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THE EDINBORO
QUARTERLY

SUMMER SCHOOL AND
BUDGET NUMBER

The Edinboro Quarterly
THE EDINBOSO QtTABTEBLT is issued in January, April, July
and October by the Edinboro State Normal School. The April number
is the catalog. The other three numbers are filled with announcements
and general news matter.
"Entered as second.clsss matter, Dec. 11, 1913, at the post office
at Edinboro, Pennsylvania, under the Act of Aug. 24, 1912.’’

Vol.

vm

EDINBORO, PA., JANUARY, 1921

No. 1

A Pleasant and Profitable Summer
BALANCED PROGRAM
Work

Study

Play

--------- YOU MAY ——-------------------------Enjoy nine weeks of recreation and study among congenial associates
Earn a better provisional certificate
Earn a professional certificate
Pursue courses tbat lead to a permanent certificate
Increase the scope of your permanent certificate
Earn credits that admit to a Normal School curriculum
Secure advanced credits in the Normal School
Continue your Normal School work
Increase the scoi>e of your Normal School diploma
Pursue professional courses for college graduates
Find specific courses to meet your specific needs
Prepare to teach Art
Learn to swim, row a boat, and engage in out-door sports.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

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THE EHINHORO QtTAETEELT

The 1921 Summer Session
Edinboro is rendering an increasingly important service to Western
Pennsylvania throngh the summer term. There are many people to whom
the summer term offers a splendid opportunity. To the teacher in service
the summer is a time for additional professional preparation, “brushing
up,” preparing for better positions, and enjoying the inspiration of
working with others in a common field of interest. To the regular
normal school student there is a chance to secure advanced credit, to
make the following year more profitable, and to secure certain elective
courses which may perhaps be difficult to get in the other terms. And
to various people the summer term offers an opportunity for special
courses which may be both enjoyable and profitable.
Summer study is becoming every year more popular. In some in­
stitutions the summer session registers many more people than any other
term of the year. A summer need not be spent in idleness in order to be
enjoyable. It may well combine the out-of-door pleasures so abundant
at Edinboro with study. And in the summer school there is always a
congenial and enthusiastic group who enjoy both working and playing
together.
The 1921 summer term from June 20 to August 20 will give oppor­
tunity for work of fully half a semester, if one wishes, or a lighter
schedule may be taken. The regular faculty of the school will be
supplemented by able and carefully chosen instructors, and courses will
be offered to meet a wide range of professional needs.

The Faculty
The summer term faculty will include special teachers beside the
regular Normal School faculty, including men of large experience and
ability in the administration of school systems. A wide variety of
courses are offered, and they will be taught by thoroughly equipped spe­
cialists. A full announcement of the summer term faculty will be in­
cluded in the next number of the Quarterly.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

3

An Ideal Summer School Location
The climate of the Great Lakes region
is the finest in America for summer work
or play. One reason for the great popu­
larity of the University of Chicago sum­
mer session is its location close to the
lake shore, and a similarly advantageous
location makes Edinboro one of the most
delightful places for summer study. It
is cool enough for efficient work and for
the out-of-door recreation which all en­
joy. Certainly no institution in Pennsyl­
vania offers a more attractive location for
a summer term than the Edinboro State
Normal School.
Edinboro Lake is a beautiful sheet of
water adjoining the village. Boating,
swimming, fishing, and other aquatic
sports furnish wholesome recreation for
leisure hours. There are beautiful spots
along the shore or among the gently"
rolling hills for picnic parties. By all
means bring your kodak, for you will
find many lovely scenes which, while they have engaged the skill of the
best photographers, will give of their beauty to any amateur’s snap-shot.
The campus itself, with its well-kept lawns and magnificent trees, is
a place of beauty, and in every direction you will find interesting places
within walking distance, while the most varied and interesting scenery is
within easy reach by motor car. Interurban cars passing the campus run
to Erie, Cambridge Sprnigs and Meadville.
Education is not altogether the intellectual study of books. It in­
volves physical training, and aesthetic development, and learning to ap­
preciate the beauties of nature, and the values of human life and asso­
ciation. The ideal of Edinboro is high scholarship, thorough training for
the work of teaching, and also the development of whatever elements
enter into a fine, well-rounded, and harmonious character.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

4

THE EDINBOEO QUARTERLY

THE OLDEST INHABITANT
Photograph by L. V. Knpper

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

5

What Two Edinboro Students Think
WHY I CAME TO EDINBORO
Many people have asked me why I came to Edinboro State Normal
School in preference to the other normal schools and nearby colleges. I
don't know just how convincing my reply was so I am writing it out
briefly that you may judge for yourself.
When one talks of “going away to school" one takes into considera­
tion the rank of the proposed institution, the cost, the advantage with
regard to entering a larger school, the equipment and teachers, lodgings,
and the location with regard to transportation and recreation.
Edinboro State Normal School is very favorable in all these points.
She is ranked very high among the State Normal Schools by very re-'
liable authorities.
For a quite reasonable sum one may get schooling there that is con­
sidered equal to the first two years of a good college. Then a graduate
of Edinboro may enter the Junior class of a college and be graduated
there at really about half the sum he would have spent had he gone the
whole four years to college.
In order to keep up this high standard in everything, Edinboro has
some of the best teachers obtainable. Also she has the best equipment
for these teachers to work with.
The dormitories and other buildings are very up-to-date and com­
fortable. The rooms in Haven Hall are all being redecorated, and the
Chapel in Normal Hall is being entirely done over and a pipe organ in­
stalled.
The School is located a short walk from Edinboro Lake, the old
Conneauttee, which affords many chances for healthful recreation. And,
too, being half way between Erie and Meadville, it is right in touch with
the outside world. It is on the Northwestern Pennsylvania Railroad, an
electric line providing frequent service. The line connects with the fol­
lowing roads: At Erie with the New York Central, the Pennsylvania,
and the Bessemer. At Cambridge Springs with the Erie. At Meadville
with the Erie, main line Erie, Franklin branch, and the Bessemer. At
Harmonsburg with the Bessemer. At Linesville with the Erie and Pitts­
burgh Division of the Pennsylvania, and the Bessemer.
Then, of course, there were also some sentimental reasons connected
with my going to Edinboro, since my father, aunt, two sisters, and
numerous cousins have gone there. Also Edinboro's being a quiet vil­
lage there are few distractions for the student, one naturally takes more
interest in school affairs of various sorts, and as one gets practical in­
struction in the art of teaching at Edinboro (which some colleges don’t
give) I felt that it would be to my advantage to go there.
EMILY MILLER, E. S. N. S. '22.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

6

THE EDINBOEO QUABTEELY

WHY I AM PREPAEma TO TEACH
There should be and I believe there is some motive or cause for
every action or decision. A person reads a book. His motive may be to
discover gems of expression, to study the author's style or to follow the
story. So it is in selecting a profession. We must consider a given pro­
fession from all sides and angles. Upon our motives, success or failure
will probably depend.
After finishing my High School course, I was still undecided about
my next year’s work. Should I take a business course or become a doc­
tor, a lawyer, a minister or a teacher? After floundering about deciding
on one course and then another, I made a definite and lasting decision,
which, I believe, was founded on these two reasons.
First, the profession must yield a salary large enough to provide a
comfortable living. Second, it must be work that will help my fellowmen and be a source of personal satisfaction.
We often think that the present-day teacher is greatly underpaid,
but let us remember that the salaries paid in many other professions are
not clear profit. The state does not furnish all the medicine for the doc­
tor or the conveyance which he must have. Nor does the state equip the
office of the dentist or furnish the numerous volumes and reading ma­
terial for the lawyer. Let us also remember that many years of study
are required before a doctor or lawyer may actually begin his work. The
person who wishes to teach, may attend a Normal School, teach a few
years and then, if he wishes, continue his study in a larger school.
There is a very great and urgent demand for teachers. With a little
extra study and hard work, one may rise to prominence in the teaching
profession, while the same amount of extra work in another profession
would amount to very little because of the competition one would have
to meet. So, I have decided that the teaching profession would yield as
large an income as most other vocations.
In considering the second and less selfish factor which influenced me
to prepare for teaching, we find that it has been estimated that two mil­
lion children were without teachers last year, or without teachers who
were sufficiently prepared. Surely this is a condition that every young
person should consider in choosing a vocation. Next to the church, the
school is most influential. A teacher has the satisfaction of watching her
pupils develop, mentally, morally and physically under her training.
That profession which shapes and molds young lives and characters is
worth-while. A wise, conscientious teacher gains the love and faith of
the children. She has the honor and respect of the community.
The social position of a teacher is high and she is a leader. Last
of all, let us remember that the success of our own lives will be measured
by the service we render to others. And so, I believe that the work
which leads and directs young lives and so controls the next generation is
one well worth considering in choosing a life’s work.
HELEN KATZEMAN, E. S. N. S. ’22.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

Summer School Arithmetic
to your knowledge
to your professional training
to your efficiency

Add

to your health
to your strength
to your salary

Subtrflldt

weaknesses
your discouragements

Multiply

Divide

your methods
your devices
your time

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

7

8

THE EDINBORO QUARTERLY

The lane of light that
leads to Edinboro,
Across the laughing waves
to Edinboro,
Leads thy loyal sons
and daughters
Back along the shining
waters
To the haven of thy
campus, Edinboro.

A beacon light aurt thou,
O Edinboro;
A welcome beam shines
out from Edinboro,
Shines across the passing years.
Through the gladness and the tears
Of the many who have loved thee, Edinboro.
—E. Leigh Mudge.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SH3HDV31 SNIV31 0303Nia3

THE SHADED OAMPDS

Photo^aph by lu V. Huppor

6

aaawiLM xaoana a>iv aooHOS aanims

10

THE EDINBOEO QUARTERLY

Summer School
PURPOSES Am> COURSES
The summer session may be the term of greatest service to teachers
under contract to teach during the school year. All teachers unable to
give up employment in order to attend school can still afford to attend
the shorter and less expensive summer school wihtout interfering with
their regular income. Pennsylvania is entering upon a program of school
improvement. If the plans succeed, it will necessitate a period of transi­
tion. It is necessary to take care of teachers who have earned their
teaching licenses under the old rules. The summer session offers an op­
portunity to improve the professional qualifications of these teachers, as
well as the preparation of new recruits to the teaching profession. As
an instrument of transition then, the summer session is especially im­
portant.
The work required to earn the different grades of certificate is as
follows:
PROVISIONAI. CERTIFICATE
All candidates for Provisional Certificate are required to take:
(a) All courses in Group A.
(b) Select from Group B one course in Public School Music, one
course in Art, and Health Education.
(c) One Elective six hours per week or two Electives three hours
per week from Group C or C’.
PROPESSIONAL CERTIFICATE
All candidates for Professional Certificate are required to complete
the following:
(a) All courses in Group A.
(b) Select from Group B one course in Public School Music, one
course in Art, and Health Education.
(c) Elect not less than six hours per week from Group D.
PERMANENT CERTIFICATE
A Permanent Certificate is granted after the completion of th6 fol­
lowing courses:
(a) All courses in Group A.
(b) One course in Public School Music, one course in Art, and
Health Education, from Group B.
(c) All courses in Group D.
Students who complete satisfactorily any subject in Group D will
receive a certificate that will be accepted in lieu of examination for the
Permanent Certificate.
Any holder of a Permanent Certificate who will complete not less
than twelve semester hours of college grade in a field of learning, may
have such field written upon his certificate and will be entitled to teach
any subjects included in such field in any Public School in the Com­
monwealth.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

L

11

Used by permission of L. V. Kupper, owner of copyright.

SUMMEE SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

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THE EDINBOEO QHABTEELY
NOBMAI. SCHOOI. AND SPEdAIi CODXtSES

(a) Students who wish to enter a State Normal School but lack the
high school units necessary for admission will be offered the work
required.
(b) High school graduates who wish to begin the regular Normal
School course will have an opportunity to complete work that gives full
credit toward a Normal School diploma.
(c) _ Normal School students may continue the work of their courses
by earning advanced credit or by completing required work which may
be necessary to their classification or graduation.
(d) Normal School graduates who wish to increase the scope of
their certificates or diplomas will be offered courses including nutrition,
art, physical education, music, and special courses to meet specific needs.
(e) Any courses which a sufficient number of students believe will
be of value to them in their respective fields of teaching will be offered.

Course of Study
1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

1.

^
.
Hours No. of
a. Group A
Per Week Weeks
The Teaching of Arithmetic....................................................... 3
9
(Normal School Credit)
This course will include primary number, arithmetic,
and composite mathematics, differentiated by groups
where there are sufficient students.
The Teaching of English.......................................
3
g
(Normal School Credit)
This course will include reading, English grammar,
spelling, oral and written composition.
The Teaching of Social Studies................................................ 3
9
(Normal School Credit)
This course will include United States history, history
of Pennsylvania, Civics and Patriotism.
The Teaching of Science............................................................. 3
9
(Normal School Credit)
This course will include geography, physiology, hygiene,
and general science.
b. Group B
Public School Music:
a. Elementary Public School Music....................................... 2
9
(No Normal School Credit)
Elementary course for those students who have not had
the theory of music in grades or high school.
b. Advanced Public School Music......................................... 2
9
(Credit). Part of the regular Arts 4 course. Pre­
supposes a knowledge of music.
Arts:
1. Art ............................................................................................. 2
9
(No Normal School Credit)
Elementary course for those students who have not had
a good course in elementary art in grades or high school.
2. Art (Credit) ........................................................................... 2
9
Part of regular Art 1 course. Presupposes a previous
elementary course.
3. Health Education .................................................................. 2
9
This course to include school gymnastics, playground,
etc. (No Normal school credit).
c. Group 0
Handwriting (Credit) ................................................................ 2
9
Regular Art 1, 1 course.
2. Observation, Management andMethods............................ 6
9
(Including Practice Teaching)
8. Elective in Education.(Credit).
SeeGroup C........ 6
9

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

Sem.
Hours

1%

IH

%
H

H
8

8

1
/

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER
Qronp C’
Recommended course in Educa­
tion. (Credit).
1. Kindergarten—Primary Methods ......................................... 6
9
2. Kindergarten Theory (E*12)................................................... 4
9
8. Citizenship (SS-4)
4
9
4. Introduction to Teaching (E-1)........................................... 6
9
6. Introduction to Psychology (% E 2)................................. 3
9
6. Child Study (% E 2).............................................................. 3
9
7. School Efficiency (E 13)......................................................... 6
9
8. History of Education (% E 4).............................................. 4
9
9. Principles of Education (^4 E 4)......................................... 4
9
10. Standard Measurements (Elect)............................................ 6
9
11. Rural School Problems (E 44).............................................. 6
9
12. Rural Sociology (SS 44)......................................................... 4
9
18. Sociology (Elective) ...........................................
©
9
14. Current Educational Problems............................................... 5
9
(No credit). This course to take up the following
subjects during the free hour:
e.Group B
1. English Literature (Credit).......................................................12
9
2. General History (Credit)............................................................12
9
3. Biology (Science 1) (Credit).................................................. 6
9
This course to include elementary botany and zoology.
4. Physical Science (No credit)..................................................... 12
9
This course to include Physical Geography and Elemen­
tary Physics.
6. Composite Mathematics ............................................................... 12
9
This course to include Algebra and Plane Geometry!
t. Group E
Additional subjects to Permanent Certificate.
g. Group F
Additional courses for normal students.
h. Group G
Courses for advanced standing for normal graduates, including nutrition,
physical education, music, and special courses to meet specific needs.

13

d.

8

2
2

8

IH

8

2
2

3

8

3

6
6
2

6

6

art,

EXAMINATIONS FOR TEACHERS’ CERTIFICATES
Examinations for all forms of state teachers’ certificates will be held
at The Edinboro State Normal School on Friday and Saturday, April 8th
and 9th; and Friday and Saturday, August 19th and 20th, 1921.
Candidates for these examinations should apply to the Department
of Public Instruction not later than February 15th and July 1st, re­
spectively.
The Department of Public Instruction has recommended that County
and District Superintendents arrange to grant the provisional and the
professional certificate on the presentation of adequate credentials in
lieu of a written examination in subject matter. It is understood that a
cerificate signifying the satisfactory completion of courses during the[
summer session at a State Normal School will be interpreted as “ade­
quate credentials."
♦
NOKSIAL ABT
All teachers seeking provisional or professional certificates will bo
required to take the two-hour-per-week course in Normal Art. This
course will be supplemented by practical projects to be completed out
of class.
Art has long been something in the clouds, something to adorn with
a pink ribbon and place on the what-not in the corner, the bug-bear of
teachers and scorn of school directors, but the supreme joy to the
child. Come to Edinboro and discover how to teach this most interesting

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

14

THE EDINBOEO QUAETERLY

BEAUTIFUL EDINBOBO LAKE
Used by permission of L. V. Kupper, owner of copyright.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

15

of school subjects. We will give you work and material which you can
take back to your classroom in the fall. You need not be especially
talented. If you can teach arithmetic you can teach art. We shall not
attempt to make you all artists but we shall guarantee to give you many
practical projects which YOU can, in turn, give your students.

BLACKBOARD DRAWING
Every teacher of any subject should have at least one hundred
“trade lasts" or stock drawings which he or she can rapidly put on the
board. How interesting and vital is a chalk talk. How much more suc­
cessfully is an idea “put over" with words and diagrams or pictures
than with mere words. For example, if you are a teacher of geography,
can you draw on the board rapidly and well, a river, a canyon, map,
harbor, city, village, mountain or cliff? Come to Edinboro and learn
how. Your teaching will be much more efficient.

HANDWORK
Can you re-bind that old book? Can you make a six-dollar photo­
album for one dollar? Do you know how to work reed into mats, baskets,
etc.? Can you teach weaving on the Shute or Tyndall looms? Do you
know how to make your own note books, portfolios, or desk sets ? If you
want to find out how to do these and many other kinds of handwork,
enroll in the Summer School Handwork Course.

OUTDOOR SKETCHING
Just for the fun of creating something artistic, bring along some oils,
water colors, pencils or pastels and join the outdoor class. If you already
sketch, you will find plenty of material at Edinboro. If you have always
had a desire to make a sketch, here is the time and place for the start.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION
Schools, in the past decade, have discovered their responsibility for
the health of the children. This includes healthful school conditions,
proper physical exercise, and education in the laws of health and sanita­
tion. Recent students of the program of health conservation through the
public schools maintain that health education should be the primary aim
of the public schools.
Edinboro Summer School, in line with this progressive movement,
aims to offer strong and extensive courses in health education. All
courses are planned with a view to presenting materials that will be
thoroughly practical and immediately usable by the teachers in their
local schools. In all of the courses offered in this department, opportuni­
ties will be given for practice teaching either to the other members of
the class or to pupils in the training school. Demonstration lessons,
both in games and in the more formal exercises, will also be a part of the
instruction in each course.

Introduction to Health Education. Rectuired.

2 Hours Per Week.

The object of this course is to give the student an understanding of
the value of health education and of the wide range of this field of work.
Effort will be made to group the students in classes according to indi­
vidual needs so that the material given may be taken back and put into
practical use in their communities.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

16

THE EDINBOEO QUARTERLY

Special attention will be given to the playing of games (playground,
schoolroom and social) such as dodge ball, battle ball, three-deep, end
ball, kick ball, prisoner’s base, call ball, volley ball, relay races, captain
ball, playground ball, story and rhythmic plays, singing games, etc.
Classes will be formed in any of the following courses if a reasonable
number of students apply.

Regular Curricula Courses
Any of the health education courses offered in the regular normal
school curricula will be open for summer school students. These courses
are for students desiring normal school credit. Each course will be
double time per week in order to make it equivalent to the regular 18
weeks’ course.

Swinuning.

2 Hours Per Week.

In order to make the best use of the advantages offered by Lake
Edinboro, the school plans to build bath houses and to rope off a section
of the lake shore for a swimming beach. A reliable life guard will be
on duty, and regular classes for those desiring instruction in the art of
swimming will be formed.

Tennis
The school courts offer excellent opportunity for the playing of
tennis. A summer session tennis tournament is planned. Classes for
beginners will be formed.

Folk Dancing
Simple folk dances, drills, and rythmic plays will be taught which
will be valuable material for use in school plays or entertainments.

Coaching
To be able to coach high school athletic teams is a desirable accom­
plishment for any high school teacher. The course will be designed to
give instruction and practice in coaching teams in the prevailing high
school athletics: foot ball, base ball, basket ball, indoor base ball,
volley ball, field and track. It will not be possible to cover all of these
activities in any one summer. The games of the most interest to classes
will be selected and special attention given to these games. It is possibl that instruction may be given in not more than two of the major
games in one summer. This course is open to both men and women, and
will include athletics for both boys and girls.

Camp Fire and Oirl Scouts
Methods of organizing Camp Fire Groups or Girl Scout Patrols and
their activities will be taught. Edinboro, in the summer, offers unex­
celled opportunities for out-of-door scouting instruction.

Boy Scouts
This important organization has done much in the training of
American boys in manliness and citizenship. Every man teaching in a
Pennsylvania high school should be conversant with scout craft. The
course will aim to familiarize students with the methods of organization
and direction of scout troops. The exact character of the course will
depend largely upon the knowledge of scouting possessed by the stu­
dents who apply for this course.

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SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

17

Social Activities
At certain intervals throughout the session, hikes, bacon-bats, weiner
roasts, sings, camp lire stunts, are planned for all students as demonstra­
tions of large group activities which can be successfully carried out by
the students in their individual communities.

Expenses
Board, home and laundry, for Summer Term, nine weeks.................... $63.00
Registration Fee .................................................. ...............................................$10.00
‘Tuition, nine weeks.......................................................................................... $18.00
‘Tuition during the Summer Term wili be free to students who are
seventeen years of age or over and who declare their intention to teach
in Pennsylvania for two years.

Private Music Lessons
The instructor in music will arrange periods for private lessons in
either voice or piano at the following rates:
One lesson per week for nine weeks.............................................................$ 9.00
Two lessons per week for nine weeks...........................................................$15.00
Piano practice, one 45-minute period daily................................................ $ 2.25
Piano practice, each additional period.........................................................$ 1.50

Pennsylvania's School Program
Progress in any field does not move forward in a uniformly straight
line, but by a series of waves. Pennsylvania's public school system is
no exception to the general rule. It has had a long period of compara­
tive inaction. Growth and expansion have been slow. It is now enter­
ing upon a period of more intensive activity and more rapid growth. The
determination of Governor Sproul to advance Pennsylvania from the
twenty-first place to the first place in public education among states of
the Union was the starting point for the present period of promise. The
selection of Doctor Finegan as Commissioner of Education was the second
and very important step in the Governor’s program.
Under this able leadership, a comprehensive program has been formu­
lated. This program is not confined to any particular part of the public
school system, but is a thorough-going revision and improvement of the
entire system of public education. It calls for a strong Department at
Harrisburg to guide the entire program. It starts with the children in
the one-room rural schools and includes all the youth of the Common­
wealth through the universities. For the children in the elementary
schools, it plans a full term of school, a trained teacher, adequate equip­
ment, modern curricula, perfect attendance. It plans to replace ineffi­
cient one-room schools with modern consolidated units. For the teachers,
it plans to improve conditions, demand higher standards of scholarship
and training, and provide more adequate pay. To train the teachers it
promises a rehabilitation of teacher-training institutions, progressive,
modern curricula, expert faculties, and adequate equipment. Its plans
for the higher institutions of learning are equally comprehensive and
progressive. Already, Doctor Finegan has gathered at Harrisburg a
strong group of experts in the several departments of instruction, whose

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

Photograph by L. V. Kupper

THE EDINBOEO QUABTEELY

FISHINQ IN THE OUTLET

18

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS

SUMMER SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

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duties will be the organization and guidance of instruction in the various
fields of learning included in our public schools.
It is a distinct opportunity which is presented today to the people of
Pennsylvania. Never before has a state had the privilege %f putting into
effect such a sane, complete and scientific program of educational im­
provement. It is a program demanded by the weaknesses revealed dur­
ing the stress of war. It is a program demanded for the successful de­
velopment of our great industries. It is a program demanded for the
safety of our civic and social institutions. It is a program demanded
by commercial, civic and humanitarian interests.
It is a program which requires money. It is money which must not
be regarded as an expenditure but as an investment. Inferior schools,
like poor roads, tax the people more than superior schools, as ignorance
is^ always more costly than wisdom. Incompetence, inefficiency, disease,
disorder, anarchy, levy higher tolls upon the Commonwealth than the
taxes necessary to provide good schools which are the most active and
successful opponents of these evils. The question is to-day before the
people of Pennsylvania in her legislative halls. Shall Pennsylvania go
forward or backward? There is no alternative.
A. G. CRANE, Principal.

Edinboro's Needs
DEFICIT
During the present year, Edinboro will receive from the State and
from student fees, $219.29 for instructional purposes, for each pupil in
attendance throughout the school year of forty-five weeks. It will cost
Edinboro, this year, about $426 per pupil for instruction. It is plain
that the revenues do not meet the expenses.
The latest report of the United States Commissioner of Education
shows that in 1917-1918 the average cost in the State Normal Schools in
the United States was $289 per pupil for forty-five weeks ^ instruction.
The cost of instruction in the group of State Normal Schools comprising
the upper fourth ranged from $369 to $821 per pupil for an equal period.
This was two years ago. The rising cost of everything has probably
raised the expense in the upper group of schools 50 per cent, until today
the best State Normal Schools will require from $553 to $1200 to furnish
forty-five weeks instruction for each pupil.
There seems to be no magical way whereby an institution in Penn­
sylvania can buy coal and books and instructors for any less money than
can institutions in other states. Rising prices during the past few years
did not wait for legislation. The expense outran the income established
by the last legislature. Edinboro has undertaken no expansion, but has
been content with the barest necessities. Even with the strictest
economy, the expenses will exceed the income, at the close of this
biennium by $105,000.00. Other state institutions are in similar plight.
Request has been made of the legislature for the amount of this deficit,
and it is included in the general deficit bill. It is an obligation which
the State is in honor bound to meet. It was incurred in behalf of the
boys and girls of Pennsylvania.

RUNNING EXPENSES
A careful, detailed estimate has been made of all the expenses neces­
sary to maintain the institution for the biennium of 1921-23. This bud­

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THE EDINBOEO QUABTERLY

get has been prepared in such a way as to carefully separate the instruc­
tional expense from the non-instructional. It is expected that noninstructional enterprises shall be wholly self-supporting. These include
room and boarding enterprises, and school supply store. The instruc­
tional expense includes heating, lighting, faculty salaries, wages of other
employees, equipment, and general current maintenance of the plant. In
making this estimate all possible sources of revenue have been considered
and modest increases allowed for a reasonable growth in size and e£5ciency of the institution. The average yearly income during the bi­
ennium, from student fees, has been estimated at $8,250. The only stu­
dent fee included in this is that of Registration, which is $10 per pupil
per semester. There is requested from the State for current instructional
expense $129,700 for each year of the biennium.
,, Pennsylvania's public school system, as a whole, ranks twenty-first in
the United States. If the system of public schools is to rise in rank in
comparison with the other states of the nation, it is necessary that the
training of the teachers must lead the advance. Without well trained
teachers, the public schools themselves cannot progress. The present
estimated costs will still be less than the average of the better group of
State Normal Schools in the United States. Substantial advancement
however, will be possible. The vital factor will be that of faculty If
the present faculty is to be held together and additional members of a
high ^ade added as the institution grows, it is imperative that salaries
be raised to a point where Pennsylvania can compete in the nation's

OAPITAI, OUTLAY
The physical plant at Edinboro consists of a magnificent campus and
some splendid buildings. Many of the buildings, however, are in need
of repairs and alterations to bring them up to modern standards,
years of use and rapid improvements in educational equipment have to­
gether conspired to reduce the efficiency of furnishings and equipment.
Large capital outlays are imperative if the institution's material plant
IS to compare favorably with high class, modern institutions.
The State Department of Labor and Industry, in a careful survey of
the institution, has ordered changes in exit doors, fire escapes, fire prevention devices, and sanitary appliances in order to insure safety of life
and health. These recommendations are all eminently reasonable and
necessary. The Department might properly have made much greater
demands. For these purposes $28,219.40 has been requested. It is the
strict duty of the State to provide safe and healthful conditions for the
young people attending its schools.

ELECTRIC WIRING
In several of the buildings, electric lighting was installed many
years after the buildings were erected. The wiring was made in accord­
ance with the standards then in force. Since that time, improvements
have been made and the State requirements for safe electric wiring have
been made and the State requirements for safe electric wiring have be­
come higher. The Department of Labor and Industry has condemned the
wiring in Normal Hall and it must be replaced with approved wiring in
conduit. For this purpose, $6,000 has been requested. This improve­
ment IS one justified not only by reasons of human safety but as an insurance against nre.

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21

TH E EVEKING HOUB

Photograph by Ii. V. K upper

STJMMEB SCHOOL AND BUDGET NUMBER

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THE EDINBOEO QUARTERLY
HEATma

All buildings are heated from the central Power House, which also
supplies electric light and water. The plant consists of four boilers of
60 h. p. each. The institution has outgrown boilers of this size. Larger
units would be much more economical in fuel and labor. Two of the
boilers have already run the statutory life limit for boilers of this type,
and the Department of Labor and Industry has definitely condemned
them and ordered that they be replaced by July 1, 1921. The coal stor­
age is inadequate, and during the past few years when procuring of fuel
was difficult and uncertain, it had repeatedly been demonstrated that
larger storage capacity would have been a very profitable investment, to
say nothing of safety and convenience.
For the replacing of the old boilers, for new pumps and for remod­
eling of the Power House to provide the additional space for larger sized
boilers and for more adequate coal storage, $19,990 has been requested.

COMPLETION OF BTTILDINaS
Edinboro is designated as a special normal school for giving instruc­
tion in Art and Crafts. This is an important commission, carrying with
it responsibility for the instruction of special teachers in this department
for the entire western half of Pennsylvania. The curriculum, as now
planned, embraces three full years of collegiate work. The school is
fortunate in having at the head of this department a remarkably strong
instructor. The department is now housed in temporary quarters and
operating under exceedingly crowded conditions. Fortunately, the school
possesses an ideal location for Arts and Crafts studios. The third story
of Normal Hall, formerly the gymnasium, presents ideal conditions for
studios. The ceiling is high and lighting is good. Stairways, front en­
trances, floors are already completed. Very little additional expense will
remodel the old gymnasium and give the school an equipment of Arts and
Crafts studios unexcelled anywhere. $15,000 has been requested for this
improvement.
The new dining room, erected a few years ago as the north wing of
Haven Hall, is a modern, fireproof, concrete structure and is the pride of
the institution. It is the first floor of the proposed north wing of the
dormitory. Plans have already been prepared for the second and third
stories. To the first story already erected, the second and third can be
added cheaply. The domitory is already filled to its capacity during the
regular terms and during the summer session there is demand for a
dormitory double the capacity of this one. If the north wing can be
completed this summer, it is certain that next year will see it crowded to
its capacity. It should be erected at once. For this purpose $73,400 has
been requested.
A few years ago, the basement of Normal Hall was finished and
equipped as laboratories. These have proved eminently satisfactory.
The full cost of additional excavating, enlargement of windows, and fin­
ishing of these basement rooms was but a fraction of what the same
space would have cost in a new building. For purposes of laboratories,
shops, cloakrooms and storage, basement rooms are fully as satisfactory
as rooms on other floors. Particularly is this true when ground is as
well drained as is the campus at Edinboro. The basement of Normal
Hall, Recitation Hall and Reeder Hall, are not fully finished. A com­
paratively small expense will make all of these available for proper school
purposes. With the present financial burdens upon the Commonwealth, it
has been deemed especially wise that the institution should, first of all,
make usable all of the space within its present buildings, before much
new construction is undertaken. For the completion of the basement of

ACBOSS TH S IiAKB

Photograph by L. V. Knpper

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THE EDINBOBO QTJAETEBLY

the three buildings, $21,500 will be required. This expenditure will pro­
vide useful space which in complete new buildings would cost fully
twice as much.

TBAINIHa SCHOOL
The heart of the Normal School is its training department. It is
here that the student teachers gain experience in actual problems of the
school room. One cannot learn to swim by correspondence, nor can one
learn to teach by talking about it. At present, the institution uses the
borough school for its practice teaching, but the school is crowded and
additional and more modern equipment is urgently needed. The training
school should be such as will serve as a model for progressive communi­
ties in planning their own schools. It should represent the best in
modern school architecture and practice. It is planned that the new
building shall provide for the organization of the school on the modern
plan of a kindergarten, six elementary grades, a junior and senior high
school. It shall contain the necessary study halls, recitation rooms,
offices, shops, laboratories and play rooms. For this purpose $175,000
will be needed.
PBINCIPAL’S BESIDENCH
It is exceedingly difficult, in Edinboro, for faculty members to rent
satisfactory modern houses. The Principal’s home should be a home so
planned as to permit of student and faculty receptions and possessing a
dignity worthy of a state institution. An ideal property is just at this
time available for purchase. It is a fine brick residence, directly oppo­
site Haven Hall, and erected by Principal J. A. Cooper expressly for a
Principal’s residence. The property is now owned by Mrs. Electa Shupe,
an ardent friend of the school. With the home is two acres of land. It
is impossible to find a property more ideally located for a Principal’s
residence in Edinboro.
Through the generous interest of Mrs. Shupe, the property can be
secured, at this time, at a fraction of its replacement value. It is an
opportunity which should be accepted. For a Principal’s residence and
furnishings, $18,000 has been requested. The property can be purchased
on a cash basis or on the instalment plan.
This explanation of Edinboro’s needs is made for the information of
all friends of education. It is a story which is familiar to alumni and
they will need no urging to secure their support. The requests are all
for essential purposes and all improvements must ultimately be made.
It is certain that people of Pennsylvania desire for themselves and their
children the benefits of the best school service. Let us take steps now to
insure the progress in our school system which will eventually place
Pennsylvania near the top of the list of state school systems. Funda­
mental in the progress of the public schools is the teacher. The institu­
tions which train the teachfers must be supported and made efficient if the
public schools are to progress. The future progress and safety of the
Commonwealth is at stake.
A. G. CEANE, Principal.

THE PICTUEES
Edinboro is fortunate in having one of the best landscape photo­
graphers in the state. Mr. Lawrence V. Kupper has been the recipient
of many honors for his beautiful work, including gold medals and other
notable distinctions such as have been received by few Pennsylvania
artists. We are proud to present the full page illustrations in this
number of the Quarterly as the work of our distinguished citizen.

EDINBORO TRAINS TEACHERS