Volume 28 OCTOBER, 1923 Number 1 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD RURAL EDUCATION NUMBER CUMBERLAND VALLEY STATE NORMAL SCHOOL SHIPPENSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA J. R. KERR & BBO., Publishers, Chambersburg, Pa. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Rural Training Centers 1923-1924................................................. 3 Revised Class Discussion and Study Program...............-.............. 4 Geography: Revised suggestive distribution of geography lessons........... 6 Variety of method essential to good geography teaching..... 10 A suggested list of geography material for a rural school.... 15 Some sources from which geographical pictures may be purchased .................................... ..................................... Pageant suggestions................................... 20 Topics Suggested for Discussion in Agriculture.......................... 24 Art Education in the Rural Schools: The Aim.................................. ....... ........ - .......... -....................... 26 Source material in art education............................................... 26 Cross section of work for years 1-4...................................... . 29 Cross section of work for years 5-8......................................... 30 Rural School Equipment List........................................... -................ 32 Lists of Library Books now in Circulation in the Rural Training Centers .................................................-............. 35 Centers ...................... -.......... ............. ....................................— Index to Publishers and Supply Houses......................... ......... -..... 42 A Museum as a School Project......................................................... 45 Word Picture of the Hot Lunch...................... .................................. 45 Country Life Club Reports................................................................ 47 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 3 RURAL TRAINING CENTERS 1923-1924 Southampton Township, Franklin County, Pa. Prof. J. L. Finafrock....................... County Superintendent Prof. R. L. Mowery....... Assistant County Superintendent Board of School Directors Dr. Thomas D. White_________________ ...President 2Mr, Charles A. Plasterer......... ............ Secretary Mr. Amos Leidig................................................... Treasurer Mr. E. D. Fogelsanger Mr. W. H. Brechbiel Normal School Faculty Miss Hannah A. Kieffer......... Director of Rural Education Prof. L. E. Smith................................... Extension Director Miss Edna Stamy......................... Assistant Rural Director Miss Katharine Cox................................. Supervisor of Art Prof. H. L. Burkholder........... Supervisor of Handwriting Prof. David 0. Slyter........................... Supervisor of Music Regular and Critic Teachers Schools Regular and Critic Teachers Enrollment Sunny Hill....................Miss Edith Morrison 18 Mt. Rock..... ................. Miss Edith Harry 38 Orrstown Grammar. ................ Mr. S. R. Zullinger 24 Primary... ................. Miss Miriam D. Wise 38 Edgewood.... ................. Miss Fannie Minnich 18 Mainsville.... _____________ .M r s . N e l l i e C o n v e r 36 Rural Seniors at work in the schools.............. ................ 40 CLASS DISCUSSION AND SEATWORK PROGRAM FOR ONE -TEACHER SCHOOLS* Submitted by Hannah A. Kieffer and Rural Co-workers. TIME GROUP SUBJECT 10:30-15 Reading 10:45-15 Geog. 2 I I I ; Nature 1 Civics and History 2 11:00-15 Geography 4 ; Nature 1 11:15-10 Arithmetic 11:25- 5 11:80-15 Setting Up Exercises.. Geography 4 ............... Hygiene 1- ............... 9 :S0-15 9:45-15 10:00- 5 10:05-15 11:45-15 12:00-60 V III C, B, A ......... C, B, A ....... . ...ÊÊBÊË} and A ____ _ ) ....................... Seatwork Arithmetic.. Seatwork Purposeful Seatwork.. Reading ..... Blackboard Work....... Number C, B. A.. C, B, A.. Grade III.. C MÊÊÊÊÈ Games....^ ^ ^ ^ .^ ^ Flood Room Seatwork Arithmetic with Fresh Air. Seatwork Arithmetic.... Period or Recess Physical Education on the Playground. ( Seatwork?" u—...........-J§|! ( Geog., Nature, History. 5 Reading 2 .... -PB — Handwork Reading( Creative Work 2 5 Handwork ' Blackboard W ork..... ( Geog., History, Nature.. 5 Seatwork ....1||...... t- Geog., Nature, Hygiene.. Flood Room with Fresh Air. D, C, B, A .— Grade I V ........... j Reading, Games.. Grade IV and B Clay Modeling......... Geography 4 ----- j A ............... Agric. and Nature 1 Sand Table W ork..... Clean Hands— One Lunch Period.... ¡É*v~— D, C, B, A.. Arithmetic... Seatwork Arithmetic Free .................... ..... ......... —— D VII Library Hot ...........5 Library Seatwork iff.—......... . Geog., Nature, Hygiene... Seatwork ......... Geog., Nature, Hygiene- Library Handwork Geog., Nature, Hygiene.. Geog., Agriculture, Nature Free Period..— Seatwork Arithmetic .................... Dish Playground Activities Day— Organised Handwork Geog., Agriculture, Nature Seatwork Handwork ................ .......... Geog, Nature, Hygiene a THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 10:20-10 Bible Beading------- ....— D, D, Music d Reading .. B Silent Reading Arithmetic .....................• C (Drill & Instruction) Arithmetic — B Drill and Instruction Silent Reading Setting Up Exercises.... D, Arithmetic Drill and Instruction A D, Recess H i .... .ffSBHHI 9:00- 5 9 :05-10 9 :15-15 VI IV I ll II Seatwork Geog., Agriculture, Nature TIME 12 : 55- 5 1:00-20 1 : 20-20 GROUP IV Assemble School fori School Work. Oral Expression 4 D (inc. Hygiene).... ...... D &G r a d e 'if f A rt 1 ...... ............| D and English Spelling.... ...... c Reading q 2:55-15 Reading 3:10-15 Reading 3 :25-15 History 3 Civics 2 ............. ^.... History 3 ....................... Civics or Hygiene 2 Dismissal 2 :00-20 2 :20-25 3:40-20 4:00 b IL C, B, A... D, C, B, A... B and A ...... Playground. D M ( Blackboard .... Seatwork ........... Reading ............. Paper cutting 2.. ....... 2 2...JI.............. 2 Socialized Seatwork Reading ................... ....................... ■ Reading- Seatwork ... Composition Seatwork Composition and Spelling ! Seatwork I Composition Spelling Seatwork ......... History— Civics Seatwork ......... History— Sivics Reading.. Benchwork— Handwork Creative Work......... Free n™ 6” HKU Seatwork Reading or Literatui Seatwork Spelling Period.. Seatwork VIII Seatwork Reading Seatwork ...fpSHHNH Composition— Reading Seatwork Free >’i8Ure‘ *° the rtih t a, Handwork— Sandtable Dramatization Period.. ( Rest Period................ VII Period................... Benchwork—Handwork Seatwork History— Civics Seatwork History— Civics Benchwork— Handwork P « «• * - I" • ™ « W t h i T i S i ^ ; i V s a ^ l S S 5 t r g H g i E £ ;d‘h* ,ndilW“ 1 “ d Nat»,.“ ™ o i G eSkph“ a u b 'L S ; E f i “ ? lh* 40 1*“ ons ln *»' The Rural Department will explain any points not clear if a stamped envelope is enclosed. b= >™ P«1 for » « *» •*« “ »in u t, period. NORMAL s c h o o l h e r a l d 2:45-10 English Spelling...........j Reading English Spelling.... Reading Spelling 2 Handwriting 2 Art 1 ..................... Recess— Free Play Seatwork v.^..WB|||PEBWi Composition or Reading.. VI H 1 : 40-20 SUBJECT 6 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD REVISED SUGGESTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF GEOGRAPHY LESSONS Years 3-8, for Rural Schools* This distribution in its original form was the co-operative activity of the State Director of Instruction in Geography, and a large group of teachers in service who have been studying Rural Education in the Shippensburg State Normal School. It first ap­ peared in October, 1922, Herald. Other teachers have contributed ideas to the present form. Your active co-operation is sought so that this may function even more effectively in a revised form. Hence, will you not send to the State Director of Geography sug­ gestions whereby this distribution may be improved? You will in turn receive a copy of the revised form when it is issued next year. . This outline is merely suggestive, and all the geography periods for any one grade have not been assigned, so that tn e^ will be abundant time for developing and testing the pupils abilities to use the text book, specimens pictures, maps, and graphs as means of procuring ideas and also for expressing ideas. Conditions confronting teachers who have more than one grade represented in their classes have been constantly in mind in making the following suggestions. This applies to those schools where the work of some grades is alternated, for example: fifth year work is taken up with both sixth and fifth year pupils during one year and sixth year work is taken up with the same pupils the fol­ lowing year. This outline deals primarily with subject matter m the State Course of Study, with which every teacher should be familiar and which every teacher should use as a constant ref­ erence. Other aims to be achieved year by year are stated in the complete course 'of study and should constitute additional objectives. The figures in parentheses accompanying each division of work refer to the number of lessons suggested m which that particular unit of work may be studied. This outline does not suggest the order in which these units of work shall be treated, nor that any of them must necessarily be studied before another is taken up, but merely to suggest a minimum of time to be spent on each for the year. THIRD YEAR I. II. Life in Local Environment. Food 16, Clothing 3, Shelter 3. Travel 3, Communication 3, Review 3. People in Other Environments. Indian-Nov. (Stress shelter also in other lands.) Arab-Dee. (Stress travel also in other lands.) Eskimo-Jan. (Stress clothing also in other lands.) Swiss-Feb. (Stress communica­ tion also in other lands.) Dutch-March (Clinch effect o f physical environment on life*) Japanese, Hawaiians or Fili­ pinos. April (Stress island life. Clinch weather study.) III. Weather calendar should be marked daily and discussions on weather as occasions demand. FOURTH YEAR— Life Activities in English Speaking North Amer­ ica. 1. United States. Middle Atlantic States 8. Study local activitie.s Stress agriculture, mining, fishing, manufacture, com­ merce. New England States 8. Stress manufacturing, fishing, and quarrying. Southern States 8. . . . Stress agriculture, forest in­ dustries. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Central States 8. Stress agriculture, manufac­ turing, commerce, lumber­ ing, mining. Rocky Mountain States 8. Mining, sheep raising, irri­ gation. Pacific States 8. Lumbering, fishing, agricul­ ture. II. United States as a whole. Distribution o f population 1. Producing areas 3. Agriculture, forest, industries and mining. Transportation and communica­ tion 1. Review o f cities 1. Recreation centers 1. Climate 1. Surface 1. River systems 1. HI. United Stattes Possessions. Alaska—Fishing with review o f U. S .; mining, with review o f U. S. other occupations, with review o f U. S. review physi­ cal environment. Stress rela­ tionship between physical en­ vironment and people. Panama Canal Zone 1. Philippine Islands 1. Hawaiian Islands 1. Guam and Virginia Islands 1. Porto Rico 1. IV . Canada as a whole. Producing areas: Agriculture 1, fishing and hunting 1, min­ ing ggj manufacturing 1, trans­ portation 1, recreation 1, cli­ mate 1, surface 1. Comparison o f Canada and U. S. Size and producing areas 4, nonproducing areas 2, journey lessons 6, surface and climate 2, people and cities 2. V. VI. V. Review o f English Speaking N. A . on basis o f Activities. Agriculture. General Farm ing: Wheat and corn 2, rice and cotton, cane and beet sugar 1. Truck Farming. Fruit Growing: Temperate zone fruits 1, tropical 1. Grazing 1, dairying 1. Fishing: shad, salmon, mack­ erel, oysters 2. Forest _ Industries: Lumbering including sap industry of maple and pine and bark in. dustry 2. Manufacturing: Textiles 2, shoes 1, iron and steel goods 2, (including farm machinery) automobiles 1, paper 1, furni­ ture 1. Transportation and communica­ tion : Domestic 2, water 2, air 1. Foreign : Ocean routes 3, Re­ creation. Review of ^English— speaking North America as listed under V. is omitted when the classes are grouped for the review of the year’s work as outlined for eighth year. FIFTH YEAR— European Countries. France and those places under her control and influence, 20. The homeland in Europe. Algeria and Tunis. French Sudan and Sahara. French Equatorial Africa. French Southeast Asia, (Indo China). Madagascar. French Guiana. Island possessions or mandates. Syria. Spain and Portugal 3. Belgium, Belgium Congo 2. Netherlands, Dutch East Indies, (especially Java), Guiana (S. A .) 2. Denmark 1. German Republic 2. Switzerland 1. Italy, including Sicily; Tripoli 2. Jugoslavia, Albania, Turkey 2. Review on producing area 40, basis with other sections. See Eighth year outline. SIXTH YEAR— British Empire, China, Japan, Latin America, Arctic Regions and Continents. I. British Empire. United Kingdom: Great Britain and Ireland— England 3, Scot­ land 2, Ireland 2, Wales 1, Journeys, stress place geogra­ phy 2. Dominion o f Australia compared with Canada 3. New Foundland compared with New Zealand Districts in A fri­ ca 2, (Union of South A frica (. Island Districts 2. Egypt 4. Mandate Palestine 2. Districts in Asia 1. India 4. (Baluchistan and Strait Settlements). Comparison and review 3. II. Asiatic Countries: China 6, Japan 6, Persia 1, Asia as a whole 3. Comparison o f Europe, Asia and A frica 2. Weather Records. Review o f English Speaking N. A. Forest Industries: Hunting 1. M ining: Coal' 2, iron and cop­ per 2, gold and silver ores 1, petroleum and gas 1. 7 s THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD H I. Latin Am erica: Argentina 2, Brazil 2, Chile 2. Camparative review 1. Other Andean Countries 4. South America as a whole Ven­ ezuela, Paraguay, and ^ Uraguay, new united Caribbean Countries. Review South American Countries bordering on the Caribbea-n, add Feder­ ation o f Central America 3. Mexico 4. IV . Comparative Studies. Arctic vs Antarctic Regions 2. North America vs South Amer­ ica 8. Pan Pacific People 2. Continents: Stressing Geogra­ phic Controls, World Vegeta­ tion Belts and Population areas o f the world 8. Y. This group will then review the work o f the year from the point o f view o f industries joining with 4th year and 7th and 8th year students. See outline under eighth grade. /v Review on Producing Area Basis 40. This work ' may be done with other sections in a 45 minute period. See eighth year outline. goods 1, textiles 1, glass 1 : refining: oil and sugar 1 ; railroads 2, waterways 1, highways 1. Population 1 (distribution and analysis). Cities. Geographic factors: Climate and surface 1, soil, drainage, minerals 1, (trace life responces). Present activities vs future pos­ sibilities 2. III. SEVENTH YEAR— Local District, County, Pennsylvania and United States Geography. I. Local District— entire county. (The problem method is recom­ mended). Effect o f Climate upon life of the community 1. Work Activities 1. Analysis o f each work activity worthy o f such analysis 6. Essentials o f good map work 1. Requirements for effective graphs 1. Distribution and analysis o f pop­ ulation 1. Excursion and field trips (ar­ ranged by group). Geographic fa ctors: Climate and surface 1, soil and drain­ age 1, minerals and other re­ sources 1, apply policy o f con­ servation 1. Appreciation lesson o f work ac­ tivities and places o f interest 2. Present work activitis vs future 1. Use maps graphs and charts. II. Pennsylvania. As a playground and health re­ w o rk Activities: Mining 2, quarrying 1, lumbering 2 (stress work o f State Depart­ ment), agriculture 3, manu­ facturing : iron and steel IV. V. United States— work activities. What people do, how it is done, why carried on, to what extent. Journey lessons: Imaginary trips by auto, rail, aeroplane etc. Historical and special features. North Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Maine to Potomac from At­ lantic to Piedmont). Work activities 3, Journey 1. Appalachian Highlands. Work activities 5, Journey 1. Central Plains. Work activities 5, Journey 1. Rocky Mountain Region. Work activities 3, Journey 1. Pacific Slope. Work activities 5, Journey 1. Review on basis of political Sec­ tion. Northeastern States—New_ Eng­ land and Middle Atlantic 3. Southeastern—Delaware to Tex­ as inclusive 3. North Central States 3. Western States—Rocky Moun­ tain and Pacific States 3. United States as Whole. ^ Roosevelt’s Conservation Pro­ gram 3. What has been done? what remains to be done? Forestry, Irrigation, Reclama­ tion of everglades etc. General review of the United States 10. What the United States gives to the world 3. What the United States receives from the world 2. Outlying Possessions. Alaska—stress future possi­ bilities 4. Island possessions 5. Porto Rico, Virgin Islands, Phillippines, Hawaiian Is­ lands, Guam, Tutuila, Wake. Panama Canal Zone 2. This group of students will review the work of the year with 4th, year and sections B and A in one group, 40 lessons from the Product point of view. See outline o f work as given with 8th year. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD EIGHTH YEAR— Comparative Studies. I. Study each Country as a contri­ butor and as a reviewer. Japan 5, China 5, Near East Countries 3, (Syria, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Turkey), Egypt 4, Abyssinia 1, Union o f South A frica 1, Brazil 3, Argentine 3, Chile 2, Ecuador 1, Colom­ bia 1, Bolivia 1, Australia and New Zealand 3, Pacific Islands 1, Canada 3, United States 5, Alaska 2, Mexico 2, British Isles 5, Scandanavia and Den­ mark 4, Baltic Countries (in­ cluding) Poland 5, Germany 2, Netherlands 2, Belgium 3, Czechoslovakia 2, Switzerland 2, Austria 1, Hungary 1, Med­ iterranean Countries 10 (Spain Portugal, France, Italy, Jugo­ slavia, Albania, Greece, Bul­ garia, Asia Minor and North­ ern African Countries. Group the leading countries o f the world and compare 5. II. Comparative Study o f Production Areas o f the World 40. (By grouping IVth year with B and 9 A sections a 45 minute period four days of the week can be arranged. See program o f Class and Study periods). Wheat, corn, rice rubber, tea, coffee, sugar, fruits, raw cot­ ton, copra, hemp, raw silk, cattle, swine, sheep, fish, lum­ ber, coal, iron ore, copper ore, gold ore, silver ore, platinum, petroleum, natural gas, tex­ tiles, iron and steel goods will be the special topics o f con­ versation 4th year rsponds in terms of English—speaking North America. Sections B and A in terms of countries studied. United States will serve as a constant basis of comparison. The pupils will be especially interested in the areas or dis­ tricts producing farm machin­ ery, automobiles, and all labor saving devices. This plan o f review was success­ fully demonstroted at the Orrstown Rural Training Cen­ tre, Spring Session, 1923. EIGHTH YEAR— Comparative Studies. 1. Include Russia 2, Rumania _ 1, Venezuela 1, Peru 1, and Central America 2, British Isles should read British Empire. BRIEF OUTLINE OF COURSE OF STUDY ABILITIES AND SKILLS As suggested by State Director of Geography. (Page references refer to 1922 Course of study for Elementary Grades). h i. Local Geography. People in terms o f food, clothing, shelter, travel, communication. Peoples in representative environments in the w orld: dry desert, cold desert, wet tropics, highland, lowlands, islands. Life in relation to weather and climate. IV. English speaking part o f North America. (United States and Canada). Outlying possessions o f the United States. Life activities in terms o f occupations in relation to geographic controls. Places o f special scenic interest in United States and Canada. Journeys to environments other than those taken in Third year. III. Abilities and Skills. (Training in use of tools.) Specimens, pictures, draw­ ings. Simple sketch map of local district. Booklets— Sand table. Galendar, weather charts. Plays. / pp 300, 301, 312. IV. Specimens. Clippings. Pictures—drawings. Maps (wall and desk). Text book (index). Booklets—posters. Weather records. pp 317, S39. 10 V. VI. V II. V III. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD European countries. Study o f life in the homeland (territory in Europe followed by study o f life V . in important districts under the home­ land’s control. British Empire (except mention of Great Britian and Ireland) reserved for Sixth Year. China, Japan, India. Eurasia as a whole (Europe and Asia). Specimens— Clippings. Pictures— drawings. Maps and reference books. Graphs. Weather records, booklets — charts. pp 342, 348, 853. British Empire. Homeland, then outlying districts under her control. A frica as a whole, Australia as a whole and comparison o f both with Europe and Asia. ^ V I. Latin America. South A m erica: A B C countries, Andean countries, Caribbean dis­ trict. Federation of Central Am erica: Guatemala, Salvadar, Honduras, Costa Rica. Mexico. South America as a whole, North Amer­ ica as a whole. Arctic and Antarctic region. Compari­ son o f all continents. Keynote— Conservation. trict (to include county if desired), Analysis o f life activities in local dis- VII. trict (to include county i f desired), State o f Pennsylvania. Life activities in United States. A p­ proach and organization different from that used in Fourth Year. Comparative study o f the countries of the world. The contribution which each country V III. is receiving from , as well as giving to, people all over the world will be stressed. Comparative study o f the producing and non-producing areas o f the world's commercial products and ave­ nues o f transportation. Constant tracing o f relationships between life responces and geographic influences. Specimens— Drawings. Pictures, clippings. Maps, graphs, statistics. Text books, reference Books. Magazines, newspapers. Booklets, charts. Weather records. pp 354, 862. Tools as used in 6th. year. Maps including geological survey and weather maps. pp 370, 393. In addition to specimens, pictures, drawings, maps, graphs, statistics, clip­ pings—more detailed world maps and verbal matter dealing with various coun­ tries and commodities. pp 397, 408. VARIETY OF METHOD ESSENTIAL TO GOOD GEOGRAPHY TEACHING It is never advisable to follow any one method to the exclusion of all others. The type study, the topical, and the problem method should all be used some time during the term. The suggestions enumerated below are prob- THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 11 lems which may be used as initial studies or as means of review. Generally speaking the pupils should formulate their problems. However at times the teacher should present the problem. In this way classroom procedure will parallel conditions as they occur in every day life: some problems are thrust upon us, others we set up for ourselves. A real geography problem must— * 1. Be worth solving from the standpoint of the pupils’ contacts and of future usefulness to the pupils. 2. Awaken the initiative of the pupils. If the prob­ lem is interesting to the children and seems to them worthwhile, their initiative will be aroused. Real in­ terest creates a desire to know. 3. Involve analysis between man and earth. 4. Require the use of those tools of geography tech­ nique which the child is capable of using at that time and in the use of which he should be trained. 5. Develop habits and attitudes of mind not yet ac­ quired by the children but worth acquiring, or produce greater skill in those abilities already developed to a certain degree. 6. Develop those feelings which lead toward openmindedness and a realization of mutual helpfulness and interdependence of people which will result in a spirit of sympathy, understanding and co-operation. *See discussion of problem method—pp. 274, 275 Man­ ual and Syllabus for Elementary Schools 1922. Depart­ ment of Public Instruction, Some of the following problems have been taken from the State Course of Study; others have been contributed by the 1923 C. V. S. N. S. Summer Session Students in Geography and rural teachers in the field, since the 1922 Syllabus was issued. All of these have been worked out with children. Probably no one class or school should attempt to solve all of these. Send any problems which are found worthwhile to the State Director of Geogra­ phy, so that other teachers may know about them. Î2 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Third Year What food of your last meal was not grown at home? Why not ? How is life among the Eskimos different from that among the Arabs ? Fourth Year Why is New York City the world’s greatest seaport? What conditions have helped to make manufacturing the leading industry of New England? Why is the population so dense in northeastern United States ? What factors have been influential in developing our country into a great industrial nation ? In what ways is Canada like the United States ? Why do most of the Canadians live in the southern part of that country? Fifth Year How has Denmark come to be the world’s teacher in the dairy industry ? Why has Belgium been called one of the workshops of Europe ? How is it that the Netherlands and Switzerland are the leading continental European exporters of cheese? Why have the mountains become the best asset of Switzerland ? Why does Holland devote good grain fields to the growing of bulbs when she does not raise enough food to feed herself? How can the people of Albania make a place for them­ selves as a progressive nation? Why is Czechoslovakia called the “ keyland” of Central Europe ? How does Poland resemble our north central group of states ? Why are the places now under France’s jurisdiction of THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD IS value to her? Why do so many people visit Europe? Outline a trip tor yourself and indicate why you want to go to each place. Sixth Year To what extent have Great Britain’s deposits of coal and iron played a part in her development? How do territories under British jurisdiction help Great Britain to be a great industrial and commercial nation? Why did the largest city of Great Britain develop on the east side of the island ? In terms of geography what future has China? Study the population map of Asia and explain the dis­ tribution of people on that continent. Prove that Asia is a land of extremes. Why has Africa been so long a little known continent although it is close to Europe and was the seat of one o f the earliest civilizations ? Why is the Amazon valley in Brazil not a land of fields and farms ? In what respects is Argentina a competitor of the United States? Why is this? Why do not the people of the West Indies engage largely in manufacturing? Why is there such a variety of products in Mexico? Seventh Year Why should our country be interested in the conserva­ tion of forests? Why are the people of Pennsylvania engaged in so many different occupations? (Show that this diversity of work activities is true; then explain why it is possible.) What definite plans are being carried out in Pennsyl­ vania along the line of “ conservation” ? How did Pittsburg come to be a centre of the steel 14 th e n o r m a l school h e r a l d industry ? What does Pennsylvania contribute to the world’s wel­ fare? Prove that Pennsylvania has become a leading factor in the industries of the United States. Explain this fact. Study carefully the rainfall map of the United States and Canada. How has the distribution of rainfall in­ fluenced life in each section ? Why is forest conservation a national necessity ? The North Atlantic ports are more important than the South Atlantic ports. Why? Will the Pacific Coast of the United States ever become as important commercially as the Atlantic Coast? Eighth Year What contributions to world welfare are the new coun­ tries of Europe making? (Czechoslovakia, Poland, Australia, Jugoslavia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Esthonia). The following analysis may be applied to any country that is being considered: “ What means of maintaining themselves do these people have? Show how any of these work activities contribute definitely to the welfare of the rest of the world. How is the United States in­ fluenced by the work or thought produced in this country? What possible future developments do you see for that country ?” * Why is the commerce of the Atlantic Ocean greater than that of the Pacific Ocean? Explain the distribution of cotton producing and cotton manufacturing areas in the world. * See page 399, Manual and Syllabus for Elementary Schools issue 1922 by the State Department of Public Instruction, Harrisburg. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 15 A SUGGESTED LIST OF GEOGRAPHY MATERIAL FOR A RURAL SCHOOL (Approximate expenditure $20-25) The Director of Rural Education and co-workers in the C. V. S. N. S. Rural Department are interested in as­ sisting teachers in the field. Mr. Charles Boechler, teacher of Mahantango School, Upper Paxton township, Dauphin County, was a student in the Geography Depart­ ment 1922, Rural section. Mr. Boechler and his school community raised twenty some dollars for school equipment and requested the Rural Department to assist them in investing the money to the best advantage. The Rural Department with the aid of the State Director of Geography recommended the following: I. Maps. Approximate Wall Map. cost Blackboard outline map of U. S. on one side, world on other. Rand McNally Co., Chicago. $6.00 ♦Physical Map of Europe or World— (Goode Series). Rand McNally Co., Chicago, Illinois. $8.00 Pennsylvania Maps— obtained free from Public Service Commission, Harris­ burg. Map showing steam railroads Map showing electric railroads. Dept, of Highways, Harrisburg. Map showing highways. Dept. Public Instruction. Map recently issued by Department of Forestry. For additional free material see pp. 379-381 and also pp. 387-389 of Manual and Syllabuses for Elemen- 16 2. 3. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD tary Schools. County Maps— Dauphin County— ob­ tained for 25 cents from Department of Highways, Harrisburg. $ .25 Desk Outline Maps— Write for sample sets to A. J. Nystrom & Co,, Chicago, 111. A small Milton Bradley Co., Springfield, Mass. expense. Purchase one Homolographic protion of World, U. of Chicago, Press, Chicaga, Illinois. One copy of each continent: N. A., S. A., Europe, Asia, Africa, Aus­ tralia, also of United States @ $ .25— Mckinley Publishing Co., Ranstead St., Philadelphia, Pa. $1.75 Graph Paper. Inquire of Milton Bradley Co., as to price. Magazines. World’s Almanac 1923— Press Publish­ ing Co., New York City. Geographic News Bulletin— A weekly publication throughout the school year (30 issues) free for school by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. 25 cents to pay postage only. Monthly Magazine— The National Geo­ graphic, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. Magazine very valuable for its pictures. (Frequen­ tly a family subscribes for this and the children bring it to school.) Journal of Geography— A magazine es­ pecially valuable to teachers of geog­ raphy in any school. Every up-todate instructor subscribes personally, $ .40 $ .25 $3.50 tB B NORMAL SCHOOL H1 R A L » n hence I am not including this $1.50 in the expense column for your twenty dollars. 4. 5. Pictures. The National Geographic sets which are checked on the enclosed circular are considered first choice. 3 sets, No. 1, 2’ 3Set of 12 pictures on Lumbering— Dod­ son Publishing Co., Kankakee, Illinois. Books— Copies of other textbooks than those used by your pupils are always useful references for the pupils. Per set about J. Russell Smith— Human Geography, Book I. J. Russell Smith— Human Geography, Book II. Published by J. C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, Penna. Brigham-McFarlane— Essentials of Ge­ ography, Book I and Book II— Ameri­ can Book Co., New York City. Frye-Atwood— New Geography, Book I and Book II— Ginn and Co., New York City. McMurry-Parkins— Elementary Geog­ raphy. McMurry-Parkins— Advanced Geog­ raphy. MacMillan Co., New York City. Get edition with Thrall’s Supplement on Pennsylvania. 6. No. 0 School Cabinet— Free on requesting your local Representative or Senator in Harrisburg, to secure from the Philadel­ phia Commercial Museum No. 0 School $4.00 $ .20 $2.50 IS THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Cabinet. Give the number, name and address of school; State and County also. * If you choose to buy a World Physical Map, you might eliminate the large-sized globe. If you buy a Physical Map of Europe then get a large-sized globe also. The American Junior Red Cross, Washington, D. C., has organized a system of international school corre­ spondence between classes in United States and in other lands. This involves the exchange of letters, pictures, children’s handiwork, articles illustrating industrial pro­ cesses and many other things that tend to give an under­ standing of life and customs. The correspondence is pre­ pared by school groups under the supervision of teachers and is a valuable part of the work in English, Geography, History, Art and other subjects. Underlying all this and vastly more important is the value of this type of correspondence in creating a friendly attitude of mind and a sympathetic understanding of children of the various nations. Rural teachers who are interested in this exchange should communicate directly with Arthur W. Dunn, National Director, American Junior Red Cross, Washing­ ton, D. C. SOME SOURCES FROM WHICH GEOGRAPHICAL PICTURES CAN BE SECURED List No. 127— Submitted by Department of Public Industry, Harrisburg, Pa. Audubon Society, New burg Street, Boston, Mass. Nature Study. Atkinson, Mentzer & Company, 80 East 11th Street, New York City. General. Brown-Robertson Co., Inc., 415 Madison Ave. at 48th Street, N. Y. Famous Pictures. * THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 19 Curtis & Cameron, Inc., Publishers, 12 Harcourt Street, Boston, Mass. Denoyer-Geppert Co., 460 E. Ohio Street, Chicago, HI. Geographical Pictures. Detroit Publishing Co., Detroit, Michigan, Geograph­ ical Post Cards and Photographs. Dodson, Joseph, Kankakee, 111. Lumbering and Na­ ture-Study Pictures. Elson Art Publication Company, Inc., Belmont, Mass. Famous Pictures. * Erik J. Mordt and Co., 20 W.Austin Ave., Chicago, Illinois. Photographs of Norway. Geography Supply Bur., 115Kelvin Place, Ithaca, N. Y. Lantern slides, wall pictures of American scenery. Geo. P. Brown and Co., 38 Lovett St., Beverly, Mass. Famous Pictures. * Geo. Philip and Son, Ltd., 32 Fleet St., Lond. E. C. 4 Geographical Pictures. Gramstorff Bros. Inc., 101-103 Ferry St., Malden, Mass. Owners of Soule Art Publishing Co., and Horace K . Turner co. Collections. Famous Pictures. Haynes Photo Studies, 341 Selby Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Post Cards, Photographs of Yellowstone National Park and of Glacier National Park. Keystone View Co., Inc., Meadville, Pa. Stereographs and Lantern slides. The Medical Society of America, 755 Boylston Ave., Boston. Famous Pictures. * National Geographical Society, Washington. Sets of pictures illustrating Eskimo Life, Sahara Life, land, water, and air, and United States, other countries, etc. A. J. Nystrom and Co., 2249-2253 Calumet Ave., Chi­ cago, 111. Geographical Pictures. Perry Pictures Co., Malden, Mass. Geographical and Famous Pictures. * Rau Art Studios Inc., 238 S. Camac St., Philadelphia, Pa. Photographs for rent or sale. 29 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Sabold-Herb Co., 725-729 Arch St. (Principal cities o f Pennsylvania and New Jersey.) Thompson Publishing Co., Syracuse, N. Y. Geograph­ ical and Industrial Pictures. Union Souvenir Card Exchange, J. Park Graybell, Mgr., P. 0. Box 591, Seattle, Wash. Orientalia, 22 E. 60 Street, New York City. Asiatic Pictures. Oriental Art Studio, 215 Leavenworth, San Francisco, Cal. Asiatic Pictures. For additional sources see “ Material on Geography which may be obtained free or at small cost” by Mary J. Booth, Eastern Illinois State Normal School, Charleston, 111., available late in 1923. * Famous pictures refer to reproductions of works of artists dealing with life in various parts of the world. PAGEANT SUGGESTIONS Developed by Summer Session Geography Classes under Miss Kieffer. Revised and approved by Miss Ema Grassmuck, State Director of Geography. Geography lends itself in a very worthwhile way te pageant form of expression in terms of customs, in­ dustries, history, government, special places of interest etc., of the people or places of the world. One teacher schools in a township may co-operate in work of this type, each group giving an episode of a pageant. When this work is planned early in the school year, it becomes a worthy unit for purposeful seatwork during the year and proves entertaining and educative to the entire school district at the County Fair, similarly at a Community Day. In view of the approaching Sesqui-Centennial (1926) Pennsylvania or the United States are recommended as the first to be developed. The following references will THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 21 be helpful in securing source material and in having questions answered by letter on Pennsylvania: Departments at Harrisburg. Board of Game Commissioners (bulletins). Department of Agriculture (bulletins). Department of Fisheries (bulletins). Department of Forestry (bulletins and maps). Department o f Highways (maps). Department of Internal Affairs. Bureau of Topographical and Geological Surveys (bulletins). Bureau of Statistics and Information (report on productive industries). Department of Labor and Industry (bulletins). Department of Public Instructions (Director o f Geography). Public Service Commission (maps: steam and electric railroads). State Library (lend books and pictures). Pennsylvania State Educational Association, Harris­ burg (articles on Pennsylvania that appeared in the Advertising material issued free by rail­ roads:) Pennsylvania Railroad, Broad Street, Philadel­ phia ; Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, Reading Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa. The Smithsonian Institution’s Study of Natural Re­ sources applied to Pennsylvania’s Resources (on file in the County Superintendent’s Office; also, State Director of Geography Office). The National Geographic Society, Washington, D. G. May, 1919, issued “ The Industrial Titan o f Amer­ ica” by J. 0. La Borce. This deals with the in­ dustries of Pennsylvania and is most helpful with pictures and reading matter. (This magazine may be borrowed from patrons or the State Library.) 22 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD UNITED STATES The following references will be helpful in securing material and having questions answered concerning the United States. * Write to Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., for list of publications issued by the Federal Govern­ ment both free and purchasable. Refer inquiries and requests concerning the agricul­ tural, industrial, commercial, and other activities in our country to your Senator and Representative in Congress at Washington. They can be o f great assistance to you. Several federal departments and bureaus issue valu­ able material, address them at Washington, D. C. Department of Agriculture: Such as Weather Bu­ reau (map and reports). Bureau of Soils (maps, bulletins) other bureaus. Department of Commerce (reports). Department of Interior: Bureau of Education, Geo­ logical Survey, General Law office, Bureau of Mines, National Parks, Service Reclamation, Service, etc. (bulletins, maps books). Smithsonian Institution: (bulletins, especially Mineral Industries of United States). * These suggestions are taken up in more detail in the “ Manual and Syllabus for Elementary Schools” pages 387 to 389 issued by the State Department of Public In­ struction, Harrisburg, in 1922. STATE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE Through the co-operation of the Pennsylvania State Chamber of Commerce, we are able to offer the following list of organized and functioning State Chambers of Commerce. When writing to any of these agencies, state definitely THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD industries you are studying and what specific informa­ tion you desire. Indicate also that you will be grateful for any circulars of general information including pictures. All the cities and many of the boroughs in the United States have Boards of Trade or Chambers of Commerce which you may address directly. Organized and Functioning California Development Association. Manager N. H. Sloane, San Francisco, California. Connecticut State Chamber o f Commerce. George B. Chandler, Secretary, Hartford, Connecticut. Florida Development Board. A. A. Coult, Secretary, Jacksonville, Florida. Georgia Manufacturer’s Association. H. F. Abbott, Secretary, Waycross, Georgia. Illinois Chamber of Commerce. Harvey T. Hill, Secre­ tary, Chicago, Illinois. Indiana Chamber of Commerce. George Mosser, In­ dianapolis, Indiana. Iowa Chamber of Commerce. Joseph Leopold, Des Moines, Iowa. Kansas State Chamber of Commerce. Keith Cleven­ ger, Secretary, Salina, Kansas. Maine Chamber of Commerce and Agricultural League. Charles H. White, Secretary, Portland, Maine. Massachusetts State Chamber of Commerce. Edward G. Stacy, Secretary, Boston, Massachusetts. Mississippi State Chamber of Commerce. C. W. Hay­ ward, Secretary, Meridian, Mississippi. Nebraska Chamber of Commerce. H. E. Moss, Secre­ tary, Columbus, Nebraska. New Hampshire Chamber of Commerce. A. B. Jenks Secretary, Concord, New Hampshire. New Jersey State Chamber of Commerce. Wilson J. Vance, Newark, New Jersey. 24 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD New Mexico Chamber of Commerce. H. B. Watkins, Secretary, Albuquerque, New Mexico. New York State Chamber of Commerce. Charles T. Gwynne, Secretary, New York City. Ohio Board of Commerce. O. K. Shimansky, Secre­ tary, Columbus, Ohio. Oregon State Chamber of Commerce. A. S. Dudley, Secretary, Portland, Oregon. Pennsylvania State Chamber of Commerce. George R. Foss, Secretary, Harrisburg, Pa. South Dakota Development Association. Opie Cham­ bers, Secretary, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. South Carolina Development Board. Charleston, South Carolina. Texas State Chamber of Commerce. Mr. James Z. George, Manager, Dallas, Texas. Greater Vermont Association. James P. Taylor, Sec­ retary, Burlington, Vermont. Washington State Chamber of Commerce. D. O. Lively, Secretary, Seattle, Washington. Wyoming State Chamber of Commerce. Frank J. Wiffler, Secretary, Cheyenne, Wyoming. TOPICS SUGGESTED FOR DISCUSSION IN AGRICULTURE For 7th and 8th year Pupils in Franklin County Rural Training Centers. Submitted by the Rural Department; revised and approved by the Franklin County Superin­ tendents and County Farm Agent. Topics for 1923-1924. Topics for 1924-1925. SEPTEMBER Rotation of Crops Soil Fertility (manure, fertilizer, lime) THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALB Poultry Culling 25 Selection of Seed Corn. Feeding Poultry for Winter Eggs OCTOBER Potatoes Protein (raising, storing market- Cattle Feeding— Carbon, ing) NOVEMBER Farm Machinery, (care of) Hog Feeding DECEMBER Horses— winter care Farm Wood Supply JANUARY Hog Breeding Orchard Trimming FEBRUARY Poultry Breeding Testing of Seed Corn MARCH Farm Accounts Vegetables and Flowers (planning gordens) APRIL Good Roads Beautifying the Farm Upon request the Director of Rural Education, Depart­ ment of Public Instruction will suggest a bibliography lor courses in Agriculture. 26 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD ART EDUCATION IN THE RURAL SCHOOL Submitted by Katharine M. Cox, Normal School In­ structor, Rural Department Art Supervisor. The Aim The aim of Art Education in the Rural School is not to present an art lesson once a week, then let it be neglected until the next art period. The lesson aims to give the child the fundamental principles in drawing, construction, color, lettering, and design so that he may apply these during his many vacant periods to his other school subjects. Some of the problems may be the making of a Geography booklet, the lettering and designing of the book, for his map drawing and written work, the working out of a sandtable project dealing with farm life, or the transportation of today compared with that of a hundred years ago. These can be done when the teacher is otherwise occupied. During the presentation of every problem the discus­ sion of why certain things are good or bad should not be neglected, for the underlying aim in Art Education is to develop in the child good taste so that he may have a standard by which to judge whether a thing is good or bad and why it is good or bad, whether it be the placing of the furniture in his home, or the proper color and clothing that he wears. Every child will be a consumer; few will be creators or producers. SOURCE MATERIAL IN ART EDUCATION How many of you throw away the picture section of the Sunday paper after looking through it? How many of you stack the magazines in the dusty attic when they become old? How many of you moan the fate that your school equipment is poverty stricken when you have THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 27 thrown away and stacked away so much that would be a source of enrichment to all of your school subjects! We are poverty stricken not because we cannot get things but because we do not know how to look for them. We moan because we have no money to buy equipment while every month we are throwing away gold mines of wealth. We reach for the stars ; we forget the flowers at our feet. Simply tearing things from magazines and newspapers would do no good unless we organized them into some usable form. For the use o f my classes I have simple index folders. For example say they are working out a school beautiful project. They want their schoolroom and grounds to be as beautiful as possible. In the civic Attractiveness, and Interior Decoration folders they find pictures of beautiful rooms and grounds. They study their own school then see how they can apply some of the principles used by others in making their places more beautiful. These folders proved invaluable to my rural boys and girls in working out a modern home project and a more beautiful school ground problem. At Christmas I turn to the Christmas folder for sug­ gestions and help. When children are beginning to fill out the stick figure symbols I turn to my folder entitled, Human Figures for Illustrative Work. I know that here I will find pictures of human figures running, umping, sitting,— in fact in all positions. This folder has been indispensable to my pupils in connection with working out illustrations, and also in making posters. The following list is offered as a suggestion in helping you classify your material. I would enlist the interest of my pupils and gradually build up in my school a wealth of source material that will enrich all of the school sub­ jects and make school life fuller and more enjoyable. Transportation Occupation Costume (Practical and Holiday Use) 28 THE NORMAL SCHOOL H ERAL» Costume (Historical) People of other Lands Landscape Trees Civic Attractiveness Interior Decoration Perspective (Objects in Perspective Int. Group) Drawing in two Dimensions (Primary Group) Blackboard Drawing Material Animals (Domestic— Pets) Animals (Wild— Circus) Birds Plants and Development into Design Posters (Grade Interest) Construction for Primary Group Construction for Intermediate Group Christmas Thanksgiving Easter Hallowe’en Various Months Interests (as, March Winds, etc.) Color (To illustrate various color harmonies. Beau­ tiful colored interiors. Articles on practical use of color.) Lettering Appreciation (Pictures and articles on masterpieces in Art) Practical A rt: Aims, Ideals (Articles dealing with art in relation to the home and school) I * THE NORMAL SCHOOL H ERÀL» 29 ART EDUCATION IN THE RURAL SCHOOL Primary Department Grades I— IV One twenty-five minute period once a week for all the grades at the same time. September PICTURE STUDY THE BUTTERY-DE HOOCH LESSON I.— Illustration o f some ex­ perience connected with summer vacation. LESSON II.— Repeated drawings on the objects most commonly used in the illustration. LESSON III.— Crayon drawings colored nature specimens. LESSON IV.—Memory drawings colored nature specimen. of of October FEEDING HER CHILDREN— MILLET LESSON I.— W orking out o f Hal­ lowe'en border by free-hand paper cutting o f pumpkins, trees, moon etc.— Pattern o f witch flying on broom given class. LESSON II.— Problem o f choosing the best by class and arranging and spacing o f them into a border design. LESSON III.— Color study—five hues, red, yellow, blue, green, purple. Bringing of colored objects to school — note value difference. LESSON IV.— Making o f color birds free hand cutting and coloring with crayons. Making o f birds in one» showing three steps in value. Best chosen by class for bulletin board. November THE BLESSING— CHARDIN LESSON I.— Drawing from memory vegetables common on the farm. Child to hunt pictures and notice vegetables closer. LESSON II.—Freehand cutting o f veg­ etables to be used in Farm Products Exhibit. LESSON III.— Drawing of Thanks­ giving turkey— Presentation of tur­ key symbol. LESSON IV.— Illustration of Thanks­ giving holiday experiences to be con­ tinued. December MADONNA OF THE CHAIR— RAPHAEL LESSON I.— Development o f action figure by drawing o f three chairs— discussion o f proportion o f human body. LESSON II.— Redrawing o f Thanks­ giving illustration in light o f what has been learned. LESSON III.— Development o f auto symbol— development of circle and straight lines into chairs, pans, pots, umbrellas, etc. LESSON IV.— Making o f December calendar—simple freehand cutting of house, snow, and trees to be mounted on grey paper— Each child arranging his own and not copying from one worked out by instructor. January BOY WITH A TOP— CHARDIN LESSON I.— Each child to make toy booklet drawing in it the things he received Christmas— Discussion and practice drawing. Criticism by LESSON II.— Making o f booklet—dis­ cussion and working out o f title page. LESSON III.— Final drawing in book­ let. LESSON IV.— Lettering of title mm back o f booklet, My Toys, placing «£ decorative spot and completion mi problem. s« THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD February WASHINGTON—STUART LESSON I.— Making o f envelope to be used in sending off a valentine. LESSON II.— Making o f valentines— freehand cutting o f heart shapes, decorations gotten from old wall paper sample books. Child free to work out own ideas. LESSON III. and IV.—Freehand cut­ ting of letters o f the word valentine. The child making the best V to paste it on the first o f a border of nine big red hearts, to be used as bulletin board decoration fo r Feb­ ruary. Each child competing fo r the honor to have one o f his letters used. No child allowed to place more than two lettters on hearts. March , „ „ „ T H E MILL— RUISDAEL LESSON I.— Discussion o f things wind affect—collect pictures o f sailboats, windmills, clothes on line, kites, etc., fo r next time. LESSON II.— Scene using boat (cut sail boa t). LESSON III.— Scene of Life in Hoiland, LESSON IV.— Rhythmic borders, April FARM YARD SCENE— POTTER LESSON I.— Little chickens. Practice drawing use o f symbol. LESSON II.— Drawing o f Easter rab­ bit—rabbit symbol used— (no pattern work used). LESSON III.— Cutting of rabbit and chickens in colored and black con­ struction paper, to be used as border for blackboard fo r month. LESSON IV.— Construction o f box, top and bottom— application o f rhythmic border— could be used for Easter eggs. ART EDUCATION IN THE RURAL SCHOOL Intermediate Department Grades V— VIII One twenty-five minute period once a week for these grades at the same time. September PICTURE STUDY— AVENUE OF TREES— HOBBEMA LESSON I.—Drawing and studying o f various leaf shapes by use o f pencil and silhouette treatment in black and white with brush. LESSON II.— Painting in water colors colored leaves collected by child. LESSON III.— Developing designs, dec­ orative spots and borders from leaves to be used later as reference mate­ rial. LESSON IV.— Lettering—The three families straight lined, the circular, and the oblique—Making o f letter charts to be used as reference material. To be completed outside of art period. October THE HAY W AIN— INNESS LESSON I.— Lettered charts criticised by class and teacher. Each child lettering at blackboard his own name and grade. LESSON II.— Practice in freehand cut­ ting o f letters from manila paper folded and cut into sixteen equal parts. LESSON III.— Working drawing of portfolio by each child to hold his art work—scale ^4"-l". Discuss use o f working drawing in all fields of construction. LESSON IV.—Making of p o r t fo lio 14'" x 10"— Use 20 x 26 —Interwoven Quaker Gray paper. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 31 November PENN’S TREATY WITH THE INDIANS— TRUMBULL LESSON I.— Planning lettering and design for back o f portfolio. LESSON II.— Development o f a border taken from nature design units, for portfolio. Completion o f problem. LESSON III.— Perspective drawing— Curvilineal perspective—study of ellipses. The collection o f objects at, above and below eye level, taken from magazines and newspapers. LESSON IV.— Drawing of bowls, cups, etc., by class. December SISTINE MADONNA— RAPHAEL LESSON I.— Angular perspective— Collection o f reference material. The three key lines given by teacher. Drawing o f objects from key lines at board by pupils. LESSON II.— Drawing o f book or box in angular perspective. LESSON III.— Drawing of Christmas scene in crayons or water colors. LESSON IV.— Making o f Christmas card by cutting colored construction paper, or making of Christmas gift box. January EVOLUTION OF THE— BOOK (M U RAL)— ALEXANDER LESSON I.— Cut paper problem— Making o f a health, or a Be kind to animal poster. LESSON II.— Completing o f poster— The best chosen by class and placed on wall for rest o f the month. LESSON III.— Color study—hue, value, chroma— Practical use o f color dis­ cussed. Color applied to home and clothing. LESSON IV.—W orking out o f color diagram suitable for wall of school room. Function o f wall dissussed. February MT. VERNON LESSON I.— Making o f valentines— lettering on them messages and greetings. LESSON II.— Action figure reviewed— the filling out o f the figure. LESSON III.— Sketching each other in short poses. LESSON IV.—Illustration calling for knowledge of perspective, color, com­ position, and human figure and cor­ related with a history or geography lesson. March CAPITOL A T WASHINGTON LESSON I.— Exhibit o f illustrations. Criticisms by class o f drawings and compositions. Redrawing o f illus­ trations by class. LESSON II.— Making of nature draw­ ing booklet—Japanese binding. LESSON III.— Decorative silhouette treatment of nature specimen for back, also lettering of, My Nature Book, and name of pupil. LESSON IV.—W orking out o f all over design fo r inside lining of front and back o f booklet. April HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT LESSON I.— Completion o f booklet. LESSON II.— April border decoration. (Easter suggestions). LESSON III.— Drawing in booklet of nature specimens found by pupil— Pencil, crayon, water-colors. LESSON IV.—Memory drawings of nature specimens in booklet. Sug­ gestion.— Have pupils draw inter­ esting specimens they find during vacation in booklet and bring them to school in September. NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 84 RURAL SCHOOL EQUIPMENT LIST Suggested for Educative Class Activities. Submitted by Hannah A. Kieffer. Reading: One modem basal text for each pupil charts, cards, seatwork devices. Six supplementary texts for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years inclusive. Silent readers for each pupil third year to eighth in­ clusive. One box of colored chalk. School dictionary (larger than desk size, abridged edition). Desk dictionaries 4th year to 8th inclusive. Library books as suggested by Directors of Libra­ ries, State Department of Public Instruction. Standard Test for oral and silent reading. Writing: One manual of a modern arm movement system per pupil. Letter cards for the wall. Pencils ; a high grade, black pencil is economical. Pencil sharpner economical if kept in good condition. Pens, paper as recommended by the system used. Writing Scale— Ayres Gbg. Edition— Russel Sage Foundation. Arithmetic: One modem basal text for pupils 3rd to 8th year in­ clusive. One to three supplementary sets of texts on the teacher’s desk; a farm business arithmetic should be among the number. Practice exercises of the type of Courtis or Studebaker. Paper, unruled canary shade about 20 to 25 cents per ream. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 33 One rubber stamping outfit. 500 cards for Arithmetic file, size 4" x 6*. Number cards and seatwork drill sheets (may be made by pupils). Measures: dry, liquid, linear; toy money. One Standard Test in Arithmetic. Music: One book per desk of “ Twice 55 Community Songs” , C. C. Birchard, Boston. One book per desk of “ The Song Hour” , Theo. Presser Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Blackboard liner. Good phonograph, ten standard records. English: One modern text for each pupil 3rd to 8th year in­ clusive. Supplementary books as recommended by the State Director of English. File of seatwork exercises for all grades. Fifty copies of masterpieces in Art about five cents each. Envelopes for pupils to file all written work. Standard English tests and scales. Spelling: A modern text for 3rd to 8th year pupils. File of class and individual words. One copy of the Buckingham Extension of the Ayres Spelling Scale. Public School Publishing Co. Bloomington, 111. Geography: One modern text book for 4th to 8th year pupils in­ clusive. Supplementary list of geography books for rural schools may be secured from State Director of geography. Post card— pictures (kodak, newspaper etc.). For further equipment see recommended list for 84 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD rural schools. Standard Test for Place Geography and Thought Geography. Nature Study: Thirty Audubon leaflets. Museum collection of local specimens. Burgess Nature Study Series. Knowing Insects through Stories, Myths and Legends of Flowers. Federal pamphlets. See list suggested by State Director of Science. Agriculture: File of State College and Federal pamphlets. Work bench and $5.00 tool set. File of clippings etc. Write Rural Director, State Department of Instruc­ tion. History: One modern basal text book. List of supplementary books recommended by the State Director of History. Outline maps for desk use 100 @ 2 cents each Outline maps for wall, five per year @ 25 cents each. Cross section paper 100 sheets @ 1 cent each. Sand table. Standard tests and scales. Drawing: One box crayons per desk. One pair of scissors per desk. One box water color, two No. 7 brushes per desk for groups B and A. One ream cream Manilla paper. One ream mixed colored construction paper about $3.00 per ream. One ream white paper @ $1.50. One pound plasticene @ 45 cents. One set stick prints @ 15 cents. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 35 Ten yards of brown burlap for exhibits. Write State Director of Art. Extra Supplies: One hundred sheets 24 x 24 light brown craft paper. (Get prices from local printer.) Two reams of unruled medium quality typewriter paper for booklets. Fifty sheets of oak tag for drill cards. One roll mending tape. Two spools mending tissue. Two boxes clips. Table and chairs for class discussion and group work. A modem text is one published or revised within the last five years, that is, the copyright date is 1918, or later. Teachers are urged to add to this list. Communications may be sent to the Director of Rural Education, Shippensburg Normal School. Write to the Department of Public Instruction for an approved list of Standard Measurements and Scales. LIST OF BOOKS NOW IN CIRCULATION IN THE RURAL TRAINING CENTRES The following library books were purchased and ar­ ranged into sets upon the recommendation o f Miss Adeline E. Zachert, Director of School Libraries, Depart­ ment of Public Instruction. Through the co-operation of the Normal School librarians, Miss Ida B. Quigley and Miss Estella Slaven, the books were properly catalogued and will be circulated in the Rural Training Centers and Cleversburg Sunday School. Townships might follow this plan of circulating library sets, exchanging the sets at the regular monthly teachers’ meetings. When the one-teacher schools are consoli­ dated, these sets can be assembled into a very useful library. 36 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD LIST I. GRADE 2 Blaisdell. Polly and Dolly. Little Blake & Alexander. Poetry reader for first and second years. Merrill Hall. Jan and Betje. Merrill Heller & Bates. Little Golden Hood. Longmans Lncia. Polly and Peter in summer. Amer. Bk. Potter. Tale o f Peter Rabbit. Warne Smith. Farm book. Houghton GRADE 3 Andrews. Seven little sisters. Ginn Brooks. Stories o f the red children. Educ. Pub. Deming & Deming. Little brothers o f the west. Stokes Howard. Banbury Cross stories. Merrill McIntyre. Cave boy o f the age of Stone. Appleton Richards. Pig brother. Little Trimmer. History o f the robins. Heath GRADE 4 Carry!. Davy and the goblin. Hough­ ton Deming & Deming. Little Indian folk. Stokes Holbrook. Northland heroes. Hough­ ton Leamy. Golden spears. Haine Thorne-Thompson. Birch and the star. Row Wiggins. Story Hour. Houghton. GRADE 5 Beard & Beard. Little Folks’ handy book. Scribner Brown. In the days of giants. Houghton Haaren & Poland. Famous men of Greece. Amer. Bk. Lansing. L ife in the greenwood. Ginn Paine. Hollow tree. Harper Spyri. Moni, the goat boy. Gina Wilkins. Weaver's children. Am. Bk. GRADE 6 Canfield. Understood Betsy. Boston Book Shop Bk. Shop Andersen. Tales from Hans Christian. Lond. Dent. Brooks. Wonder stories from the Mabinogion. Penn Dodge. Hans Brinker. Ginn Grinnell. Jack, the young ranchman. Stokes Lagerlof. Wonderful adventures of Nils. Doubleday Perkins. Belgian twins, School edi­ tion. Houghton Sidney. Five little Peppers. Lothrop GRADE 7 Alcott. Eight cousins. Little Beard. Boy pioneers, sons of Daniel Boone. Scribner Cather. Boyhood stories of famous men. Century Eastman & Eastman. Wigwam even­ ings ; Sioux folk tales. Little Greene. Coal and the coal mines. Houghton Major. Bears of Blue River. Macmil­ lan Piercy. Great Inventions and Discov­ eries. Merrill Shaw. Castle Blair. Little GRADE 8 Basset. Paul and the printing press. Cotes. The story of Sonny Sahib. Appleton French. Heroes of Iceland. Little Howard. Famous Indian Chiefs. Century Marryat. Midshipman easy. Dutton Pier. Harding of St. Timothys. Houghton Richards. Two noble lives. LIST II. GRADE 2 GRADE 3 Baldwin. Fairy stories and fables. Amer. Bk. Burgess. Goops and how to be them. Stokes Grover. Folk lore readers; a primer. Atkinson Judd & Moses. Palmer Cox primer. Century Moore. Pennies and plans. Macmil­ lan Welsh. A book o f nursery rhymes. Heath Baldwin. Fifty famous people. Am. Bk. Chance. Little folks of many lands. Ginn Firth. Stories of old Greece. Heath Lang. Cinderella. Longmans O’ Shea. Old world wonder stories. Heath Shaw. Big people and little of other lands. Amer. Bk. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD GRADE 4 Garuenter. Around the world with the children. Amer. Bk. Bass. Stories o f pioneer life. Heath Craik. Little lame prince. Harper Grimm Brothers. Household stories. Burt Johnson. The oak tree fairy book. Little Perkins. Irish twins. Houghton Stockton. Ting-aling tales. Scribner Zitkala-Sa. Old Indian legends retold. Ginn GRADE 5 Aleott. Jack and Jill. Little Blaisdell & Ball. English history story book. Little Brown. John o f the woods Hough­ ton Drummond. Monkey that would not kill. Dodd Price. Lads and lasses o f other days. Silver Stein. Troubadour tales. Bobbs Wiggins. Tales o f wonder. Double­ day GRADE 6 Andersen. Hans Andersen’s stories Riv. series. Houghton Bowsfield. How boys and girls can money. Forbes Burt & Ragozin. Herakles, the hero o f Thebes. Scribner Eastman. Wigwam evenings. Little 37 Hill. Fighting fire. Century Maeterlinck. Children’s Blue-bird. Silver Ramee. Moufflou, and other stories. Lippincott Skinner. Tales and plays o f Robin Hood. Amer. Bk. Stoddard. Talking leaves; Indian story. Harper GRADE 7 Altsheler. A soldier o f Manhattan. Bostock. Training o f wild animals. Century Defoe. Robinson Crusoe School Edi­ tion. Houghton Elliott. A Texas blue bonnet. Page Hawthorne. Grandfather’s chair. Houghton Meigs. Master Simon’s gardens. Mac­ millan Rankin. Adopting o f Rosa Marie. Holt Thompson. American Beauty. Lothrop GRADE 8 Dix. Blithe McBride. Macmillan Grenfell. Adrift on an ice-pan. Hougton Jewett. Betty Leicester. Houghton Mitchell. Hugh Wynne. Century Phila. S. H. S. for Girls. Everyday manners for Amer. boys and girls. Macmillan Singmaster. When Sarah saved the day. Houghton LIST III. GRADE 2 Baldwin. Fairy Reader. Blaisdell & Blaisdell. Blue and his friends. Little Fox. Indian primer. Amer. Bk. Meyer. Under the blue sky. Little Richards. Five minute stories. Estes Turpin. Fairy Tales VI. Merrill GRADE S Babbitt. Jataka tales. Century Browne. Granny’s wonderful chair. Heath Dutton. Tortoise and the Geese. Houghton Johnston & Barnum. A book o f plays for little actors. Amer. Bk. Norton. Heart o f oak books. No. I. Heath Segur. Story o f a donkey. Heath White. When Molly was six. Hough­ ton GRADE 4 Baldwin. Thirty more famous stories retold. Amer. Bk. Coolidge. New-year’s bargain. Little Eggleston. Stories o f great Americans for lit. Am. Amer. Bk. Jacobs. English fairy tales. Putnam Perdue. Child life in other lands, Seh. ed. Rand Stevenson. Children’s classics in dra­ matic form. Houghton Williston. Japanese fairy tales retold. Rand Series GRADE 5 Abbot. Frigate’s namesake. Century Blaisdell & Ball. American history story book. Brown. Little Miss Phoebe Gay. Houghton Douglas. Little girl in eld Boston. Haskell. Katrinka. (Little school­ mate ser.) Dutton Jamison. Toinette’ s Philip. Century 38 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Lansing. Page, esquire and knight. Ginn McDonald. Martha in Holland. Sch. edition. Little Perry. When mother let us act. Moffat Stockton. Fanciful tales. Scribner GRADE 6 Baldwin. American book o f golden deeds. Amer. Bk. Burnett. Secret garden. Stokes DuChaillu. Wild life under thé equa­ tor. Harper Hall. Men o f old Greece. McDonald. Kathleen in Ireland. Sch. edition. Little Pyle. Pepper and salt ; or seasoning for young folks. Harper Spyri. Heidi. Crowell GRADE 7 Alcott. Little women. Bolton. Lives o f girls who become famous.. Crowell Daulton. From Sioux to Susan. Century Eggleston. Long knives. Lothrop Harris. Joe, the book farmer. Har­ per Mason. Tom Strong, Washington’s scout. Grosset Radford. King Arthur and bis knights. Rand Stevenson. Treasure Island. Scribner GRADE 8 Bennett. Master Skylark. Century Godfrey. For the Norton name. Hughes. Lakerim Athletic club. Century Mighela. Sunnyside Tad. Harper Pyle. Otto of the silver hand. Scrib­ ner Seaman. Jacqueline of the carrier pigeons. Sturgis Wade. Real Americans. Little Little LIST IV. GRADE 2 Blaisdell. Mother Goose children. Little. Elson & Runkle. Elson readers; book one. Scott Grover. Sunbonnet babies. Sch. Ed. Rand Lucia. Peter and Polly in autumn. Amer. bk. Perrault. Tales o f Mother Goose Heath Skinner. Nursery tales from many lands. Scribner Turpin. Fairy tales. V 2. Merrill Welsh. Book and nursery rhymes. Heath GRADE 3 Blaisdell & Blaisdell. Child life in maiiy lands. Macmillan Craik. Adventures o f a brownie. Harper Hopkins. - The sandman ; his farm stories. Page Lang. Prince Darling. Sch. edition. Longmans Richards. Golden windows. Little Thorne-Thomsen. East o* the sun and west o’ the moon. Row pincott Scudder. Book o f legends. Houghton Williston; Japanese fairy tales retold. Series 2. Rand White. Little girl of long ago. Houghton GRADE 5 Baylor. Juan and Juanita. Houghton Brooks. True story of George Wash­ ington. Lothrop & Lee Coolidge. What Katy did. Little Fairstar. Memoirs o f a London doU. Macmillan Lang. Blue fairy book. Longmans Morley. Donkey John of the Toy val­ ley. McClurg Skinner. Dramatic stories for reading and acting. Amer. Bk. Terry. Tales of long ago. Row GRADE 6 GRADE 4 Aldrich. Story o f a bad boy. Riv. Lit. ser. Houghton Blaisdell. Log cabin days. Little Greene. Lincoln conscript. Lang. Yellow fairy book. Longmans Page. Two little Confederates. Scrib­ ner Seton. Lobo, Rag and Vixen. Scrib­ ner Brown. Lonesomest doll. Houghton Hawthorne. Wonder book everyman. Dutton Lansing. Quaint old stores Ginn Lucia. Stories o f American discov­ eries. Amer. Bk. Ramee, de la. Nürnberg stove. Lip- Abbott. Life of John Paul Jones. Dodd , , , . Baker. Boys’ second book of inven­ tions. Doubleday GRADE 7 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Canfield. Kidnapped campers. Har­ per Dyer. Five Babbits o f Bonnyacres. Holt Gibson. In eastern wonderlands. Lit­ tle Lang. Red true story book. Long­ mans Pier. Crashaw brothers. Houghton Seawell. Virginia cavalier. Harper Richards. Captain January. Page 39 GRADE 8 Barbour. Crimson sweater. Century DuChaillu. In African forest and jungle. Scribner Hill. On the trail o f Washington. Appleton Hodgdon. Enchanted past. Ginn Kipling. Captains courageous. Cen­ tury Nicholay. Boy’s life o f Lincoln. Cen­ tury Richards. Florence Nightingale. A p­ pleton Wade. Wonder workers. Little. LIST V. GRADE 2 Bigham. Stories o f Mother Goose vil­ lage. Rand Chutter. Art-literature readers. Bk. 2. Atkinson Grover. Overall boys. School ed. Rand. Lucia. Peter and Polly in winter. Amer. Bk. O’ Shea. Six nursery classics. Heath Smith. Eskimo stories. School ed. Rand GRADE 3 Bigham. Merry animal tales. Sch. ed. Little Cox. The Brownies,their book. Cen­ tury Holbrook. Book o f nature myths. Sch. ed. Houghton Lansing. Fairy Tales. V. I. Ginn Perkins. Dutch twins. School edition. Houghton Tappan. Golden goose. Houghton GRADE 5 Strong. A ll the year round, Spring. Ginn Carroll. Alice's adventures in Won­ derland. Macmillan Davis. Stories o f the U. S. for young readers. Educ. Pub. Co. Hancock. Children o f history. School ed. Little Kirby & Kirby. Aunt Martha’s corner cupboard. Educ. Pub. Co. Ruskin. King o f the Golden river. Page White. Ednah and her brothers. Houghton GRADE 5 Blais dell. Short stories from Ameri­ can History. Ginn Baldwin. Hero tales told in school. Scribner Brooks. True story o f Benjamin Franklin. Lothrop Coolidge. Mischief’s Thanksgiving. Little Perkins. Puritan twins. School ed. Houghton McMurry. Pioneers on land and sea. Macmillan Parsons. Red letter day plays. W o­ men's press GRADE 6 Alcott. Under the lilacs. Little Brown. Lucky Stone. Century Darton. Tales o f the Canterbury pil­ grims. Stokes Meadowcroft. A B C o f electricity. Harper Sewell. Black Beauty. Everyman. Dutton Zwilgmayer. What happened to Inger Johanne. Lothrop GRADE 7 Baldwin. Abraham Lincoln. Amer. Bk. Bullen. Cruise of the Cachlot. A p­ pleton DuCaillu. Land o f the long night. Scribner Forbes-Lindsay. Daniel Boone. Lip­ pincott Pier. Boys of St. Timothy’s. Remick. Glenloch girls abroad. Penn GRADE 8 Andrews. Perfect tribute. School ed. Scribner Cooper. Pathfinder. Putnam Doubleday. Stories of Invention. Doubleday Holland. Historic boyhoods. Jacobs Lamb & Lamb. Tales from Shakes­ peare. Dutton Parkman. Heroines o f Service. Cen­ tury Ragozin. Siegfried and Beowulf. Putnam Zollinger. Widow O’ Callahan’s boys. McClurg 40 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD LIST VL GRADE 2 Bass. Lessons for beginners in read­ ing. Heath Burgerr. Old mother west wind. Sch. ed. Little Grover. Outdoor primer. Rand Lansing. Rhymes and stories. Ginn Norton. Rhymes, Jingles and fables. Heath Seri. In fable land. Silver Wiltse. Folklore stories and proverbs. Ginn Lucia. Peter and Polly in spring. Amer. Bk. GRADE 3 Beckwith. In mythland. Ed Pub. Co. Cooke. Nature myths and stories for children. Flanagan Henderson. Anderson’s best fairy tales. School edition. Rand Lang. History o f Jack the Giant Killer. Longmans Perkins. Japanese twins. School ed. Houghton Smith. Railroad book. Houghton GRADE 4 Crothers. Little Miss Muffet’s Christ­ mas party. Houghton Blumenthal. Folk tales from the Rus­ sian. Rand Haaren. Ballads and tales. Univ. Pub. Co. Judd. Wigwam stories told by North American Indians. Ginn Perkins. Eskimo twins. Houghton Wette. Hansel and Gretel. Stokes GRADE 5 Burrell. Little Housekeeping book for little girl. Page Eliot. Selected stories from Arabian nights. Houghton Badt. Everyday good manners for boys and girls. Laird Bradish. Old Norse stories. A.B.C. Canfield. The big tent. Harcourt Greene. Legends of King Arthur. Ginn Richards. Quicksilver Sue. Century Zwilgmeyer. John Blossom. Pilgrim Press GRADE 6 Brooks. Master of the Strong Hearts. Dutton Collins. Book of Magic. Appleton French. Lance of Kanana. Lothrop Kipling. Jungle book. Century _ McMurray. Pioneers o f the Missis»' ippi Valley. Wiggin. The Bird’ s Christmas Carol. Houghton GRADE 7 Austin. Uncle Sam’s Soldiers. Appleton Barnum. School plays for all occa­ sions. Barse Brown. Four Gordons. Lothrop Dodge. Donald and Dorothy. Cen­ tury Farmer. Girl’ s book of famous queens. Crowell Jamison. Lady Jane. Century Payne. Plays and pageants of democ­ racy. Harper Remick. Glenloch Girls. Penn Wiggin. Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. Grosset GRADE 8 Dodge. Land o f pluck. Century Keller. Story of my life. Grosset Montgomery. Anne of Green Gables. Page Sewell. Little Jarvis. Appleton Tappan. Heroes of Progress. Hough­ ton Twain. Tom Sawyer. School edition. Harper Pompelly. Travels and Adventures. Holt LIST VII. Bannerman. Little Black Sambo. Stokes Burgess. Happy Jack. Little Grover. Folk lore reader. V. I. At­ kinson Lang. Little Red Riding-hood. Long­ mans Murray. Child at play. Little Scudder. Book o f fables and folk stories. Sch. ed. Houghton Wiley. Mother Goose primer. Merrill. GRADE 3 Baldwin. Old Greek stories. Amer. Bk. Chutter. Art-Literature reader. At­ kinson Haaren. Fairy life. Nemson Lansing. Fairy tales v3. Ginn Page. Tommy Trot’s visit to Santa Claus. Scribner Skinner. Merry tales. Amer. Bk. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 41 GRADE 4 GRADE 6 Biaisdell. Stories from English his­ tory. Ginn Crommelin. Famous legends. Cen­ tury Grimm & Grimm. Stories from Grimm, told by Amy Steedman. Dutton Hancock. Children o f history v2. Sch. ed. Little Johnson. When mother lets us help. Moffat Peary. Snowland folk. Stokes Strong. All the year round. Summer. Ginn Tappan. Old ballads in prose. Sch. ed. Houghton Terry. Tales from far and near. Row-Peterson Beard. American boys’ handy book. Scribner Burt & Ragozin. Odysseus, the hero o f Ithaca. Scribner Eggleston.^ Hoosier school boy. Sch, ed. Scribner Miller. Kristy’s queer Christmas. Houghton Tappan. Robin Hood. Little Johnson. When mother lets us cook. Moffat GRADE 5 Blaisdell. Pioneers o f America. Lit­ tle Ball & Alden. Why the chimes ring. Bobbs Bouvet. Sweet William. McClurg Burnett. Land o f the blue flower. Moffat Duncan. Mary’s garden and how it grew. Century Houghton. Russian grandmother’s wonder tales. Ccribner Pylew Some merry adventures of Robin Hood. Sch. ed. Scribner Wyss. Swiss family Robinson. Jacobs GRADE 7 Deland. Kathrina. Wilde Dix. Merrylip8. Macmillan Finnemore. France. Sch. ed. Black Hughes. Dozen from Lakerim. Centur y Porkman. Heroes of today. Century McMurray. Pioneers of the Rocky Mountains. Macmillan Adopting of Rosa Marie Rankin. Holt Throwbridge. Cudjo’ s cave. Pop. ed. Lothrop GRADE 8 Brown. Surprise house. Houghton Dix. Soldier Rigdale. Macmillan Kelley. Three hundred things a bright girl can do. Lippincott Montgomery. Anne of Avonlea. Page Pyle. Story of Sir Launcelot and com­ panions. Scribner Trowbridge. Tinkham brothers' tidemill. Lothrop LIST VIII. GRADE 2 Adams. Folk story and verse. Amer. Bk. Bison & Runkel. Elson readers; book two. Scott Holbrook. Hiawatha primer. Hough­ ton Johnston. Book o f plays for little actors. Amer. Bk. Barnum & Mott. Fishing and Hunt­ ing. Amer. Bk. Poulson. Through the farmyard gate. Lothrop Stevenson. Child’s garden o f verses. Rand GRADE 3 Aulnoy. Brown. ton Dutton. Bk. Howard. Morley. Scudder. Children’ s fairy land. Holt Brothers and sisters. Hough­ In field and pasture. ton Schwartz. Five little strangers. Amer. Bk Turpin. Classic fables. Merrill GRADE 4 Andrews. Ten boys who lived on the road. Gnin Collodi. Pinocchio. Ginn Dole. White duckling and other tales. Crowell Holbrook. Round the year in myth and song. Amer. Bk. O’Kane. Jim and Peggy at Meadowbrookfarm. Macmillan Stein. Gabriel and the hour book. Page Wiggin. Tales of laughter. Doubler day GRADE 5 Amer. Dick Whittington Merrill Seed-babies. Ginn Book of folk stories. Hough- Aenrud. Benton. Page Lisbeth Longfrock. Ginn Little housekeeping book. 42 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Browning. Pied Piper o f Hamlin. Rand de la Ramee. Dog o f Flanders. Lippincott Harper. Story-hour favorites. Cen­ tury Lucas. Slowcoach. Macmillan Otis.^ Toby Tyler. Harper Perkins. Cave twins. School edition. Houghton Stein. Christmas porringer. Page GRADE 7 GRADE 6 Alcott. Little men. Little Barbour. For the honor o f the schoai. Grosset Cooper. Deerslayer. Putnam Drysdale. The fast mail. Wilde Greenwood. Merrie England. Ginn Martin. Story o f a piece o f eoal. A p­ pleton Plummer. Roy and Ray in Mexico, Holt I Stevenson. A soldier of Virginia. Houghton Baker. Boy’s book o f inventions. Doubleday Krout. Alice’s visit to the Hawaiian Islands. Drysdale. Beach patrol. Wilde Haaren |& Poland. Famous men o f the middle ages. Amer. Bk. MacDonald. A t the back o f the north wind. Burt Phelps. Gypsy Breynton. Dodd Slocum. Around the world in the sloop spray. Scribner Bennett. Barnaby Lee. Century Dana. Two years before the mast. Riv. Lit. Ser. Houghton Hubert. Inventors. Scribner Masefield. Jim Davis. Grosset Pyle. Jack Ballister’s fortunes. Cen­ tury Roosevelt. Stories of the great West. Century. GRADE 8 INDEX TO PUBLISHERS AND SUPPLY HOUSES A full set of catalogues should be on file in every town­ ship. American Library Association, 78 E. Washington St,, Chicago.Ill. American Book Co., 100 Washington Square, New York City. American Geographical Society, Broadway and 156 st., N, Y. American Travel and Hotel Publications, 1932 Harford Ave., Baltimore, Md. Appleton and Company, 29-35 W. 32d St., New York City. Allyn and Bacon, Chicago, 111. American Child Health Association, 370 7th Ave., N. Y. Audubon Society, New York City. *Baker and Taylor Co., New York City. Barnes;—A. S. Barnes and Co., N. Y. Birchard, C. C., Boston, Mass. Bloomfield Publishing Co., Bloomfield, 111. Bobbs-Merrill Company, New York City. Boy Scouts of America, N. Y. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD ’'Bradley Reese Co., Baltimore, Md. Burt— A. L. Burt and Company, N. Y. Carnegie Foundation, N. Y. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, N. Y. Century Company, New York City. Bobson-Evans, Columbus, Ohio. Dodd, Mead and Company, New York. Doran— Geo. H. Doran Company, N. Y. Dutton— E. P. Dutton and Company, N. Y. Educational Publishing Company, Chicago, 111. Engle— J. L. Engle, Beaver, Pa. Faxon— F. W. Faxon Company, Boston, Mass. Federal Trade Information Service, New York City. Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York City. *Flanagan— A. Flanagan, Chicago, 111. George, Howard, Frankford, Pa., Playground Outfitter. Ginn and Company, New York. Girl Scouts of America, 527 Fifth Ave., N. Y. Grosset and Dunlap, New York. Hammond— C. S. Hammond and Company, New York. Harcourt, Brace and Howe, New York. Harper and Bros., New York. Harvard Union Press, Cambridge, Mass. Heath— D. C. Heath and Company, Chicago, 111. Hinds, Noble and Eldridge, New York. Holt— Henry Holt and Company, New York. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. International Harvester Company, Chicago, 111. Iroquois Publishing Company, Syracuse, N. Y. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md. Laurel Book Company, Boston, Mass. Longmans, Green and Companq, New York. Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Company, Boston, Mass. McMillan Company, 66-5th Ave., N. Y. McKinley Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 111. Merrill— Chas. E. Merrill Company, New York. Milton Bradley Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 43 44 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD Moffat Yard and Company, New York. Newson and Company, New York. Orange Judd Company, New York. Owen— F. A. Owen Publishing Company, Danville, N. Y. Oxford University Press, 35 W. 32nd St., New York. Page Company, Boston, Mass. *Peckham and Little, New York. Penn Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Public School Publishing Company, Bloomington, 111. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J. Presser— Theo. Presser Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Radio Directing and Publishing Company, N. Y. City. Rand McNally and Company, New York. Revell— Fleming H. Revell and Company, Chicago, 111. *Roberts and Meek, Harrisburg, Pa. Rockefeller Foundation, New York. Row Peterson Company, New York. Russell Sage Foundation, New York. Sanborn— B. H. Sanborn and Company, New York. Schirmer— G. Schirmer, New York City. Scott Foresman Company, New York. Scribner— Chas. Scribner’s Sons, New York. *SeiIer— A. G. Seiler Company, New York. Silver Burdett and Company, Ney York. Small, Maynard and Company, Boston, Mass. Teachers College Publishing Co., 525 W. 120th Stv N. Y. University of Chicago Press, 58th St. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. Warwick and York, Baltimore, Md. Winston— J. C. Winston Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Wilson— H. W. Wilson Company, New York. World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. Submitted by Rural Department. THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 46 A MUSEUM AS A SCHOOL PROJECT By 1922-23 Rural Seniors. Illustrative materials are necessary for educative class­ room activities and teachers are exhibiting the work of the pupils from time to time as units are completed. When the work is properly planned, this exhibit material may be returned to individuals, added to the permanent equipment materials of the school, loaned or given to the County Superintendent, the Normal School in the district and the State Department of Public Instruction for the use of others. That material which shall become part of the perma­ nent equipment of the school oifers problems of selection, storage, additions, substitution of better specimens of a kind. Teachers are urged to counsel with the County Superintendents, Normal School Instructors and the Department of Public Instruction for further in forma­ tion on this subject. The Rural Department will wel­ come reports of school projects of this type for publi­ cation in later numbers of the Herald. The following collections are suggested: Coins, stamps, post cards, photographs, pictures from newspapers, minerals, fossils and igneous rocks, insect specimens, weed specimens, local woods— young and old bark— waxed leaves, wild flower specimens, pioneer implements, Indian relics, war trophies, local historical lecords, old books and newspapers and magazines, copies of local tax bills, copies of deeds of land, household articles, local products, industrial products, etc. WORD PICTURE OF ONE HOT DISH A DAY LUNCH PROJECT Sketched by Miss Jane Allen, teacher of Oak Grove, Cumberland County, Pa. The “ One Hot Dish a Day Lunch Project” inaugurated 46 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD by the Rural Department under the direction of Miss Kieffer three years ago has been successfully developed at Oak Grove School, Cumberland County and the fol­ lowing is a report of the work during 1922-1923. The equipment used was a rack specially made to fit a Waterbury Heater jacket, a two-burner oil stove which v/as loaned by one of the patrons, a two-gallon aluminum kettle, a knife, a fork, a cup, one teaspoon, one tablespoon, one set of salt and pepper shakers and a large tin can for supplies, a tea towel and soap. Necessary supplies such as sugar, cocoa, rice, vanilla, oranges and oatmeal were bought in bulk by the teacher, each child contributing five cents a month in payment. The teacher supplied paper napkins and kerosene Corn meal, potatoes, chicken, eggs etc., were supplied by the children when needed. Each child was furnished with milk by his or her parents. During last year the menu was as follows: Monday, Soup (Vegetable, Oyster or provided for indi­ vidual children in bottles and pint jars ; heated in jars.) Tuesday, Boiled potatoes or soft boiled eggs. Wednesday, Cocoa. Tuesday, Rice dressed with milk, egg and vanilla or with oranges. Friday, Oatmeal, corn meal mush. We varied the regular menu with special dishes pro­ vided by different patrons. Upon the arrival of the teacher at the school in the morning, she placed the kettle with water on the rack over the heater, and left it there until the water began to boil, when she transferred it to the oil stove where the one hot dish v/as prepared. As certain dishes do not require so much cooking, she started the lunch at dif­ ferent periods in the day. At noon two children designated by the school passed the napkins to the children as they returned from «* THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD 47 washing their hands. Lunch boxes were then passed and the dish of hot food was then served by the teacher. Each child took his dish home to have it washed. During the lunch period the teacher and children planned the menu for the next day and slips of paper were placed m the lunch box to serve as a reminder for the mothers. Hot lunches in Oak Grove School are now an established part of the program and results are apparent in the regular attendance of pupils, their increase in weight and noticeable abundance of health. The time used in pre­ paring and serving one hot dish a day is well spent. COUNTRY LIFE CLUB Sixty Group IV Seniors and Juniors made Seatwork Devices and Rural' Community Meetings their problems for the year 1922-23. Every Senior had fifty approved seatwork devices completed which were exhibited during commencement week for the benefit of Country Life Club members in the field. During the year fifteen community meetings were held with programs varying from farm products exhibits, lantern slides, to radio concerts. The forty dollars given to the Rural Department by the Class of 1911 has been used to purchase needed equip­ ment for the different rural projects. As the money is returned by the respective schools, it becomes available for re-investment. The forty dollars are now on deposit for use by the 1923-24 Country Life Club Work. ED. BOWMAN, President. GRACE TRIMMER, Secretary. 46 THE NORMAL SCHOOL HERALD THE SUMMER SESSION COUNTRY LIFE CLUB This summer three hundred students banded together and formed what was known as the Summer Session Country Life Club. Two meetings were held each week so that the members could attend at least one of them. The following members were chosen to head the Club: Harry G. Slothower, President; Carl Fraker, Vice-Pres­ ident; Miss Laura Deibler, Secretary; and George H. Funt, Treasurer. The Radio work was the largest item m the goal set by the members. Under the efficient direction of Reese Bert and his com­ mittee members a Radio Receiving Set was assembled having one stage of detection and two of amplification. This is the property of the Club and cost only $31.00 which was met by the sale of Ice Cream and Heralds. Any members of the Country Life Club desiring to con­ struct a set in their school or community may borrow this set for a period of one month. During the Summer, Dr. Ezra Lehman, Extension Director L. E. Smith, Miss Edna Arnold, Dean of Women, Dr. T. S. Williams of Ohio, and Miss Hannah A. Kieffer, Director of Rural Education, gave lectures that were very practical and inspiring to all who heard them. At the last meeting of the Club, an English class, under the direction of Miss Carrie Belle Parks, staged a debate on Consolidation of Schools, which proved a great success. Next summer we are hoping to have a much larger and better organization for it has passed the experimental stage and has become a reality. We are sure that any students coming next Summer will be glad to join us in our efforts to better the rural conditions in which we are interested. HARRY G. SLOTHOWER, President. LAURA DIEBLER, Secretary.