Student% wash destroyed in fire BSC gamblers risked ail or nothing at casino night last Saturday. Hollywood squares on Monday, October 4 promises to be another exciting night of entertainment for BSC students. (photo by Morse) Planning results in new budget BSC's request budget fon497778 is based on three years of college-community planning effort and is needed to continue implementation of planned missions, President McCprrmick told Pennsylvania Department of education officials and members of the Board of State Colleges and Universities , Directors at a budget hearing in Harrisburg last Friday. The college is requesting an operating budget of $21,695,914, a 12.3 per cent increase over this year 's $19,303,412. To provide this amoun t the college is requesting an appropriation from the Commonwealth of $13,919,914, or 20 per cent more than the appropriation for the current year. Student fees and other local income are expected to total $7,776,500. "Our budgeting is tied directly with long range planning that began in 1973," President McCorrmack pointed out. "We are seeking an appropriation needed to provide adequate funding for the approved and expanding missions in Nursing,, Business Administration , and continuing and for Education , strengthening programs in the Arts and Sciences and !in Professional studies." President McCorrmick said the faculty student ratio at BSC remains one of the highest in the state college system , even though the college has received eigh t new positions and authority to replace faculty who had been granted leaves. He said that the college total employee compliment has increased by only 3,4 per cent over the last year, and that a minimum of 22 new positions would be needed to provide effective support for the new and expanding programs and to reduce the faculty-student ratio. The budget presentation also included a capital budget request for three major campus projects including a $4,317,300 addition to the Andruss Library, as well as replacement of worn electrical cobles and renovation BY BILL TROXELL Elwell resident Craig Smith lost approximately $125.00 worth of clothing in a blaze that occuredinhis room Sun day evening. The fire broke out in his laundry bag and burnt his clothes, blanket , and mattress. Smith did his wash that afternoon in the laundry room located in the basement of Elwell. He put his clothes in a dryer and put 40 cents in. After twenty minutes he returned to the laundry to find that his clothes were very dry and very hot. Apparently they became so hot that when he put his clothes in a bag, they were smoldering. Smith left the clothing bag in his room, and went to eat dinner, and they caught on fire. This is the second of similar occurrences within the last year. Smith is seeking restitution for his clothing damagesfrom the firm ',. that puts the dryers in the dorm. The alarm was turned in at approximately 6 p.m. The residents were evacuated efficiently, although there was a general feeling of shock when six fire trucks arrived on the scene This time the alarm wasn't just a drill. Mr. Smith is also proud and happy to announce that his gerble, "Houdini" survived the blaze by crawling out thewindow. KM (j Jf AM |T7j jjj I"Kl of Sutliff Hall. It was pointed out that when the Library was built in 1966, it contained shelf space for 200,000 volumes, while present holdings are close to 250,000: To make space for additional shelving, seating has been reduced from 750 to 499. In addition to bound volumes the library holds approximately half a million microfilm units. First representative assembly initiated in Pa. at BSC by STUART DUNBAR In the Spring term of last year at BSC, the Representative Assembly was formed. In Pennsylvania there are fourteen other state colleges, and BSC is the first to have a Representative Assembly. The Assembly shall serve as a forum for the discussion of college matters, a framework for the maintenance of a coordinated committee system and a organization to recommend college policies. All college affairs will be considered by the assembly but educational policy shall constitute the principal focus of Assembly actions. • The student body will be represented by a member of eyery dormority , off campus female and male residents , male and female commuters and graduate students. As for the faculty and administration every department shall elect one representative. Membership shall also extend to the President, who will hopefully attend the meeting and act mainly as an observer, all Vice Presidents, and Deans. This year the Representative Assembly will move into its first by PEGGY MORAN Contrary to popularly held notions , if students meet standard requirements that fall within specified guidelines, they are eligible to receive food stamps and-or supplemental income. Anyone applying for food stamps must be a United States citizen whose adjusted income falls within pre-determined limits, to be eligible. Students are not required to register to work as a condition of food stamp eligibility if they are enrolled at least part time in any school or training program recognized by federal, state, or local government agencies. Although educational grants, scholarships , fellowships , deferred payment loans, and veteran's educational benefits are considered income for food stamp purposes, tuition and mandatory fees are deductible, These deductions do not include the cost of books, meals at school , transportation , or supplies. OTHER AID Other forms of aid available from the County Assistance Office include Medical and Cash assistance. If your income is under $164 per month, and you have no savings or other resources to draw on, you may apply for additional income to bring you up to the statedetermined minimum. WHERE TO APPLY For more information or if you • want to apply for food stamps., contact the County Assistance Office at 1123 Old Berwick Road or call 389-3576. When applying for food stamps or supplemental income, you may be asked to provide verification of certain eligibility factors, i.e. income arid deductions. Food stamps given in certain circumstances FOOD STAMPS Students may apply for and receive food stamps if: they have access to cooking facilities, (a hot plate is adequate) . they purchase, prepare, and store their own food. If a group of students live together, they may apply as a household unit. Resource guidelines of $1500 liquid and non-liquid assets per household unit must be met. full year. In years past at BSC all policies concerning the college were made by top administrative heads. For example the hospital doctors were chosen and rules concerning dormatories were chosen by them. This year, however, many more decisions will be made by the Representative Assembly. Membership as stated before applies to every section of the campus. According to ., Tpm Mulhern, the concept behind the Representative Assembly is to have a shared campus government. Tom would like to see at least thirty-five to forty percent of the Assembly could be made up of students. This means that students must get involved, participate and get together if they want things done. The policies brought before the Assembly are discussed by the Executive Committee which is made up of the top three CGA members and hopefully the other two positions will be filled by students. It then gets discussed by the appropriate Coordinating Committee. Each Coordinating Committee has a chairman and will hopefully have sixteen members.' The Coordinating Committees are Academic Affairs , General Administration , College Life. Selected Campus Services, Human Relations , and the Presidential Planning Com' mission. A AT r* DLLTOLH i evil's sea The dDUANE LONG A i Don't "bank "on it The fact that the physical laws of our known universe did not apply in this new world was quickly made evient when I righted the plane according to our view from the cockpit. I flipped the aircraft so that the- stars appeared before us and rolling sea lay beneath, but our attitude controls and the very pull on our bodies told us that we were now upside-down ! In essence our eyes told us that the plane was rightside-up while both gravity and our instruments contradicted this contention. What was even worse was the fact that upon dropping to three hundred feet the altimeter indicated an increase in altitude. In spite of the overwhelming evidence in favor of our existing in a world of utterly alien physical laws, we chose to regard the matter as a massive case of instrument failure. We never suspected then that our instruments were working properly with regard to our dimension , which was where we weren't. Our first impulse upon flying closer to the sea was to radio for help; a course of action which proved fruitless even after exhaustive transmissions on all emergency aircraft channels. Gradually we came to accept the. fact that we were utterly Two years ago the "Governor 's Review " for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania recommended that a full service bank should take the place of a student bank, "because it cannot offer the full range services that a commercial branch could." This year the recommendation became a reality in the form of a branch of the Bloomsburg Bank and Columbia Trust. On paper this bank sounded like a brilliant idea. The annual income from the bank would be an estimated $3,000 and CGA would save about $10,000 in salaries and supplies which were needed by the old bank which was run on student funds. However, the idea of a full service bank has proved to be no where near brilliance in its initial four weeks at BSC. The lines for service at the bank have stretched from inside the office, across the hall, and into the adjacent President 's Lounge. Students have waited in line for anywhere from 15 minutes to a half an hour just to cash a check ! If one can endure the wait, then he or she must come near to signing away their first born male child before the inquisitive teller will give them their money. Granted, this is a gross exageration, but entirely too much information is being requested by the tellers before they will cash a students check. This interrogation by tellers might account for the length of the lines during busy hours and for the time students who may be in a hurry have to wait. The bank personnel attributes the time factor to the fact that the bank is new and they are opening new accounts and also students are not reading the sign which gives the information which is required on a check endorsement. Debbie Nesbitt, branch manager and a BSC graduate, contends that "the bank is protecting itself" by requiring so much information on the check when it is cashed. However , there is no unity among the tellers upon the information which needs to be on the back of the check. Some make students put things on the back of a check,, which they might not even sign to a job application. ¦ Vice president in charge of branch operations for the new bank, Mel Pankuck claims that "he is not aware" of the long lines and the superfluous information required on the check endorsement. Well, the studenfs are sure as hell aware of it and i think its about time that bank official makes himself cognizant of these problems. Another problem with the bank has been the noon closing time on Wednesday. In the school's contract with the bank there is a provision which states that if the college and bank agree, hours can be changed. Assistant manager of the Kehr Union John Trathen had approached bank officials about staying open longer on Wednesdays especially since the student payroll comes out on.that day, but bank officials have said no to the changing of hours . Frank Lorah, Student Life Accountant here, has been working with Nesbitt to try to improve the situation and some headway has been made. Nesbitt.also claims that students should know that the bank only has one full time employee and a limited amount of space. The only question in my mind is what kind of a bank would open a branch office with only one full time employee? Again students had little, if any, say about the bank's appearance on this campus. Only the executive council of last year's CGA saw the contract and it was never brought before the full body of college council, Perhaps, as Joe Vaughn suggested at Jim Percey's lecture on student rights, students should run their own bank. The possibility should at least be investigated for its potential. Then if problems arise, students could deal with a person who might be aware and sympathetic to student banking problems, rather than an executive who isn't knowledgeable of the difficulties students must experience. DALE MYERS Register to vote by Octo ber 4 ODYSS E Y II _—_ ________ lost. Yes we were lost, but not merely in a geographical sense. We had traversed the barriers to that which beings far more knowledgeable than I call the great abysses of polydimensional space and time. In time we came to know that these barriers were imposed upon our dimension by beings of fantastic powers. Clark and I learned of how we came to pass through these barriers, and how to return. For the moment, however, the facts of our arrival were just asserting themselves... In the course of a few minutes we sighted the form of an approaching land mass. As the vast continent loomed beneath us we changed course to fly along the narrow strip of beach. I brought us in at eighty feet for an observation run. The glow of our landing lights illuminated the smooth white surface below. In making our landing we noticed another strange phenomenon ; our plane seemed to be travelling at a high rate of speed, judgingfrom the way the beach came rushing past us, yet our speedometer indicated that our touchdown speed was a mere sixty miles per hour. After coming to a stop we followed the tire tracks of our landing gear to the point where _— > - -_—______.-. . ._...___________________________________¦ - ___________ we set down. It was two miles away! Even at a velocity of four hundred miles an hour, we would have coasted to a stop long before this. We began to wonder at just how many contradictions of physics we could stand. Clearlyinstrument failure could hardly explain the evidence of having made a nearly MACH-ONE landing. After inspecting the triple furrows in the white sand, Clark and I returned to the Cessna, where we spent the night. I hardly knew what to expect when I heard Evan 's anxious call sometime after dawn had broken. I awakened to see a sight which will be forever seared upon the fabric of my mind's eye. Following Clark's excited instruction, I gazed theough the cabin window at the dawning of a new day in this strange new world. The silver hued morn had banished all but a few furtive shadows of the evening 's cloak of darkness. The sun was rising in the western sky to deliver the final blow of victory to the vanquished night. In short it was the dawning of a new day for some world other than the Earth we knew, for that great ball of pale fire which rose up to smite the darkness was of pallid violet! -to becontinued Off on a tangent JOE SYLVESTER Student activisim? Last Tuesday, BSC and the other State colleges and Universities held "Student Activism Day ", a day which has been set aside to convey a broader image of students, promote better public relations with the community and shake the image of the apathetic student. The general idea was to show the community that college students are really "good eggs" despite what happened in the sixties or whatever else they had heard about 'those crazy college kids '. In other words, students wanted to shake the old taboos. Similar events were to take place across the country . A couple of weeks ago, the people involved with organizing "Student Activism Day" at BSC held a meeting at which they discussed various ideas for the day. Some of the ideas discussed were put into action such as a ping-pong marathon , with proceeds going to the United Fund; a seminar conducted by Political Science instructor Jim Percey, on students rights and responsibilities; a few candidates for office coming to Bloomsburg to discuss and hear feedback on election issues; and informal lunch and "rap session" attended by President McCormick, administrators, deans and faculty ; and instructors who will be teaching in the proposed Human Services Building will hold classes out behind the library, the designated site of the building. But that wasn't all. Members from various organizations put up displays in the Kehr Union in order to show what their different organizations were about and to show what the students have done and what they are doing at the present time that will show the students care. But, as usual, many didn't. For example, there were only displays from the Obiter, the Olympian , (BSC's literary magazine) CARC, foreign languages, The Campus Voice and a few others. A few displays are hardly representative of the entire student body. (continued on page three) |lyiV»V«VtVtV«V»V-V_V«VAV^ •M |:j; ijij $ •§ # ;:•: !;5| ;!;}' I I !•;• •:•! jtt ;J;J J;j; :•:• !;'; •:•; :•:< •;•,' •!•! :•:• THE CAMPUS VOICE ¦ U,,n "* "fT"" Ixacutlva Editor DaW Myors J,rr * "w»n«l P1W Mo ™ "" n "'^ Dl3101, Tha Volca Is govarnad by tha Editorial Board, with tho Una) raipomlblllty lor all material raiting with tha oxacutlva adltor ai itated In tha Joint Statamanf of fVaadomt, Rights and RacponslblllMas of utudanti at Bloomiburg State Collaga, Tho Campus Volca rasarvas tha right to odlt all Utters and copy submitted. A maximum of 400 words will bo placad on all loiters to tha adltor with an allowanca for spaclol axc'aptlons. All (alters to tha adltor must ba slgnad and hava o talaphona numbar and addran ottachad,. Noma* will ba wllhhald upon raquait. NOTEi Tha opinions volcad In tha columns, (aoturw ortlclai and adllarlali of .tha CampusVolca ora not nacaiiarlly tharad by tha antlra naif. *i'i !•!< $• $ !$ $] $ $: n °°J?u N#WI l< •!;! !;!; !$ •£ ;«;< Hollywood squares comes again by VICKIE MEARS Hollywood Squares at BSC will take place Tuesday, October fifth from nine to eleven p.m. in Carver Auditorium. All students with I.D. 's are eligible to become contestants or win door prizes by drawing a free raffle ticket at the door. The BSC Hollywood Squares will be hosted by K.C. Capers with judges coming from last year 's celebrities , Robert Warren , and Jay Rochelle , campus ministers. ,1 Each contestant can only play one game. The winner receives $20 and the loser receives five dollars. Every once in a while a secret square will appear and the contestant who gets it must answer correctly to win the $25. Last year, John Trathen , assistant director of student activities, brought the idea to the Program Board Committee and Sue Ann Sagan , Program Board President, liked the idea so they got the show together. It was such a success that Trathen and Sagan have gotten together once again to organize the show. This duo has made up the questions using the genuine Hollywood squares formula . Does Dr. Himes shave his head? This query as well as others pertaining to BSC history will be answered by the Hollywood square celebrities : First Hour: Jesse Bryan, director of CAD Tony Cusatis, (Tony the Baker) Scranton Commons Baker Tom Muihern, CGA President Peggy Isaacson, Assistant Dean of Schuylkill Hall Maryan McCormick, wife of the president Roderick Boler , coach of baseball and cross country Ronald Puhl, coach of football Louis Mingrone, coach of soccer Mary Gardner , coach of field hockey and swimming Second Hour: James McCormick, President of BSC college and his council : Walker , Executive John Assistant to the President Richard Wolfe, Acting Vice • ¦ , 0 Elton Hunsinger, Administrator for Campus Service President for Academic Affairs Jerrold Griff is, Vice President for Student Life Linda Thomas , Affirmative Action Officer Boyd Buckingham , Vice President for Administration Lee ^ Hopple, Planning Coordinator The door prizes bought by the Program Board are as follows: 2 Magee dinners 6 pizzas 4. Bookstore certificate 5-2 game Bowling coupons by JIM PEFFLEY Have you ever had a professor or a teacher who was so good, you wanted to run up to Wm-her , shake his-her hand and proclaim your praise and gratitude? If so, why not nominate him-her for a Distinguished Faculty Award ! The Distinguished Faculty Awards, founded by the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Association of Pennsylvania State College and University Faculties (APSCUF) , are presented in two categories. Teaching Awards are offered for outstanding instruction , and Academic Service Awards are (pending ) 4 Commons dinners 7 hoagies 4 World Series tickets 4 BNE tickets Movie passes Burger King dinners itWWKWMWKWKWX 'M'K'VM'J'M' £ If you have poetry that you >:would like to have published in £the Campus Voice, bring it to the >Voice Office second floor Kehr 'Union. Awards for faculty ^»ffi? ^^j William Williams , Special Advisor to the President / (f^ ) / K^Ojj^ U--^0 0 0 ; ' - f ^^^^ —^ *^ . . " ft " c?. <% ¦ :¦ ^_V)4^ ¦ j & ^ ^^ ^ T ^-T-T-v^ P Upff i »% lii //^i *P IM ^\ A /MI ^o1 presented for outstanding contributions to the academic discipline, the college, or the community. Any Bloomsburg faculty member who has been teaching for two years or more is eligible. They may fill out an application themselves, or be nominated by other faculty, students , co-workers , supervisors , departments , individuals , alumni , or administrators. They may not be nominated , however, without their consent! After filling out and returning a preliminary application , faculty members will be required to give an oral presentation^ discussing\their abilities , experiences , and attributes. This presentation will be given to a committee. The Committee at BSC consists of : Dr. Richard Wolfe , president's designee, Robert Koslosky, APSCUF designee (and a previous winner) , students Tom Muihern and Pam Bisker, and Dr. James Wheeler and Dr. Howard Hoffman , outside consultants appointed by the state. Awards are announced in September. Prizes are: for teaching excellence, on the local level - $2,500, and on the state level - $3,500 ; for academic service, on the local level - a certificate , and on the state level - $6,000. Applications are available in Mr. William G. Williams' office, in Carver Hall. The deadline for application returns is Friday, October first, by 4:30 in Mr. Williams' ^office , also. pj 'X'W'W'W'Kwwiwww'Www:'^} j ^ -, V CAr &ri^S' x^hn¦ X^*-^$ <^^^^sr^ ¦ \y ^\ \_iiivT ifr vwI c v —-.^^"^ ^r ^ _^**^ t^-cn y ^^i ' ^ ¦ - S^^^S^^^^^^' ' J / ¦ Q/^VT? 17 r-7 /^X^ / f r J f f ' o o o UM ^y A > Q \U1 J \w (ouj iV/g^^ Y \A ^ *Dial-direct calls are those Intra—U.S.—Mainlandcalls completed from a residence or business phone without operator assistance or calls placed with an operator from a residence or . business phone where dial-direct facilities are not available, (H)BellofPennsyJvania I Go to the Blooms- % burg State Fair§ | today—it | closes^ $ I tomorrow. fc.;.:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;. :.;*ra*:W^ ANNOUNCEMENT OF INTERNSHIPS FOR THE SPRING SEMESTER, 1976-77 Applications , forms , are now available for off-campus Internships for the Spring semester of the 1976*77 academic year. Most all undergraduate students except for professional ttudtmt tiudmntt , and last semester seniors In some instances , may apply for an Internship for the Spring semester. Any Interested students should contact Dean Gum In the Office of Extended Programs for further Information. Deadline for submission of an application is October 15, 1976. Support your local yearbook WHAT'S AN OBITER? Seniors are reminded to pay their Community Activities and by ANN MARIE JEFFERS senior dues so they may receive a yearbook and the 1977 Obiter BSC's yearbook, the Obiter, is will be mailed out next October. encouraging all groups to Past editions of the Obiter will participate in the 60th edition in be on sale during homecoming order that it will represent the varied interests and scope of week for about four dollars a book. BSC. Barb Fahey, editor-in-chief , Any questions, comments, or is going so far as to challenge all suggestions may be directed to organizations to enter a contest, whereby the organizations the Obiter Office , second floor submitting the most "unique" of the Union , 389-2902. (possibly outrageous) group portrait will win prizes. Pictures will be taken by the Obiter Photography Staff. A schedule will be posted outside of the Obiter office, second floor of the Kehr Union , during January and February. The picture must be scheduled at least two days in advance. When scheduling for your group, please leave your name, address, and telephone number. If your group plans to have its portrait* taken out of the immediate area , you must provide transportation for the photographer . Groups may consult any source for posing ideas; costumes and props are welcome. The pose must be decided upon before the picture is scheduled. Please supply the Obiter with a list of members at the time the picture, is being taken . Senior and faculty pictures are scheduled to be taken October 18 through October 22 in the Coffeehouse. Sign-up sheets listing times will soon be available at the Information Desk. If you miss your appointm ent and can 't schedule another , there will be one more session for senior and faculty pictures from February seven through eleven. Any Senior unavailable for either session may send the Obiter a wallet-sized black and white or color picture with their name and major. These pictures must be in by March 31. LAST CAf WDOH AN5WER UULIUS (Photo by Troy) JAY JONES sights", students who might otherwise have had "little or no accurate information on the Third World", will gain new understanding of Third World problems. Professor Gunther went on to say that perhaps some of the instructional insight gained here, may provide a better understanding of some life styles, such as "Zorastrianism or life on a banana plantation ." Although there will not be a required text for the course, Professor Gunther said, the instructors may still give "library assignments, handouts, or other forms of student work," as deemed appropriate. Professor Gunther also said that if this up-coming course proves to be successful, more courses of a similar nature may be in the offering. Any student desiring more information on "Introduction to the Peoples of the Third World" can consult Professor Gunther at Room 11 in Old Science Hall, or call Extension 2515. Getting sick or injuring yourself is never any fun no matter when it happens. But if you should have the misfortune to suddenly find yourself ill between the hours of three to 11:30 p.m. you can be sure that Mrs. Marian Koons, RN will do her best to fix you up. Mrs. Koons is the new night nurse at the College Health Center located on the first floor of the Kehr Student Union. It would be tough to beat the credentials and experience that Mrs. Koons has going for her. She graduated from Bloomsburgs' Nurses Training School and has worked as a private nurse as well as in the Geisinger Medical Center in Danville where she had been a psychiatric nurse for the past five years. Most of the injuries that come into her office consist of the usual menagerie of ills, aches and pains, cuts and bruises college students manage to inflict on themselves. Of course if something really serious turns up, it's off to the hospital. According to Mrs. Koons and the other nurses one of the most difficult aspects of her job is keeping track of the inventory in the Health Center. Since Bloom is growing so fast more supplies are needed every year and the state has to know exactly what supplies to send by a certain deadline. Because of this situation accurate ^inventory is essential and that is part of the nurses job. Mrs. Koons has been around in her year as a Registered Nurse and she feels that Blooms' healthservices are better thanthe majority of the other schools. SHARPING SHOES 16 E. Main St. MHHWHMHMMM ||p' '1|I__HH| ________________________________iii_xiiii_________i ______________________________BSP ^ *^ i§_&_____________l ______________________________BH} W ^3*M____________I ^ ______________ ______________________________ RNtl%i < ______________________________ ^*¦! *ii______________l ___________________RK^P^I__HF ____ Florsheim Pl______________________ H__HBiiiii_______P_pi -_____ < "^ ^^^^^^^^^ H__F _k, \^l - aK *3 __6$"^V^_P____K *V^fct '*> " ^^H ^V K *"* ___ <*^_________ H What' s anotherword for foxy? Carver Aud. Routoll Company oPcn- -6, Mon.-s_t -_, Labor of Love r I Box 646, Lenox Hill Station „ ,„„ I Z ~y I | j f I j - All rlohts reserved, Qty- Price Size —: 7~.Z . I _,, , _ N.Y. Res. add Sis, Tax Add *1.00 Po»lBflfl ~ | I| I, : ¦ I »1,00 .. . ¦ Please Print LName | ; '. ¦ Address • ____-__Zlp City —State J •Allow 2-4 weeks delivery • Satisfaction guaranteed^ py 7..5I lag ___ ___ ¦__ Tolal MM- MM- m__ __w ___ ¦__• ___ ___ _w_u MM- M_MV M-M ¦-—_ Pedwin M__ v PIZZA HUT The answer is "stimulating", as you will be in our exclusive New York Times Crossword Puzzle T-Shirt Your friends can fill in the puzzle - while you're wearing It - with our special non-toxic, washable Ellle Pen. White 100% cotton shirt with blue lettering. Order one (or her , one for him, Unisex sizes petite (30-32), small (34-36), medium (38-40), large (42-44), X-large (46-48). Each shirt $6, pen included. ¦NewYork. N.Y. 10021 I Enclosed Is Qcheck Q M.O. for the following Times Crossword Puzzle I T-Shlrt(s) @ $6 each. Pro Keds Life Stride 10% discount with BSC student ID September and October _________ y s 'yI—__T ^v>^.^^ * .* _¦ • " ' '^ Dec. 11 We cater to College Students 10% Discount with your ID. ________________________ WHV WAS JULIUS LA ftDSA FIRED FROM ARTHUR. GODFREY'S PROGRAM? by GENE W. WALTERS Professor Hans Karl Gunther, co-ordinator of interdisciplinary programs at BSC, announced that approval has been granted to offer a new inter-disciplinary course , numbered 09.111, "Introduction to the Peoples of the Third World." Noting that the new course will be a joint effort between six departments in the college, with 12 professors participating, Professor Gunther said that the information presented in a capsule form such as this, might not be offered otherwise. Other topics scheduled to be covered , Professor Gunther said , are assorted regional histories of the Third World, fine arts of the Orient, Middle East and Africa , human geography, religion and philosophy. While Professor Gunther is confident that a course encompassing a "global sweep" such as this will provide the student with many "new in- GJRJE Exams 40 W. Main St. 784-0332 frARTMOGER Course promi ses cultural awareness December , 1976 graduates are included in the 1977 Obiter. THE BOOK SHELF Infi rmary s taff gets new f a ce mt ' Bloomsburg "FAMILY NIGHT PRICES" Tuesday 5-9 p.m. Any Large, Medium & Small Pizza $3.99 , $2.99, $ 1.99 Includes your choice of toppings ' ' ¦ * - - Letters to the editor... Letters Letters to the Editor must be in the Voice Office by 7p.m. on Sunday and Tuesday nights. Letters must be typed on a 60 space, line, double-spaced. There is a 400 word limit on letters with the f i n a l approval by the Executive Editor. What 's happened? Dr. Mc Cormick , Trustees , and Administrators AH Resident Deans -—AH Professional Teaching Staff C.G.A. CAMPUS VOICE Subject: Editorial "Where are the B.S.C. students of today and tomorrow?" Where have we been for these last past few years? Why has it taken so long for CGA candidates for office, to finally take their issues directly to the students? These last two years have been, I feel, the most accomplished and successful in BSC history. But now we are nearing an important phase of college education , one that can help us as students to eliminate much of the student apathy, distrust in professors , administrative fog and help us give stronger supportive backing to CGA. .We now liave the makings and the know how to establish a basis, for us as students, to actively take part in the improvement of the quality of education here at BSC. Are you tired of the political "hocus-pocus ", professor favoritism, grading disputes, administrative blackening out of student favored programs? Have you ; felt .helpless and crushed by overbearing professors who dictate rather than teach, and who come off as being exalted rulers believing that we are just there to insure their salaries? , Aren 't you beginning to wonder about our quoted "Beautification Campus Program "? Why isn't quality education and other very important student activities first in the eyes of our trustees? Don't they realize that its the students that make the college function? Can't they understand that its the quality of the education offered , and not the spending of "funds" on items to be placed in administrative offices throughout the campus, that makes the. enrollment of future students increase? Why are we turning our backs on the problems that face us', like ostriches sticking our heads in the sand, while the stature of ¦HBiro our education declines? Why haven't we taken a firm stand for our educational and social well being? Are we going to let the politically h ypocricised governing board distort the facts and deter good education or are we going to band together an effective force to root out and bring to light those issues and people, who aren't working in our best interest? Are we, as students, here for the benefit of the town and trustees, or are we here for improvement of our educational , emotional , and social well being so vital to our successful and productive growth in our complex society of today? Will we find the needed answers to these and many other pertinent questions? I believe that we've been apathetic long enough, and that the time and need for affirmative action is long over due. Now is the time to place college life into the hands of those who will best benefit or suffer from the actions of our reputabl e collegiate administrators and teaching personnel , it's up to us, the student body. I would like to summon all students of this campus to help CGA appoint and initiate an investigative committee , comprised of students only, to seek out and make public those people, actions or barriers not working in our behalf. A committee designed to help us clear up the blemishing hearsay and bring forth the facts about just how economically and efficiently our college is really being managed. It's our ball now and it's up to us as students to realize and be made aware of what's really going on with all of our college affairs. Remember, I'm not out to stir up a n t i - e s t a b l i s h m e n t movements, however what you should recognize is that we must not be overruled nor should we be overrun by those factors, people, and situations not functioning to help us. Anyone who doesn't take an active interest in that which really affects his or her college life here , need not use apathy or :'':'' :^;::'^^"''¦'¦:^ '^'•''•'•' ^:¦'^M M ' „ll- „_liii' uVi :'' i 'i : ' i 'i L 1111ill if 11rir i "i : ir- i u i111 ' ","v VY ""--- "' [¦i&^rfS'Vi ^f ^' ^ ^ ^ ;^'^^* " :.... »¦¦¦»-¦¦¦»*h ——¦¦_.--_ i ¦¦, ¦ complain about lacking quality in his or her educational , emotional, and social existance here at BSC, because the fault will lie on his or her conscience alone. One of a group of interested students Arthur F. Chambers, Jr. On South Africa Dear Editor: The U.S. has recently become actively involved in "seeking" a solution to the problems engulfing Southern Africa . This involvement is supposed to be aimed at seeking a means of establishing majority rule in Southern Africa, but one can question the genuineness of this involvement; is it in the interest of the majority or is it in the interest of the minority? Looking at some of the facts the answer is not difficult to arrive at. The U.S. supposedly in conjunction with G. Britain, has among other things, in the hope of establishing majority rule, guaranteed compensation for lost property on the part of the white colonists. What does this mean? To further prop up an already wealthy minority, a wealth which is due to the sweat and blood of bla£k Africans, a wealth" which already places them in an extremely advantageous positidn vis-a-vis The Black Africans; with a guaranteed compensation, is hardly an effort to ensure stable majority rule. This provision to guarantee continued economic dominance of the one by the other, is an insult to the Black Africans in Southern Africa . The Secretary of State of the U.S.A. has talked about compensation for the whites-, but nowhere has he or anyone else spoken about compensation for the millions of Black South Africans who for decades have been systematically exploited and murdered. Mr. Kissinger has been contented to negotiate with the white minority representatives in Southern Africa , but he has yet to sit down with Black South African Nationalists representatives who have fought, are fighting, for the mlm -, 1 1 i i'¦i¦ ¦ J : ' j i L j ^a^ ^ l ^^ tjuimi^^m^ ^ ^ ^m^l ^m^^ ^m^m^ ^ ^ ^l ^ liberation of their country. If one is supposed to be negotiating for majority rule, negotiating in the interest of a particular group, one fails to see how such a process can be fruitful without that group having a voice in such negotiation. Mr. Kissinger has yet to come forth and condemn the policies of apartheid and racial separation practiced in Southern Africa. Mr. Kissinger has yet to issue an ultimatum to the racist in Southern Africa ; Mr. Kissinger and his government has yet to respect the decisions of the United Nations regarding economic transactions with Rhodesia (at this very moment such transactions continue in defiance of world opinion) , has yet to respect and understand the Black South African. The Secretary of State has been outlining positions for the white minority (after closed door sessions with this minority ) but has yet to outline any concrete - positions which the U .S. government will take in relation to the majority. This one-sided affair is hardly the manner in which one negotiates in the interest of another group. The absence of such positions as well as the aforementioned facts only serve to point out the real intentions of the U.S. government in Southern Africa , the safeguarding of America's interest through the present regime. One should not fool himselfherself , the U.S. is not concernedjvith the morality of the Southern African situation, how can a government lacking a moral base itself be expected to address the issue of morality in another situation; how can the U.S. government act but not to safeguard its interest in Southern Africa through the present regime, when it has close to three hundred companies operating there ; when it knows the resources exploited there are essential for its own economic well being ; when it knows that majority rule would mean a new order not necessarily favorable to the U.S. government. It must be understood that for there to be a solution to the problems in Southern Africa, the solutions cannot be foreign as represented in the person of a Kissinger - it has to be African. T. L. J. Off on a tangent Activism ( continued from page two) Just by reading the daily paper one can see that students are no longer like they were in the sixties, inciting riots and holding demonstrations or whatever else they felt was needed to be heard. But just the lack of interest showedTuesday by a number of organizations makes it hard to shake the image of apathetic students. When this day of special events was being arranged, something was tentatively planned for the fair, but it fell through. If the idea of student activism could have been brought closer to the towns people via the fair, Activism D_jy might have been more meaningful. There were some really good ideas contributed by the people involved. One was the ping-pong marathon, another was the rap session, but an excellent-idea was having Jim Percy speak. To say he told it like it is, is an understatement. However, I don't know if "Student Activism Day" in general was effective asj t could have been at Bloomsburg State College. SNEIDMAN'S Jewelry Store 130 Eost Main St. 784-2747 Watches, trophies, and greek items a specialty mt i« M wWi in ^ m i '>ittm tu mMmmfi ;' . ri mt w "mu ntim *mmmw *~*m *M»mMmmMmmmm»tl Rights and responsibilities Student rights prominent on Activist Day by DIANE ABRUZZESE Mr. James Percey, chairman of the political science department , at BSC, spoke of student rights under the Pennsylvania and United States Constitutions and what he considers BSC's violations of those rights. Mr. Percey's speech was just one part of Student Activism Day activities held in Kehr Union on Tuesday, September 28, at 11 a.m. Percey cited these violations of student rights made by the college : students are unable to enforce the Rights, Freedoms and Responsibilities doctrine (Student Pilot, Appendix A) against the college, but this doctrine is easily enforced against the students; freedoms of speech and press are restricted ; violations of a student's privacy exist in setting up organizations and some students claim , in * dormitory situations. BSC's Pilot contains a jo int statement which declares that students shall have the freedoms of inquiry , expression , learning, freedom from racial discrimination and freedom of association; it also provides students with protection against improper academic evaluations and disclosures. "In 1970," Mr. Percey stated , "15 violations of this document were found , such as unfair grading, racial discrimination , etc., but at that time no means Senator Frank Kury toured the BSC campus during Student Activist Day activities. Cathy Lucroxl conduct* Representative Assembly election Caution: Student Activist at work I existed to do anything about them and today, still none exist." Percey recommended that CGA provide revisions to this docoment dealing with enforcement. Legally, under the "due process" • clause of the U.S. constitution you can sue anyone (whether it be the college or faculty ) for saying or printing material about you which damages your reputation , your opportunity for future education , or opportunity for future employment. Actions were taken against the college in the past when, for example , professors were dismissed illegally, or students were to be denied diplomas because of their participation m printing an underground newspaper ; the courts ruled against the college. In 12 such suits brought against the college, eight rulings opposed the actions of the college, three are still pending court action , and only one ruling favored the college's decision. Mr. Percey pointed out that violations of freedoms of speech and press occur here at BSC. Students may not put up a sign unless it is initialed by the Information Desk receptionist. Dr. Jack Mulks, Director of Student Activies, claimed that this rule was established to keep the merchants downtown from using Kehr Union 's bulletin boards for advertising. The campus newspaper cannot pick it own advisor, but is subject to approval by members of the college administration. Percey viewed this practice as a violation of freedom of the press. Esta blishing a new student organization means submitting a list of prospective members. Percey claimed this practice unconstitutional , while . Dr. Mulka maintained that ruling was by a subcommittee of CGA to be certain that these people are in fact students' of the college and not outsiders. In another instance, students were denied the right to distribute materials in the ~ ' ¦¦w J u> ^M-S-Waare^ireK-ittffa^ :¦:¦: :>¦; ¦:WXf SK-.W&SSWWIKIIum U1I -P1 "*"¦—» Two BSC co-eds examine a reference to past student activits: the Obiter , at the Obiter display table in the Multipurpose room on Student Activist Day. dorms for voter registration by mail, on the basis that it was a form of soliciting. According to Percey , distribution of religious or pollitical (provided no donation is asked) literature is legal. Dean » Robert Norton , Dean of Student Life, admitted that he was wrong, and instead allowed this distribution to take place during certain hours. Percey stated that faculty evaluations mean nothing ; because of tenure, nothing can be done with these evaluations to fire a professor who is not fulfilling his obligations to his position , unless he can be "" ' .W1W».WW-W..:i-v. . immentally declared competent. Percey said that since 1973, the political department has not conducted such evaluations for this reason. "Students don't seem to want to control their destiny to have control over things they should," Percey declared. He expressed a belief that the constitution of the United States is superior to any rules made here on this campus, and that students should demand their constitutional rights and freedoms. ¦[ ,: v^^ W^S^]) ^^ Greasors "slide by" during the 12-hour ping pong ~7™"J!*' tournament monT thov stamui staged ™«V as their contribution to Student Activist Day. Scuttlebutt... Scuttlebutt. ^^ BUY A PLANT! The Horticultural Club is having a plant sale on Monday and Wednesday, October 4 and 6 in the student union. Come and buy a plant. Tuesdays from 3:00 until 5:00 , LEARN TO DEAL WITH PERSONNEL Attention All Students : There will be an A.S.P.A. (American Society of Personnel Administration) organizational meeting on Tuesday, October 5 at 9:30 pm in the Green Room WRITERS NEEDED Anyone interested in writing for the Feminine Media should contact Laurie Pollock, Box 3139, or phone 784-0403. on the top floor of the Kehr Union. A.S.P.A. membership is DEFEND YOURSELF The BSC Karate Club invites you to attend instructed classes in Centennial Gym. Classes are held Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from 6 until 7:30, and from 7:30 until 9. You can learn Self-Defense Techniques on open to all students regardless of your major. All that is necessary to join this ; K • - _P" JC' ^ IH xl^sI X/ -T™ LiXVI _L_ I ^l^sll V L_a i ../ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ %, I/' , £ ! v;, '^ %" ' ¦' - % ?,:: : •>';}, £*"%; f> I -f^ I f^l l I r"4 l_ rll I ^S__ I MX 1 J I I _ «ta«r« ¦ ^p_ -_ i_H ¦ H 1 I- - ____ — - _-_ . A ^^1 | LA n ¦ ™ _£___ wr " " | i i 1 ^L-j - " l__«B_f^YI • ¦ • " fe "ft« '**¦*£$ . ,.. \,h?i $g£*\ $^ Nfe _ .. _ ... _ | ^ % ^} \ i/ &i\ f^; j f^ s^? .- * IMPROVE OFF CAMPUS HOUSING SITUATION The college Housing Office is sponsoring a program entitled "Substandard Off Campus Housing : What Can You Do L DISCOUNT TICKETS TO THE GRAND PRIX OF THE U. S. AT WATKINS GLEN. ONLY AT TOYOTA DEALERS . f- \\ ' - . ¦ > . -• d 10thv. \& I j F?Q^°" ' t d L ^^ old lady (or vice versa) and So surprise.your - ^li_^^^i* .' ^, -! "^ 'nurr y orrdowri'to any participating Toyota **T»IWU y ¦. dealer in the Northeast now. I j And while you're there, check out the car you'll see pacing the race. THE CELICA GT LIFTBACK-OFFICIAL PACE CAR OF.THE GRAND _ V„ PRIX OF THE UNITED STATES. Not only was the Celica GT Liftback selected Official Pace Car,but all three Celicas—ST, GT and GT Liftback were named Motor • Trend Magazine 's 1976 Import Car of the Year. See it before the Race at your y ^^^ ^ ^ ^r^^-.. Toyota dealer. It 's one of the sportiest, i^m^MSt^wLmm^^^^k. '^^S_____P^ ^ .,________. TinMTYFZi About It?" to be held in the multi-purpose room "A" of the Kehr College Union from noon until l o'clock pm on Wednesday, October 13. Featured speakers will be Mr. Gerald Depo, Town Secretary and Zoning Officer, and Mr. H. Bud Albertson, the Building Code Inspector for the town of Bloomsburg. This program will familiarize students with the Bloomsburg zoning ordinance and housing code and how they can be applied to some of the more common off-campus housing problems. BOWL 3 GAMES FOR $1.20 Bowl three games for $1.20 all semester ! Monday through Friday until 6 pm. See the greatest Hea theracing drivers in the world. thundering roar of Formula l's sprinting r 200 miles at speeds up to 200 MPH. _^^-^s«^_ Feel. Smell. Touch. Taste. Whatever you j ^ ^J T^ S^ s: X _ / t ' want.Thrills. Thrills. Thrills.The kind only /^^^JT - ^ ']\ a lot of money can buy. But for you, x | /' j C# * &} r _ tJ_r \ cheap, cheap, cheap at a Toyota dealer. /_ff^T' <_«*_a(^^ ' ^ ^ While they last,you can buy half-price Jim ^ jJR V J% discount tickets on reserve grand* \__ VJP**"- ' "** ^S' H^ , ^k ^~ ? " "^ _w stand y* generalseats. Savings on advance &S™^ admission. Plus a free /^%H^|ft^^ garage tour pass. $13 lk ^^J^s^r^^ '-" *tl fantastic savings head A of up to a """"^ "' ^^^^£ j^ 1& for the entire weekend—Octooer-9th *%* . O^ ^S^CA // .' :- ' organization is a desire to learn about personnel administration. Many activities are planned for this semester including a trip to the Shaeffer Brewery in Allentown and the A.S.P.A. Region III conference to be held here at BSC. New members are especially encouraged to attend this meeting. If you are interested in A.S.P.A. but are unable to attend, or if you want more information, please call Rick Mayer at 784-7222. 1977-78 STUDENT TEACHERS MEET Student teachers for the 19771978 academic year who are Elementary or Early Childhood Education majors will meet in Kuster Auditorium of Hartline Science Center at 3 pm., Thursday, October 7. ORDER A CLASS RING Josten 's factory representative will be on campus to take ring orders on October 5 and 6, from 10 am until 4 pm at the College Store. A $10 deposit is required. MEET THE REPUBLICANS BSC young Republicans meet every Wednesday night at 7:30 pm in Bakeless room 103. New members are welcome. This Weekend: Dances and Movies entertain I Movies in the Union, Friday night and Sunday night at 9 pm "Parallex View" and "The Lost Honor of Katherine Blum". Dance to the music of "Nickel Rag'' Saturday night at 10 pm in the Union. SPECIAL AT KEHR UNION At the end of the month (September and October 1) there will be a hot dog, French fries, and a 15 cent drink special at the cafeteria, main floor,. Kehr Union. This is being offered on a five day basis to give you more of an opportunity to take advantage of the special. Use the enclosed coupon and enjoy a hot lunch or in-betweenclass snack on ONE of these three days. This is opened for FULL-time commuters. HOMECOMING SWEETHEART CONTEST If you are an Upperclassman and would like to represent the Commuters in the Homecoming Sweetheart Contest, leave your name at the Information Desk, Kehr Union. SECONDARY AND BUSINESS EDUCATION MAJORS Secondary and Business Education majors scheduling 65-396 , Curriculum and Instruction in the Secondary School, should be aware that 65396 is now a four-credit course and, contrary to the spring schedule, does not include Educational Media. Educational Media, 60-301-01, must now be scheduled concurrently as a separate twocredit course which is offered from 8:00 am to 12:00 noon on Tuesdays and Thursdays. All students who register for 65-396 must register for 60-301. Secondary Education majors must also register for the appropriate methods course, 65351 to 65-360, which is a separate three-credit course which also should be scheduled concurrently with 65-396and 60-301. WRESTLING PHYSICALS Wrestling physicals will be given to any Bloomsburg State ¦ " . :' ' ¦ *v r' »- ", ^V' > * >>'i •< ¦¦¦¦'¦"¦ \s > '/;*: '' ;\ *, J v '&k'V-' ' '**¦*.°.. ft .^ , ¦'' >\ "V f r "" '*\ "¦¦" '¦'"¦ ^ • •'¦¦• inr i " ' / ..> '/ . * >.. AixA,. >. t?¦¦¦ .' ' H 'I 1 II f , ' < ' "' ' - \ ' . ' ' K ' " ' ' > ' . ' " L| *¦¦'" ^ '"• College student (male or female ) on Thursday. October 7, at 8:15 p.m. in the Physical therapy room of Nelson Ficldhouse, Huskies read y for Wilkes by ED HAUCK Corriing off their first victory over Mansfield by a score of 287, Coach Puhl's gridders have instilled faith in his team and he stated that he is fully confident of this Husky football club to perform in various situations. "I was very pleased to see that the offensive squad was able to explode for a couple of quick touchdowns because if we are capable of that , then I know we'll have to make it work against other teams," Coach Puh i continued , "I am also proud of our JV team that beat Lock Haven on Monday. Other coaches and myself feel there is some talent to build with from there. WILKES Tomorrow , the Huskies face Wilkes College up in WilkesBarre and this opponent will be searching for their first victory. Wilkes is currently 0-2 with losses to IUP and Lycoming. Offensively they have strong Wrestling physicals Wrestling physicals will be given to any Bloomsburg State College student (male or female) on Thursday, October 7. 1976 at 8:15 p.m. in the PHYSICAL THERAPY ROOM of the Nelson Field House. If you want to be a member of this years Varsity Wrestling Team,get your physical at this time. linemen and capable runnin g backs, and generally a young team . "Wilkes will be throwing a multiple defense at us which , we will have to compensate for with a change in the blocking assignments for the linemen. They have a good defensive tackle and a quick linebacker that ,have tremendous ability , " pointed out Coach Puhl. The gridders will be looking for win number two on Saturday and many, of the players are sure that both the offensive and defensive teams are beginning to gel as a unit so that maneuvering the ball will be more effective in terms of winning the ball game. Men's intramural deadlines October 12, 1976 — Deadline for Volleyball, Badminton , Straight Pool, and Weight Lifting entries. December 9, 1976 — Deadline for Basketball entries. February 3, 1977 — Deadline for team entries in Foul Shooting, Werestling, Water Polo , Racketbal l and One on One. February 24, 1977 — Deadline for team entries in Soccer, Horseshoes , Coed Softball , Tennis Singles, and Golf . April 28, 1977 — Spring Meeting Freshman goalie, Beverly Crawford, lets one of many shots-on-goal slip by her in a match against Kutzt own. (photo by Shields) Eachus excells START A TEAM OR JOIN ONE. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT MR. WILLIAM SPROULE (389-3225) OR STUDENT COORDINATORS BILL SEXTON , JOE POZDA OR DOUG CAUTI. Harrie rs split meets by ED HAUCK The cross country team has been hampered with injuries and illnesses during the past two meets but also has had a few bright spots in these dismal times. In the meet against West Chester State College , the Husky Harriers lost in the overall scoring, 20-41. Steve Eachus won the meet but then WCSC placed in the next six places. Mark Bond scored in the eighth position with freshman John McKeever in ninth spot. During this race, Dave Howells incurred an injury and was unable to finish the race. Captain Garry Lausch finished the race but was ill throughout his running. Against Mansfield , Steve Eachus set a new Bloomsburg State College course time of 26:10. Steve won the race with Mark Bond placing third , John McKeever fifth , Chuck Man nix sixth and Jeff Brandt seventh . The score of the meet was 22-39, in BSC's favor. Harrier Stove Eachus trots along the Bloomsburg crosscountry course In tho victory against Mansfield. Stovo set a new course record In the meet , (photo by Shields) Coach Clark Boler is extremely pleased with the results of the Mansfield meet and Eachus' accomplishment. Tony Moore (4) scrambles the last few yards for the final touchdown against Mansfield last weekend. BSC won 28-7. (photo by Pallialunga) 11 ___^¦ ¦-11 ¦_-__-_-----________ ^_-___________t________ ^H--__-----_-_--_---___----_---_------ ______ Home Sporting Events Sat., Oct. 2 Soccer vs. York 1:00 pm Cross Country vs. Kutztown 1:00 pm Golf team fifth at ESSC Invit. The Husky golf team finished 5th in the East Stroud sburg Invitational golf tournament held last Friday at the Glen Brook Coun try Club. Fifteen teams were entered in the tournament which was won by Bucknell University. EESC finished second while defending champion, University of Pennsylvan ia, placed third and West Chester fourth , with the Huskies in fifth place. Rampo , Montclair, Lehigh , LaSalle and Trenton State roun ded out the top ten. Tournament medalist honors went to John Bruno of Trenton State with a one-over-par 73. Dave Suitch, a senior, paced the Huskies with an 80 followed by freshman David Cichan scoring an 81. Jun ior Mark Pringle shot an 82, sophomore Allen Ruffn er an 83 and another freshman Stan Kozuch , 85. Next action for the linksmen will be in the Eastern College Athletic Conference regional qualifying tournament which will be held at Bucknell Un iversity Golf Club on October?. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ VI H IJosten's factory representative will bo in The ¦ College Storo on Tuesday ft Wednesday, October ¦ 5th ft 6th from 10 A.M. until 4 PM. to assist you ¦ in the selection of your Official BSC class ring. ¦ A $10.00 deposit is required and delivery requires ¦ about six weeks. A Special Feature will be offer¦ ed on those dates III H I I I I I I I .wKKKKK ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ *