NO.4 JULY 1919 B.S.K.S. QUARTERLY CATALOG NUMBER, VOL.XX1V. BLGCMSBU ORMA CHGOL SIXTH DISTRICT BLOOMS BURG, PA. 9 19 2 1 1 -* THE B. S. N. S. QUARTERLY CATALOG NUMBER Entered as second-class matter July 1, 1909, at the post Bloomsburg, Pa.j under the Act of July 16, 1894 Sixth District DloomsDurg, Columbia County Pennsylvania 1919=1920 PRESS OF SUN PRINTING & BINDING CO. W1LLIAMSPORT PA. office at STATE NORMAL SCHOOL The calendar from that for the coming year of previous years. will differ Owing somewhat to the establishment Summer School it is desirable that the school year begin as early as possible and close in time to allow the following session of the Summer School to expire before of a August. CALENDAR 1919 1920 1919 FALL TERM 13 The Weeks open September September 2, 1919. Fall term will Work will begin Philologian Anniversary, Saturday, The Fall term will close, Saturday, 1, 1919. November November 29, 1919. 29, 1919. WINTER TERM 13 Weeks The Winter term will open Tuesday, December 2, 1919. Beginning of Christmas vacation December 19, 1919. Work resumed December 30, 1919. 1920. Magee Contest February 7, 1920. Calliepian Anniversary, Saturday, February 21, 1920. Term closes Saturday, March 6, 1920. SPRING TERM 14 Weeks Spring term begins Tuesday, March 9, 1920. Spring vacation begins Friday, April 2, 1920. Work resumed Tuesday, April 6, 1920. Second Year Contest Friday, May 8, 1920. Recital in Music June 5, 1920. Baccalaureate Sermon, Sunday, June 6, 1920. Junior Drama Monday, June 7, 8:15 p. m., 1920. Class Reunions Tuesday, June Class Day 8, 2 :00 to 5 :00, Tuesday, June 8, 8:15 Commencement, Wednesday, June 9, 10 :00 Summer School opens June 21, 1920. exercises, 1920. p. m., 1920. a. m., 1920. VIEWS OP NORMAL STATE NORMAL SCHOOL STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION THOMAS E. FINEGAN, WILLIAM LAUDER, President and Member ex-Officio. Vice President Riddlesburg, Pa. TEMPLETON MARCUS AARON JOHN P. GARBER ROBERT SHAW Greenville, Pa. E. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Greensburg, Pa. McGINNES L. E. J. Steelton, Pa. GEORGE BECHT, Executive Secretary BOARD OF TRUSTEES SCHOCH JAMES C. BROWN Vice President and DAVID L. GLOVER, 1919 CHARLES W. MILLER, Esq., 1920 A. Z. President, 1919 Secretary, 1919 PAUL E. WIRT, Esq., 1921 HON. VORIS AUTEN, 1920 M. G. YOUNGMAN, 1921 DOWNES, 1921 BENJAMIN APPLE, 1920 D. J. WALLER, Jr., (Ex-Officio). WM. H. HIDLAY, Treasurer. F. E. STANDING COMMITTEES The President of the Board is a member of all committees Instruction and Discipline PAUL E. WIRT F. E. C. J. DOWNES BROWN Grounds and Buildings J. C. BROWN M. G. YOUNGMAN BENJAMIN APPLE Household HON. VORIS AUTEN D. L. PAUL GLOVER Finance C. W. MILLER M. G. BENJAMIN APPLE E. WIRT YOUNGMAN Credit and Collection M. G. YOUNGMAN F. E. all DOWNES PAUL Under the By-laws the President of the Board committees, and by resolution of the Trustees Household Committee. is is a E. WIRT member chairman of of STATE NORMAL SCHOOL THE FACULTY AND OTHER OFFICERS Arranged in Groups According to the Seniority Heads of Departments D. WALLER, J. of Appointment Jr., Principal Preceptress WILBUR, G. E. A.M., Higher Mathematics WM. SUTLIFF, B. A.M., Mathematics CHARLES L. WERNTZ, A.B., Arithmetic and Algebra JENKINS, F. H. A.M., Registrar J. G. COPE, M.E., Physics and Chemistry MARY A. GOOD, Chemistry C. H. ALBERT, M.E., A.M., Geography BAKELESS, 0. H. Theory and Practice HELEN Critic Method, Critic Method, Critic A.M., Teaching CARPENTER, F. Method, of M.E., and Model School Teacher MABEL MOVER and Model School Teacher SADIE D. S. E. KINTNER, and Model School Teacher HARTLINE, A.M., Biological Sciences of BLOOMSBURG BESS HINCKLEY, Assistant in Biology STEWART WIANT, Assistant in Biology JAMES T. GOODWIN, Stenography, Typewriting and Commercial Branches A. BRUCE BLACK, Penmanship J. FOOTE, C. Litt.B, English KATHARINE KNEDLER, English CHARLOTTE BUTLER, Reading and Public Speaking MRS. K. J. MILLER, Violin, Pianoforte, Ensemble MABEL H. RICH, Voice and Public School Music HELEN Pianoforte, STACKHOUSE, M. Harmony and Theory and ADELE E. History of Music McQUISTON, Librarian and Instructor in Library Economy Assistant Librarian WILLIAM BRILL, A.B., History and Civics ESTHER M. MEITZLER, Drawing, Painting, and History of Art JOHN W. WEIMER, Director of Physical Culture BERTHA SCHOOLS, Associate Director of Physical Culture STATE NORMAL SCHOOL FANNY M. MITCHELL, Household Arts H. G. TEEL, A.M., Latin and Greek VIRGINIA DICKERSON, M.E., Latin G. EDWARD ELWELL, Jr., A.B., French CLEMENTINE GREGORY HERMAN, Spanish Manual Training MRS. THERESA HEHL HOLMES, Nurse NEVIN T. ENGLEHART, Steward, and Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds STANDING COMMITTEES OF FACULTY Advisory Board J. G. WM. COPE B. SUTLIFF in Athletics J. J. C. W. FOOTE WEIMER Public Entertainments THE PRINCIPAL C. H. ALBERT STATE NORMAL SCHOOL COURSE OF STUDY This course is based on the "unit" plan as proposed by The Carnegie Foundation. "A unit" represents a year's study in any subject in a secondary school, constituting approximately a quarter of a full year's work. (This statement designed to afford a standard of measurement for the work done in a secondary school. It is takes the four-year high school course as a basis and assumes that the length of the school year is from thirty-six to forty weeks that a period is from forty to sixty minutes in iength, and that the study is pursued for four or live periods a week; but, under ordinary circumstances, a satisfactory year's work in any subject can not be accomplished in less than one hundred and twenty sixty-minute hours or ; Schools organized on a different basis can nevertheless estimate their work in terms of this unit). their equivalent. Students admitted to the First Year shall have a fair knowledge of Arithmetic, Reading, Orthography, Penmanship, United States History, Geography, Grammar, Physiology, Civics, and the elements of Algebra to Quadratics. Test by Faculty. FIRST YEAR No. of 60 min. periods or Algebra Latin, French or Spanish Management and School Law Orthography Reading and Public Speaking Ancient and Medieval History Physical Geography School Arithmetic Grammar Vocal Music Physical Training Manual Training or Household Arts 120 120 120 30 40 80 40 80 120 40 60 40 No. of 45 min. periods 160 160 160 40 50 100 50 100 160 50 80 50 11G0 BLOOMSBURG 12 SECOND YEAR No. of 60 min. periods or No. of 45 min. periods. Plane Geometry 120 160 Rhetoric, Composition, Classics 120 160 Botany Zoology Civics Modern History and English History Caesar, French or Spanish General Methods Drawing Physical Training 80 40 40 80 120 120 80 60 100 50 50 100 160 160 100 80 1120 THIRD YEAR No. of 60 min. periods or No. Psychology and Observation 120 Literature, English and American 80 History, U. S. Geography Physiology and School Sanitation in History and Geography Methods Chemistry of 45 min. perr 60 60 60 80 80 80 80 100 160 120 Physical Training 160 100 60 (Required Elective) 80 160 1000 In addition to the above subjects, there shall be included one of the following: Cicero, Spanish, French, Solid Geometry and Trigonometry, Geology and Astronomy, Economics, or any two half units of Rural School Management, Methods of Teaching Special Subjects, Hand and Basketry Work. FOURTH YEAR No. of 60 min. periods or Practice Teaching 120 History of Education 80 80 40 40 80 120 40 120 40 40 60 Agriculture and Nature Study Arithmetic Grammar Methods Arithmetic and English Virgil, French or Spanish Public Speaking Physics in Drawing Manual Training or Household Arts Physical Training No. of 45 min. periods. 160 100 100 50 50 100 160 50 160 50 50 80 1110 In the fourth year Ethics, Rural School Problems and Sociology be substituted for Virgil, French or Spanish. Philosophy of Education, or Surveying may be substituted for Ethics, Rural School may Problems or Sociology. BLOOMSBURG CONDITIONS OF ADMISSION TO THE FOUR YEARS' COURSE 1. Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsylvania high schools of the first grade and city high schools as listed by the Department of Public Instruction, shall be admitted to the third year of the Four Years' Course of the State Xormal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in the branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by such students. 2. Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsylvania high schools of the second grade shall be admitted to the second year of the Four Years' Course of the Xormal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in the branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by such students. Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsyl3. vania high schools of the third grade shall be admitted to the first year of the Four Years' Course of the State Xormal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in the branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by such students. A person who desires to be admitted to the second 4. or the third year without having previously attended an accredited high school, must have a certificate of a commissioned Superintendent of Schools, showing that he has pursued the branches of the first year or the first and second years, with his standing in those branches, or must pass a satisfactory examination by the Faculty in said branches, or be conditioned in them. But the studies in which any one is conditioned under this rule or any one of the rules above, shall not foot up more than 320 weeks. If the Faculty of any State Xormal School or the 5. State Board of Examiners decide that a person is not prepared to pass an examination by the State Board, he shall not be admitted to the same examination at any other State Xormal School during the same school year. If a person who has completed the State Board ex6. aminations required for admission to the classes of any year at any State Normal School desires to enter another Normal STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 15 School, the Principal of the school at which the examination was held shall send the proper certificate to the Principal of the school which the person desires to attend. Candidates for graduation shall have the opportuexamined in any higher branches, including vocal and instrumental music and double entry book-keeping; and all studies completed by them shall be named in their certificate. Persons who have been graduated may be examined at any State examination in any higher branches, and the Secretary of the Board of Examiners shall certify on the back of their diplomas as to the passing of the branches completed at said examination. No certificate or diploma valid for teaching, except the one regularly issued by the State Board of Examiners to regular graduates, shall be issued by any State Normal School, or any person connected with any such school. 7. nity of being A certificate setting forth the proficiency of all ap8. plicants in all the studies in which they desire to be examined by the State Board of Examiners shall be prepared and signed by the Eaculty and presented to the Board. Studies that have been completed at a high school shall be distinguished by the name of the high school from which credits were accepted. separate list of each class shall be prepared for the use of each examiner, together with a separate list of students conditioned in any branch, with the branches A in which they were conditioned, and the grades shall be indicated in every list where substitution is made or extra branches are taken. These lists shall be ready for the State Board before the examination begins. No State examination shall be given to any student 9. on part of a year's work unless the study is completed, but (except in the last year's examination) a student may be conditioned by the State Board of Examiners in not more than two subjects, covering not more than one period of work for a year. Accurate records of these conditions shall be promptlv sent to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the fact that the students thus conditioned have taken up such subjects and passed them by the Faculty shall be certified to in writing to the State Board of Examiners before such students are admitted to another State Examination. 10. Within fifteen days after the examination by the State Board at any Normal School, the Principal of the school shall send to the Department of Public Instruction a BLOOMSBURG complete list of all who have taken advanced branches, together with a list of these branches, also a list of those to whom displomas and certificates were granted, and a list of those who passed the State examination in any year, naming the year. 11. Residence for the last two years shall be required of all students, except in the case of graduates of Four Years' Courses in colleges Council, who may approved by the College and University be graduated after one year's residence; but 12. Persons who have completed, without conditions, not less than one year's work in a college approved by the College and University Council of Pennsylvania, or by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, under its authority, may, with the consent of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, be admitted to the Senior Class of a State Normal School, conditioned in any subjects in which they are not satisfactorily certificated by their college or high schools. Certificates and Diplomas To each student on graduation is issued a Normal Teacher's Certificate entitling the holder to teach any two subsequent years in the public schools of the state. After teaching for two full annual terms in the common schools of the state he may receive the second or permanent State Normal School Diploma. To good moral character and by the board of directors by whom he was employed, and countersigned by the county superintendent of the county in which he taught, must be presented to the Faculty and State Board of Fxaminers by skill in secure this, a certificate of the art of teaching, signed Blanks for this certificate will be furnished the applicant. on application. They must be executed and returned to the school before the time of the State Examinations. A charge of diploma. fifty cents is made to cover cost of issuing BLOOMSRURG DEPARTMENTS AND DESCRIPTION OF COURSES PEDAGOGICAL The aim department is to make such as are needed to guide the development of children. All the departments of the school co-operate to this end by insisting on thoro scholarship. Thruout, emphasis is placed on the development of power to do, and on ideals to be followed. well-rounded of the school in this men and women, PROFESSIONAL SUBJECTS School Management. The First Year Class makes a careful study of school sanitation, including plans of buildings, grounds, etc., and the general conditions for the successful organization and management of a school. General and Special Methods. The Second Year Class takes an elementary survey of the principles of General Method, considering the aims of Education, the problems of Interest, Apperception, Correlation, etc., with special method work in Phonics, Reading, Penmanship and other elementary subjects not otherwise provided for in the regular schedule. Psychology and Observation. The professional sub- The laws of mind, ject for the Junior Class is Psychology. in their application to daily life and the problems of the school-room, are here carefully and practically considered. A brief course in genetic and educational psychology, acquaints the student with the more fundamental results of modern child study. These courses lead directly into and supplement the special method work, which, with observation in the school, prepares for the practical work of the Fourth Year. History of Education and Practice Teaching. During Year the work of previous years is supplemented, broadened and applied in daily teaching under criticism. Reviews are given in different branches for deeper insight, and to furnish a better basis for method. The study of the History of Education also during this year broadens the the Senior STATE NORMAL SCHOOL horizon and enlarges the experience 19 of the prospective teacher. PSYCHOLOGY, CHILD STUDY AND METHOD All of these are connected as closely as possible with In psychology, emphasis is laid on its apactual work. plications to questions of discipline and method. In addition to a general knowledge of the child study movement, and of the essential facts of physical and mental growth, the Seniors are taught to test children for defects of sight and hearing, and to make such observation as will enable them to come into more helpful relations with their pupils. The general methods are shown to follow from the psychology and child-study. Sufficient emphasis is placed upon special devices to enable the teacher to be at home in her own school. Thruout, the students are led to see the principles on which the methods are based, that they may become more independent and self reliant, and hence more ready to adapt their work in an intelligent manner to the conditions they will meet. PREPARATION FOR WORK IN UNGRADED SCHOOLS many work in country given to their needs. The arranging of programs and adapting of methods are considered, as also the making of simple but helpful pieces of apparatus, the making and care of aquaria, the study of nature, and in general the use of all the natural supplies for decoration and school work which location offers to the country school, but which the teacher usually overlooks. Inasmuch as teachers begin their districts, especial attention is TRAINING SCHOOL Organization. The Training School, like the graded Four experienced public schools, consists of nine grades. critic teachers in separate rooms have charge of the work. Thus the children receive the close attention of skilled specialists, and the teaching by the Seniors is under constant and competent inspection. The children are also under the instruction of the regular teachers in Physical Training in the gymnasium. Several periods each day for the entire year are given of the Senior class to teaching and observation. entire year of actual teaching is required under careful by members An BLOOMSBURG 20 supervision. and carry out The aim is to develop teachers who can plan their own work. Every teacher is led to think over his work both before and after the practice teaching, He is given a class for a definite number of weeks, and prepares in advance a written plan of work for the entire This is examined and criticised, as are also the period. weekly and daily plans. At the close of the teaching period he makes a summary of the work, and indicates where it might have been improved. Each student has practice work in at least four different grades, in from first to ninth, and often high school work. The opportunity afforded for students to receive manual training, physical education, and playground supervision, under the guidance of the heads of these departments. Students showing unusual ability in any particular branches are given opportunity to specialize to an extent sufficient to enable is special training in music, drawing, them to conduct departmental work. BLOOMSBURG 22 LANGUAGES ENGLISH The study of the English branches extends thruout the four years of the course, and the work required is designed to meet fully the suggestions embodied in the outline given by the State Board of Education. In addition to the training received thru meeting the requirements of the various courses, the two literary societies afford opportunity for valuable benefits in their weekly meetings. A brief description of the courses will indicate the nature and the scope of the work required. FIRST YEAR Grammar and Composition. (40 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per week) I. The aim of this course is to make the student familiar with the essential grammatical facts and to provide such practical training as will enable, him to use the language correctly. Much time is given to The course includes: drill work. 1. A 2. A study of the sentence, employing both the oral and dia- gram methods 3. 4. of analysis. study of the parts of speech. Exercises to correct common grammatical mistakes. Practical composition work, including some drill in letter writing. Orthography. II. (13 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per week) All words in common use and special terms found in the subjects of study are spelled and defined. The course also includes a study of the etymology of words, phonics, and the rules of spelling. III. Reading and Public Speaking. (13 weeks, 4 periods per week) to so train the pupil that he may interpret in the truest and highest sense his own thoughts and those of the masters of literature. In the work of the first year, the aim is to interest the student in the study of the various forms of literature, making him This will create in realize the value of the thoughts he is receiving. him a desire to express these thoughts to others. The purpose is SECOND YEAR I. Rhetoric and Composition. (40 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per week). This course aims to give the student ease, force, and the use of language. It includes the study of: 1. 2. Words. Sentences. skill in STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 3. 4. 5. 23 Paragraphs. The Composition as a whole. The four forms of discourse, narration, description, exposition, and argumentation; and 6. Letter writing. Classics. II. The classics which are read during this year of the course are for the most part selected from the College Entrance Requirements, and are correlated with the composition requirements, especially as illustrations of the forms of discourse. THIRD YEAR Literature, English I. and American. (27 weeks, 5 periods per week) History. 1. A text is used for the purpose of outlining the great literary of each period. movements, the great periods, and the eminent writers Mere biographical facts are not unduly emphasized. Classics. 2. A large proportion of the members of the Junior class are graduates of high schools that partially or fully cover the College Entrance Requirements in their courses. The classics selected by us for study and reading are usually from the College Entrance lists, though others are chosen whenever they seem to meet the special needs of our classes. are able to say that many of our graduates have more We the College Entrance Requirements. Occasional compositions are required in co nnection with this course. Emphasis is placed upon practical and pedagogical facts, as well as upon the literary facts and ideals usually considered. One period per week is usually given over to required reading in the school library. than fulfilled FOURTH YEAR I. Grammar, Review. (13 weeks, 4 periods per week) In this course emphasis is placed upon the sentence as the unit of grammatical study. Groups of selected sentences are studied analytically, tho the value of constructive work is not minimized. In connection with this term's review, frequent opportunities are afforded for the consideration of methods. Attention is also given to the historical phases of English Grammar. II. Methods in English. (13 weeks, 4 periods per Methods Grammar week) most effectively considered in conThis term's work, however, includes the study of methods from the broader standpoint of the English are nection with the review course. subjects, III. in and the aim is to give practical help to Public Speaking. (40 weeks, 1 period per week) young teachers. BLOOM SBURG Emphasis is placed upon the rules of That the course may be of especial value effective public speaking. to teachers, the various forms of public speaking are taken into consideration, such as recitals, debates, and extemporaneous speaking. As often as possible, opportunities are given for appearance before an audience. FRENCH FIRST YEAR 1. 2. Pronunciation. Elements Grammar. of Translation of English into idiomatic French. Particular attention paid to the irregular verb. 3. Reading Fraser about 200 pages of & of simple French. Squair's Shorter Course; La Belle France, A. de Mouvert. SECOND YEAR pronunciation and grammar. 1. Review 2. Translation of — selected. THIRD YEAR 1. Reading, selected. 2. Advanced grammar. 3. Conversation. SPANISH FIRST YEAR 1. Pronunciation. 2. Easy Translation. 3. Conversation. 4. Elements of The work Grammar. based on Spanish Grammar. is Fuentes and Francois' Practical SECOND YEAR 1. Conversation, leading to practical use of the language. 2. Grammar. 3. Selected Readings. 1. Training in Spanish Correspondence. 2. Advanced Grammar. THIRD YEAR 3. 4. Reading, selected to meet the needs of the Practical Conversation. class. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL LATIN FIRST YEAR Elementary Latin. grammar. 1. Elements 2. Prose composition. 3. 4. of A basic vocabulary. Short selections from Caesar and other writers. SECOND YEAR Caesar. 1. Thorough review of declensions and conjugations leading a more intensive study of grammatical forms. 2. Drill in construction work. 3. Translation — three books of Caesar and an equivalent Special emphasis fourth. is to of the placed upon the clarity of thought produced in the student's mind when translating — attention • to historical details — sight translation. THIRD YEAR Cicero. 1. Translation lian (b) 2. 3. — (a) Prescribed — six orations, including the Mani- Law. Sight translation — selected. Prose composition. Emphasis on Syntax. FOURTH YEAR Virgil. 1. Translation — (a) — six — selected. Prescribed (b) Sight translation 2. Mythology, history and forms 3. Poetical construction. 4. Scansion. books of the Aeneid. of ancient philosophy. FIFTH YEAR 1. Translation — selected from Livy, Horace, Tacitus, etc. relation of translation with existent historical, social economic 2. Cor- and factors. Advanced prose composition and grammar. Thruout the entire course emphasis is placed upon English In the Senior year one hour per week is devoted to advanced prose composition. This is required of college preparatory students studying Latin, but optional for other students. derivatives. BLOOM SBURG GREEK FIRST YEAR Elementary Greek. 1. Acquisition of vocabulary. 2. Translation — easier portions of the Anabasis are included in the selections. Prose composition and grammar. 3. SECOND YEAR Anabasis. 1. — four books from the other books. Translation of the Anabasis, sight translation 2. Prose composition and grammar. 3. Correlation of historical and mythological studies with translation. THIRD YEAR — Iliad— selected 1. Translation 2. A 3. Translation of narrative prose into Greek. parts. further study of mythological and historical data, including social and political conditions. HISTORY AND CIVICS In order to enter upon and successfully complete the work in the department of History and Civics, the student must have done preliminary work in United States History, including the geography of the countries studied. First Year. The course in "General History" during of the First Year comprises the study of the Eastern Nations, Greece, Rome, and medieval history until the discovery of America. two terms it Second Year. During two terms of the Second Year comprises the study of Modern History and English History. Third Year. During half of the Third Year the course United States History comprises a thoro study of the aboriginal period, the period of discovery and exploration, the colonial period, and the national period, together with the course in Civil Government which comprises the in STATE NORMAL SCHOOL study of a text book by a recognized authority, embracing The a treatment of local, state, and national government. origin, development, and practical application of the constitution of the United States receive emphasis thruout the course. College Preparatory. In the College Preparatory Course, the courses in Medieval and Modern English, Grecian and Roman histories comprise a more thorough and extensive study of these people. Note The students have access to a well selected where they may do their research work. : library Numerous maps and illustrations have been collected with care. The maps are in colors and are closely correThese are intended to show actual lated with the texts. conditions and to make the text clearer and more easily understood. Thruout these courses, reviews are given at regular intervals. MATHEMATICS If there is one subject rather than another in the curriculum which should be characterized by a high degree of accuracy, that subject is mathematics. Inaccuracy in elementary mathematics, easily detected by any employer, at once stamps the boy or girl as a poorly trained, undesirable employee. The average pupil engrossed with the study of many things can write essays upon a great variety of topics, expressing vague ideas in any designated field, yet fails when clear cut notions of definite things are required. The aim of this department is to shoulder cheerfully share of the burden and impress the embryo teacher with the necessity for logical thinking and accurate statement of thought. its ALGEBRA Algebra is taught in the first year of the course. The work, as planned, presupposes a year of elementary preparation. Algebra is eminently suited to provide training in clear thinking by the practice it affords in arrangement of ideas, especially in connection with the solution of problems by equations. The aim is to make Algebra an effective instru- BLOOMSBURG ment in the investigation well as to possess that demanded of every pupil. and interpretation skill of of realities as manipulation which is The usual field of elementary work is covered, including a study of graphs, with application, radicals, quadratics, proportion, series, and the binomial theorems. Two terms of Advanced Algebra are provided for those preparing to enter college. ARITHMETIC Arithmetic is taught in both the first and fourth years of the Teachers' Course. First Year. Drill in the fundamentals, and their application to the usual topics of a complete course in Arithmetic marks the effort of the first year's course. Practical measurements, with drawing, business application of percentage, the metric system and practical problems of all kinds suitable to modern life, are treated in a way to make as real as possible the pupil's knowledge of numbers and its connection with the world about him. Fourth Year. In the senior year a general review of the subject of Arithmetic is given, with especial emphasis upon methods of presentation in various grades. The view point of the mechanic, the tradesman, the banker or the stock broker, is sought as the subject is applied to the various phases of business life. Each student is required to keep a note book in which recorded the summary of class discussions, with especial reference to methods and devices used in the lower grades. A series of problems compiled with especial reference to correlating Arithmetic with the work of other departments is is included. The study of such great topics as the Panama Canal, Irrigation, Railroads, War Activities, etc., to show the interpretative value of Arithmetic, forms an interesting part of the work. Methods of Teaching Arithmetic are taught and applied thruout the course. While a text book is used and carefully studied, each lesson in Arithmetic is made to carry with it the methods of presentation. The he is student's mind is constantly held to the fact that preparing to present these same topics to his own classes in the immediate future. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 29 GEOMETRY Plane Geometry is taken up in the second year, and continues thruout the year the study of the five books with many practical problems. The Fall Term of the Junior year is devoted to Solid Geometry. TRIGONOMETRY The Winter and Spring Terms Trigonometry, in are devoted to Plane which are treated Trigonometric func- tions, the right triangle, goniometry, logarithms, the oblique and practical problems with field work. Those who so elect, take Surveying in the Senior year, devoting one term to the subject, study instruments for office and field work, land surveying, triangulation, leveling, railroad work, and plotting. triangle, SCIENCES The growth of the school and the increased demand for instruction in science which came with the adoption of the advanced courses of study, made it necessary to provide larger laboratories, and to furnish them with the best apThis finally culminated in the erection of Science paratus. Hall, described elsewhere, in which excellent chemical, physical and biological laboratories have been fitted up. They are presided over by able scientists, who are also skilled teachers of these subjects. The courses conducted by providing laboratory supplemented by consultation of up-todate reference books, and illustrated, amplified, and enforced by Lecture, Quiz, and Text. and field are studies, PHYSICS This course covers the subject as treated in the ordinary college preparatory text books, and is fully illustrated and supplemented by experimental and explanatory work by the teacher in charge. The laboratory is equipped with a full line of apparatus both for lecture table instruction and individual work, affording exceptional advantages for preparation for college as well as meeting the requirements of the Normal School course. BLOOMS BURG The present program 1. Fall and Winter One is as follows : Normal School Course. Terms: 45 minute period daily for text work. Spring Term: Two 90 minute periods per and general review. One to laboratory work College Preparatory Course. 2. Fall and Winter week devoted Terms: 90 minute period daily. Spring Term: One 90 minute period four days per week, laboratory work ternating with text work thruout the entire course. al- CHEMISTRY 1. Normal School Course. In the Normal School course the aim of the department to give the student a general knowledge of elementary chemistry and to train him in scientific thinking. due share of time is given to actual laboratory work and a constant effort is made to dovetail the facts of the science with the facts of every-day life and industries. is A Time devoted to this course, 80 periods, 90 minutes each, with about one-fourth of this time given to laboratory work. 2. College Preparatory Course. In the College Preparatory course a special effort is to emphasize the laws, theories, and mathematics of the science together with the applications, thus covering the requirements and syllabi which students preparing for colTime devoted to this course, 160 lege have to consider. periods, 90 minutes each, about one-fourth of which is laboratory work. made BLOOMSBURG 32 GEOGRAPHY The work in Geography presupposes that the students have had considerable training. When such is not the case the preliminary The work work must be done. as outlined covers at least 2\ terms. The Work Includes: 1. A careful study of the Primary Axis of each Continent, or, as some term it "The World Ridge". Following this is a detailed study of the physiography of each continent. This includes primary and secondary mountain ranges and peaks, river systems, and lakes. 2. A detailed study of "geographic forces" including their effect on surface and climate, and their action rendering the 3. The introduction and — earth habitable for man. application of elementary Biology and History, in their relation to Geography, and from this, and the relation of the mineral, vegetable, and animal worlds to the economic life of man. of the foregoing, careful outline and relief maps of the sections studied. It is expected that students will thus come to have in their minds a "living picture" or map of any portion of the world of which Note: In are they 4. A all drawn may subsequently read or hear. study of the commercial relations of the world, interchange of commodities, divisions of labor, money standards, purpose and duties of consuls, great highways, etc. careful With the aid of photographs and cabinet specimens, a study of raw products, exports and imports, manufactured articles, world centers of manufacture, historic outline of the growth of commerce and the like, are carefully introduced. Note. A carefully selected cabinet forms a prominent It includes part of the apparatus in all the foregoing work. samples of leading exports, and also those of hundreds of imports from nearly every foreign country of the world. Constant use is also made of geographic pictures, maps, globes, and other teaching aids. ASTRONOMY AND GEOLOGY For some time these have been taught in the Biological Department. The Biological aspects have therefore been The great conceptions of Evolutionary clearly set forth. processes have been carefully developed. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL We 33 study: 1. 2. Ideas of Space, Matter, Motion, Time. Ideas of the Heavens, Sky, The Universe. 3. Nebulae 4. The — Histories of their origin, development, and fate. Stars, Constellations. Heavenly Bodies. 5. Systems 6. Birth of Planets and Satellites. of 7. Earth Development. 8. Life Conditions, Origin, 9. Local Geological Structures, Force, History. 1. Sky Studies Development. By: — Naked — Eye, Telescopic. 4. Three out-door meetings. Many individual studies. Field Studies At least three trips Stream and Ravine, Quarry and Mine, Mountain. Collections of Minerals, type rock specimens, Fossils of (1) Life forms and of (2) Results of actions of forces. Laboratory Studies. 5. Lectures, 6. Text and Reference Studies. 2. 3. — illustrated. The courses occupy 26 weeks of 5 meetings each, 45 minute periods. In Geology a 90 minute period once a week. Lectures and text studies are given three-fifths of the time. Texts that have been used are McKready's Beginner's Star Book, Todd's New Astronomy, Blackwelder and Barrow's Elements of Geology. These are changed yearly. Notebooks, are made by (1) Field and (2) Laboratory and Lecture, the student. BIOLOGY Inasmuch as most of the schools from which our stucome give courses in Nature Study and General Science, we assume that they are ready for induction into the more formal Scientific Study of the various bodies of knowledge comprised under this heading. And this is done by the severer, more carefully systematized methods pursued in dents Laboratory Study. It is at once made plain to the student must study not the matter only, but get his knowledge by a method new to him. He must learn a truth out of a body, a structure, an act, a movement, or a process, a behavior, a condition, a relation a fact out of an act a that he ; ; truth out of a structure a story out of a body a history out of a movement, a process, a behavior, an attitude, a con; dition, a relation. ; BLOOMSBURG 34 This is different from reading words designed to give the student the same knowledge second hand, thru some author's telling of his own learning, his own reading. Of course, the loose, hodge-podge method suited to the child's needs, and followed in Nature Study and General Science, must still guide so that the transition to the severer, more exact method of Science will be made by as easy gradation as possible and without the loss of the attractiveness, the interest in the rather more pyrotechnical aspect of the matter as presented in Nature Study and General Nor must the value of the matter as Nature Study Science. material be lost sight of thruout, inasmuch as we are preparing teachers. 1. — Botany. The study of plants— not books about plants lends itself very nicely to this transitional period in the student's onward march. Plants, with their infinite variety of body-form, their wonderful adaptations, their exquisite shapes, their gorgeous colors, make their own and very direct and very strong appeal, that finds a ready response in the student's developing mind. And they are alive, but not so alive, that like the animals, they invite and develop in the student's mind, prejudices, fears, disThey do not bite, nor pinch, nor sting; they do not gusts. crawl, hop, walk, run, jump, fly, swim away and they are so much more easily handled and so much less complex in structure. Altogether they furnish ideal conditions and material for the transition period. So it is our beginning And we like to begin its study in the spring of subject. the year and lay heavy stress on Field Studies of the living plant in life, at home, and at work from this we go to the plant growing for use in the laboratory its body and activities are more minutely studied here; thence to the plant's body prepared so that the plan of structure can be clearly observed passing from gross, naked-eye features to the features that can be seen only by use of microscope on body parts properly prepared by the student now learning to do so, and with the eye now properly trained for such seeing. ; ; ; In laboratory talks, explanations, demonstrations, as the students come upon the great truths, and in specially directed lectures illustrated by projecting lantern, the bearings of these ideas upon what he shall see in higher forms in the animal world, and finally in his own body structure, functions, relations, are presented so as to bring him face to face with the idea that the laws of life are the same as The corthere, only seen working in greater simplicity. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL relation of this with is clear enough. Zoology and Human 35 Physiology, then, But the plant's use of the soil, the present plant's ancestry, the plant's distribution over the earth, makes the student take many a longing look towards physical geography and geology. And as he lingers over it he wants to know how conditions came to be so that these of Earth's children could so live and he will want to know the story i. e. of the stars and the evolution of this particular one ; — he wants to study Astronomy. And the look forward into School Agriculture is taken many times when the promise of inviting activities must be passed by so that the general outlook over the plant world, that this course aims to give, shall not be obscured by such special studies. work by the student in a form (b) Laboratory and Lecture collection of Specimens variously preNote Book; (c) pared according to the nature of the plant and the pur(The usual Herbarium rarely pose of its preservation. Records of his Field Note of (a) are kept A Book; A hardly worth-while Botany, often no usually wholly inartistic and unattractive, therefore not good Manual Training, and it rarely serves the purpose of good Nature Study). meets the need. Botany at all With ; It is it is these aims and guided by these principles, ap- plied in these methods, We study: 1. Habitat. 2. Body 3. Activities, Relations, Adaptations, 4. Life History 5. Race History 6. Classification 7. Agricultural Possibilities. Of types Parts. Economic Aspects. — Ontogeny. — Phylogeny. — Taxonomy. of: 1. Algae. 2. Molds, Mushrooms, Toad Stools, Yeasts Lichens. 3. Moss-Plants. 4. Fern-Plants. Seed-Plants including grains, nuts, 5. By: 1. Field Studies. 2. Laboratory Studies. 1 fruits. and Bacteria, BLOOMSBURG 36 3. Text and Library References. 4. Illustrated Lectures. 5. Collections for Nature Study. 6. Collections of weeds for Agriculture Study. 7. Collections of Stages, illustrating Metamorphosis in Life History Series. We minutes meet five in length, times a week and one ; four of the meetings are 90 is 45. Illustrated lectures are one hour in length and use up about half the time. The other half is devoted to Laboratory Study, and the single period to discussions or quizzes. Field trips are taken in extra time, after school, and on except Campus trips for study of trees, bushes, and ferns. Our provisions for study on Campus are steadily being improved. The time for these varies from -J-hour to About 6 trips are made. It is fair to count 20 5 hours. Mondays ; hours for this work. The students are asked to get a text book for this course which they are directed to deal with as an assistantstudent, as an assistant-teacher to us. The texts are changed each year. Books recently used have been Coulter's Plants, Sargent's Plants and Their Uses, Gager's Fundamentals of Botany. These are mentioned to indicate the scope of this course as far as a text book can do so. Zoology. We cannot study Plants in this way 2. without running across Animals that arrest attention and demand study. The bird sings the insect has eaten part the worm is at its roots the snake glides of the plant rapidly, gracefully away, defiantly darting its tongue at us. This is the normal psychologic moment for the study of So our Plant Study Botany has much these animals. Animal Study Zoology mixed with it, and vice-versa. ; ; ; — — — But the formal study of — Zoology begins with the of — — riculum, Physiology, Hygiene and Sanitation. We fall The procedure is similar to that in Botany. The course is planned to come to a climax in the study the Human Body the next course called in the cur- term. study (selected according to time and opportunity): 1. Habitat. 2. Body 3. Activities, Relations, Adaptations, Parts. Economic Aspects. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL (a.) (b.) 6. — Ontogeny. — Phylogeny. Classification — Taxonomy. 7. Agricultural Possibilities. 4. Life History 5. Race History Of types 37 of: 1. Protozoa. 7. Molluscoidea. 2. Porifera, 8. Echinoderma. 9. 3. Coelentera, 4. Platyhelminthes. 10. 5. Nemathelminthes. 11. Annulata. Arthropoda. Mollusca. 6. Trochelminthes. 12. Vertebrata. B y: 1. Field Study. 2. 3. Laboratory Studies. Text and Library References. 4. Illustrated Lectures. 5. Collections for Nature Study. 6. 7. Collections of Insects for Agr cult ure and Nature Study. Collection of Animals illustrating stages of Metamorphosis in Life History Series. 3. Physiology. A state law requires the study of "physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants and narcotics on the human system" in all schools supported by state appropriation of money. We therefore assume that the more elementary phases of the work have been sufficiently well learned in the public schools to warrant our going on with the work adapted to Juniors in a State Normal School, and as the time allotted to the subject is only twelve weeks, no effort is made to cover the subject as ordinarily provided in the textbooks of this grade. Instead, such subjects (1) as cannot well be handled in the public schools of lower grade, (both for lack of facilities and time and because of the immaturity of the pupils) and (2) as have also an important bearing on the subjects that lie ahead of our student-teachers in the Regular Normal Course, are more thoroly studied. The ; objects especially held in view are: (1) the knowledge of the matter, (2) training in laboratory, lecture, and textbook methods of getting the matter. On this basis the material selected for work in our Junior course consists of the following A. (1) The plan of the Vertebrate body; (2) and development; (3^ Its specialization in the four great groups; and (4) the development of the characteristics of the Mammalian Body. Preliminary Survey of Its origin BLOOM SB URG B. The Body of the Course, consisting of the study of: The cell and the development of the many-celled body from 1. the cell, explaining the organization of the tissues, organs, 3. and systems, and their relations. Study of microscopic mounts, and lectures illustrated by lantern slides. Study of gross structure of Central Nervous System by dissection of calf's brain, cat's brain and spinal cord, and comparison of both with models of human. Cranial and Spinal Nerves. 4. Ganglia. 5. End organs 6. The Lymphatic system. 2. of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Dissections by students; demonstrations from dissections by instructors, and from models; study and drawings of microscopic slides and lectures illustrated by lantern slides; study of text-books; quizzes; examinations. 7. Excretory system. 8. The Reproductive Apparatus and Reproduction. 9. 10. Foods, stimulants, narcotics. Emergencies. Illustrated lectures; experiments; text-book; quizzes and examinations. All the Biological teaching thruout this sub-division into separate courses, aims to develop right notions of, and reverent regard for, the glory of the human body. All It is these courses come to their climax in this course. planned as one course to culminate in noble conceptions of the human body and its right use and proper care. The meaning of sex, the history of its development in plant and animal forms, the philosophy of conduct springing from it, are taught thruout the courses. The sexes are taught together thruout, except for three special lectures on sex hygiene given to the girls by Miss Hinckley, and three to the boys by Mr. Hartline. The students are given to understand that each sex group taught precisely the same matter; that separation is made only because there is thinking that they ought not to be obliged to go thru when together in the same class. is This has been the mode of treatment of this matter since the organization of the department in 1897. The course occupies 80 forty-five minute periods, but double periods are provided for Laboratory work. About one-half the time is given to laboratory studies and the other half is given to illustrated lectures, supplemented by text and reference study. Text used wick's for past several years The Human Mechanism. is Hough and Sedg- STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 39 SCHOOL AGRICULTURE AND NATURE STUDY All the Biological courses contribute material for these The students are therefore well equipped with courses. Nature Study materials. This Farm Study Course is unfolded from the point view that the subject matter consists of the study of: 1. Applied Geology, showing 2. itself and management, origin food. its of in the study of soil, to serve as available plant mainly Applied Botany. The body and its organs and physiological processes making living matter out of non-living matter, and plant's for so serving as food material for the animal world. 3. Applied Zoology. (a) Man's selection and management of animals to help him in his work of winning a happy life from his environment; (b) the animals that combat his efforts insects and other pests. — 4. Community Relations. Ultimately grouping the subjects under these heads, without losing sight of the unity of it all, We study: 1. Origin of 2. 3. Soil. Contact-points betwen Soil and Plant. Contact-points between Plants and Animals. 9. Man's Supervision and Modification of these and the fects upon them and him. Crops and Crop-production. Animal stock and its products. Plant and Animal Pests. Farm Management and Farm Economics. Rural Life and Uplift Movements. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ef- 1 By: 1. Fairs. 2. Field Studies— Rock Masses, Cinder Tip, 3. Farm 4. Lectures, The Bog. Visits. Experiments — Studies and Reports, Demonstra- tions. 6. Weed Collection. Good Roads Movement. 7. Movements 5. Girls, Y. — to foster Outdoor Life Boy Scout, W. C. A. Eight Weeks' Clubs. — Bird 8. Social Service 9. Government Publications Camp Fire Studies in Field. Individual and Public. for Promotion of Sanitary Living BLOOMS BURG The course occupies 100 forty-five minute periods, but is so managed that when Laboratory work is done there arc double periods. The field work is done in the program There are never extra time. less than three trips and the twelve hours. The time is managed so that the work extends thru the year. Plantings, Cultivations, Reapings, Studies of Animal Stocks are managed by individual work for which time provision is made. minimum time is Texts that have been used are Halligan's FundamentWater's Essentials, and Cromwell's Agriculture and : als, Life. ARTS MUSIC To those seeking a general education in Music and to those preparing to teach, this school offers superior advanInstruction is given by capable teachers of broad tages. and successful experience. Special attention is given to beginners and those not far advanced, as much depends upon the early training. The result of the establishing of correct fundamental principles is a steady, satisfactory growth and development, there is a tendency on the part of many students of music to neglect the essential elements of a general education. This school furnishes ample opportunity to music students to pursue literary and pedagogical studies in connection with their regular work. Practice rooms are well ventilated, lighted and heated. school endeavors to keep the pianos in as good condition as possible by frequent tuning. The I. Courses for Special Students. 1. Piano, Voice, Violin. The Course Study in Piano, Voice, Violin, is divided into Preparatory, Intermediate and Advanced. No definite period is stated for the completion of a grade; this depends upon the individual ability Those desiring certificates for the compleof the pupil. tion of any one of these courses must have a thoro and comprehensive knowledge of Harmony, History of Music, Solfeggio, and Harmonic Analysis. A study of these subjects is recommended to all students of music for general musical development. of four grades — Elementary, lectures in History of Music are made helpful teresting by judicious use of the Victrola. The and in- STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 2. Musical Appreciation. A 3. course in Musical Appreciation is offered to students of all departments, free of charge. This course extends throughout the year and is planned to give the untutored in music a general knowledge of the art, to teach them what constitutes good music and how to appreciate, understand and enjoy it. Ensemble and Sight-Reading. Courses in Ensemble and Sight-reading are offered during the year, free of cost, to those prepared for the work. Note: Certificates granted only to students who evince All pupils are entitled to certificates upon of the Four Years' Course. are natural musical ability. satisfactory completion Graduates in any of the courses in music are required to have a good education in English branches. Proficiency in all the subjects mentioned in the English branches of the College Preparatory Course will II. be the minimum requirement. Courses for Normal School Students. 1. First Year. Theory and practice work in pitch, rhythm, scales, ear training, transposition, notation, original melody writing, and sight singing. The material is presented to the students in such a way as them in teaching music in the public to be helpful to schools. 2. Course for Supervisor of Music in Public Schools. This course has been carefully planned to meet the growing demand for trained supervisors. Every phase of school music work, from the Primary Grades thru the High School, is treated in detail. This course requires two years for completion. A detailed course of study will be sent upon application to the Supervisor of the Department of Music. Candidates earnestly pursuing this course are entitled to State aid. III. Music in the Training School. Realizing the growing interest in the subject of music, the Normal School is laying special stress upon the training of the children of the Training School in vocal music. The children are taught the fundamental principles of rhythm, pitch, sight-singing, ear training, original melody writing. One lesson a week is devoted to teaching the pupils how to listen to music by means of illustrations on the Victrola. The various stages of mental development are considered and the work is presented in accordance with the conclusion of the leading authorities on "Child Study". — s u cS i' --- i> in 1 'II 'fl] ^ESSnl •• — HW BLOOMSBURG 50 complete in its equipment, well lighted, and from the first took its place as a standard gymnasium. It has a running track, baths, lockers in the basement for boys and for girls, and a parcel checkroom. Control of Athletics. An Advisory Board, appoint3. ed by the Principal, consisting of four members of the Faculty, for a general supervision of school athletics for each of the three ball seasons, constitutes a committee to legislate all matters concerning inter-school contests. THE COLLEGE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT The College Preparatory Department of the Bloomsburg State Normal School is by no means a new departure. It dates from the original establishment of the school in 1866. has always been the policy of this school to urge upstudents and graduates the importance and advantage of a higher education than a Normal School is fitted to provide, and it is a source of pride and gratification to those in charge of the various departments that the school is constantly represented among the students of the colleges and universities of the country by large numbers of its former students and graduates. It on its The preparatory work done at Bloomsburg differs materially from that of the majority of preparatory schools. All the strictly College Preparatory branches, as well as those of the teachers' courses, are presented with reference This necesto their pedagogic as well as academic value. sarily results in giving students a broader conception of these subjects than is otherwise possible, and renders graduThat these ates better able to think for themselves. methods are practical is shown by the work done in college by those who have made their preparation here. A number of Pennsylvania colleges offer scholarships to graduates of this department, thereby testifying to the quality of its work. Diplomas are granted to all those who complete the courses satisfactorily, and are accepted in lieu of entrance examinations at many colleges. The growth of this department has encouraged the management to make important changes in the courses and STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 51 in the manner of conducting the work, and the department now does more effective work than ever before. It is well equipped with pictures, casts, maps, etc., to assist its work. An electric lantern with a good supply of lantern slides also belong to this department. COURSES The courses may be changed to suit individual needs in preparation for special work. Diplomas are granted for such special courses, provided sufficient points are covered to equal those of the specified courses. A full term's work in a subject with daily recitations is counted one point. For graduation in any College Preparatory Course forty-eight points are required, in addition to the work of the Preparatory Year. According to this system the preceding courses may be thus specified: Classical Course English History 9 Points 10 Points 6 Points Language 20 Points Mathematics Science 3 Points Total 48 Points Scientific Course English Mathematics History Language Science Total 9 Points Points Points 12 Points 8 Points 13 6 48 Points Note: The following is a list of some of the colleges and universities which have accepted the entrance credits offered by graduates of this school who have taken either the College Preparatory Course or the Normal School Course: Bucknell University, Carnegie Technical School, Colgate, Colorado University, Cornell, Columbia University, Dickinson, Elmira, Goucher, Grove City, Haverford, Lafayette, Michigan University, Mt. Holyoke, Oberlin, Oklahoma University, Penn State, Pittsburgh University, Princeton, Renessalaer, Smith, Syracuse University, Toronto University, Trinity, Ursinus, University of Pennsylvania, Wellesly, Wesleyan, Williams, Wilson. BLOOMSBURG COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT The Purpose of the Department. preparing for business a stenographers, bookkeepers give teachers and students an opportunity to specialize thoro and (1) training To give pupils for office assistants. work as (2) To Normal Course commercial branches. of the regular in the The course for pupils preparing for business positions arranged to give a thoro training in bookkeeping, office methods, arithmetic, commercial law, penmanship, stenography, typewriting and English. Pupils are given credit for subjects as they are satis factorily completed, irrespective of the time taken. They are graduated with the class of the year in which they complete all required work. The average pupil completes the course in about two years. There is a constant and increasing need of teachers of commercial branches for public school work. It is a field that offers exceptional opportunities to Normal School graduates who have specialized in stenography and typewriting or in bookkeeping, commercial l^vv and penmanship. Strong students of the Normal Course may arrange to carry one or two of the commercial branches in connection with their other studies. Teachers engaged in school work may very profitably pursue some of these studies during their school year. The department will aid such persons in planning their work, and they may have the opportunity of doing some work here during the last weeks of the is spring term. Subjects Required. 1. Stenography. Graham-Pitman. writers, writers. many (This system is very largely used by the rapid the best court reporters being "Graham" of The "Graham" and "Pitman" systems are very similar, and persons who have studied "Pitman" theory will experience no difficulty in continuing their studies here.) A thoro study of the theory is followed by study of word signs, phrasing, well graded work written in shorthand, graded dictation work to develop skill and speed, new matter to be transcribed, and final tests for speed and accuracy. Requirements in Stenography A for Graduation. series of practical tests, dictated at different rates of speed, from 80 to 140 words a minute, from which typewritten transscripts are made, will determine the final rating in stenography. Speed in taking dictation and accuracy in transcribing are given equal weights in the rating, the rating for speed being BLOOMSBURG 54 as follows: 80 words a minute, 70%; 100 words a minute, 80%; 120 words a minute, 90%; 140 words a minute, 1007c The rating for accuracy is determined by the transcripts. (Pupils are informed of the method of marking errors, and of the penalties imposed for the various classes of errors.) 2. Typewriting. The "Touch Method" is used. Careful instruction in the method of fingering is given. A series of well graded exercises is followed by letter work, business and legal forms, etc. As soon as pupils have sufficient skill in stenography to take dictation they begin to make transcripts of their notes, the quantity of work being gradually Requirements A in increased. Typewriting for Graduation. from copy is given to determine speed and accuracy. A rating of 70% is given for absolute accuracy in copying plain matter for ten minutes at the rate of fifteen words a minute. This rating is increased 1% for every additional word a minute. Deductions are made for errors. (Pupils are informed of the method of marking errors, and of the penalties imposed). Tests in writing from rough draft, in tabulating, and in writing from dictation, will be given a separate rating. 3. series of practical tests in writing Bookkeeping. In the bookkeeping work pupils must prepare all outgoing papers involved in the various transactions and properly file and index all incoming papers. Neatness of work and good penmanship are essentials and are factors in determining grades. Elementary Set. Theory of double-entry bookkeeping and prac- Books of original entry used: Journal, Cash Book, Sales Book, Purchase Book. Accounting: Trial Balance, Balance Sheet, Trading and Profit and Loss Statement. tice of business forms. * * * Column in Cash Book, Wholesale Set. Introducing Notes Receivable Book, Notes Payable Book, Sales Ledger. Accounting: Trading and Profit and Loss Statements, Statement of Resources and Liabilities, Percentage Analysis of Trading and Profit and Loss Statements. use of Special Manufacturing Set, Cost Accountancy, Voucher Register, Re- quisition Journal, Finished Goods Journal. Accounting: Manufacturing Statement showing Prime Cost and Production Cost monthly, Trading and Profit and Loss Statements, Distribution of Profits, Statement of Assets and Liabilities. , Corporation Set. Cash Journal, Account Sales Register, Sales Book. Accounting: Trading and Profit and Loss Statements, Statement of Resources and Liabilities. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Jobbing and Commission Set. Special Columns in books Account Sales Book, Account Sales Register. 5a of original entry, * * * General Cash Book, Teller's Book, Discount TickSet. Discount Register, Collection Tickler, Collection Register, Demand Loan Book, Remittance Register, Stock Ledger, Gen- Banking ler, eral Ledger, Individual Ledger. Daily Statement of Receipts and Payments. 4. English. Commercial students must meet the requirements in English Grammar and Rhetoric and Composition as given in the Normal School Course. 5. Orthography. on 5,000 selected and defined words. Pupils are required to make rating of 97% in spelling on a series of tests aggregating 500 words selected from the lists studied. Drills 6. Arithmetic. Drills to develop accuracy and rapidity in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, common and decimal fractions, percentPractical problems in profit and loss, trade age, interest, etc. discount, commission, interest, bank discount, partial payments, averaging accounts, 7. A 8. etc. Commercial Law. study of the general principles of contracts, and the special application of the principle of contracts involved in Negotiable Instruments, Agency Partnership, Corporations, Insurance, Real Property, Personal Property, Bailment and Carriers, Guaranty and Suretyship, Drills in writing and executing simple contracts of business. Penmanship. Palmer Method. Pupils must develop "Palmer" certificate of proficiency. sufficient skill to earn the o pq STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 57 GENERAL INFORMATION The Town of Bloomsburg Bloomsburg is an attractive town, in one of the most beautiful regions of Pennsylvania, has a population of about eight thousand, and is easily accessible by the three largest railroads in the state The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, the Philadelphia & Reading, and the Pennsylvania. It is also connected with neighboring towns by : electric railroads. The town has the district system of steam heating, a public sewer system, pure water from a mountain stream, illuminating gas and electric lights, and paved streets. It is known as one of the thriftiest and healthiest towns in the state. The school is situated 150 feet above the Susquehanna. Nineteen acres of campus afford ample space for lawns and athletic grounds, and include a large and beautiful oak grove. Seven large buildings are admirably adapted to their different uses. Institute Hall This building, erected in 1867, stands at the head of Main Street, and is plainly visible from all parts of the town. On the first floor are five spacious class rooms. The approach to the building is very imposing and beautiful, and has been made much more so by the erection of a handsome bronze fountain, the gift of the class of '04. The Auditorium This room, situated on the second floor of Institute It is comfortably furnished and tastefully decorated. contains one thousand and twenty-five opera chairs, and when occasion demands, can be made to accommodate many more people. The acoustic properties are apparently perHall, fect. The Training School Building This is a three-story building. It stands next to InstiIt contains about tute Hall, and covers about 80 by 90 feet. 28 school and recitation rooms, well ventilated and supplied with light, black-board surface, and the most approved furniture. It is here that the Seniors acquire the theory of teaching, and practice in the art, 21 rooms being fitted up especially for their work. The basement floor of this building is used for the industrial department. BLOOMSBURG 58 The Main Dormitory The Dormitory in the form is four stories high and was originally having a front of 162 feet and an extenThe buildings are supplied with steam heat, and sewer connections. On account of the of a T, sion of 75 feet. electric light, steady growth of the school, this building was finally enlarged by the addition of a wing extending south from the rear of the T described above. Its dimensions are 104 feet by 40 feet, and it furnishes accommodations for about 70 students. Extending across the end of this wing and forward to the front of the building is a long piazza, about 140 feet in length. This fronts the river, and from it may be obtained one of the grandest views in eastern Pennsylvania. The Dining Room This large room on the first floor of the dormitory has It has been most a floor space of over 4,000 square feet. tastefully beautified at an expense of more than $1,200. The which adjoins it, has been entirely remodeled and supplied with the latest and best culinary appliances. Its floor is of cement. Clean and vermin proof, it approximates the ideal place for the preparation of food. It is the study of the steward, and those who aid him, to furnish the table with as great a variety as possible. An excellent cold storage room adjoining the kitchen provides for the preservation of food. kitchen, The North End Addition It extends westward to within 20 feet of the Training School Building, with which it is connected by a two-story covered passage way. This building contains class rooms on the first floor, a large study hall and library, and several class rooms on the second floor on third and fourth floors, additional dormitories for young men. ; The Library On the second room, 46 by 68 feet near the gymnasium, is a large with shelves, desks, tables, comIt serves the double purpose of library fortable chairs, &c. and study hall. This happy arrangement has the advantage of placing the student near the cyclopedias and other works of reference during his periods of study. On the shelves are the school library, the libraries of the literary societies, and those of the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. These libraries contain the standard works of fiction, floor, in size, H 0) W o S3* O -t CD -t «^ BLOOMSBURG 60 history, the leading cyclopedias, dictionaries, and books of reference. The reading tables are well supplied with all the important local and national newspapers and magazines for the free use of the students. The value of the library is greatly enhanced by a card catalogue of the most approved kind, and the constant attendance of a trained librarian to assist students in their research. Students are given some training in library methods. The Each room for students is es are provided for the beds. ed. Rooms Students' furnished. Spring MattressThe walls are neatly paper- The rooms average about 11 feet by 15 feet in size. Many students carpet their rooms. Rooms are frequently inspected and habits of neatness and order are inculcated. The beds of gentlemen are made, and their rooms cared for daily. A Passenger Elevator A new electric elevator, installed by the Otis Elevator Company, is under the management of an efficient operator. This makes it possible to reach easily the rooms on the top floor, which are sought in preference to those below, because they are more comfortable, quieter, and command a more extended view of the surrounding beautiful country. Recreation A beautiful recreation Rooms room for the young been provided at an expense of several hundred boys' parlor has been provided by the generosity These are much enjoyed. of 1909. ladies has dollars. A of the class Science Hall This large and handsome building was erected at a cost of $75,000, to provide additional recitation rooms, and especially to afford facilities for the latest methods of work in the sciences. The large laboratories are fully equipped with the best furniture and appliances manufactured. In the basement, which is mainly above ground, are the music rooms used for practice and teaching in connection with the music department. The first floor is devoted to the biological departments and has large laboratories fitted up for the study of Zoology, Physiology, Botany, and Geology. There is also a laboratory for the students taking the Medical Preparatory Course. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL The second floor has Chemistry. laboratories 61 for Physics and There are two modern lecture rooms for the use of these departments, with lanterns, screens and modern equipment for demonstration and illustration. In the third story are large rooms 45x44 feet each, devoted to the use of the two literary societies, a commodious, well lighted and properly equipped Art Studio, and two recitation rooms. North Hall Two floors of the building formerly used as a musical conservatory and chemical laboratory have been appropriated to students. They are fitted with all modern conveniences. The unobstructed views from most of the rooms are both wide and beautiful. Infirmary While the health of the students has been exceptionally good, an infirmary has been equipped with modern facilities for the care of the sick, and is in charge of a trained nurse. Students unable to attend recitations or go to meals are required to report there, that they may receive proper attention. Hospital The Class of 1915 has enabled the school to provide, as their memorial, upon the campus, yet remote from all other buildings, a hospital for patients having contagious diseases. The building is fitted with all modern conveniences such as steam heat, running water and sewer connection, and is hygienically furnished in accordance with modern hospital standards. The Societies There are two literary societies, devoted to the intellectual improvement of their members. Weekly meetings are held, the exercises of which include essays, readings, declamations and debates. Among the benefits to be derived from membership, by no means the least is the training received in the conducting of business meetings, and the knowledge required of Parliamentary rules. Debates form a distinctive feature of these societies. The Students' Lecture Course This course is one of the most important educational features of each school year, and is organized for the pur- BLOOMSBURG 62 pose of bringing before our students some of the leading lecturers of the day. It is the aim, by means of this course of lectures, to give the students entertainment and culture. The School Periodical In recognition of the need of a regular means of communication between the school and its alumni, a school periodical, the B. S. N. S. Quarterly is issued. The paper is a magazine of from 12 to 20 pages, and appears in January, April and October of each year. Its editorial staff includes members of the Faculty and students. The Alumni, Athletic, Society, and Local Departments of the paper present the work of the school in each number. The alumni department is especially interesting. The Quarterly is sent free to all alumni. Graduates who do not receive the paper will please inform us of the fact. Contests A Second Year Contest in Expression is held annually Two for those who survive a private preliminary test. prizes, each consisting of a set of books, are awarded to the winners in the public contest. The Magee Contest in Composition and Expression, held as early as February 12, is open to all undergraduates having the equivalent of the first two years of the Normal School Course who pass in the preliminary contest. The prizes are provided by the liberality of Mr. James Magee, 2d, president of the Magee Carpet Works, and consist of a first prize of fifteen dollars, a second of ten and a third of five. The Marion Evelyn Ames competition for which is Miller Nature Study prize, all students. open to The Marion Evelyn Ames Song, competition for which graduating class. is Miller prize for Senior Class open to all members of the Discipline All students are expected to observe such regulations as time to time, in order to secure to themselves and other students all the benefits of the institution. Such regulations are purposely kept as few in number as possible, in order to develop a feeling of responsibility and independence of character on the part of every student. Gentlemanly and ladylike behavior are matters of necessity, and no student is allowed to remain in the school who may be needed from BLOOM SBURG does not show by his devotion to work, his behavior, and his personal habits, that he is in earnest in his efforts to get an education. Students who, without permission, absent themselves from the building at times when all students are required to be in their rooms, are dismissed also. The system tional, used is not preventive, but raobject character building. of discipline and has for its Visitors to the school, whether graduates, former students or friends, are expected to conform to the regulations that apply to students, and to preserve toward teachers and others in authority the same attitude that the customs of good society everywhere require of guests. Religion and Morals The school proceeds upon the principle that careful religious training is essential to the proper development of character. The religious teaching is evangelical but not sectarian. Chapel exercises are held daily. All students are required to attend church on Sunday morning. A service of Song or Bible Reading is conducted each Sunday evening. The students sustain a Young Men's Christian Association, and also a Young Woman's Christian Association, which hold separate prayer meetings each Tuesday evening. On Sundays many for the of the students meet in small groups, study of the Scriptures. Attendance is voluntary. The Faculty A preceptress gives especial care to the development of careful habits, favorable to health, as well as to those of neatness, industry, refined manners, and of high moral and religious character. The trustees of the school realize that it is the teacher that makes the school, and they have taken great care to secure teachers of successful experience, broad culture, and established Christian character. As a result, the graduates of the school are young men and women who command good positions and good salaries and who stand high in the estimation of the public. They may be found in all parts of the United States, and some in foreign countries occupying prominent positions of usefulness and influence. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Deans 65 of the Several Classes Senior— Prof. O. H. Bakeless. Second Year— Prof. W. B. Sutliff. — Miss Junior Year— Prof. W. Mary Good; H. G. Teel. Prof. First B. Sutliff. College Preparatory —Prof. D. S. Visiting and Going Hartline. Home Parents are requested not to call pupils home during term time, except in case of absolute necessity. In such cases written permission from parents or guardians is required. Every recitation missed places the pupil at a disadvantage and seriously affects his standing. Giving permission to visit friends is equally distracting. When a visit home or elsewhere is contemplated it distracts the mind on the day of the departure, and it takes the first day after returning to get the mind back to work. This causes practically the loss of two days in addition to the time lost while absent, and makes the pupil lose much All work missed as of the benefit for which he has paid. the result of absence is required to be made up, but this does not entirely restore the standing of the student. Boxes from Home Parents and friends are requested not to send boxes of cooked edibles to students. Many cases of ill health may be traced to eating stale and indigestible food. Besides the ill effects of keeping food in a living room, boxes encourage eating at irregular times and produce other irregularities that interfere with good health and intellectual advancement. The school furnishes good, wholesome food, well cooked and in plenty, and arranges to have as great variety as the markets afford so there is no occasion for sending food to students. ; When to Enter Students may enter at any time. There are classes of degrees of advancement, and students in nearly all subjects can be accommodated, even in the middle of a term. all Students who need only one term's work to finish any particular course will find it to their advantage to attend during the fall term, as during that term they will receive instruction in the essentials of the various branches. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 67 Applications for Teachers The Principal frequently has applications for teachers both within and outside the state. Graduates who want schools are at liberty to put their names on his list, but they should inform him as soon as they secure a position and those who need teachers are urged to apply early that they may get the best. for positions ; Outfits Each student is expected to furnish for personal use the following articles Towels, table napkins, a bed comforter, a pair of blankets, slippers, overshoes, an umbrella, a pair of gymnasium slippers, a gymnasium costume, and a pair of strong high shoes suitable for climbing and walking. Each student should provide himself with a knife, fork and spoon, as silver will not be sent out of the dining room. The gymnasium slippers and costume may be ordered after students enter and learn what is needed. The use of this costume is obligatory; health and decency require it. : Damages All damages done to rooms, halls, furniture, or school property, will be charged to the students who do it. No nails, pins or tacks of any kind are to be driven into the walls or doors. Pictures or other decorations pasted, tacked or pinned to the wall subject the occupants of the room to the expense of papering the entire room. Laundry Regulations Each student is allowed 12 articles of plain clothing or their equivalent in the weekly washing. Note the following regulations 1. Write Have your name on every it missing articles 2. article of clothing. and use nothing but indelible ink. Most are lost because of defective marking. plainly, Have a large clothes bag, so that ironed clothes need not be folded much when put into it for delivery. Be sure to have your name on the clothes bag. 3. The personal wash must be ready for collection by 6 o'clock on Monday morning. 4. On Saturday morning, after breakfast, the personal wash will be delivered. BLOOMSBURG 5. Exchange soiled bed linen (one sheet and two pillow cases) for clean linen on each Friday morning after breakfast. 6. For all articles allowed, clothing in the wash in excess of the 12 an extra charge will be made. State Aid To persons in years of age who will common schools of the free, and will be free as tion is the regular course over seventeen sign an agreement to teach in the state fer two school years, tuition is long as the Legislature's appropriasufficient for the purpose. all Expenses Those who are seeking an education should exercise the same judgment and foresight in selecting a school that they use in other business matters. There It is possible to find cheaper schools than this. are schools of all degrees of cheapness, just as there are articles of merchandise varying in quality. This school gives to the student, in benefits, every dollar of its income both from what students pay and from Added to this is the use of buildings state appropriations. and apparatus accumulated that are now Avorth probably half a million dollars. The tabulated statement on page 69 gives full infor- One-half board and tuition plus registration fee is payable at the beginning of each term, the remainder at the middle of each term. Xote that the state aid is never deducted from the halfterm payment due at the time of entrance. The tuition for the Commercial Course is the same as for the regular Xormal Course. Applications for the filling out of certificates of admission to colleges or other higher institutions of learning will be granted on payment of a fee of one dollar. A charge of 50 cents for each branch per week is made to special students in music, typewriting, or stenography, who desire to take one or two branches with their special mation in regard to charges. subjects. No extra charges are made for class instruction in vocal music. For absence two consecutive weeks or more on account of personal sickness, a deduction for board and tuition Xo other deduction is made for absence. Xo deis made. duction for absence is made during the first two or the last two weeks of a term. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EXPENSES NOTE: Some may items on this page be changed by action of the Board of Trustees. _ „ , Fall I Term 13 Weeks Winter Spring Fract'n Term Terrn 13 Weeks 14 Weeks Full Year Term perW'k of FOR BOARDING STUDENTS (All courses excepting Music) Board, furnished room, heat, light and laundry Tuition ^Registration fee I |$ | Total 71.50 26.00 3.00 $ 71.50 $100.50 (% Board and 5.75 $100.50 j$108.00 |$309.00 51.75 55.50 51.75 $ 48.75 |$ 26.00 is 77.00 |$220.00 28.00 80.00 3.00 9.00 | | Tuition plus Registration fee State aid (State aid |$ 26.00 3.00 | not credited until end of term) 48.75 26.00 $ 52.50 28.00 Amount due middle of term Full year, laboratory fees excepted $ 22.75 80.00 | I I $ 22.75 |$ 24.50 19229.00 FOR DAY STUDENTS (All courses excepting Music) Tuition * Registration fee |$ Total State aid (State aid 26.00 3.00 |$ | 28.00 3.00 |$ | 80.00 9.00 $ 2.00 $89.00 $31.00 29.00 1$ 29.00 $ 26.00 1$ 26.00 3.00 |$ 3.00 |$ 3.00 |$ 9.00 3.50 |$ 3.50 |$ 10.50 |$ is 26.00 3.00 | $ 80.00 $ 28.00 not credited until end of term) Amount due middle of term $ FOR MODEL SCHOOL DAY PUPILS No reduction is made for attendance for a fraction of a term Tuition, (payable at middle of term) No charge to pupils under 9 years of . | | !.50 . I age Registration fee .75 .75 |$ 4.25 1$ FOR MUSIC PUPILS 4.25 |$ |$ | |$ 16.00 9.75 |$ | 2.25 12.75 I I | Piano or Voice, (2 lessons per week) ..|$ 16.00 Piano or Voice, (1 lesson per week) 9.75 Use of Piano (for practice, one period | 4.25 16.00 9.75 |$ | 48.00 29.25 .75 I daily per term) | Class Lessons in Harmony Private Lessons in Harmony | same as Piano Class Lessons in Analysis Class Lessons in History of Music 2.50 7.00 2.50 7.00 7.50 7.00 7.50 | | 2.50 7.00 | | | | | I 7.00 7.50 | i EXTRAS Fee, Chemical Laboratory, (for course) Fees, for Zoology, Botany, and special Biology, each for course Fees, for Physiology, Geology, Agriculture, Astronomy, each, for course Fees, Household Arts Cooking Labor- — 5.00 | 4.00 . atory Fee, Household Art, Sewing Course 2.00 2.00 | MEMBERSHIP IN SPECIAL CLASSES Sewing or millinery, Cooking, 10 lessons 10 lessons $5.00 and material. $6.00 or 75 cents per lesson. *The Registration Fee in Main School carries with it free admission to all numbers of the Students' Lecture Course and all regularly scheduled games of footand basketball. ball, baseball BLOOMSBURG A charge of 15 cents per piece is made for hauling baggage. Baggage is hauled by the school only on the opening and closing days of each term. The scale of charges is made on the basis of two students to each room therefore students cannot be accorded the privilege of rooming alone without extra charges. Bills for one term must be settled before students will be permitted to enter upon the next term, unless by special ; arrangement. Diplomas will not be issued to those whose accounts are unsettled. Rooms engaged beforehand will not be reserved longer than Tuesday of the first week of the term except by special arrangement. Students not living at their own homes are required to board in the school dormitories, except by special arrangement, made in accordance with conditions established by the Board of Trustees. The Principal will make known these conditions on request. When a student's room in the dormitory is held for him during his absence, and cannot be temporarily filled, a charge of $1.00 per week is made. Students are considered members of the School until the Principal is notified of their withdrawal. SUMMER Monday, June 30 SESSION to Saturday, August 9, 1919 Students will be enrolled on Monday, June 30th, and classes will begin on Tuesday, July 1st. This Summer School is designed primarily to provide teachers and others wishing to qualify for teaching an op- portunity to prepare for County Superintendents' examinations for Provisional and Professional Certificates and for State Permanent Certificates. The management of the school is fortunate in having the cordial support and counsel The of the Superintendents of the Normal School District. school has adopted a Course of Study by a Committee of County Superintendents for students expecting to be examined for all grades of certificates. This course of study is based upon the Pennsylvania State Course for Element- ary Schools. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL at the end of the Sumthe Superintendents of Columbia and Montour Counties. Several other Superintendents will hold examinations in their home districts after the close of the Examinations will be held here mer Term by Summer Term. Many of the subjects of the regular Normal Course will be offered. All credits earned in the Summer Term will apply toward the completion of the regular Normal Course. The credit will be given upon the basis of work done rather than by the number of weeks. That is, if intensive work is done in any line more credit may be earned than would be possible in six weeks of regular school work. We believe this plan is fair to both the pupil and the institution. STATE AID IN THE SUMMER SCHOOL Tuition will be paid by the Commonwealth for all students pursuing the regular Normal School Course. This includes those taking the branches of the first year of the course, who will receive credit toward graduation for such work it includes also those working off branches to enable them to enter higher classes of the Normal Course. ; Those are not entitled to such aid who are taking work order to get the State Permanent Certificate, those graduates who are preparing to get additional subjects endorsed upon their diplomas, those preparing for college or working off college conditions, and those specializing in Music, Drawing, Domestic Science or Commercial Work. in THE FACULTY The Summer School teaching will be done to a large extent by heads of departments of the Normal School. TERMS. Registration fee and tuition for one term. Board, room and laundry, per week . .$12.00 5.00 BLOOMSBURG 72 Class Memorials Class Class Class Class of of of of Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of — Marble Model of Independence Bell. — Bible for Chapel, and Reference Books. — Fountain on Lower Campus. — Nucleus of Library — Library of Universal 1876 1879 1882 1883 Knowledge. 1884— Desk for Study Hall. — Clock for Auditorium. 1886— Model School Apparatus, $225. 1887 — Relief Maps and Tellurian. 1885 1888— Manikin. 1889 1890 1891 1892 — Stanford's Maps, Weights — Columbian Encyclopedia. — Curtain for Stage. and Measures. 1893— Scholarship of S144.38. 1894— Scholarship of $159.95. 1895— Scholarship of $150.00. 1896— Scholarship of 8103.05. 1897— Scholarship of $161.72. 1898— Scholarship of $150.00. 1899— Sun Dial. 1900— Scholarship of $203.85. 1901— Scholarship of $200.00. 1902— Scholarship of $150.00. 1903— $100 for use of Dept. of Pedagogy. 1904 Fountain at Main Entrance. 1905— Scholarship of $200.00. 1906 $300 for Department of Languages. $ 50 for Department of Natural Science. S 50 for Department of Geography. — — $400 Class of 1907 — $150 for $130 for $130 for Department Department Department of Higher Mathematics. of English of History. $410 — Beautifying and Improvement of School Grove, $379.15. 1909 — Boys' Recreation Room, $350. 1910— Fitting up Dressing Rooms and Refitting Chapel Stage, $350. 1911 — Fire Escapes, $350. 1912 — Concrete Walks, Steps and Bronze Casts, $525. Scholarship of $100. 1913 — Stage Curtain and Rug, replacing Memorial of Class of 1908 Class of Class of Class of Class of Class of the Class of 1892, $450. Class of 1914— Class of 1914 Book Fund, $250. Class of 1915— New Hospital, $350. Pergola in the grove, Class of 1916-1 Concrete J lilmg Main Corridor. Class of 1917 Botanical Conservatory, $362. Class of 1919— War Hero Memorial Pinery and Steel Flag Pole. $m — l (. BLOOMSBURG CATALOG OF STUDENTS-1918-1919 Resident Graduates Fry, Harriet E., '02, Danville, Montour. Herring, Jessie Fleekenstine, '09, Orangeville, Columbia. Knedler, J. Warren, Moscow, Lackawanna. Long, Bessie M., '02, Catawissa, Columbia. Orndorf, Mary R., '18, Danville, Montour. Stroh, Helen, '18, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Welsh, Elizabeth S., '15, Orangeville, Columbia. Wilson, Ida G., '18, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Under-Graduates Agnew, Marion, Pittston, Luzerne. Ahlers, Annie, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Ahlers, Betty, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Alexander, Helen, Nanticoke, Luzerne. Allen, Alice J., Alderson, Luzerne. Ailing, Dorothea, Susquehanna, Susquehanna. Annis, James Allen, Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Annis, Madeline Florence, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Anthony, Agnes S., Alden Station, Luzerne. Anthony, Ralph, Bear Creek, Luzerne. Anthony, Robert A., Bear Creek, Luzerne. Arment, Helen Gertrude, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Armstrong, Isabel, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Augenblick, Benjamin I. Dessen, Nanticoke, Luzerne. Azpiazu, Waldina Pradabda de, Havana, Cuba. Bachman, Alma Lois, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Bardwick, Evelyn June, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Baer, Lorraine Estle, Scranton, Lackawanna. Bakeless, David, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Baker, Bertha, Espy, Columbia. Baker, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Baker, Paul N., Espy, Columbia. Baker, Paul, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Baker, Robert James, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Bankes, Lester, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Bankes, Maude, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Bankes, Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Bankes, Violus, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Barber, Emily, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Barndt, Hester, Catawissa, Columbia. Barndt, Leon Shuman, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Baum, Anna H., Hazleton, Luzerne. Bednarek, George J., Jr., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Behr, Ada, Lopez, Sullivan. Belifski, Mary, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Berger, Joseph James, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Berger, Karl R., Lehighton, Carbon. Beyer, Florence, Orangeville, Columbia. Bierly, Mildred M., Mifflinville, Columbia. Billmeyer, Bertha, Danville, Montour. Birch, Martha, Bloomsburg, Columbia. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Bitting, Catharine, Ringtown, Schuylkill. Black, Lessing, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Blecker, Mary C, Danville, Montour. Bocanegra, F. Jose, Cifuentes, Cuba. Boguszewski, Adolph, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Boody, Leonard, Rupert, Columbia. Boyer, Isabel, Danville, Montour. Brace, Laura Winifred, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Brace, Molly Beryl, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Breisch, Ina, Ringtown, Schuylkill. Breisch, Laura, Ringtown, Schuylkill. Brennar, Marion M., Brandonviie, Schuylkill. Broadt, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Broadt, Elva, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Broadt, Emma, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Broadt, Florence, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Broadt, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Brower, Mary E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Brown, Claude C, Light Street, Columbia. Brown, Florence E., Wapwallopen, Luzerne. Brown, Harriet Brookfield, Vanceboro, N. C. Brown, Philip, New York City. Brunozzi, Armeda, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Buck, Miller, Danville, Montour. Burdick, Mildred H., Uniondale. Burns, Alice M., Oneida, Schuylkill. Butzner, Elizabeth Robison, Scranton, Lackawanna. Cabo, Irene Marie, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Cain, Paul M., Lime Ridge, Columbia. Casey, Albert, Benton, Columbia. Castellani, Peter C. F., Old Forge, Lackawanna. Cataldo, Felecia, Hazleton, Luzerne. Church, Geraldine, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Church, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Clark, Maude, Edwardsville, Luzerne. Clay, Arthur S., Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Cleaver, Emma, West Chester, Chester. Cleaver, Grace, West Chester, Chester. Cloherty, Clare, Scranton, Lackawanna. Cocklin, Alice F., Shickshinny, Luzerne. Cole, Anna M., State College. Colley, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Martha R., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Mary, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Collier, J. Adrian, Olyphant, Lackawanna. Colt, Marie M., Meshoppen, Wyoming. Conboy, Anna Mary, Scranton, Lackawanna. Colley, Colley, Conner, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Connor, Catherine, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Constine, John Hart, Espy, Columbia. Corrigan, Benedicta, Hazleton, Luzerne. Costa, Sara M., Old Forge, Lackawanna. Cotner, Clyde, Strawberry Ridge, Montour. Creasy, Harryette, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Creasy, Jean, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Creasy, Le Roy, Espy, Columbia. Creveling, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. BLOOMSBURG Cromley, Hazel Mae, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Cromley, Joe Henry, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Crook, Amy Marjorie, Minersville, Schuylkill. Crouse, Rhoda L., Berwick, Columbia. Cummings, Anna A., Pittston, Luzerne. Davies, Russell C, Kingston, Luzerne. Davies, Wesley E., Kingston, Luzerne. Davis, Anna M., Ringtown, Schuylkill. Davis, Samuel A., Ringtown, Schuylkill. Deane, Mercedes, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Deaner, Hildred Leone, Mainville, Columbia. Decker, Mabel G., Mehoopany, Wyoming. De Melfy, Frank A., Hazleton, Luzerne. Dennis, Edith A., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Dennis, S. James, 3rd, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Derr, Aida Florence, Milton, Northumberland. Derr, Edgar, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Dice, Charles Stanley, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Dice, Claire K., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Dieffenbacher, Thelma, Danville, Montour. Diemer, Beth R., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Diemer, Helen Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Diemer, Mary J., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Dietrick, Josepha E., Shickshinny, Luzerne. Dildine, Esther, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Dougherty, Katherine M., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Doyle, Ruth F., Middletown, N. Y. Dreibelbis, F. Ralph, Hamburg, Berks. Dreshman, Ruth, Ashland, Schuylkill. Dunbar, D. Clifford, Benham, Ky. Durkin, Mary, Wilkes-Barre. Luzerne. Dyer, Margaret, Scranton, Lackawanna. Egge, Helen M., Mt. Carmel, Northumberland. Eisenhauer, Helen Eva, Mifflinville, Columbia. Emmitt, John F., Danville, Montour. Ent, Anna Mary, Lightstreet, Columbia. Ent, Mary B., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Epler, Frances, Northumberland, Northumberland. Erdman, Clyde S., Tower City, Schuylkill. Eroh, George Edgar, Mifflinville, Columbia. Erwin, Mae E., Catawissa, Columbia. Eshleman, Fay, Mifflin, Juniata. Evans, Beatrice E., Shamokin, Northumberland. Evans, Edwin A., Scranton, Lackawanna. Evans, Florence L., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Evans, Mildred E., Shamokin, Northumberland. Eves, Winifred, Benton, Columbia. Eyerly, Emma R., Danville, Montour. Eyerly, Mae, Bloomsburg. Columbia. Eyerly, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fagley, Catharine, Mt. Carmel, Northumberland. Farnsworth, Lois, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Felker, Arthur M., Beaver Springs, Snyder. Felker, Charles A., Beaver Springs, Snyder. Ferguson, Eva H., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Ferree, Margaret, Oak Hall Station, Centre. Fessler, Elizabeth Emma, Shamokin, Northumberland. m BLOOMSBURG 78 Fetterolf, Gladys E., Pottsville, Schuylkill. Fidler, John L., Espy, Columbia. Fierman, Ben, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Fiester, Zella, Berwick, Columbia. Fischer, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fischer, Mildred, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fischer, Donald R., Rupert, Columbia. Fischer, Viola M., Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Fisher, Homer V., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fisher, Lillian, Mt. Carmel, Northumberland. Fisher, Warren, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Flynn, Mary H., Centralia, Columbia. Foote, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Foote, Grace, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Foote, Paul, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fought, J. Hnery, Millville, Columbia. Foust, Beaver S., Danville, Montour. Fox, R. Valara, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Frantz, Delphine, Lehman, Luzerne. Freas, Margaret K., Berwick, Columbia. Frey, Edna I., Catawissa, Columbia. Fritz, Charles, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Fritz, Kathryn, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Frumkin, Ida Ruth, Hazleton, Luzerne. Furman, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gabel, Miriam F., Wilkes-Barre, Columbia. Gamble, Ethlyn, Sugar Run, Bradford. Gearhart, Helen, Danville, Montour. Gearinger, Katharine, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gedrich, Albert E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gerhard, Jessie, Bloomsburg, Columbia. T yoming, Luzerne. Gilbert, Esther, Gilbert, Miriam, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gillespie, Christine, Catawissa, Columbia. Gillespie, Jessie, Catawissa, Columbia. Girton, Bernice L., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Girton, Maxwell, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Golden, Harriet K., Hawley, Wayne. Gordon, Gertrude, Kingston, Luzerne. Gotshall, Grace, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gray, Harry, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Griffith, Eleanor, Shamokin, Northumberland. Griffith, Mildred E., Kingston, Luzerne. W Griffiths, Merrill, Taylor, Lackawanna. Grimes, Joseph S., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Grimes, Stewart, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Gross, Lester E., Beaver Springs, Snyder. Gross, Sarah Clementine, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Grover, Mary E., Sunbury, Northumberland. Guckavan, Marie, Hazleton, Luzerne. Hackett, Cadwallader Eyer, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hammond, Lucia E., Scranton, Lackawanna. Hancock, Mary A., Plains, Luzerne. Hanner, Elizabeth, Montoursville, Lycoming. Harrington, Mary E., Jamison City, Columbia. Harris, Mary, Scranton, Lackawanna. Harter, Roland, Berwick, Columbia. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Hartline, H. Keffer, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hartman, Ned, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hassert, Claire, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hatcher, Kenneth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hedden, Claire, Benton, Columbia. Heffers, Helen C, Pittston, Luzerne. Heimbach, Ruth E., Lehighton, Carbon. Heiss, Katharine Margaret, Mifflinville, Columbia. Heller, Anna, Laceyville, Wyoming. Hendershott, Warren E., Jerseytown, Columbia. Hensell, Hazle, Hazleton, Luzerne. Hepner, Robert, Dornsife, Northumberland. Herbert, George, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Herman, Almira Havergal, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Herman, Carl, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Herman, Claire, Edwardsville, Luzerne. Herman, Francis, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Herman, William G., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Herring, Dorothy, Orangeville, Columbia. Hess, Helen Elizabeth, Mifflinville, Columbia Hess, Mary A., Treverton, Northumberland. Hess, Veda L., Forty-Fort, Luzerne. Hill, Helen C, Hazleton, Luzerne. Hill, M. Helen, Beach Haven, Luzerne. Hill, Henry, Hazleton, Luzerne. Hill, Olive L., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hite, Frederick Sands, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hoag, Henry R., Lopez, Sullivan. Hoffman, Arthur, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Hoffman, Karleen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hoffmer, Harriet, Hazleton, Luzerne. Holleran, Teresa, Pittston, Luzerne. Holmes, William H., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hopper, Paul, Espy, Columbia. Hottenstein, Lena, Mifflinville, Columbia. Houck, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Howell, Helen, Espy, Columbia. Hower, Margaret, Catawissa, Columbia. Hughes, Inez, Espy, Columbia. Hummel, Foster M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hutton, Emily R., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hutton, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hutton, Robert Morris, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hutton, W. Neal, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Hyde, Jack, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Ikeler, Darl, Benton, Columbia. Ikeler, Frank Armstrong, Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia. John, Anna, Scranton, Lackawanna. Jeremiah, Niollie, Shamokin, Northumberland. John, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Johnson, Marian F.. Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Johnson, Ruth E., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Johnson, Williom B., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Johnston, Helen B., Rupert, Columbia. Jones, Argenta Fav, Edwardsville, Luzerne. Jones, Catherine, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Jones, M. Ruth, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. 80 BLOOMSBURG Y. W. C. A. Cabinet STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Kahler, Josephine Claire, Bloomsburg Columbia. Kahler, Ruth H., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Kashner, Laura, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Keating, Claire, Pittston, Luzerne. Keefer, Lawrence V., Catawissa, Columbia. Kehler, Miriam, Locust Dale, Schuylkill. Kehren, Helen, Forest City, Susquehanna. Kelly, Alice E., Moscow, Lackawanna. Kelly, Jeannette D., Plymouth, Luzerne. Kennedy, Veronica M., Minersville, Schuylkill. Kenney, Julia A., Tuscarora, Schuylkill. Kester, Zoe, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Kilcoyne, Marion, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Kimbal, Alice, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Kinner, Frances N., Mehoopany, Wyoming. Kirkhuff, Asa, Ashley, Luzerne. Kishbach, Grace, Linfield, Montgomery. Kitrick, Ethel, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Klem, Frank, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Kline, Lena, Berwick, Columbia. Kline, Mildred E., Sunbury, Northumberland. Kline, Ruth M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Kline, Sadie G., Register, Luzerne. Knorr, Martha Louise, Bloomsburg, Columbia Knouse, Mae, Benton, Columbia. Kreidler, Linda, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Kreisher, Kathryn, Catawissa, Columbia. Kreisher, Margaret, Catawissa, Columbia. Kumer, Christian W., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Kuster, Walter F., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lamb, Grace Hilda, T ilkes-Barre, Luzerne. W Lanning, Emma, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lanning, Harriet, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lanning, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lanning, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Laubach, Clio, Shickshinny, Luzerne. Law, James, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lawrence, Mary Lorraine, Danville, Montour. Lawson, Kathryn, Shenandoah, Schuylkill. Lemon, Kelman. Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lewis, Annetta R., Nanticoke, Luzerne. Linville, Falla M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Lewellyn, Muzetta, Nanticoke, Luzerne. T Loftus, Anna, W ilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Long, Clark C, Berwick. Columbia. Long, Zell, Benton, Columbia. Lorah, Mabel, Pittston, Luzerne. Lowe, Rachel L., Plymouth, Luzerne. Lowenberg, Clare, Bloomsburg Columbia. Ludwig, Miriam, Catawissa, Columbia. Luhman, Harriett, Oakfield, N. Y. Lydbn, Mrs. John J., Espy, Columbia. Lydon, Mary R., Pittston, Columbia. McBride, Mary, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. McCoy, Grace B., Lewistown, Mifflin. McCreary, Lucile, Hallstead, Susquehanna. McDonnell, Mary E., Ashland, Schuylkill. . BLOOMSBURG 82 McDonnell, Sadie, Centralia, Columbia. McDowell, John Lee, Light Street, Columbia. McDyer, Grace M., Coaldale, Schuylkill. McGill, Mary S., Jedds, Luzerne. McHenry, Albert S., Bloomsburg, Columbia. McMahan, Harold, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Magee, Harry, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Manley, Ursula, Scranton, Lackwanna. Marchetti, Elizabeth, Nuremberg, Schuylkill. Marchetti, Violet, Kulpmont, Northumberland. Mariscal, Rafael, Jr., Sagua la Grande, Cuba. Marks, Gerald E., Plymouth, Luzerne. Marsells,' Mary, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Martin, Claire, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Martin, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Martin, Gertrude, Hazleton, Luzerne. Marvin, Louise, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Masteller, Mabel M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Maurer, Edna Florence, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Mauser, Mary Maliala, Danville, Montour. Mauser, Pauline, Danville, Montour. Maust, Ruth Ella, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Maust, Ruth M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Meenan, Gertrude A., Scranton, Lackawanna. Meixell, Helen, Berwick, Columbia. Menges, T. Amelia, Milton, Northumberland. Mensinger, Jessie, Oneida, Schuylkill. Metro, Joseph, Kis Lyn, Luzerne. Meyers, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Millard, Pauline, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Miller, Charles F., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Miller, Elizabeth G., Ashland, Schuylkill. Miller, Emma, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Miller, Laura Helen, Catawissa, Columbia. Miller, Mary Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Miller, Rachael, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Miller, Ralph E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Montgomery, Clara C, Orangeville, Columbia. Moore, Zack Leroy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Moran, Florence, Scranton, Lackawanna. Moran, Helen, Scranton, Lackawanna. Morgan, Jeannette H., Nanticoke, Luzerne. Morgan, Sara Becker, Frackville, Schuylkill. Morris, Minnie, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Moss, Alice L., Plymouth, Luzerne. Myers, Ruth Elizabeth, Washington, D. C. Naugle, Emma J., Hemlock Creek, Luzerne. Noack, Rexford J., Moscow, Lackawanna. Nolan, Miriam J., Lewistown, Mifflin. Nunez, Miguel A., Pto Plata, Dominican Republic. Nyhart, Robert, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. O'Gara, Mary, Hazleton, Luzerne. O'Malley, Anna Mary, Scranton, Lackawanna. Oman, Glenn, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Otto, John W., Herndon, Northumberland. Papania, Elvira, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Park, Jane, Dallas, Luzerne. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Patrick, Dorcas, Tower City, Schuylkill. Patrick, Paul, Tower City, Schuylkill. Patrick, Rachel E., Tower City, Schuylkill. Patterson, Ottis, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Patterson, Rowena, Nescopeck, Luzerne. Pegg, Eva G., Berwick, Columbia. Pegg, William, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Perkins, Elsie R., Plymouth, Luzerne. Pettit, Katherine, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Petty, Mary Elizabeth, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Pfahler, Elsie M., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Phillips, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Piatt, Beatrice, Mainville, Columbia. Porteus, Erma Mildred, Berwick, Columbia. Poust, Lyle, Orangeville, Columbia. Poust, Pearl, Orangeville, Columbia. Prats, Louis, Havana, Cuba. Pritchard, Bernice E., South Gibson, Susquehanna. Pritchard, M. Teresa, South Gibson, Susquehanna. Pritchard, Silas D., South Gibson, Susquehanna. Pursel, Celia, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Pursel, Edna M., Shenandoah, Schuylkill. Pursel, Marjorie, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Quick, Annie, Orangeville, Columbia. Reichart, Esther Lillian, Hazleton, Luzerne. Reimard, Catherine Alice, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Harold W Dornsife, Northumberland. Remensynder, Anna M., Renner, Grace V., Northumberland, Northumberland. Rentschler, Henry D., Jr., Ringtown, Schuylkill. Reynolds, Margaret T., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Reitz, T ., Rich, Henry A., Hyde Park, Massachusetts. Renard, Margaret, Catawissa, Columbia. Ringrose, Fred, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Rishton, Tom P., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Roan, Harriet, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Robbins, Elizabeth, Rapid City, Mich. Robbins, Rachel, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Robbins, Rhoda, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Roberts, Anna H., Mt. Carmel, Northumberland. Roberts, Helen, Jermyn, Lackawanna. Roberts, Mary Lee, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Robinson, Olive O., Honesdale, Wayne. Rodriquez, Rene, Cifuentes, Cuba. Roger, Harold, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Rose, Marjorie M., Paxtang, Dauphin. Rosell, Victor Julio, Trujills, Peru, S. A. Ruggles, Eadne, Pikes Creek, Luzerne. Rupert, Regina, Espy, Columbia. Ryan, Dorothy, Catawissa, Columbia Sainz, Juan, Cifuentes, Santa Clara, Cuba. Salabarria, Paul, Bahia Handa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Santee, Clara N., Conyngham, Luzerne. Santee, Edna J., Conyngham, Luzerne. Savidge, Mary C., Northumberland, Northumberland. Schaffner, Walter, Orangeville, Columbia. Schoch, Myrtle, Lopez, Sullivan. 84 BLOOMSBURG Schools, Francis R., Lebanon, Lebanon. Schools, Helen C, Lehighton, Carbon. Schraeder, Frank C, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Schuyler, Mary Freas, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Schuyler, Thursabert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Scott, Emily A., Plymouth, Luzerne. Seely, Catherine, Berwick, Columbia. Seiler, Camille Natalie, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Seltzer, Alva, Ringtown, Schuylkill. Seybert, Olaf, Berwick, Columbia. Shaefer, Gladys, Scranton, Lackawanna. Shafer, Myrlynn, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Shaffer, H. Lucile, Rohrsburg, Columbia. Shaffer, Laura C, Berwick, Columbia. Shaffer, Ray, Briar Creek, Columbia. Sharpless, Joseph, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sharpless, Myra, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shaver, Claire, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sherburne, Arthur, Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shobert, Mrs. Warren, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shoemaker, David Kreamer, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shultz, Wilmer L., Jerseytown, Columbia. Shuman, Agnes E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shuman, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shuman, Josephine L., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Shuman, Ralph, Mainville, Columbia. Shuman, Rhea, Catawissa, Columbia. Shuman, Sara C, Mainville, Columbia. Singer, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Slear, John, Belleville, Mifflin. Smith, Edmond, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Smith, Hervery B., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Smith, Mary Agnes, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Smith, Mont Paul, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Smith, Theodore P., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Smith, Victoria, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Snyder, Elsie, Trevorton, Northumberland. Snyder, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sosa, Miguel A., Isabel de Lagua, Cuba. Stackhouse, Cora, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Stackhouse, Helen Pier, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Stadler, Alice, Catawissa, Columbia. Stapinski, Mary, Glen Lyon, Luzerne. Stearns, Louise, Kingsley, Susquehanna. Steele, Elizabeth Muir, Shamokin, Northumberland. Sterner, Alice Parvin, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Stetler, Evelyn, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Steward, Arthur E., Lime Ridge, Columbia. Stiner, Phoebe, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Stonier, Josephine A., Montrose, Susquehanna. Stover, Mildred, Scranton, Lackawanna. Stroh, Jeanne, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Summers, Margaret R., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sutliff, Harriet E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sutliff, Helen E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sutliff, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Sutton, Margaret, Wyoming, Luzerne. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Sweeney, Marion Agnes, Scranton, Lackawanna. Sweetwood, Ida, Centre Hall, Centre. Sweetwood, James, Centre Hall, Centre. Sweppenhiser, Ella E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Taylor, Edna H., Forest City, Susquehanna. Taylor, Marion E., Forest City, Susquehanna. Thomas, Evelyn, Dallas, Luzerne. Thomas, Roberta L., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Thomas, Norton Jack, Forks, Columbia. Titus, Lena A., Mainville, Columbia. Titman, Ruth E., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Townsend, Dawn, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Traub, Myron, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Traugh, Fern Elizabeth, Berwick, Columbia. Trout, May Marion, Catawissa, Columbia. Troutman, Marion Helen, Shamokin, Northumberland. Unangst, Edward R., Orangeville, Columbia. Utt, Marie, Rohrsburg, Columbia. Vance, Cordelia, Orangeville, Columbia. Vanderslice, Elisha H., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Vannatta, S. Margaret, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Wagner, Evelyn D., Gordon, Schuylkill. Wagner, Mae Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Walborn, Kathryn L., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Waller, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Walton, Caroline, Berwick, Columbia. Walton, Helen G., Plains, Luzerne. Warner, Meta, Wapwallopen, Luzerne. Wayne, Hazel, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Weiss, Preston Allen, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Welliver, Carman, Danville, Montour. Welliver, Gladys M., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Welliver, Helen M., Jerseytown, Columbia. Welliver, Wood, Danville, Montour. Welsh, J. Louis, Orangeville, Columbia. Wendel, Hilda, Hazleton, Luzerne. Werkheiser, Charlotte, Bloomsburg, Columbia. West, Vera F., Tunkhannock, Wyoming. Wheatley, Amina, Bloomsburg, Columbia. White, Helen Stuart, Scranton, Lackawanna. White, Marion, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. White, Wilhelmine, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Whitney, Jeanne Cope, Wilmington, Del. Wiedenman, William George, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Wigfall, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Williams, Beatrice, St. Johns, Luzerne. T illiams, Gertrude L., Kingston,. Luzerne. Williams, Mary E., Sugar Notch, Luzerne. Williams. Thomas H., Bloomsburg, Columbia. W Willits, Martha, Northumberland, Northumberland. Wilson, Arbutus L., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne. Wilson, Frank Hartman, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Wilson, Melvin O., Barto, Berks. Wolf, Robert C, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Woodring, Dorothy E., St. Johns, Luzerne. Yorks, Kenneth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Yost, Martha, Bloomsburg, Columbia. 85 BLOOMSBURG Mi Y. M. C. A. Cabinet STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 87 Young, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Young, Priscilla, Wilkes-Barre, Columbia. Young, Ruth, Catawissa, Columbia. Zarr, Ben., Bloomsburg, Columbia. Zarr, Jean, Bloomsburg, Columbia. Zehner, Clyde, Sugarloaf, Luzerne. Zelinski, Agnes E., Cressona, Schuylkill. Zierdt, Marguerite, Hazleton, Luzerne. SUMMARY OF STUDENTS Number Number Number Number Number Term Term Spring Term during Fall 490 during Winter 480 during 499 of of boys during year girls during year 161 409 THE ALUMNI Alumni Association Annual Meeting, Commencement Day OFFICERS President, Geo. E. Elwell, B.L.I., '67. Vice President, D. J. Waller, Jr., B.L.I., '67. Corresponding Secretary, G. E. Wilbur. Recording Secretary, S. J. Johnston, '93. Treasurer, H. E. Rider, '04. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Prof. O. H. Prof. C. H. Mrs. F. H. Harriet, F. Bakeless, 79, Chairman. Albert, 79. Jenkins, 75. Carpenter, Mrs. J. H. Dennis. Mrs. D. S. Hartline, '96. '92. Alumni Association of Luzerne County Annual Meeting, Week of County Institute OFFICERS President, G. J. Clark, '83. Treasurer, B. Frank Myers, '88. Secretary, Nan S. Wintersteen, '98. BLOOMSBURG Alumni Association Lackawanna County of Annual Meeting, Week County Institute of OFFICERS President, C. R. Powell, '83. Vice President, W. H. Jones, Treasurer, John Jones, '12. Secretary, Mamie Morgan, Alumni Association '00. '95. Susquehanna County of Annual Meeting, Week County Institute of OFFICERS President, Edna Wilmot, '12. Vice President, Kathleen Kendall, Secretary and Treasurer, Annette Alumni Association '16. McCormick, County of Schuylkill Annual Meeting, Week of County '16. Institute OFFICERS President, Richard W. McHale, '90. Secretary and Treasurer, Anna Curtin, Alumni Association of '12. Dauphin County OFFICERS President, L. H. Dennis, '99. Vice President, Dr. X. B. Mausteller, Secretary, Annie Schlayer, '97. Treasurer, Mary Pendergast, '95. Alumni Association of '92. Wayne County OFFICERS President, Harold C. Box, '10. Secretary and Treasurer, Florence L. Walters, Alumni Association of Mifflin County OFFICERS President, Melissa Shaw, '95. Vice President, Edith Cole, '12. Secretary, H. W. Ramer, '12. Alumni Association of Snyder County OFFICERS President, Dr. A. J. Herman, '92. Secretary and Treasurer, Sue E. Toole, '09. '14. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Alumni Association Lycoming County of Organized at Muncy, December 29, 1910 OFFICERS President, Mary Truckenmiller, '98. Secretary and Treasurer, W. J. Farnsworth, Alumni Association of '05. Wyoming County OFFICERS President, Chas. L. Hess, '93. Vice President, Mrs. Adelaide McKown Hawke, Secretary and Treasurer, Susan Jennings, '14. Alumni Association of '89. Northumberland County OFFICERS President, Secretary, Benjamin Apple, '89. Ruth F. Nicely, '13. Alumni Association of Union County OFFICERS President, Paul C. Snyder, '02. Vice President, Nellie Fetterolf, '04. Secretary, Helen Bingman. Treasurer, Lauretta Latshaw, '96. Alumni Association of Montour County Organized December 23, 191o OFFICERS President, Fred W. Diehl, '09. Vice President, Winifred Evans, '00. Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. Jennie Moore, Alumni Association of New York '84. City and Vicinity OFFICERS President, Dr. A. K. Aldinger, '04. Vice President, J. Conner Craveling. Secretary, Mabel Farley, '06. Alumni Association of Carbon County OFFICERS W. Keeler, '10. Secretary and Treasurer, Alice Fenner, President, C. '93. u E c n An jfrw < STATE NORMAL SCHOOL GRADUATES OF 1919 Normal Course Bachman, Alma Lois, 327 Kidder St., Wilkes-Barre. Baker, Bertha Viola, Espy. Baker, Paul N., Espy. Baum, Anna H., 133 S. Cedar St., Hazleton. Belefski, Mary M., 169 Main St., Glen Lyon. Birch, Martha E., Bloomsburg. Blecher, Mary Celesta, Danville. Breisch, Ina M., Main St., Ringtown. Breisch, Laura I., Ringtown. Brenner, Marion Mae, Brandonville. Burdick, Mildred H., Uniondale. Burns, Alice Marie, Oneida. Cabo, Irene Marie, 151 S. Washington St., Wilkes-Barre. Clark, Maude M., 201 Summit Ave., Edwardsville. Cleaver, Grace Kathryn, Elysburg. Cole, Anna M., 316 W. Beaver Ave., State College. Marie Miller, Meshoppen. Conboy, Anna Mary, 1411 Cedar Ave., Scranton, Pa. Colt, Connor, Catherine Jane, 221 Lincoln St., Wilkes-Barre. Corrigan, Benedicta, 420 W. Oak St., Hazleton. Costa, Sara M., 238 Main St., Old Forge. Crook, Amy Marjorie, Minersville. Crouse, Rhoda Lenora, 1318 Orange St., Berwick. Cummings, Anna A., 31 Main St., Inkerman. Davies, Wesley Evans, 57 Poplar St., Dorranceton. Decker, Mabel G., N. Mehoopany. Dennis, Edith A., 50 Davis Place, Wilkes-Barre. Dice, Claire Kathryn, 422 E. 4th St., Bloomsburg. Diemer, Mary Jane, Bloomsburg, R. F. D. No. 2. Dougherty, Katherine Marie, 86 Maxwell St., Wilkes-Barre. Doyle, Ruth Fletcher, Box 266, Middleton, N. Y. Dreibelbis, Francis Ralph, Hamburg. Dreshman, Ruth M., 1432 Market St., Ashland. Durkin, Mary Rosaria, 15 Wall St., Wilkes-Baire. Dyer, Margaret J., 1414 Jackson St., Scranton. Egge, Helen M., 129 N. Hickory St., Mt. Carmel. Epler, Frances C, Northumberland, R. F. D. No. 1. Erwin, Mae E., Catawissa. Eshleman, Fay E., Mifflin. Evans, Beatrice E., 906 Lincoln Ave., Scranton. Evans, Edwina P., 133 S. Lincoln Ave., Scranton. Evans, Florence Louise, 24 Regent St., Wilkes-Barre. Evans, Mildred Elizabeth, 113 Birch St., Shamokin. Fagley, Catharine Morgan, 27 N. Maple St., Mt. Carmel. Farnsworth, Lois L., 414 W. 3rd St., Bloomsburg. Felker, Arthur Miller, Beaver Springs. Ferguson, Eva H., 319 S. Iron St., Bloomsburg. Fessler, Elizabeth Emma, 18 W. Chestnut St., Shamokin. Fetterolf, Gladys E., 903 W. Market St., Pottsville. Fiester, Zella Pearl, 817 Mulberry St., Berwick. Fisher, Viola M., Cor. Main and Market Sts., Glen Lyon. Fisher, Lillian C, 14 S. Walnut St., Mt. Carmel. Flynn, Mary H., Centralia. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Gilbert, Esther Marion, 494 Monument Ave., Wyoming. Gilbert, Miriam W., 454 E. 3rd St., Bloomsburg. Golden, Harriet K., 214 Keystone St., Hawley. Gordon, M. Gertrude, 139 Eley St., Dorranceton. Griffith, Mildred Elizabeth, 37 Welles St., Kingston. Griffiths, Muriel, 246 N. Main St., Taylor. Mary E., 319 Catawissa Ave., Sunbury. Grover, Guckavan, Marie Catherine, 427 W. Maple St., Hazleton. Lucia Elizabeth, 324 Taylor Ave., Scranton. Hanner, M. Elizabeth, 324 Taylor Ave., Scranton. Hedden, Claire, Benton. Heffers, Helen C, 455 S. Main St., Pittston. Heimbach, Ruth Elizabeth, 135 N. 4th St., Lehighton. Hess, Mary A., Trevorton. Hess, Veda Lois, 112 Dana St., Forty-Fort. Hill, Helen Catherine, 210 E. Holly St., Hazleton. Hammond, M. Helen, Beach Haven, Pa. Hoffman, Arthur E., 58 Newport St., Glen Lyon. Ikeler, Darl P., Benton. Jeremiah, Mollie E., 225 Market St., Shamokin. Johnson, Marion F., 94 Regent St., Wilkes-Barre. Kahler, Ruth H., 388 E. 5th St., Bloomsburg. Hill, Keating, Claire Elizabeth, 147 Railroad St., Pittston. Kehren, Helen Carolyn, Forest City. Kennedy, Veronica M., Minersville. Kenney, Julia A., Tuscarora. Kester, Zoe, 361 Fair St., Bloomsburg. Kilcoyne, Marion Catherine, 23 Cinderella St., Wilkes-Barre. Kinner, Frances Elizabeth, N. Mehoopany. Kirkhuff, Asa W., 45 Ridge St., Ashley. Kishbach, Grace S.,-Luifield. Kline, Mildred Elizabeth, 437 Catawissa Ave., Sunbury. Knorr, Martha L., 323 W. Main St., Bloomsburg. Kreidler, Linda S., 308 Lehigh St., Wilkes-Barre. Linville, Falla Moorhead, 138 E. 5th St., Bloomsburg. Loftus, Anna M., 339 Scott St., Wilkes-Barre. Lorah, Mabel, 411 Delaware Ave., Pittston. Luhman, Harriet H., Oakfield, N. Y. Lydon, Mary Rose, 121 Broad St., Pittston. McCoy, Grace Bell, Lewistown, R. F. D. No. 2. McDonnell, Mary Elizabeth, 1334 Walnut St., Ashland. McDonnell, Sadie Marie, Centralia. Manley, Ursula Mary, 1414 Pittston Ave., Scranton. Marks, Gerald Ellsworth, 74 Academy St., Plymouth. Maurer, Edna Florence, 519 S. River St., Wilkes-Barre. Maust, Ruth M., Bloomsburg. Meenan, Gertrude, 1816 Pittston Ave., Scranton. Meixell, Helen Arline, Berwick R. D. No. 1. Menges, T. Amelia, Milton. Miller, Elizabeth G., 15 S. 3rd St., Ashland. Moran, Helen Frances, 1110 Diamond Ave., Scranton. Morgan, Arthur C, 117 W. Green St., Nanticoke. Nyhart, Robert Ulysses, 141 Main St., Glen Lyon. Papania, Elvira M., 260 W. Main St., Bloomsburg. Patterson, H. Ottis, 104 E. Main St., Bloomsburg. Pfahler, Elsie M., 74 Lockhart St., Wilkes-Barre. Porteus, Erma Mildred, 119 E. 5th St., Berwick. 93 BLOOMSBURG 94 Reichart, Esther Lillian, 613 N. Manhattan St., Hazleton. Reimard, Catherine Alice, 321 West St., Bloomsburg. Remensnyder, Anna Marie, Shickshinny. Renner, Grace Vincent, 33 Queen St., Northumberland. Reynolds, Margaret T., 26 Liberty St., Wilkes-Barre. Robbins, Rhoda Z., 229 Market St., Bloomsburg. Roberts, Anna H., 38 S. Walnut St., Mt. Carmel. Robinson, Olive Oliver, Honesdale. Schools, Helen Everett, 123 N. 1st St., Lehighton. Schraeder, Frank Clemens, 274 Coal St., Glen Lyon. Seely, Catherine A., Berwick. Seltzer, Alva A., Ringtown. Shuman, Agnes Evangeline, 418 East St., Bloomsburg. Shuman, Sarah Clementine, Mainville. Smith, Mary Agnes, 537 S. Market St., Bloomsburg. Steele, Elizabeth Muir, 206 E. Dewart St., Shamokin. Stover, Mildred E., 604 Bromley Ave., Scranton. Summers, Margaret Ruth, Bloomsburg R. D. No. 2. Sutton, Margaret Marie, Wyoming R. D. Swortwood, Burrell, Mountain Top. Sweetwood, Ida J., Centre Hall. Troutman, Marion Helen, 222 W. Sunbury St., Shamokin. Walbourn, Kathryn Louise, 51 Westminister St., Wilkes-Barre. Walton, Helen Gould, 113 S. Main St., Plains. Warner, Meta V., Wapwallopen. Wayne, Hazel B., 442 Ridge St., Bloomsburg. White, Marion C, 127 S. Grant St., Wilkes-Barre. Williams, Gertrude Louise, 256 College Ave., Kingston. Williams, Mary E., 660 Main St., Sugar Notch. Willits, Martha lone, 42 King St., Northumberland. Woodring, Dorothy Elizabeth, St. Johns. Young, Priscilla Alfreda, 525 S. River St., Wilkes-Barre. Zelinski, Agnes E., Cressona. Zierdt, Marguerite A., 127 N. Church St.. Hazleton. COLLEGE PREPARATORY COURSE Castellani, Peter C. F., Knedler, J. Warren, Medical Preparatory, Old Forge. Jr., Classical, Moscow. Perkins, Elsie R., Classical, 84 Academy St., Wilkes-Barre. Rentschler, Henry D., Jr., Medical Preparatory, Ringtown. Rosell, Victor Julio, General Science and Agriculture, Trujillo, Peru, S. A. Smith, Mary Agnes, Latin Scientific. Bloomsburg. Wigfull, Elizabeth, Latin Scientific, Bloomsburg. MUSIC COURSES SUPERVISOR OF PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC Barndt, Hester, Catawissa. Hancock, Mary, 98 Merritt St., PIANO Barndt, Hester, Catawissa. Hancock, Mary, Plains. Patterson, Rowena, Nescopeck. Young, Ruth, Catawissa. Plains. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL VIOLIN Ludwig, Miriam, Catawissa. COMMERCIAL COURSE Brown, Claude C, Light Street. Emmitt, John F., Danville R. D. No. 1. Girton, Maxwell, Danville R. D. No. 1. Harrington, Mary E., Jamison City R. F. D. Harter, Roland, 416 E. 5th St., Berwick. Heiss, K. Margaret, Mifflinville. Howell, Helen, Espy. McDyer, Grace Marie, 111 Phillip St., Coaldale. Mauser, Pauline Danville. Steward, Arthur Eugene, Lime Ridge. CLASS SECRETARIES M. Garman. 1871. J. 1875. 1876. 1878. 1880. 1882. 1883. Lorena G. Evans. Mary J. Hunt. 1885. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. Cora Hagenbuch Holmes. 1893. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. C. D. Andreas. Celeste Kitchen (Prutzman). Nora M. Fenney (Mrs. L. P. Sterner). G. J. Clark. Mary P. Sheep. Annie Supplee (Mrs. Helen Barton John. Lulu M. McAlarney. C. C. Major. J. B. Nuss). Anna E. Stair. Eva E. Dintinger (Mrs. E. D. Frick). Mary Detwiler (Mrs. E. E. Brader). Florence Kitchen (Mrs. C. Fullmer). Susan B. Bodmer. Clara M. Swank. Ira A. Ziegler. Bessie H. Davis (Mrs. Robert H. Carson) Esther Abbott. Harriet Fry. Mollie Moran. Maud Davis. J. Lee Tiffany. Mabel Hartzell (Zarri. Bertha H. Bacon. Marion Smith. Julia Simpler. Bertha V. Polley. Mabel VanReed. Ruth Nicely. Eda G. Miller. Beatrice H. Roth. Florence B. Maxey. Ruth Smith. Ruth G. Pope. Alva. Seltzer. SJ5 INDEX Admission to Four Years' Course Alumni Associations Athletics, Control of Auditorium, The Boxes from Home Buildings Calendar Certificates 14 87 50 57 65 57 3 16 and Diplomas Class Deans Class Memorials 65 72 Course of Study Contests 11 62 67 Damages Departments: Arts College Preparatory 40 50 52 26 22 27 Commercial History and Civics Languages Mathematics Pedagogical Physical Education 18 46 29 62 60 Sciences Discipline Elevator, Passenger Expenses Faculty, 68-69 7-64 57 91 The General Information Graduates of 1919 Gymnasium, The 48 Hospital Infirmary 61 61 67 61 Laundry Regulations Lecture Course, The Students' Library, The 58 Literary Societies 61 Location 57 67 22 60 64 60 39 62 Outfits Outline of Four Years' Course Recreation Rooms Religion and Morals Science Hall School Agriculture and Nature Study School Periodical Standing Committees State Aid State Board of Education State Examinations, Rules for 5 68 5 14 Students' Rooms Students, List of Students, Summary of Summer Session Teachers, Application for Training School, The Trustees, Board of Visiting and Going 60 74 87 70 67 19 5 Home Young Men's Christian Association Young Women's Christian Association (96) 65 64 64