......................... 3 — 24 3 3 3 3 2 1 — 15 Methods of Teaching Busi­ ness Subjects ................ Educational Measurements . Secondary School Business Education ..................... Economics I ...................... Visual Education.............. Clerical Practice ............. 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 5 2 3 X 3 18 15 F o u r t h S e m e s te r General Psychology............ Business Correspondence . Business Law I including School Law ..................... Accounting III ................... Shorthand Applications . . Typewriting Applications . Health and Physical Education IV .......................... 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 2 3 1 25 18 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 ■ --20 3 3 — F i f t h S e m e s te r Educational Psychology . . Business Law i l ................ Sales and Retail Selling I . Accounting I V ..................... Stenographic Office Practice ..................................... Electives ................................ S e v e n th S e m e s te r Biological Science........ 4 American Government . . . Economics II ................... History of the United States including History of Pennsylvania . . . . Auditing ......................... 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 16 15 E ig h th S e m e s te r Student Teaching and Con­ ferences ....................... 18 Curriculum Materials and Adaptation ..................4 22 12 3 15 18 A C C O U N T IN G S E Q U E N C E Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F o u r t h S e m e s te r T h ird S e m e s te r English L iteratu re.............. 3 Business Organization and Finance ............................ 3 Accounting II ..................... 5 Health and Physical EduCation III .......................... 3 Electives ................................ 6 — 20 Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. 3 3 3 1 6 General Psychology........... 3 Business Correspondence . 3 Business Law I including School Law ................. 3 Accounting I I I ........... 3 Health and Physical Edu­ cation IV ..................... 3 Electives ' ............................ 4 3 3 3 3 1 4 — 16 19 17 42 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F i f t h S e m e s te r Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S e v e n th S e m e s te r Educational Psychology .. 3 Business Law II ................ 3 Sales and Retail Selling 1 . 3 Accounting IV ..................... 3 Electives ............ .................... 6 3 3 3 3 6 18 18 Biological Science .............. American Government . . Economics II ....................... History .of the United States including History of Pennsylvania......... Auditing .............................. S ix th S e m e s te r Methods of Teaching Busi­ ness Subjects ................... Educational Measurements. Secondary School Business Education ........................ Economics I .......................... Visual E du cation................ Clerical Practice ................ 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 16 15 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 5 2 3 1 3 Student Teaching and Con­ ferences ............; ............. 18 Curriculum Materials and Adaptation ....................... 4 18 15 22 S E C R E T A R IA L Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. T h ird S e m e s te r E ig h th S e m e s te r 12 3 15 SEQ UEN CE Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F i f t h S e m e s te r English L iteratu re.............. Business Organization and Einance ........... Shorthand II ....................... Typewriting I I I ................... Health and Physical Edu­ cation III ........... Electives .............................. 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 22 15 Educational Psychology . . Business Law II ......... Sales and RetailSelling 1 3 Stenographic Office Prac­ tice ..................................... Electives .............................. 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 3 6 20 18 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 5 2 3 1 3 18 15 F o u r t h S e m e s te r General Psychology ......... 3 Business Correspondence .3 Business Law I including , School L a w .................... 3 Shorthand Applications . . 5 Typewriting Applications .5 Health and Physical Edu­ cation IV .......................... 3 Electives ................ 3 25 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 18 S ix th S e m e s te r Methods of Teaching Busi ness Subjects ................... Educational Measurements Secondary School Business Education .......................... Economics I .......................... Visual E du cation................ Clerical Practice ................ SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 43 Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Hrs. t _ HH| I S e v e n th S e m e s te r Biological Sciehce' 1 . . . . . . American Government . . . Economics ,11 ....................... History of the United States | including History of Pennsylvania......... Electives ................................ E ig h th S e m e s te r 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 16 15 R E T A IL Student Teaching and Con­ ferences ............................18 Curricula;® Materials and Adaptation ..................... 4 22 12 3. 15 S E L L IN G S E Q U E N C E Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S ix th S e m e ste r T h ird S e m e ste r English L iteratu re.............. Business Organization and Finance ............................ Accounting II ................... Health and Physical Education III .......................... Electives' ................................. 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 6 1 6 20 16 Methods of Teaching Business, subjects . . ......'» s s K J Educational Measurements 3 Secondary School Business Education ......................... 2 Visual E du cation................ 2 Clerical Practice ................ 5 Retail Selling II (Advertising) .............................. 3 18 3 3 2 1 3 3 15 F o u rth S e m e ste r General Psychology............ Business Correspondence . Business Law I including School Law ..................... Health and Physical Education IV ......................... Economics I ................ .. Elective ................................ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 — .---- 18 16 S ev en th S e m e ste r Biology Science ................ 4 American Government . . . 3 Economics II ....................... 3 History of the United State including History of Pennsylvania......... 3 Retail Selling III (Store Practice ............................12 Educational Psychology . . Business Law II ................ Sales and Retail Selling I . Electives ................................ 3 3 3 & — 25 F i f t h S e m e ste r 3 18 E ig h th S e m e ste r 3 3 3 7 3 3 3 7 Student Teaching and Conferences .............. ........... 18 Curriculum Materials and Adaptation ....................... 4 16 16 22 12' 3 ü TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD 44 ADULT EDUCATION CURRICULUM In the broadest sense adult education is concerned with all media of -adult learning. Today in Pennsylvania thousands of adults are enrolled in -class to seek help in solving felt needs involving almost every interest of life. There are those who wish to secure credit toward high school or college graduation; others need help in solving problems of family relationship; some in understanding the economic situation; some, in interpreting^ social conditionsi others, in learning the responsibilities and duties of citizenship; still others, in adjusting personality to new conditions; etc. The demand for teachers to help groups meet these vital needs is strongly felt at the present time. The State has recognized its obligation ,for adult -education by providing funds for school districts which employ teachers for adults. This college believes that it can serve the citizens of Pennsylvania by educating teachers for this adult field. A special four-year curriculum, authorized by the State Council of Edu­ cation and available at this college only, is designed to familiarize students with the theory and practice of adult education. Graduates from this curriculum will be prepared to serve in school districts that will wish to meet their obligations to the adults of the community. In addition, by judicious selection ■of electives these graduates will be prepared to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth. (Sequence o f courses subject to change for administrative reasons) Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. T h ird S e m e s te r F i r s t S e m e s te r English I, including Library Science ................ 4 Fundamentals of Speech . 3 Biological Science I ..........4 Health and Physical Education I ........................... 3 Place and Purpose of Education in the Social Order, including School Visitation ............ 3 Appreciation of Music . . . 3 20 3 3 3 1 3 2 15 S e co n d S e m e s te r English I I ......................... Principles of Geography . . Biological Science II . . . . Health and Physical Education II ......................... History of Civilzation . . . . Appreciation of A r t ........ 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 4 2 English Literature .......... Economic Geography. . . . . General Psychology.......... Physical Science 1 ............ Health and Physical Education III ....................... History of the United States including History of Pennsylvania........ 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 3 — 19 16 s 3 3 3 F o u r t h S e m e s te r American Literature ........ 3 Principles of Sociology .. 3 or Principles of Economics ....................... (3 ) Educational Psychology .. 3 Phvsi&MlScience II ..........4 Health and Physical Education I V ......................... 3 Elective ........................... 4 3 3 (3) 3 3 1 4 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. HrsW Hrs. F i f t h S e m e s te r American Government . . . School Law .......................... Psychology of Adult Learning ..................................... Health and Physical Education V .............................. Elective ................................ 45' S e v e n th S e m e s te r 3 l 3 1 3 3 3 8 1 8 18 16 Mental Hygiene ................ Guidance 1 ............................ Visual E d u c t io n ................ Community Relationships . Elective .............. .................. 3 2 2 3 7 _ 17 S ix th S e m e s te r 3 2 2 3 7 __ 17 E ig h th S e m e s te r Philosophy of Adult Education ................................... Techniques of Leadership in Adult Education . . . . Health and Physical Education V I ............................ Elective ................................ 3 3 3 3 3 9 1 9 18 26 COOPERATIVE Student Teaching and Conference .............................. 18 Curriculum Materials, Selection and Adaptation . 4 r. 22 TO TAL ..........................146 E D U C ATI O N ll 3 15 12» C U R R I C U L UM A special four-year curriculum in elementary education authorized by the Board of Teachers College Presidents and available at this college only is designed to familiarize students with the theory and practice of progres­ sive education. Graduates from this curriculum are prepared to assume posi­ tions in schools already employing, or desiring to employ, progressive tech­ niques, and are also certified to teach in any elementary school of the Commonwealth. (Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. F i r s t S e m e s te r Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S eco n d S e m e s te r English I, . including Library Science ........... Fundamentals of Speech .. Biological Science I ........ Health and Physical Educa­ tion I ........................... Place and Purpose of Edu­ cation in the Social Or­ der, including School Visitation ................. Appreciation of Music . . . 4 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 20 3 2 15 English II ............. 3 Principles of Geography . 3 Biological Science I I ...... 4 Health and Physical Educa­ tion II ......................... 3 History of Civilization . . . 4 Appreciation of A r t ..... 3 20 3 3 3 l 4 2 16 46 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. Cl. Sem. Hrs. Hrs. S ix th S e m e s te r T h ird S e m e s te r Economic Geography . . . . English Literature ............ ‘General Psychology ......... Physical Science I .............. Health and Physical Educa­ tion I I I .............................. Elective ................................ 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 19 16 Child Psychology and Guidance .......................... Créative English ................. Manuscript Writing ......... Creative Music . ; . . . . . . . Creative A r t ..................... 3 Int. Rhythm, including Teaching' qf ■Health . . . . History of the United States after 1865 ............ Literary Appreciation . . . . 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 21 17 S e v e n th S e m e s te r F o u r t h S e m e s te r American Literature ........... 3 Principles of Sociology . . . 3 or Principles of Eco­ nomics ........................... (3 ) Educational Psychology . . 3 Physical Science II . . . . . . 4 Health and Physical Educa­ tion I V ................................ 3 Elective .................................. 3 19 3 3 (3 ) 3 3 1 3 Measures and Self Testing Materials ......................... Environmental Apprecia­ tion ..................................... Visual Education................ Children’s Literature and Story Telling ................ Education for Family Liv­ ing .................................. Philosophy o f the Child Centered S c h o o l.............. History of Pennsylvania . 16 2 2 4 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 18 16 fü g h fh S e m e s te r Student Teaching and Con­ ferences ........................... .18 Curriculum Materials, Se­ lection and Adaptation". 4 F i f t h S e m e s te r American Government . . . 3 Reading A ctiv ities......... 3 Music I ...................................... 4 Art I ................................... 4 Number Projects ................ 3 School Law ......................... 1 Health and Physical Educa­ tion V .................... 3 History of the United States before 1865 . . . . 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 24 17 1 3 12 3 22 15 ...........................163 128 ELECTIVES Advanced Creative English 3 3 Advanced Creative Art . . . 4 2 Mental Hygiene ................ 3 3 Modern Drama ................... 2 2 Dramatic Technique ......... 4 2 Diagnostic and Remedial Instruction in Reading . 3 3 Any electives provided for the elementary curriculum. TO TAL Field trips to progressive schools will be taken as an integral part of this ■curriculum. Students. electing this curriculum must be prepared to meet the cost of these trips taken to Bedford, York, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington. SHIPPENSBUBG COLLEGE ISSUE COURSES OF 47 INSTRUCTION Courses are designated according to the following scheme: Initial letters show subject field; numbers show curricula— 1 - 1 0 , all curricula; 1 1 - 2 0 , required elementary; 2 1 -2 6 , required coop­ erative; 27-29, required secondary; 30-36, elementary elective; 37-39, cooperative elective; 40-60, secondary elective; 61-89,. business education (61-81,^required on all business education sequences; 82-89, required on special sequences; S— Secretarial, B — Accounting; R— Retail Selling, or electives as indicated); 9 0 and above, adult education and general electives. THE A RT S Art A-1— Appreciation of Art The aim o f this course is to develop an understanding of the history o f painting, sculpture, and architecture of the present day. W orks are analyzed for artistic qualities, principles, and techniques. Methods of teaching art appreciation in the elemen­ tary grades are emphasized. 2 semester hours Pre-requisite Course to A rt I This course is given in the sophomore year to students in the elementary field who do not meet the required standard o f the achievement tests in art, administered to all students in ele­ mentary education, and is pre-requisite to the professional courses in art. W hen the required proficiency is attained, the course may be dropped. 2 class periods per week. N o credit A-11 A ft I (Painting and Drawing) Projects in such media as reed, wood, soap, plaster, clay, leather, and linoleum are presented in this course to produce skill, to prepare students to teach art in the elementary grades, and to develop an appreciation of art in everyday life. Practical information pertaining to art teaching is presented during class recitations. 2 semester hours A-12— A rt 11 (Arts and Crafts) Color theory, creative design, lettering, still life, figure paint­ ing. architectural perspective, and landscape paintings are studied in this course to enable students to express themselves compe­ tently in such media as pencil, ink, charcoal, pastel, watercolor, tempera, and oil and to complete their professional preparation for teaching art in the elementary grades. Art education theory is covered in class recitations. 2 semester hours 48 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD HANDWRITING A ll elementary students are required to attain a proficiency in handwriting evidenced by the Zaner-Bloser Handwriting Certif­ icate. MUSIC A-2— Appreciation of Music This course is a cultural study of the history and appreciation of music, from the seventeenth century to the present day. The media used for this study are the victrola, the radio, the music library, and the piano. The course stresses the use of music as a means to a fuller appreciation of life and leisure time. 2 semester hours Pre-requisite Course to Music I This course is given in the sophomore year to students in the elementary field who do not meet the required standard in the achievement tests in music, administered to all students in elementary education, and is pre-requisite to the professional courses in music. W hen the required proficiency is attained, the course may be dropped. 2 class periods per week. N o credit A-15— Music I This course is designed to prepare students for sight-sing­ ing, recognizing and singing melodies dictated to them and to familiarize them with elementary theories o f music. Students are taught to write music, to use the voice correctly, and to sing in two part harmony. 2 semester hoursA-16— Music I I . Pre-requisite A-15 This course prepares the student for the teaching of music in the kindergarten, primary, intermediate, and rural departments of the elementary school. Many o f the ideas and practices taught in course A -15 are carried on for further development. In addi­ tion, theories of teaching from an appreciative basis, singing in three parts, and creating music from rhythmic and melodic patterns are presented. 2 semester hours. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE BUSINESS 49 EDUCATION B-66— Bookkeeping and Accounting I The aim of this course is to introduce the students to book­ keeping and accounting by means of typical financial records used by single proprietory business units. The entire cycle o f bookkeeping procedure is covered. 3 semester hours B-B-82— Bookkeeping and Accounting II Bookkeeping principles are reviewed and their application to partnership accounting emphasized. : 3 semester hours B-B-83— Bookkeeping and Accounting III The fundamental principles of accounting theory and prac­ tice as they affect the corporate business unit are presented and applied in problem solving. 3 semester hours B-B-84— Bookkeeping and Accounting IV Branch, departmental, and manufacturing cost determina­ tion under the job order and process systems is studied. 3 semester hours B-B-85— Accounting V and Auditing Purpose and scope of audits and examinations are con­ sidered. 3 semester hours B-62— Business Mathematics I The purpose of this course is to apply known arithmetical skills to business problems pertaining to percentage, discount, interest, bank discount, and valuation. 3 semester hours B-63— Business Mathematics II This course aims to give further drill in the elementary problems of business mathematics and bookkeeping, but the main purpose emphasizes application of business mathematics to ad­ vanced accounting problems encountered in carrying on the mod­ ern functions of selling, marketing, financing, and managing of business units. 3 semester hours B-65— Shorthand I The emphasis in this beginning course is on reading of shorthand plates, writing, and mastery of the fundamentals o f theory. .3 semester hours 50 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD U-S-83— Shorthand II A study of fundamentals is continued with increasing em­ phasis on dictation and transcription. 3 semester hours B-S-84— Shorthand Applications This course consists of advanced dictation and transcrip­ tion with a thorough review of shorthand theory. 3 semester hours B-61— Business Writing A ll business students are required to attain proficiency in business writing and to become acquainted with methods o f teach­ ing penmanship in secondary schools. 1 semester hour B-67— Business Organization and Finance This course deals with the fundamental information and study of the organization and management of typical businesses. The private-enterprise system, basic tools of business management, production, personnel relations, finance, competition, and risk are studied. 3 semester hours B-68— Clerical Practice and Business Machines The course is designed to acquaint the student with mod­ ern office equipment— calculating, posting, duplicating, dictating and transcribing machines— filing systems, office procedure, and business papers. 3 semester hours 8-69— Business Law I Including School Law An introduction to the study of fundamental business law, court procedure, contracts, agency, and negotiable instruments is given. A unit of school law is included. 3 semester hours B-70— Business Law II The course includes study of the law of business organiza­ tions, personal property, security relations, and real property. 3 semester hours 8-72— Secondary School Business Education A study of the principles underlying business education and their application to curriculum problems is made. Typical busi­ ness education curricula are considered and their suitability to the requirements of various communities stressed. The student is in­ troduced to the broad field of business education literature. 2 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 51 B-73— Educational Measurements Consideration of basic theory and test construction is fol­ lowed by a study of tests and methods of measurement as applied in Business Education. 3 semester hours B-74— Business Correspondence Problems arising in business situations are utilized for the study o f form and content of business correspondence. Essentials o f grammar are reviewed. W riting of various types of business letters forms an integral part of the course. 3 semester hours B-75— Methods of Teaching Business Subjects Definite application of the psychological principles o f skill building and the laws o f learning is made to the subjects included in the business education curriculum. A study of lesson plans, of teaching, and supplementary material is included. 3 semester hours B-S-87— Stenographic Office Practice This is an advanced stenographic practice course. T he theory and practice of secretarial duties common to all lines of busi­ ness are included as is secretarial dictation. 3 semester hours 8-64-a— Typewriting I This beginning course emphasizes the mastery o f mechanical skills requisite to basic manipulative typewriting skill. Diagnostic and remedial work are stressed. 1 semester hour B-64-b— Typewriting II Dexterity and efficiency in handling the typewriter are stress­ ed, and placement of manuscripts, letters, and simple tabulation are taught. 1 semester hour 8-S-85— Typewriting III Speed building, advanced letter writing problems, business and legal forms, and transcription from shorthand notes are stressed! ' "1 semester hours B-S-86— Typewriting Applications Practical business problems form the basis for teaching materials emphasizing application to advanced typewriting problems. 2 semester hours 52 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD B-71— Sales and Retail Selling I This course is an introduction to a general study of the principles of salesmanship, personnel and store lay-out, in their relation to selling. This study certifies in general salesmanship. 3 semester hours B-R-82— Retail Selling II This course is a general survey of the entire field of adver­ tising procedure from the inception of the advertising idea to the completion of the advertisement. 3 semester hours B-R-83— Retail Selling III A study of the fundamental problems of marketing is made. 3 semester hoursB-R-84-Retail Selling IV Retail store organization and management and the problems of store operation are studied. 3 semester hours EDUCATION AND PSYCH O LO G Y Ed-1__ Place and Purpose of Education in the Social Order This course is intended to acquaint the student with the major functions of education in contemporary society. It is not essentially a professional course. It includes a survey of the organ­ ization, underlying purposes, and the content of American edu­ cation with some reference to education in non-democratic society. 3 semester hours Ed-2— General Psychology This is an introductory study of the field of mental life. The course aims to lay a foundation for all later study in educa­ tion or psychology and to give a general appreciation of the psychological approach to an analysis of animal and human be­ havior. 3 semester hours Ed-3— Educational Psychology The application of the principles of psychology to the guidance of mental development is made. Special consideration is given to the native equipment of human beings; the cultiva­ tion o f habits of thinking, feeling, and acting; the psychology of individual differences; the laws of learning and the psychology of school subjects. 3 semester hours SHÏPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 53 Ed-4— School Law This course is designed to acquaint the student with the provisions of the law relative to the organization of the school system, the provision for levying and collecting taxes, the method of determining the State appropriation, the duties and responsi­ bilities of boards of school directors, superintendents, principals, teachers and other school officials and employes, as well as the basic philosophy underlying the operation of the school system o f the Commonwealth. 1 semester hour Ed-5— Educational Measurements (See B-73) This course is concerned primarily with measurement as a significant element in the educative process. Various techniques o f constructing achievement tests are considered. Special empha­ sis is given to the evaluation of tests, the! administration o f tests, statistical interpretation of test results, and diagnostic procedures. 2 semester hours Ed-6— Visual Education W hat philo'sophy justifies the widespread use of VisualSensory aids? W hat aids are available? How should they be used? W hat will they accomplish? W hat should they cost? Such analyses are made regarding pictorial materials and their pro­ jection, objective materials, the school journey, auditory and other types of sensory aids. 1 semester hour Ed-7— Evolution of the American Public School This course is designed to acquaint the student with the development of the American public school in both elementary and secondary fields. 2 semester hours Ed-8— Ethics W hile a study of the fundamental theories of human con­ duct, including the nature of man, his relation to God, to society and to himself, is considered, special emphasis is laid upon the ethical practices peculiar to the teaching profession. 3 semester hours Ed-9— Student Teaching This activity is required during the last year of training. It includes observation, participation and teaching and is offered according to the specialization of the student in Early Childhood, Intermediate, Rural, Cooperative, Secondary or Business Education fields. The Campus Laboratory School affords training in the 54 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD kindergarten and grades one to six. Training in the Rural field is obtained in a two-room school in Shippensburg Borough. The Shippensburg schools also provide for training in the Junior and Senior High Schools and in grades one to six. 1 2 semester hours Ed-10— Curriculum Materials, Selection and Adaptation Parallels student teaching experiences. Through directed readings, research, discussion, observations, and experimentation, the student interprets and applies the principles of effective teach­ ing and learning. The objectives of education, the development of the curriculum, and the selection, organization and adaptation of materials constitute the major problems of the course which is in charge of group directors as co-ordinators assisted by the Laboratory School Staff. 3 semester hours Ed-27— Problems of Secondary Education This course offers a study of the aims, functions, and devel­ opment o f secondary education; the consideration of trends in curriculum construction in relation to the reorganization of second­ ary education; the aims and functions of guidance in the secondary school; the responsibility of the individual teacher for educational and vocational guidance. 2 semester hours £d-30— Early Childhood Education A study is made o f the growth, learnings and adjustments characteristic of children from infancy through the early school years, the nursery school through the first three grades. Consid­ eration will be given to such problems as language ability, choice of adaptations o f materials, arrangement of the environment, ac­ tivities and controls needed for optimum development. Observa­ tion in the laboratory school and case studies will be made. 3 semester hours Ed-31— Child Psychology This course presents a study of the physical, mental, emo­ tional, and social development of the Child from birth to adoles­ cence. The period from five to ten years of age is especially em­ phasized, and opportunity is given to observe children in the Laboratory School. 3 semester hours Ed-32— Special Education This course is intended to acquaint the student with the different types of atypical children— gifted, mentally sub-normal, tubercular, partially blind, partially deaf, speech defective, Crip­ pled, socially maladjusted— who require a special program, special devices, and special teaching techniques. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 55 Ed-33— Child Adjustment This course presents a study of the physical, mental, emo­ tional, and social development of the child from birth to adoles­ cence. The period from five to ten years of age is especially emphasized, and oportunity is given to observe children in the Laboratory School. 3 semester hours Ed-34— Rural School Problems A study o f the relationship of education to rural society and the consideration of problems pertinent to the personnel, maintenance, equipment, and organization of a rural school. 3 semester hours Ed-35— School Finance This course includes an analysis of school costs, together with a consideration of the possible sources o f revenue. Current expenses are contrasted with capital outlay, and the theories and problems o f incurring debt through the issue of bonds are studied. Consideration is given to the methods o f school accounting in use and recommended in the Pennsylvania public schools. 2 semester hours Ed-37— Mental Hygiene This course considers the problem o f adjustment of the individual, with the idea of developing a healthy mental state and giving the fundamental principles o f this development in child life. 3 semester hours Ed-40— Adolescent Psychology A survey of mental development from puberty to maturity, including social, emotional, moral and intellectual growth, as influenced by hereditary and environmental forces is made. Em­ phasis is given to available means and methods of educating the adolescent. 2 semester hours Ed-41—-Clinical Psychology This course is designed to give the clinical experience nec­ essary for certification as a psychological examiner. The work covers the administration and interpretation of performance tests, individual and group intelligence tests, achievement tests, per­ sonality inventories, and the use o f clinical instruments. Credit is given on the basis o f one semester hour credit for each 4 5 dock hours spent in the actual work of the clinic; maximum credit is six semester hours. Registration ,with the consent of the Dean o f Instruction and the Director of the clinic. Variable credit. 56 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD ENGLISH E-l— English I This course is a course in fundamentals emphasizing the structure and use of correct English. The work is based upon the needs of students as discovered in their written composition and in their speech. . 3 semester hours E-2— English II This composition course is designed to further the student’s knowledge of fundamentals and improve his written and spoken English. Pre-requisite English I. 3 semester hours E-3— Fundamentals of Speech This course stresses the fundamentals of good speech, voice, and diction. In connection with pronunciation, emphasis is placed upon dictionary study. Exercise is given in numerous speech activities, such as reading, dramatics, and various types of speaking. Special attention is given to the speech problems of individuals, revealed through mechanical recordings. 3 semester hours E-4— Literature I A study o f the major types of English prose and poetry by means of discussion, reports, and analysis is made. 3 semester hours E-5— Literature II Types of American literature from Colonial times to the present by means of discussion, reports, and analysis are studied. 3 semester hours E-l I— Teaching of Reading A fter a general survey of the reading process and the aims of reading instruction is made, attention is equally divided be­ tween primary and intermediate grade reading methods and materials. The work is supplemented by demonstrations in the laboratory school and in the classroom. 3 semester hours E - l2— Teaching of English This course deals with the materials used in elementary English classes and the methods used in handling such materials. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 57 E-13— Children's Literature A fter a brief survey is made of children’s interests and the characteristics o f good juvenile literature, the course is largely devoted to the study o f the various types of suitable poetry ana prose for use with children. Story telling and dramatization are included in the study of methods of presentation. 3 semester hours E-22— Reading Activities A fter a study of fundamentals of the reading processatile course is devoted to examination o f the various activities lead­ ing toward and used in actual reading. Full use is made of literary and factual materials which lend themselves to the newer types of reading programs. 3 semester hours E-30— Diagnostic and Remedial Instruction in Reading This is an advanced course in dealing with reading d iffi­ culties. One period each week is devoted to practice with prob­ lem cases in the laboratory schools. (Pre-Requisite E - l l ) . 3 semester hours E-37— Modern Drama The course is designed to give the student a background upon which to base his judgment of dramatic literature and dramatic production. 3 semester hours E-38— Dramatic Technique Discussion o f plays suitable for school production and a study o f the techniques involved are emphasized. 2 semester hours E-40— English Philology This course outlines the historical development of the English language, with a brief survey of historical grammar and review of the principles and methods involved in the study of grammar. 3 semester hours E-41— Advanced Composition An advanced course is offered in various types o f exposi­ tory composition and other types of discourse, for students pre­ paring to teach English. 3 semester hobbs E-42— Shakespeare Plays typical o f the author’s various dramatic periods are studied. There is a core of intensive reading in class, with ex­ tensive reading for report. Initial consideration is given to the 58 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD social and dramatic background of the author. Information de­ rived from the course is related to the consideration o f high school Shakespearean plays. 3 semester hours E-43— Short Story This course is designed to give the student a knowledge of the history and technique of the short story. American, Eng­ lish, and European writers are considered. Stories are written by students interested in this phase of the work. 3 semester hours E-44— Modern Novel This is a study of the modern novel in English. T he course begins with the work o f Hardy and includes the writing of the 3 semester hours younger novelists of the present time. E-45— World Literature A limited survey course designed to furnish a basis for cultural reading. European literature is stressed. 3 semester hours E-46— Contemporary Poetry A study o f British and American poetry of the Twentieth Century is made. The course acquaints the students with modem trends in poetry, works for the appreciation of verse forms, and suggests contemporary poetry suitable for intermediate and high school classes. 3 semester hours E-47— Victorian Prose and Poetry This course deals with the writings of the greater Victorian poets and essayists and stresses the trends of Victorian thought as found in the literature o f the age. 3 semester hours E-48-—Journalism An advanced composition course is offered stressing the development o f school papers and magazines. 3 semester hours E-49— Pre-Shakespearean Literature This course considers literature from the beginning of Ang­ lo-Saxon poetry to the writings of Shakespeare’s time. Emphasis is placed upon the work of Chaucer. 2 semester hours E-50— Romantic Period The aim of this course is to acquaint students with the English Romantic Movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Emphasis is placed upon poetry and literairy criticism of and by the poets of this period. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 59, E-51— Essay A survey of the essay from the time of Charles Lamb to the present day is made. 3 semester hours E-52— Modern Drama See E-^7. E-53— 19th Century Novel This course includes a study of the novel from the tim e of Jane Austen and Sir W alter Scott to the end of the Victorian period. 3 semester hours E-54— The 18th Century This course includes the study o f satire in poetry, drama, novel, and essay, together with the development of the novel, the traces of coming romanticism, and certain examples o f letter writing, biography, and political oratory. 3 semester hours FOREIGN LANGUAGES French F-40 and 4 1-—Elementary French A thorough review of the fundamentals of French gram­ mar and pronunciation is made. Reading material is chosen from late nineteenth century and contemporary literature. Meth­ ods and problems involved in the teaching of French are intro­ duced. Emphasis is placed on French life and customs. 6 semester hours F-42 and 43— 19th Century and Contemporary French Prose and Poetry Reading and discussion of the important works o f the novelists, dramatists, and poets o f romanticism and realism and of the more recent literary movements form the basis o f this course. 6 semester hours F-44— 17th Century French History and Literature A study of the classical period o f French literature with, special emphasis on the plays of Corneille, Racine and Moliere is made. 3 semester hours 60 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD F-45— Outline Course in French Literature This course provides a rapid survey of the origin and de­ velopment of French language and literature. An attempt is made to trace the development o f literary types and o f ideas. 3 semester hours F-46 and 47— Romantic and Realistic Movements in French Literature A study of the origins and development of romanticism and realism in French literature is made. 6 semester hours F-48— The French Novel A study of the novel, its origin and development is offered. The most important novels o f each period are read and discussed. 3 semester hours F-49— French Drama This course traces the history of French drama. The most important plays of each period are read and discussed. r 3 semester hours These courses include practice, in speaking and writing French. Methods and problems involved in the teaching of French are progressively introduced and discussed. The literature is pre­ sented with its historical and cultural background. F-50— French Civilization This course develops an understanding of modern France through a study of the factors that have produced the French nation and its civilization. This course may be elected by students who are not French majors. 3 semester hours SPANISH Sp-40 and 41— Intermediate Spanish A thorough review of the fundamentals of Spanish gram­ mar and pronunciation. Reading material is chosen from the contemporary literature of Spain and Spanish America. 6 semester hours Sp-42— Introduction to Spanish Literature This course offers a rapid survey of the history o f Spanish literature with emphasis on the development of literary types and ideas. 3 semester hours 61 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE Sp-43— Spanish-American Literature A rapid survey o f the history of literature and ideas in Spanish American countries is made. 3 semester hours Sp-44— Spanish Civilization This course traces the development of Spanish culture and its influence both in Spain and in Spanish America. 3 semester hours; Sp-45— The Spanish Drama This course traces the development of the Spanish Drama. 3 semester hoursSp-46— Spanish Conversation Spoken Spanish and training in the organization of ma­ terial for conversation, 3 semester hours Sp-47— Commercial Spanish Business letters and practices. This course is correlated with work in the Business Education Department. 4 semester hours GEO G RA PH Y • G - l— Principles of Geography The emphasis of this course is on the relationship between the physical and the cultural environment. Some o f the important geographic factors, such as clim ateS natural vegetation, soil, minerals, water bodies, and topography, are discussed. This course includes the fundamental principles of mathematical geography. 3 semester hours G-2— Economic Geography This course deals with the agricultural, industrial, and com­ mercial relations of the world. Special emphasis is placed upon the agricultural geography of the United States and its ability to feed, clothe, and shelter itself. Minerals, their distribution and world interdependence is stressed. Urban geography and the geographic problems o f s i t e * location, and growth o f the larger cities o f the world are studied. 3 semester hours; G-21 — Environmental Appreciation (Cooperative Education Curriculum) This course offers a study of the factors that influence man’s needs, progress, and culture, including the forces of nature and the development of science and social economics designed 62 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD to conserve and protect life in general. Field trips are used for observation and evaluation of these problems of study. 3 semester hours G-30— Geography of the United States and Canada (Elementary Curriculum) This course includes analyses of areas in the western hem­ isphere which are basic to a development of units o f geographic understanding in elementary grades. Source materials, the geo­ graphic tools, and techniques necessary for effective teaching are considered, though emphasis is placed on the study of adjust­ ments of man to his environment. 3 semester hours G-31— Geography of Europe (Elementary Curriculum) This course supplements the Geography o f the United States and Canada. Greater complexity of the natural, economic, and political regions Jisuggests the desirability of having this •course follow G -30. Study is made o f the underlying conditions of Europe, Asia, and Africa as a basis for present and recurring problems of their peoples. 3 semester hours G-40— Geography of the United States and Canada (Secondary Curriculum) National welfare and progress demand a knowledge of how adjustments are to be made to natural regions, whether physical, climatic,' or economic in character. This course aims to show how such adjustments in the United States and Canada may be made through planning based on factual knowledge, rather than on accidental and transitory expedients. 3 semester hours G-41— Geography of Latin America A general survey of South America is made, followed by an intensive study of each major geographic region. This regional study gives the student a more complete understanding of the relationship between physical and cultural development o f South America and the interdependence of North and South America. 3 semester hours G-42— Geography of Europe A general picture of the physical landscape of Europe is given in the first part of the course. The second part deals with an intense regional study of Europe. The economic and political problems are stressed in light of the physical background. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE to G-43— Geography of the Pacific Realm This course deals with the problems of the peoples o f the Pacific Basin. The main emphasis is put upon the geography of China, Japan, and Australasia. The economic and poiltical rela­ tions o f the Orient and Occident are stressed. 3 semester hours G-44— Climatology and Meteorology This course is divided into elementary meteorology and climatology. Amateur daily weather forecasting and instrument use form the natural interest in the course. T h e important classi­ fications of climate are studied, and the student is expected to know one classification completely. Plant and animal responses are studied in light of their climatic environment. 3 semester hours G-45— Physiog ra phy The course is designed to give the student an appreciation o f topographic features and modifying agents of the earth. The m ajor topics discussed are as follows: weathering, wind, ground ana running water, ice vulcanism, diastrophism and wave and ocean currents. 3 semester hours G-46— Conservation of Natural Resources The course deals with the study of intelligent utilization of soils, forests, grasslands, and minerals as well as the proper utilization of streams, lakes, and wild life for recreational pur­ poses. The idea of a national program in conservation is includ­ ed in this course. 3 semester hours G-47— Field Courses From time to time the department of geography offers field courses to various parts of the country, including W estern United States, New England and Maritime Canada, Southern United States, and intensive field work in Pennsylvania. The credit varies from 3 to 6 semester hours, depending upon the area stud­ ied and the length o f time in the field. 0-48— Commercial and Industrial Geography This is an intensive course studying the factors controlling agricultural, and industrial relationships. Emphasis is put upon production and utilization of commodities. T h e development of the city and factors controlling city growth are stressed. 3 semester hours 64 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD G-49— Trade and Transportation The fundamental aspects of trade are studied in detail, and the methods of moving goods from the areas of production to the areas of consumption stressed. Trade centers and trade routes are Studied. Commercial and Industrial Geography is pre­ requisite for this course. 3 semester hours G-50— Geography of Pennsylvania This is an extensive course dealing with the phyiscal and cultural development of the state. Geology, climate, soil, and natural vegetation are emphasized where they influence the cul­ tural pattern. Field trips to local points of interest are an integral part of the course. 3 semester hours G-51— Geographic Influences in American History A m e rica n History is interpreted from a geographic view­ point. The geographic effect upon political, social and economic life of the country is emphasized. 3 semester hours. G-61— Economic Geography (Business Education Curriculum) This course combines the principles basic to a classification o f climatic types with a study of the variations of natural vege­ tation, soils, minerals, etc., of these regions. The diverse prod­ ucts of the regions so studied form the background for a con­ sideration of foreign and domestic commerce and the responsi­ bility in the economic planning for world peace. 3 semester hours HEALTH EDUCATION The Department of Health and Physical Education provides facilities in archery, badminton, baseball, basketball,^football, hiking, hockey, quoits, shuffleboard, soccer, soft ball, swimming, table tennis, tennis, track, volley ball, and water polo. W hile the college has no liability for physical injury in the athletic pro­ gram, every effort is made to protect the student from such in­ jury, and adequately equipped hospitals are available in Chambersburg and in Carlisle. Provision is made for teaching the necessary skills in these athletic activities, and a program o f intra-mural contests in a variety of games is maintained. Opportunity is also given, to learn the teaching and supervising of . these games for children and of acting as an official in refereeing and umpiring athletic contests. The development o f these skills is both a personal and professional asset to the student, insuring healthy participation SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 65 in physical exercise after graduation and not infrequently pro­ viding an additional qualification for the student’s teaching service. A uniform costume for physical education is prescribed for all students. This-■costume may be obtained after enrollment at the college and must be worn in the gymnasium. HEd.-l— Health Education I This course provides for two hours of activity and one hour of class-room procedure throughout the freshman year. In the activity course the student becomes familiar with modern con­ ceptions of physical education and develops skills in team and individual sports with special emphasis upon carry-over values. Hockey, soccerJ archery, basketball, swimming and tennis ate included in the first semester, also a program of folk and national dances. In the classroom the student becomes familiar with the fundamental health habits, attitudes, and knowledge supporting his daily living. 1 semester hour HEd.-2— Health Education 11 This course is a continuation of Health Education I with the same division o f time. In the activity course volley ball, deck tennis, ping pong, shuffle board, baseball, tennis, archery, and swimming are included in the second semester; also a program of social and modern dancing. In the classroom the student will be free to study specific health problems which are of personal interest to him. 1 semester hour HEd.-3 and A— Health Education 111 and IV These courses are a continuation o f 1 and 2. 1 semester hour each HEd.-5 and 6— Health Education V and VI These are professional courses. In physical education the activities suitable for grades one to six are presented, together with the methods o f teaching these activities to the boys and girls of these grades. In. health educa­ tion the information necessary for background, the methods o f teaching health as an integrated subject in the modern school program, and the health of the teacher himself are studied. Stud­ ent teaching opportunities are offered. Physical Activity Seniors who are not doing student teaching have two hours a week activity. This program includes major sports, swim­ ming, and dancing. 66 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD MATHEMATICS M-l I— Curriculum in Arithmetic The major objectives of this course are to give the student an overview o f the curriculum in arithmetic fo r the elementary grades, and to study present trends in teaching the basic phases of the work in grades one to three, from the standpoint of sig­ nificance and meaning. 2 semester hours. M-30— Teaching of Arithmetic This course is a continuation o f Curriculum in Arithmetic with special emphasis on methods of procedures in grades four to eight inclusive. The significance o f informational as well as computational phases of the subject is studied. Military appli­ cations are included. 3 semester hours M-40— College Algebra 3 semester hours M-41— College Trigonometry 3 semester hours M-42— Analytic Geometry 3 semester hours These three courses cover the materials usually taught in the courses of College Algebra, Trigonometry, and Analytic Geom­ etry. The following topics are among those included: Radicals, quadratics, ratio and proportion, variation, progressions; graph­ ical representation of algebraic and trigonometric functions and their applications; angles, logarithms; solution o f right and oblique triangles; identities; straight line, circle and conic sec­ tions, including translation and rotation of axis, etc. M-43— Calculus I This course studies differentiation and integration o f alge­ braic functions using derivatives; implicit differentiation o f func­ tions; use of differentials, maxima and minima; applications in velocity and acceleration areas, pressure, work, volumes, etc. 3 semester hours M-44— Calculus 11 Continuation o f Calculus I, extending the use of derivatives and integrals to trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 67 M-45— Statistics The purpose of this course is to prepare students to read articles employing statistical terms and to compute statistical measures. It will include a study o f measures of central tenden­ cy, the normal curve, measures o f variability and correlation. 3 semester hours M-46— College Algebra 11 This is a continuation of College Algebra I and will include a study o f mathematical induction, variations, progressions, in­ equalities, complex numbers, theory of equations, partial frac­ tions, permutations, combinations, probabilities and determinants. 3 semester hours M-47—-Synthetic Geometry This is a first course in college geometry. The method used is the method of synthetic geometry. 3 semester hours M-48— History of Mathematics The aim of this course is to acquaint the student with the history of the development of mathematics with special empha­ sis upon the history of the content usually taught in the elemen­ tary and secondary fields. 3 semester hours M-49— Applied Mathematics W ork is chosen from the following fields: surveying, includ­ ing use o f the level, transit, sextant and plane table; theory and use of the slide rule; shop mathematics, mathematics in the fields of business, social studies, science, and agriculture; application o f mathematics in military tactics, air and sea navigation; teaching of mathematics in high school, etc. 3 semester hours M-50— Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation This course includes a study o f the geometry of the earth including solution of spherical triangles and applications to air and sea navigation; piloting, dead reckoning, radio and celestial navigation. 3 semester hours 68 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD SCIENCE Biology BS-I and 2— Biological Science I and II This course involves the study of the general principles of animal and plant biology together with the concomitant results that spring from the efforts in gaining them. It is given as a basis for further study as well as to acquaint the student speci­ fically with the biology underlying human behavior. Specifically, the course involves a brief study of cell struc­ ture with the series of their combinations, the functions o f organs o f plants and animals, embryology, a few micro-organisms, and a few general animal and plant groups .Some of the fundamental theories of biology are briefly considered. 6 semester hours BI-41— Botany I— Angiosperms This course emphasizes mainly the morphology. It is pre­ sented from the standpoint of the sequence of growth in the life cycle of the plant. A study of the evolution o f the various tissues and organs as they occur in the development is made. Physiology is made a consideration in the course. 3 semester hours BI-42— Botany 11— Plant Phyla This presents a survey o f the plant kingdom by studying typical representatives of the subdivisions of all plant groups. The plan o f development is that o f noting how the sporphyte part of plants evolves and predominates while at the same time the gametophyte part o f the plants degenerates or becomes less conspicuous. 3 semester hours BI-43— Zoology I— Invertebrate Zoology The various phlya o f the invertebrate groups are studied. The course is morphological in nature with consideration of the physiology and ecology of the animals studied. 3 semester hours Bi-44— Zoology 11— Vertebrate Zoology This course is designed to give fairly comprehensive under­ standing o f the vertebrates as a group with emphasis upon physi­ ology. T he dogfish shark and frog are studied. 3 semester hours Bi-45— Ecology This course attempts to give an understanding o f the inter­ relationships o f plants and their environment. Plants are studied SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 69 where they grow. Climate, soil, and topography are fundamental accessory studied in the course. Pre-requisites: Botany I and II. 3 semester hours Bi-46— Entomology Anatomy, life histories, distribution, and classification of insects are studied. T he economic relationship is emphasized. As far as possible, insects are studied in their living places— streams, fields, woods, etc. Pre-requisite: Zoology I. 3 semester hours Bi-47— Comparative Anatomy Amphioxus, the shark and the cat or rabbit are made the central points of study in this work. T he various systems are studied with emphasis upon the comparative relationships; physi­ ology is made a factor in the work. Pre-requisites: Zoology I ana II. 3 semester hours Bi-48— Heredity The basic modern principles o f heredity and variation, in-, volving the mechanism necessary for their better understanding, are studied. Eugenics is emphasized. 3 semester hours Bi-49— Bacteriology In this course the morphology, physiology, distribution, and taxonomy of bacteria, yeasts, and molds are studied. Special em­ phasis is placed on pathogenic bacteria and on micro-organisms whose activities are of economic importance, including those which cause fermentations. Pre-requisite— course in biology or equiva­ lent. 3 semester hours Bi-50— Parasitology A study is made of the identification, life history, source of infection, symptomatology, and medical treatment of the var­ ious protozoa, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes which jparasitize man. Some time is also devoted to bacterial parasites. 3 semester hours CHEMISTRY Ch-41 and 42— Inorganic Chemistry I and II A systematic study is made of the history, occurrence, prep­ aration, properties, metallurgy, and the applications to daily life of the important non-metallic elements and their compounds. Emphasi|g is placed upon chemical calculations and upon the fundamental principles, laws, and theories o f chemical action. 70 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD The laboratory work during the second semester is devoted to Qualitative Analysis which is designed to acquaint the student with the theory and practice by which the important metals and acids are separated and identified in complex mixtures, alloys, ores, and minerals. A study is made of ionization, mass action, and other fundamental theories. 8 semester hours Ch-45 and 46— Quantitative Analysis I and 11 This is an introductory course illustrating the fundamental principles of gravimetric, volumetric, and electrolytic methods of analysis. Practice in stoichiometry, careful manipulation o f ap­ paratus, and accurate analysis is stressed. 7 semester hours Ch-47 and 48— Organic Chemistry I and 11 An introduction to the study o f carbon compounds. Covers the aliphatic and aromatic series with a discussion of the more important derivatives. Processes involved in the more important industrial operations and life processes in plants and animals are stressed. 7 semester hours Ch-49— Biological Chemistry This course includes the study of the chemistry of digestion and enzymes, the metabolism o f carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, composition of foods, respiration and nutrition. 3 semester hours Ch-50— Industrial Chemistry The purpose o f this course is to show the applications of chemicalprinciples in variousindustries. Visits to certain key industries, classdiscussions, and reports will comprise the course. 3 semester hours Ch-51— Physical Chemistry Designed to acquaint the student with the laws and theories that relate to the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, molecular weight determinations, solutions, atomic structure, thermo-chem­ istry, chemical equilibrium, and colloids. 3 semester hours PHYSICS PS-1 and 2— Physical Science I and I I This makes a survey o f the fields of astronomy, geology, physics and chemistry, presenting the organization o f each field ana as much subject matter as time permits. 6 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 71 Ph-41— General College Physics I This course covers mechanics and heat. Exact quantitative relations are stressed, but without the use of calculus. First semes­ ter. 4 semester hours Ph-42— General College; Physics 11 This course covers the subject of electricity and magnetism, light, sound, and modern physics. 4 semester hours Ph-43— Mechanics This is an intermediate course covering the entire field of mechanics. Recitations, problems and laboratory work. Pre-requi­ site P h -4 l— General College Physics. Offered the first semester of alternate years. 3 semester hours Ph-44— Electricity and Magnetism Fundamentals o f magnetism, magnetic circuits, measure­ ments in magnetism, electrostatics, current electricity, both DC and AC, measurements in electricity, interrelations between mag­ netism and electricity, etc. are studied. Pre-requisite Ph-42— Gen­ eral College Physics. Offered the second semester o f alternate years. 4 semester hours N ote: W hile courses in mathematics are not required in connection with a major or minor in Physics, it is strongly urged that some mathematics courses be taken. T h e student should plan for a minimum o f 6 semester hours in mathematics, and additional courses will be to his great advantage. SCIENCE S-l I— Curriculum in Elementary Science Elementary courses in science should acquaint students with their environment and their significance to their environment. Beginning with familiar facts and phenomena, scientific growth ana the nature and importance o f science in life need to be taught the students. In succeeding grades the background of pre­ ceding grades needs to be enlarged and emphasized. Sources of information are very necessary and some time is spent on this problem in the course. This course offers a plan of procedure for science teaching in the elementary grades and provides a basis for experience in planning suitable courses for the several grades in the elementary curriculum. 3 semester hours 72 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD S-40— Astronomy A non-mathematical study of all the heavenly bodies, moon, solar system, stars, clusters, and nebulae is made. Familiarity with the planets and the more interesting constellations is developed by field work. N o pre-requisite. 3 semester hours. S-41— Teaching of Pre-flight Aeronautics This is a professionalized course for prospective teachers of Pre-flight Aeronautics in the secondary schools. 3 semester hours SOCIAL STUDIES History SS-I— History of Civilization An orientation course studying and comparing early civil­ izations that affected our own and surveying the major move­ ments in western culture to the present time, this course attempts to give the student an understanding o f present day civilization and his relation to it through a study of its origins and develop­ ments. 4 semester hours SS-I I— United States History Before 1865 (Elementary Curriculum) A survey course in American history designed for elemen­ tary teachers. Social, cultural and biographical materials receive special emphasis. 3 semester hours SS-I2— United States History Since 1865 (Elementary Curriculum) A continuation of SS-11 covering the period from 1865 to the present. The work is professionalized with special reference to the needs of the elementary teacher. 3 semester hours SS-I3— History of Pennsylvania This course traces the political, economic, social, and cul­ tural developments of Pennsylvania and adjoining regions. It attempts to give an intimate descriptive picture o f the life and culture of the people in the successive periods of our history. 2 semester hours SS-27— History of the United States and Pennsylvania This is a survey course in political, economic, and social history o f the United States, with emphasis upon the place of Pennsylvania in the history of the nation. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 73 SS-31— Teaching of American History and Government This course is presented to provide prospective teachers with procedures and materials necessary to acquaint children o f inter­ mediate elementary grades with the history and government of our country. 3 semester hours SS-41— European History I This is an advanced course in medieval and early modem history stressing the political, economic, or cultural phases as the class may choose. Pre-requisite, History o f Civilization. 3 semester hours SS-42— European History II A continuation of SS-41, this course surveys European developments to the present time. Pre-requisite, History o f Civ­ ilization. .3 semester hours SS-43— Twentieth Century World History This advanced course deals with recent international relations and with major economic, political and cultural trends and con­ flicts in the contemporary world. It traces the efforts toward world unity, stressing the development of the United Nations. Pre­ requisites, SS-41 and SS-42. 3 semester hours SS-44— History of the United States I and Pennsylvania This course for Social Studies majors and minors deals with the culture and development of the American colonies and their transformation into an independent nation. The chief political, economic and cultural trends o f the nation to 1865 are studied with emphasis on the development of democracy. 3 semester hours SS-45— History of tha United States 11 A continuation of SS-44 dealing with the period from 1865 to the present. The interrelation of economic, political and cul­ tural factors is stressed. Considerable emphasis is placed upon the nation’s development, since 1918. 3 semester hours SS-46— History o f England A survey o f English history .stressing the political, economic and cultural developments which enter most largely into the American heritage and bind the two nations together. Emphasis is placed also on the recent economic, social, imperial and foreign policies o f Great Britain. 3 semester hours 74 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD SS-47— History of the Far East The important historical developments and cultural achieve­ ment of the Orient are surveyed to provide an understanding of recent events there. The modern relations of eastern Asia with Europe and America are traced, and the results of this im­ pact upon both civilization are studied. 2 semester hours SS-48— History of Latin America This course surveys the political, economic, social and cul­ tural development of Latin America. It compares the Latin Amer­ ican pattern of culture with our own, and studies the place of the Latin nations in world affairs. 3 semester hours SS-49— History of American Diplomacy A survey o f American foreign relations from the Revolu­ tionary W ar period to the present. Special attention is given to factors determining our foreign policies, influence and propa­ ganda from abroad, the American press and public opinion, economic and other special interest groups. An advanced course for History majors. Pre-requisites, History of the U. S. I and II. 3 semester hours SS-50— Social and Industrial History of the United States This advanced course traces the development of various phases o f the American economy and studies the interaction o f economic and social forces which have created it. One or two phases o f our economic history are chosen by the class for special emphasis and study. Pre-requisites, U. S. History I and II. 3 Semester hours SOCIAL SCIENCE SS-2— Principles of Sociology An introductory course which introduces students to fun­ damental sociological concepts and applies these in a study o f some o f our most important social institutions. 3 semester hours SS-3— American Government The basic principles of the American government and con­ stitution are studied and compared with those o f other coun­ tries, the machinery and procedure of government described, and some major governmental issues and activities considered. Emphasis is placed upon vital problems such as democracy and efficiency in government, administrative reorganization, tax re­ form, and local government areas. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 75 SS-5!— Principles of Economics The relation of the economic organization and its principles to the student as an economic individual, especially as a con­ sumer, is the central theme here. Emphasis is placed on such personal problems as credit buying, market practice, housing, in­ vestments, and insurance. 3 semester hours. SS-52—Contemporary Economic Problems Continuation of SS-51. The economic organization and behavior of our society is examined in such fields as money and banking, foreign trade, corporations, labor, agriculture, public utilities, and public finance. Emphasis is placed on the broad social effects of economic con­ ditions today and on economic reforms for the general welfare. Pre-requisite, SS-51. 3 semester hours SS-53— Industrial Relations An advanced course which deals with corporations, pro­ duction and labor, with the emphasis on the relations of labor and capital, and the relation of government to these two forces. Pre-requisite, Principles of Economics. 2 semester hours SS-54— Comparative Government A comparative study of the principles, «forms and functions of fascist, communist and democratic governments. Such subjects as bureaucracy, dictatorship, constitutional order, federalism, legislative representation, political parties and electoral systems are examined in this functional and comparative fashion. Pre­ requisite, American Government. 3 semester hours SS-55— Municipal Government This course deals with local government, especially the principles and problems of the government of our urban areas. Pre-requisite, SS-3. 3 semester hours SS-56— Social Problems A sequel to SS-2, this course is concerned with the more persistent problems which grow out o f social change and mal­ adjustment. Among the specific problems studied are family con­ flict, problems of population shift, increase and composition, race and national conflict, industrial conflict, poverty, crime and de­ linquency. 3 semester hours 76 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD SS-57— Ed-8 Ethics W hile a study of the fundamental theories of human con­ duct, including the nature of man, his relation to God, to society and to himself, will be considered, special emphasis will be laid upon the ethical practices peculiar to the teaching profession. 3 semester hours SS-61— Economics I (Business Curriculum) This course is equivalent to SS-51. 3 semester hours SS-62— Economics 11 (Business Curriculum) A continuation of SS-61, this course is equivalent to SS-52. Pre-requisite, SS-61. 3 semester hours SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 77 SOCIAL PROGRAM GOVERNMENT The Student Cooperative Association This body determines the amount of the activity fee and through its constitution delegates to the President’s Council the determination of the activities’ budget and its administration. The President's Council T his body is composed of seventeen student members and four advisory faculty members, all of whom hold membership in the council ex-officio, by reason of their leadership o f specific activities o f the college. The President of the college is the Presi­ dent of the Council. It administers the activities’ funds through a budget system by which each of the activities o f the college is allocated its share o f the money available for this purpose. The Council elects a student treasurer and checks against the activities fund must be signed by the President and the Treasurer o f the Council. This body controls and directs the student activities of the college under the authority of the Student Cooperative Associa­ tion. The Council is responsible for the operation of the cafe­ teria under the sponsorship o f the dietitian and of the retail store under the sponsorship of the business manager. The cafe­ teria serves primarily the day students of the college although all students and faculty are free to avail themselves of its serv­ ices. T he retail store handles the purchasing o f all textbooks, college stationery, jewelry, individual athletic equipment, and other items required by the several courses of study and extra­ curricular activities of the college. Student Government Organizations Four student government organizations exist at this col­ lege: one for day student women, one for boarding student women, one for day student men and one for boarding student men. Each organization has its officers and is responsible to the Dean o f Men or Dean of Women respectively and to the Presi­ dent’s Council for the social life of the college, including such behavior problems as arise from time to time. 78 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD MUSIC Women's Choral Club The W om en’s Choral Club is an organization of women selected by examination. Any student is eligible if she meets the requirements, but the total number must not exceed fifty mem­ bers. This club appears in concert during the year and aids in other musical performances of the college. Men's G lee Club Admission to this club is by examination in the ability to sight-sing and to read music written in four parts. T he total number of men in this organization is determined by the direc­ tor, proper balance o f the different parts being the deciding fac­ tor. The club gives a concert each year, followed by a tour. It is necessary for all members of this organization to enroll fo r at least two semesters. College Band This group plays for all the home football games and at least two away from the campus. The band also drills, forming letters o f all the visiting college. During the first semester this group is primarily a marching band, but during the second se­ mester it is a concert band, giving at least one concert at the college. The band also plays for numerous occasions during the college year. Admission is by examination in the techniques of the instrument and the ability to read music reasonably well. Bring your instrument to college and apply for admission if interested. The college owns many instruments which may be used by deserving students. College Orchestra This club is open to all students who play an instrument. Admission is by examination in the proper techniques o f the instrument and the ability to read music. The group plays for all Ghapel exercises, many college functions, and usually gives one complete concert. Students are urged to bring their instru­ ments and apply to the director of music for admission to this roup. Certain orchestral instruments owned by the college may e used by students. f There are other small groups, both instrumental and vocal; these include the string quartette; the male quartette; the wom­ en’s trio; the brass quartette; the string quintette, and the wood­ wind quintette. Other groups may be arranged for as required. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 79 ATHLETICS Ample provision is made for participation by every student, men and women, in one or more forms of activities, and such participation is required of each student each semester. In addition to out-of-door exercises and the regular train­ ing in the gymnasium, the college encourages the following ath­ letic sports for women: archery, hiking, hockey, soccer, basket­ ball, volley ball, baseball, tennis, and swimming. Intercollegiate competition for men is provided in football, basketball, baseball, track, and tennis, and intramural athletic activities are scheduled in the following sports: basketball, foot­ ball passing, foul shooting, golf, handball, horseshoes, quoits, shuffleboard, soccer, softball, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volley ball, and water polo. Women's Athletic Association Membership in this organization is earned by a point sys­ tem in m ajor and minor sports, the purpose being to encourage participation, cooperation, good sportsmanship, and to offer opportunities in leadership training to the women o f this college. W .A .A . promotes and participates in Sports Days with neigh­ boring colleges, holds a formal dance, provides special programs in swimming, and dancing for May Day, Homecoming, Alumni Day, etc. Men's Athletic Association A ll men students interested in athletics are members of this association. The association approves proposed intercollegiate agreements, contracts, and schedules, determines the awarding of insignia, advises as to the athletic budget, determines the eligibility of students for athletic competitions, administers the program of intra-mural sport, promotes interest in and attend­ ance at athletic contests by students and the community, and ex­ ercises such other powers and duties as may be delegated by the Athletic Council. The Athletic Council The Athletic Council consists of the athletic adviser, the director of athletics for women, the director of athletics for men, the business manager, and the officers of the two athletic asso­ ciations. The President o f the college is the chairman o f the council. The council determines the athletic policy of the college and directs the budgeting o f finances for the support of athletics. 80 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD DRAMATICS The Masquers The Masquers is an organization designed for students inter­ ested in dramatics. Members are given opportunity not only to take acting parts, but also to direct plays, and to experiment u ith lighting, make-up, and staging. In 1947-48 the Masquers presented five major productions as well as one-act plays at the regular weekly meetings o f the organization. Membership is limited and determined by competitive try-outs. STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Campus Reflector The college news publication appears semi-monthly during the college year and reports news of the student body and faculty. Its purpose is multifold; it aims to provide activity for students whose interest lies in the direction of amateur journalism; it also serves as a forum where controversial subjects may be dis­ cussed; it stimulates and maintains student morale; it is especial­ ly interested in all activities o f creative quality. For the past three years the Reflector has won a high rating in the Columbia Schol­ astic Press Association contest, achieving the medalist rating in 1947. The Cumberland The Cumberland is the annual yearbook edited and pub­ lished by the senior class and paid for by the Student Coopera­ tive Association. Every registered full-time student receives a copy of this yearbook which represents in word and picture the spirit of the college. Its form varies from year to year. RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES General religious influences are thrown around the student. One chapel period each week is a devotional period including Scripture reading, hymn singing, and prayer. The Campus Christian Association This association is open to men and women and to day and boarding students alike, is undenominational in character and assumes the leadership o f religious activity in the college. This Association provides a religious service every Sunday SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 81 evening at 6 o’clock which closes in time for students to attend evening church worship. A ll students are urged to affiliate themselves with the church of their choice, engage in the activity of the church, and attend its services on Sunday. The Bible Training Class This class, under competent leadership, is held weekly and provides opportunity for Bible study and group discussion and the development of a sound basis of Christian ethics for Christ­ ian living. CLUBS Archery Club This is a new organization sponsored by the W . A. A. but including both men and women. Membership is limited to thirty, and prospects try out before a group of judges. Entrance require­ ments were set up by charter members. Shippensbiirg is a mem­ ber of the National Archery Association. Club members conduct meets with neighboring colleges, participate in telegraphic meets, and so stimulate better performance in this sport which is so rapidly gaining popularity all over the country. Art Association As an extra-curricular organization of the college, this club is maintained for the benefit of those students who are interested in some phase of art activity. It has for its objectives the growth of art appreciation, the development of talent beyond that which the classroom offers, and participation in many college-sponsored activities, such as decorating for college dances and entertain­ ments, painting stage scenery for dramatic productions, design­ ing posters, presenting art fairs and exhibits, and visiting New York and other art centers to view important art collections. The club meets weekly on Tuesday afternoons to discuss the work o f the various committees which function within the association. New projects and activities are considered at each meeting, and past work is criticized and judged. The faculty sponsor endeavors to maintain a spirit of cooperation among the various groups within the organization in order to bring the full aid of the club to any current project or activity for the benefit of the club itself or any other department of the college. The Business Education Club This is one of the leading clubs on the Campus, and is open to all students in the Business Education Department. Its objec­ tives are to encourage scholarship, to make contact with leaders 82 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD in the field of commerce, to sponsor social activities and to plan an annual field trip to New York City for seniors to visit repre­ sentative retail establishments, high schools, museums, theatres, and other places of interest. Regular programs featuring speakers, films, and demonstra­ tions are sponsored. The social program consists of teas, parties, speakers o f prominence in the, business world, theater parties, and picnics. English Club The membership of the club is made up of students inter­ ested in the field of English. The programs are concerned with poetry, short story, novel, drama, and journalism. Each year the club attends at least one professional theatrical production, and when possible avails itself of opportunities to hear and meet lit­ erary personages. French Club This extra-curricular organization of students interested in French meets weekly and present a variety of programs, usually in French. Future Teachers of America The Future Teachers of America is an organization that gives the student an opportunity for active participation in both state and national associations with which they will be associated during their professional Careers. Monthly professional and social meet­ ings provide an opportunity to develop abilities in professional and civic leadership. Membership is open to all students. Gamma Delta Gamma The debating club consists o f students interested in debat­ ing. A ll students are eligible to membership. During the first semester one hour each week is devoted to debate practice, study of the intercollegiate debate question, and preparation for a debate tournament in December, in which the teams have been participa­ ting each year. In the second semester the teams engage in about forty intercollegiate debates, some at home and some on trip; into neighboring states. The Intercollegiate Conference on Government This group consists of students who participate in threeday sessions of the Intercollegiate Conference in Harrisburg late in April. Students from about thirty Pennsylvania colleges and universities participate in the work of a model governmental SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE 83 body, such as a legislature, constitutional convention, or a nation­ al party convention, thus learning by doing. During the second semester the student group meets one hour weekly in preparation for active part in the Harrisburg conference. International Relations Club A group of students is organized under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace for the study and discussion of international affairs. Club members make addresses and conduct forums on world affairs in neighboring high schools. Delegates are sent to the Eastern States’ Regional Conference. V isiting speakers are brought to the campus for a weekend In­ ternational Relations Conference each spring. Regular weekly meetings, Tuesday 4 :1 5 to 5 :1 5 . Mathematics Club The Mathematics Club aims to promote a greater interest in mathematics among its members and in the college. T he work o f the club includes a study of important phases of the history o f mathematics, the social significance of the subjects, mathe­ matical recreations, and other activities of a mathematical nature. The club is open to all students interested in mathematics. Kappa Delta Pi T he Epsilon Epsilon Chapter o f Kappa Delta Pi was in­ stalled on May 25, 1941. Kappa Delta Pi is a national honor society in education and was formed to encourage high intellec­ tual standards and to recognize outstanding contributions to edu­ cation. T o be eligible for membership, high scholarship and membership in the junior class must have been achieved. Phi Sigma Pi This is a national honor fraternity introduced at Shippensburg in 1931. Membership may be gained by students who have been in residence a year or more and who are able to meet the scholastic, social, and citizenship requirements. Phi Sigma Chi This is a club made up of men who wish to be o f outstand­ ing service to the college. The club limits its members to thirtysix. In order to become a member of this organization it is neces­ sary to maintain a scholastic average of C and to serve the college faithfully and well in at least one extra curricular activity each semester. Club projects are determined by-the officers and two faculty advisers. 84 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD Pi Omega Pi The Beta Lambda Chapter of Pi pm ega Pi, a national honor scholastic fraternity in Business Education, was installed on March 18, 1944. Its purposes are to encourage, promote, extend, and create interest in high scholarship in the field of commerce; to aid civic betterment; to encourage and foster high ethical stand­ ards in business and professional life; and to teach the ideal of service as the basis of all worthy enterprise. O f these scholar­ ship is considered o f primary importance. Eligibility for membership includes an expressed intention to teach in the field of commerce and the completion, with a superior rating, of fifteen semester hours in commerce and educa­ tion. The Round Table Membership is open to any student interested in discussing books and in gaining practical library experience. Each member works one hour a week in the library. Meetings are held once a month for social purposes or for book reviews. Spanish Club This organization of students meets weekly and presents a variety of programs, usually in Spanish. Swimming Club This club is sponsored by the W . A. A. for women who wish instruction in advanced swimming. The club also sponsors 'sport days, demonstrations, and recreational meets with neigh­ boring colleges. Courses in senior lifesaving are given and cer­ tificates awarded. SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE GENERAL ALUMNI 85 A SSO CIA TIO N President.......................................... W illiam B arbour , ’26 and ’30 Shippensburg, Pa. Immediate Past P resid en t............................ M ark B urkhart , ’23 Carlisle, Pa. First Vice President .......................................... R obert B eard, ’38 Chambersburg, Pa. Second Vice President ...................................... J ames A. K e l l , ’10 Greensburg, Pa. Secretary..................................... M yra E s h | | 2 6 , Shippensburg, Pa. Treasurer............................E rma K . R olar , T 8 , Shippensburg, Pa. T h e above officers o f the Association are ex-officio m embers o f the Executive Committee EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE H. F r a n k H a r e , T 7 ............................................... Phoenixville, Pa. G. W . L e f e v e r , ’ 1 7 .................................................... Gettysburg, P a . W in if r e d M K il l e r it c h e n , ’2 0 ............................Harrisburg, P a . Term Expires Alumni Day 1948 Pa u l E. S h u l l , ’23 a n d ’32 ................................. Waynesboro, Pa. J e s s ie S . H e ig e s , ’9 1 ............................................... Collegeville||Pa. P a u l S . L e h m a n , ’ 2 1 ............................................................... L e w is to w n P a . Term Expires Alumni Day 1949 R a l p h S w a n , ’ 3 1 ..........................................................N e w B lo o m f ie ld , P a . Frank R. M M ic h a e l a rkley, J. R yan, ’ 1 2 .............................................. Swarthmore, Pa. ’3 8 .......................................... Washington, D . C. Term Expires Alumni Day 1950 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD S6 ALUMNI CO U N CIL Appointe® by the Executive Committee of the General Alumni H ig h Sch o ol County Association A lum nus Julia Shultz Altoona Blair Bedford Bedford Belleville Biglerville Burnham Mifflin Adams Mifflin Camp Hill Carlisle Chambersburg Cheltenham Twp. Cumberland Cumberland Franklin Montgomery Darby Dillsburg Dry Run Delaware York Franklin John Neely Mrs. John Arnsberger Wm. Shearer East Berlin Elizabethville Adams Dauphin Elmer M. Gruver Mrs. Cora Eby Geiss Fairfield Fallsington Fannettsburg, Metal Township Adams Bucks Franklin Mary L. Scott H. C. Neagley Norman Bushey ■Gettysburg Adams Glen Nor Delaware Granville Township Greencastle Mifflin Franklin J . Lindsay Snider Wm. Conrad Dauphin Robert F. Lesher F. M. Barrick Hagerstown, Md. Halifax Harrisburg W illiam Penn John Harris Hershey Highspire Hollidaysburg Huntingdon Hyndman Dauphin Dauphin Dauphin Dauphin Blair Huntingdon Bedford Johnstown Cambria Landisburg Lansdowne Lemaster Xemoyne Lewistown Perry Delaware Franklin Cumberland M ifflin Lower Merion Lykens Lower Paxton Montgomery Dauphin Dauphin Armstrong Farber Lester E. Croft Norman Calhoun L. V . Stock Mrs. Carl Hambright Louis Illiof Mrs. Nina R. Hamilton Mary Yeager Harold Crouse John Harris Charles Raffensberger G. W . Lefever Mrs. Gail A. Gorsuch McCamphill Alexander McCune Guy Shoemaker A. Sterling King Tyrell Robinson G riff Jones, Jr. Mrs. Frank M. Magill Everett McVicker Jerry F. Trostle Monroe S. E. Gobrecht Roy Kraber Jacob Brake Pearl Green Calder Geedy Samuel Shearer Harold Kline C. R. Coyle Henry Rupp 87 SHIPPENSBURG COLLEGE ISSUE H igh S ch oo l C o u n ty A lu m n u s McClure McConnellsburg Snyder. , Fulton Martinsburg Mechanicsburg Mercersburg Middletown Mifflintown Millersburg Milroy Mount Union Blair Cumberland Franklin Dauphin Juniata Dauphin Mifflin Huntingdon W . Michael Weader Harold Welsh Claude Mellott W illiam SaboMaclay Kelly Mrs. Glenn Garnes S. A. Johnston Myra Rodgers Gertrude Shuler Mrs. J. Lindsay Snider Lola Pheasant Weyant New Bloomfield New Cumberland Newport, Newtown Newville Perry Cumberland Perry Bucks Cumberland Ralph Swan Walter S. Bailets Walter Cr|||ier Alexander Kassay C. E. Hassler Penbrook Petersburg Port Royal Dauphin Huntingdon Juniata Adam Hoover Henry J . Stoudt Mrs. E. L. Beaver Quincy Franklin Roger C. Mowrey Reedsville Roaring Spring Robertsdale Mifflin Blair Huntingdon Homer Dean Mildred G. Beegle Hazel Angle Saltillo Saxton Liberty Scotland Orphans School Sharon Hill Shippensburg Steel ton Huntingdon Bedford Franklin Delaware Cumberland Dauphin St. Thomas Susquehanna Township, Progress Swatara Township, Oberlin Franklin Dauphin Dauphin Mrs. Louise Cornelius; Rose McCahan Robert Maclay Helen M. Hefner C. R. Eurich Mark Sleichter John Rebuck Evelyn Lamaster Shatzer Russell Roddy John Coover Twin Rocks Cambria William C. Nenninger Warfordsburg Washington Twp., Waynesboro Waynesboro Wiconisco Williamstown Fulton Franklin, Franklin Dauphin Dauphin Yeagertown York Mifflin York York Springs Adams Gordon Charlton Walter Lohman Glenn Lehman Joseph H. Dodd Clayton C. Vogel James Gibbgsney George Kauffman Benjamin Nispel Anna Mary Melhorne Roy Starry 88 TH E TEACHERS COLLEGE HERALD LABORATORY SCHOOLS Campus Schools Kindergarten ............................................................................ Grade I ...................................................................................... Grade I I ...................................................................................... Grade III .................................................................................... Grade IV .................................................................................... Grade V .................................................................. Grade V I .................................................................................... Total .............................................................. SHIPPENSBURG PUBLIC 36 27 25 22 25 20 23 178 SCHOOLS Grade Schools Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade I ...................................................................................... II .................................................................................... III ..................... IV ............................................ V ........................ V I .................................................................................... Total ............. 66 74 64 65 76 66 : 411 I ...................................................................................... 18 II ...................................................................................... 17 I II .................................................................................... 17 IV .................................................................................... 16 Total ..............................................................—:— 68 West End School Grade Grade Grade Grade Junior High School Grade V II ................................................................................. 94 Grade V III ............................................................................... 76 Grade I X ......................................................... 133 Total ........................................ 303 Senior High School Grade X .................................................................................... 136 Grade X I ...... 100 Grade X I I ................................................................................. 93 Total ............................................... 329 Grand Total, Laboratory Sch oo ls..................... 1289 INDEX Administrating Of&jLis.»’ Admission, Requirements * '* >V “ . . ¿L**?, , Advanced Standing ........................................................... Alumni •Asslpiation,General 24 ......................................................................................... 8 ^ Executive Committeeof ............................................................. 85 Council of Annual Cost Athletics Awards ................................................................................................................. 8^ 21 ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............... ................................... •• ™ 27 ■•■•■■■•■■••••■■•■■■" .......................................... Calendar for Certification, Requirements^for .................................................................... 2? Clubs ................................................................................................................................... 81 College, Information Concerning ................................................ - ........................... ** Courses, De§|ription of ......................... * .................................................................... 47 Curricula ............................................................................................................................ Adult Education ........................................................................................... , •••• 44 Business Education: , . . Cooperative Education •... .............. ■•- - - ■••••••■■• •••■• ••• ......................................................... Elementary Education .................. •Secondary Education .................................................................................... Deposits Dramatics ......................... , 45 ...................................... ^ 20 , . , . ............................................................................ ........................... Faculty for 1948-1949 ...................... 5 Faculty Commit¡>.^5p'1 V v’■1......... .. •■•■•............................................................ ** Fees .............••’•••........... ...................... .................... Fraternities .................. ’..................................................................................................... Governing Organizations .................................................. 77 Graduation Requirements for ........................................................................................ 26 ■Laboratory Schools ...................... . . ••••••............... •■................¿ 88 Laboratory School FacultytAi»-........................... ^ Library . *4 Loan Fund (Alumni) J9 S 9 g ? < Music ................................ ............................................................... ............................. .. • 78 Payments, Times ..of ........................................................................................................ 21 Public,r' ^ .................. ............................ ................ .................................. 80 Quality Point System ..................................................................................................... 25 Refigi’ous Activities .................. 80 Repayments J ^ 20 Scholarships .............................................................................................................. .. •■• 27 Scholastic Regulations ................ .,.......... - / ¿ ¡S K lI Social Program ................................................ .................... .. •-.... State Council of Education .......................................................................................... 4 TrSsfe©|] Board) of .......................................................................................................... 4 Ayòrking Sch'oiafships ............................................................'........................................ 27