THE ALTERNAT R
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Vol. 17 No. 1

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Spring 2003

Generating Alternative Currents in Agriculture, Energy and Lifestyles

Into the Woods in Search of Stewardship
4411k

By: Michele Gauger, MS3 Student
It is a humid morning, and

40'
. •

the dew is still fresh on the grass as we approach the trail
armed with transect tapes, stakes, colored flagging and identification guides. We weave
around tree limbs and poison ivy in search of the next sampling plot and hammer in the
first stake. The question is why are we
here and why are we doing this?
We want to preserve for future
generations three Slippery Rock
University forest properties totaling
,or(
135 acres. Shrouded by black cherries,
maples, oaks and hawthorns, these
properties need a stewardship plan to
ensure ecosystem health and proper
use. Forests are renewable and selfgenerating; but these qualities may be
compromised through increased habitat
fragmentation and development in our
TREE LOVERS: Graduate students Michele Gauger and
communities.
Frank Cetera begin to develop a forest stewardship plan.
This past summer I had the chance
Part of the process included measuring to plot
to enjoy sunny days in western Pennsyl- boundaries for tree sampling. (inset).
vania and began research, along with
Frank Cetera and Dr. Steven Doherty, that will eventually lead to development of a federally
guided forest stewardship plan for the university's forest properties.
41. ,

INSIDE
Ecology
Laboratory

Did You Know?

Earth Week

.4/

(continued on page 2)

Letters

Renew

Published by

SlipperyRock
i iv
ersrcYwww.SRU.edu
for a rock solid education

DIY Sustainability at Home:
Plastic Bag Drying Rack
You are probably conscious, or at least trying to be, of economic, cultural, and artistic
aspects of the world of sustainability in your own home. One strategy for convenience,
saving money and reducing waste in landfills is to reuse plastic bags. These kitchen items
are great for freezing food, taking your lunch to work, or storing leftovers, and reusing them
can save homeowners up to $22 a month. Unneeded costs in your kitchen should be
scrutinized for their effect on your pocketbook, the environment, and your senses. After all,
the kitchen is the heart of the home and should be a pleasing and useful environment.
Although plastic bags actually take up little room themselves in storage, they do seem to
take up lots of room when drying draped over the kitchen faucet, your vinegar bottles, or
the back posts of your kitchen chairs. They also are derived from petroleum, a nonrenewable resource. Finally, the costs can be extravagant to buy and use plastic bags a single
time only. A 25 count box of 1 gallon freezer bags from a top brand name manufacturer
costs $3.89, or 15,1 per bag.
A typical kitchen may have anywhere between one to five bags in use per day. Of course
bags from other bought items such as bread and cereal can be reused, but it also helps to
(continued on page 3)

In Search of Stewardship
(continued from page 1)

The forest properties
include approximately 33
acres of the 83-acre homestead of the Robert A.
Macoskey Center for
Sustainable Systems Education and Research. This area
encompasses an old-field
successional forest composed mainly of black
cherry and maple and a
dense old orchard area
consisting mainly of
hawthorn and black cherry.
Other properties include 42
acres in the Wolf Creek
Narrows area, known as the
Miller Tract, site of a past
maple sugaring operation,
and approximately 60 acres
surrounding the Old Stone
House near the intersection
of state Routes 8 and 173,
which is dominated by oak.
The Forest Stewardship
Program was started in
1990 by the U.S. Bureau of
Forestry, to focus on private
forestland owners and their
role in responsible management of their property.
Today between 45 and 50%
of forestland in the United
States is private forestland
and in Pennsylvania alone
there are over 500,000
forest landowners.
In Pennsylvania, 4
million of the 11.7 million
hectares of original forest
were transformed between
the years of 1660 through
the 1970's. These mixed
mesophytic forests are some
of the most complex in the
eastern deciduous forest
system. Currently most of
the population in the region
is 60-100 year old trees,

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created through
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current forest
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ecosystem
health, so Frank
ph,
and I spent this
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summer
11)
conducting this
research. Our
days involved
sampling each
Graduate student Michele Gauger measures tree diameter at breast height
forest property
(DBH) for a forest preservation plan to safeguard University property.
by identifying
tree and seedling species,
regeneration under mature
except through a holistic
approach, which considers
along with other sire
canopy conditions. The
all known scientific factors
characteristics. Stewardship
most prominent factors
forests are not only mancontributing to this lack of
and human values. Comprehensive, coordinated, and
regeneration are deer
aged for their timber value
ecologically informed
but also for multiple uses
pressure on seedling growth,
management is important
including conservation,
and even-aged stand
today as public resources are
recreation, and education.
management silvicultural
practices. Much of the land
increasingly impacted,
Preserving these forests
misused, or depleted.
of Pennsylvania has been
ensures future land use,
watershed protection,
I want to thank Frank
exploited in various ways
for all of his hard work this
natural beauty, and proper
leading to forest stands with
resource management.
past summer for this
poor quality stems, less
Managing university forest
valuable species, and
project, Vivas Macoskey for
her support of this research,
properties will become more
variable stocking crown
cover. Thus, stewardship
Butler County Department
important as our demand
for resources and space
may be the road map to
of Conservation and
Natural Resources forester
increases
more responsible forestry.
Bob Shurtleff for all of his
All three of the
The final plans for each
guidance, Butler County
university's properties have
forest will assess their
Planning for their financial
no written management
present condition, list
backing of this project
plan. As these forest stands
recommendations based on
through their mini grant
develop and are stressed by a
goals of the landowners,
variety of factors, they begin
consider silvicultural
program, and Dr. Steven
Doherty for his partnership
to show signs of growth
practices, and create mulon the grant, plan developpresent in typical Pennsylvatiple use practices if not
nia forests, such as the lack
ment, and never ending
already in place. Forests
of sufficient advanced
support. Many thanks!
cannot be properly managed
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Plastic Bag Drying Rack
(continued from page 1)

have some high quality store
bought plastic bags on
hand. In any case, washing,
drying, and reusing bags can
save $4.50 to $22.50 per
month based on the above
numbers if one were to buy
and use bags only one time
apiece. The fringe benefits
to this practice include
acting on concerns for nonrenewable resources and
streaming of waste into
landfills.
While these are all good
reasons to reuse plastic bags,
some still refrain due to the
unsightliness in the kitchen.
People are generally not in
the habit of laying their
dishes throughout the
kitchen to dry, or their
washed clothes scattered
over the living room
furniture to dry. By providing an aesthetically pleasing
dedicated tool in the
kitchen, the drying bags
assume a more dignified
role; while the holder brings
some charm and personal
character to the room,

especially when you design
and build it yourself.
This column was initially
triggered by the offering for
a plastic bag drying rack in a
nationally known company's
catalog. After a first
thought of "I'd like to have
that!" the price loomed into
view. It seemed unduly
expensive, especially with
shipping and handling
thrown in. It would be easy
to make a less expensive
original model rather than
buying this item through
the catalog. The catalog
version cost $15 plus S&H
and had room to dry 7 bags.
The version pictured here
cost about $4.15 (plus some
screws and mineral oil
found lying around), 30
minutes of time for assembly, and has room to dry 4
bags. A larger model could
easily be made for a different household's needs. A
less expensive model could
also be created if you have
more scrap or craft materials
around the house.

4P.

tot

This plastic bag drying rack helps recycle plastic bags.

This drying rack is
working perfectly and has
taken up a permanent
position in the kitchen. It
has also inspired others to
create their own drying
racks. Perhaps this simple
example will inspire you to
share your DIY Sustainability ideas and stories
with the rest of our reader
ship. Remember these food
safety tips when reusing
plastic bags: Do not reuse

THE ALTERNATOR
Editor: Frank Raymond Cetera
The Alternator is assembled quarterly by the ALTER Project,
the MS3 program and the Robert A. Macoskey Center
at Slippery Rock University. The Robert A. Macoskey Center
is an education and research facility that supports
Slippery Rock University's Master of Science in Sustainable
Systems (MS3) degree, as well as other environmental
and science oriented academic programs. The views expressed
herein do not necessarily represent those held by
the university. Letters and submissions are welcome.
Please address all correspondence to:
The Macoskey Center
ALTERNATOR EDITOR/ Slippery Rock University
Slippery Rock, PA 16057
724-738-0606
E-mail: thealternator @SM. edu

plastic bags that have been
used to store meat, dairy, or
other food items that easily
spoil; always wash plastic
bags with soap and hot
water, and rinse thoroughly;
allow washed bags to
completely air dry before
reusing; and discard any
plastic bags that have
absorbed odors or food
substances such as oils
and fats. 0

The Alternator, the ALTER project, the Macoskey Center
and the Sustainable Systems graduate program wish to
thank Frank Cetera for his contribution to sustainability at
Slippery Rock University. During his years as an M53
candidate, Frank has acted as editor to the Alternator,
prepared interpretive information for the Macoskey Center
trails, helped inventory SRU forest resources, was president of
the local North Country Trails chapter, and participated in so
many work days and social learning events at the Macoskey
Center. We wish him and Sue peace and prosperity in their
pursuit of a more just world full with infinite possibilities.

3

Center Ecology Laboratory Celebrates 3 rd Anniversary
By:Valentin Kefeli, Ph D, Slippery Rock Watershed Coalition, ALTER member
Bruno Borsari,MS3 Faculty

The basement Ecology Laboratory of the Robert A.
Macoskey Center for Sustainable Systems Education and
Research remains a less visible component of the homestead
to visitors, and also to students who regularly study and work
on the premises. However, despite its humble location and
size, this ecological laboratory has been a true asset to SRU
students, professors and ALTER members, for the investigation of many science and sustainability issues. Students have
been the primary beneficiaries of this effort and their work
has allowed them direct exposure to the local, scientific
community.

The realm of investigations spans from the study of waste
water systems and composting, to the identification of
selected plant exudates and their effect on seed germination
(biotest). Other notable research endeavors study the effects
of UV-light on cell division and elongation. The bacterial
evaluation of Macoskey Center air and water quality is also
an important component of the research
program. Studying
the cycle of phenolic
substances within
plant and soil systems
if
has led to conceive
possible applications
• :.0.141-5
, • ;for these natural
L '
, •
plant excreta that
could be used as
alternatives to
herbicide application.
Their capabilities as
plant growth inhibitors have amplified
the investigative
interests of the
Papyrus from the former greywater
system resides among much plant growth
Macoskey team in
in the basement lab.
this direction.
The most important aspect of the laboratory is the
continued integration of students in the research activities
being carried on. Initial student investigations in 1999 by
Anthony Liguori, Chris Hill, Dan McGurk, and A.
Owczarchik centered on the properties of fabricated soil
components such as saw dust, dead leaves, compost, pond
sediments, and topsoil. The laboratory's main period of
research activity is fall through spring to correspond with
student semester schedules. This is the period of plant
dormancy outdoors, however, in the lab, plants can be forced
to grow due to the availability of artificial growing conditions. The laboratory enjoys continued success under the
management of Valentin Kefeli, Ph D, who mentors 10 — 12
students yearly, and oversees 3 4 research projects within
the laboratory.
Another goal of the laboratory is to carry on common
projects with other entities such as the Slippery Rock Watershed Coalition, Jennings Environmental Education Center,
Robert Morris University, and other departments within the
Slippery Rock University educational system. In fact, it was
at 1998's SRWC Watershed Symposium held at Jennings
Environmental Education Center in which university
partners met with Margaret Dunn, Dave Johnson and Will

A Little Bit of History
The Ecology Laboratory was founded in September 1999
based on the conception of ecologically pure research methods
without the use of hazardous chemicals. In January 2000, the
Macoskey Center Laboratory was equipped with recycled
furniture and shelves. Other materials included a small
refrigerator, ultra-violet light, fluorescent lights, and glassware.
When Dr. Bruno Borsari joined the MS3 program in August
2000, he accepted enthusiastically to supervise with Dr.
Valentin Kefeli the activities and projects of the laboratory.
This new partnership helped to generate new ideas and
approaches while contributing tremendously to the expansion
of the program.
The Research Program
The laboratory was conceived to combine natural phenomena and laboratory investigation in four related branches
of study relating to a philosophy of sustainability:
Philosophy:
Eco-spirituality, Permaculture, Sustainable Development,
Biospheric Cycles.
Ecology:
Water Systems, Wastewater Cleaning, Plant-Soil Relationships, Composting Processes (Nitrogen : Carbon Ratios),
Effects of UV-C Light on Cell Division and Elongation.
Biology:
Properties of Root Exudates, Leaves as Sources of Botanical
Herbicides, Sanitary Properties of Plants, Plant Propagation
Through Cuttings, Micro Bacterial Evaluation of Air, Water,
and Soil.
Biochemistry:
Plant Phenolics, Phenolics in Soil, Phenolics Identification,
Chemotaxonomy.
4

Taylor and began a tight collaboration that led to the creation of the laboratory.

Did You Know?

Scholarly Achievements
Primary outlets for the dissemination of research findings
have been the Slippery Rock University Research Symposium
and the SRWC Watershed Symposium. These events are
held annually and our work has appeared as published
abstracts in SRU's Journal of Scholarly Endeavors (Volumes I
& II), and in the SRWC Watershed Symposium program.
The research has also been presented at The Pennsylvania
Consortium of University Biologists (CPUB) conference and
the Annual Conference of the American Society of Plant
Physiologists (in 2001 and 2002). Last August, a one-hour
workshop of our research on botanical herbicides was
presented at Millersville university's Pennsylvania Conference
for Excellence in Teachers' Preparation (CETP-PA).
Many thanks go to the College of Health, Environment and
Science for their continued support, and for former Interim
Dean Leona Parascenzo and Assistant to the Dean Mary Ann
King, for their roles in helping to establish the laboratory. In
addition, Macoskey Center Director Thomas Reynolds is to
be credited with the laboratory layout design, and for
participating in the organization and implementation of the
design with MS3 students Jeff Reidenbough and Frank
Cetera. Finally, recognition of the current research team
continuing studies in the laboratory under the supervision of
Drs. Borsari and Kefeli goes to Heather Mikulas (MS3
student), Mahesh Poon (SRU Environmental Science major
from Nepal) and Ryoko Funada (SRU Chemistry major
from Japan).

0

+

Upcoming events at the Robert A Macoskey Center for
Sustainable Systems Education and Research include:
Feb. 22: Work Day
April 12: Work Day
March 22: Work Day April 24: Organic Lunch (On Campus)
All dates are tentative until confirmed. Contact the Center at
(724) 738-0606, macoskey.center@sru.edu for more information.

+

Macoskey Center graduate assistant Megan Ward has recently
completed work on a 28 page booklet designed to education
readers about the benefits and science of composting. The
project was funded primarily through a Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection grant administered
through the Butler County Recycling and Waste Management
Office. For more information, or to learn how to obtain a copy
of the booklet for yourself, contact the Center at (724) 738-0606
or ma cos_key2sw,edu

+

The Macoskey Center and the Master's of Science in Sustainable
Systems program once again were partners in the annual
Empty Bowls Dinner to benefit the New Castle City rescue
Mission, the Butler Area Agency on Aging, and the Feed My
Sheep Food Cupboard. Attendees are treated to local
entertainment, beautiful hand made bowls to eat out of and
then keep, and tasty soup and fresh bread fora small donation.
This years offerings included Vegetable Medley and Cream of
Potato and Chives.

•

Macoskey Center resident and MS3 student Brooke Cuttino
participated as an actress in the staging of Attilio Favorini
and Lynne Conner's In the Garden ofLive Flowers. This
production of Rachel Carson's life story culminated a yearlong
celebration of the environmentalist's life. Carson was most
famous for writing the book Silent Spring, which revealed the
dangers of pesticide use.

•

ALTER member Valentin Kefeli of Biomost, Inc in Cranberry,
Pennsylvania, Maria V. Kalevitch from Robert Morris University,
and Bruno Borsari (Editor) from Slippery Rock University of
Pennsylvania have collaborated to publish Natural Growth
Inhibitors and Phytohormones in Plants apci Environment. "This
book represents the authors' lifetime dedication to the study of
inhibitors and phytohormones as well as its practical
applications for achieving a more sustainable agriculture...this
effort proposes a more logictic approach to the study of plant
physiology, in which the plant-soil interactions are discussed,
with a profound description of different allelochemicals and
their effects on plants growth." (Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, Hardbound ISBN 1-4020-1069-9, October 2002,340
pp. USD 118.00)

❖

A group of artists and peace activists, in cooperation with the
Thomas Merton Center in Pittsburgh,are developing an
International Peace Flag. Volunteers are needed to do peace
symbol research, survey internationals in the US and abroad
regarding peace symbolism from their region of the world, and
to help distribute the survey through the internet via list-serves,
mass mailings to friends, or other avenues. For more
information visit www.thomasmertoncenter.org (on the home
page, click on International Peace Flag); or contact Mary Beth
Steisslinger (stebs(ingeurt@eucloramail.com) for an electronic
copy of the survey. 0

WalterAlter
A Traditional Irish Blessing
"May the road rise to meet you,
May the wind be always at your back.
May the sunshine warm upon your face,
The rainsfall soft upon your fields.
And until we meet again,
May almighty holdyou in the
palm of its hand...
May green be the grass you walk on,
May blue be the skies above you,
May pure be the joys that surroundyou,
May true be the hearts that love you."
Well., Waiter

COIIgEfPONpENTIN THE FIELD
5

A Letter From Our Readers...

Earth Week 2003 at SRU
April 22 Ag Encounters Day on the Quad
Lawrence and Butler County Extension turns the
quad into a farm for the day, with animals, visits
by local elementary schools, and farm equipment
to check out.

Dear Alternator,
Read your article about greywater (Playing with Dirty Water:
Greywater Treatment at the Macoskey Center, Spring 2002) with
interest as I had just asked one of my sons if he could come up
with an idea to pipe my kitchen greywater out onto our small
piece of lawn. I've got a dishpan in our sink, plus a pewter
pitcher on the counter any leftover water I use to water my
plants indoors or outdoors. Fortunately our kitchen is only
around the corner from our front door. I'm in my eighties now
and not in a rush — so this works okay for me, until someone
comes up with a better way to save our precious water.

SRU Cares Day
11:30 a.m. — 1 p.m. (common hour)
Institute for Community Service-Learning and
Nonprofit Leadership sponsored trash cleanups
at various sites across campus.
April 24 Good Food Lunch
11 a.m. — 1 p.m., MPR University Union
Speaker: Kim Seeley, Milky Way Farms

Good luck,
Jean Dickinson

April 26 Earth Fest
Robert A Macoskey Center for Sustainable
Systems Education and Research
Ongoing: Guided Tours of the Center
11 a.m. — 4 p.m.: Ecological Art Exhibition
(Harmony Barn)
11 a.m. — 4 p.m.: Quilting Showcase at Slippery
Rock Township Building
11 a.m. — 4 p.m.: Kite Flying with
"Pittsburgh Fly" Kite Club
11 a.m. — 12 noon: Kite Making Workshop
11 a.m. 12 noon: Music, Band TBA
12 noon — 1 p.m.: Black Sheep Puppets
12 noon — 1 p.m.: Tree Grafting Workshop
with Jack Stupka
1 p.m. — 2p.m.: Music, Acoustic Shadows
of Blue and Grey
1 p.m. — 2 p.m.: Earth Kids Activities
1 p.m. -- 3 p.m:. Children's Theater,
"Mountain Myths"
3 p.m. — 4 p.m.: Music, Band TBA
3 p.m. — 4 p.m.: Earth Kids Activities
0

Jean, numerous possibilities exist for using greywater, and no
one solution is right for every application. To help you on
your way, check out a copy of Create an Oasis With
Greywater: Your Complete Guide to Choosing, Building and
Using Greywater Systems by Art Ludwig.
The revised
edition, published in
February 2000, is a wealth of information
from basic nuts and bolts of plumbing,
irrigation, and systems descriptions, to
supply and reference lists, and health and
legal guidelines. Published by Oasis
Design, Ludwig's book is packed with 24
figures and 35 photos to further guide the reader along.
(49 pages, $14.95, ISBN 0964343304)

In The Summer 2003 Alternator...
• News and views from the Robert A. Macoskey Center
for Sustainable Systems Education and Research
• Reader submissions
• And much more!!
Readers are encouraged to submit articles, ideas, artwork,
humor, news, poetry, fiction, book and music reviews,
announcements and other commentary. Submissions
should be "Word" formatted and on disk, or doublespaced hard copy. Please include information on how to
contact you. Material should be sent to: Alternator
Editor, The Robert A. Macoskey Center for Sustainable
Systems Education and Research, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057; or e-mailed to The
Alternator@SRU.edu. The Alternator editor reserves the
right to edit for length, style and interest. Material will
be included in upcoming issues as space allows. Submissions are accepted on a rolling basis for quarterly issues
corresponding to seasonal releases. 0

MACOSKEY CENTER
WEB SITE UPDATE
With the relaunch of the Slippery Rock
University Web site, the Macoskey Center
pages are now located at:
http: msfwebl.sru.edu/pages/756.asp
Please visit the site and provide feedback
as appropriate. Look for details on the Macoskey
Center Wel) site update in our next issue.
6

Another perennial favorite Joseph Jenkins' 2" edition (July
1999) of The Humanure Handbook: A Guide to Composting
Human Manure, contains a full chapter on alternative
greywater systems. Illustrations by Tom Griffin are both
humorous and educational, while the 302 pages pack a
whopping amount of useful material. (Jenkins Pub, $19.00,
ISBN 0964425890)

and am eager to support the sustainability movement
through my future endeavors.
The sustainability of communities and the existence of
great ways of life are rooted deep in the processes and entities
of our natural world. Watersheds and rivers are intertwined
with all other forms, and within them are rooted our culture
- beautiful art and music reflecting the hues of ridges and
shores - struggles for survival and creativity that produce an
environmentally minded society of intuitive thinkers —
design and planning of our human surroundings that reflect
and work with our natural environs.
So as we keep our waterways flowing and full of life, we
keep alive the tributaries of our heritage, and build a lifestyle
of a cooperative existence that reflects beauty and goodness.
I wish all of you continued success in the venues where you
work for sustainability; as I know that you will work with me
to support watersheds and rivers, and all the other entities of
sustainability, for the benefit of all.

...And a Letter From the Editor
Dear Readers,
I have truly appreciated the opportunity to work as Editor
of the Alternator for the past three years. Though Editor itself
fails to describe my experiences and rewards as writer, community member, student, friend, and husband during my time in
Slippery Rock. I arrived as a Master of Science in Sustainable
Systems (MS3) student and Macoskey Center resident in
August 1998, I leave today as ever so much more.
My path now takes me to Harrisburg where I will work as
Watershed Programs Coordinator for the Pennsylvania
Organization for Watersheds and Rivers (POWR). I am
looking forward to many new experiences and opportunities,

With Best Regards,
Frank Raymond Cetera,
Editor (June '00 - March '03)
This issue dedicated to Suzanne; I love you - Frank

0 4

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7

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,.:

4,114.T

it .6.1. A.

The revamped "Harmony" slate '

NR:

"ourtesy of slate roofer Joe Jenkins.

: ••••t • f.,•