VOL.XXll

IITLY 1917

B.S.N.S. QUARTERLY

CATALOG NUMBER,

w

r5

U
1

9

NO.4

VIEWS OF NORMAL

CALENDAR
OF THE

BLOOMSBURG

STATE NORMAL
SCHOOL
Sixth

District

BloomsDurg, Columbia County
Pennsylvania

1917=1918

PRESS OF

SUN PRINTING

&

BINDING CO.

WlLLIAMSPORT. PA

BLOOMSBURG

CALENDAR

1917

1918

FALL TERM
Weeks

13

Opens Tuesday, September

4,

1917.

December

Philologian Anniversary, Saturday
Closes Saturday,

December

1,

1,

1917.

1917.

1917—1918

WINTER TERM
13

Opens Monday, December
Beginning

of

Weeks
3,

1917.

Christmas Vacation, Friday, December

21,

1917.

Work resumed

Thursday, January

3,

1918.

Calliepian Anniversary, Friday, February 22, 1918.

Closes Saturday,

March

9,

1918.

1918

SPRING TERM
14

Opens Monday, March

Weeks

11, 1918.

Easter Vacation begins Friday, March 22, 1918.
Work resumed Tuesday, April 2, 1918.

Magee Contest

April

9,

1918.

Second Year Contest, Saturday, May 11, 1918.
Recital, Music Department, Saturday, June 15, 1918.
Baccalaureate Sermon, Sunday 3.30 P. M., June 16, 1918.
Entertainment by Junior Class, Monday, 8.15 P. M., June
17, 1918.

Class Reunions, Tuesday, 2.00 to 5.00 P. M., June
Class

Day

18, 1918.

Exercises Tuesday, 8.15, June 18, 1918.
10.00 A. M., June 19, 1918.

Commencement, Wednesday,

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
WILLIAM LAUDER
DR. JOHN P. GARBER
ROBERT C. SHAW

Riddlesburg and Harrisburg
Philadelphia

Greensburg

DR.

TEMPLETON
M. COUGHLIN
NATHAN C. SCHAEFFER

DR.

J.

E. S.

Greenville

JAMES

Wilkes-Barre
Harrisburg

GEORGE BECHT

Executive Secretary

Harrisburg

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
A. Z.

SCHOCH
C. BROWN. .Vice President and
DAVID L. GLOVER, 1919
CHARLES W. MILLER, Esq.,
PAUL E. WIRT, Esq., 1918.

JAMES

.

HON. VORIS AUTEN,
M. G.

YOUNGMAN,

L. E.

MeGINNES,

President, 1919

Secretary, 1919

1917

1917.

1918.

1918.

BENJAMIN APPLE, 1917
D. J. WALLER, Jr., (Ex-Officio)

WM.

H.

HIDLAY,

Treasurer.

BLOOMSBURG

STANDING COMMITTEES
The President

Board

of the

is

a

member

of all

committees

Instruction and Discipline

PAUL

E.

WIRT

J.

C.

BROWN

McGINNES

L. E.

Grounds and Buildings
J.

C.

BROWN

BENJAMIN APPLE
M. G.

YOUNGMAN

Household

PAUL E. WIRT

HON. VORIS AUTEN
D. L.

GLOVER

Finance
C.

W. MILLER

M. G.

YOUNGMAN

BENJAMIN APPLE
Credit and Collection

M. G.

PAUL

YOUNGMAN
L. E.

ees

is

WIRT

McGINNES

the By-laws the President of the Board is a
of all committees, and by resolution of the Trust-

Under

member

E.

chairman

of

Household Committee.

BLOOMSBURG

THE FACULTY AND OTHER
OFFICERS
Arranged

in

Groups According to the Seniority
of Heads of Departments
D.

WALLER,

J.

of

Appointment

Jr.,

Principal

ANNA McBRIDE
Preceptress

WILBUR,

G. E.

A.M.,

Higher Mathematics

WM.

SUTLIFF,

B.

A.M.,

Mathematics

KEGERREIS,

A. E.

A.B, M.Pd

,

Arithmetic and Algebra
F. H.

JENKINS,

A.M.,

Registrar
J. G. COPE, M.E.,
Natural Philosophy and Chemistry

MARY

A.

GOOD,

B.P.,

Chemistry

Chemistry
C. H.

ALBERT,

M.E., A.M.,

Geografy
0. H.

BAKELESS,

Theory and Practice

Principal of

of

A.M.,

Teaching

Model School and

HELEN

F.

Critic

CARPENTER,

Teacher

M.E.,

Critic

and Model School Teacher

Critic

and Model School Teacher

MABEL MOYER

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

EDITH MAIZE,
Methods, Critic and Model School Teacher
D.

HARTLINE,

S.

A.M.,

Biological Sciences

BESS HINCKLEY,
Assistant in Biology

KIMBER KUSTER
SAMUEL BEISHLINE
Assistants in Biology

JAMES

T.

GOODWIN

Stenography, Typewriting and Commercial Branches
A.

BRUCE BLACK,
Penmanship

J.

FOOTE,

C.

Litt.B.,

English

MRS. ELLEN SCHOONOVER
English

GLADYS

E.

TEELE,

A.B.,

English

RUTH SOUTHWICK
Reading and Literature

MRS.

J.

K.

MILLER,

Violin, Pianoforte,

Ensemble,

SARA HORBLIT
Pianoforte,

Harmony and Theory and

History of Music

MABEL

H. RICH,
Voice and Public School Music

ELLA

C.

RITCHIE,

B.S.,

Librarian and Instructor in Library

ADELE

E.

McQUISTON

Assistant Librarian

WILLIAM BRILL, AB,
History and Civics

Economy

BLOOMSBURG

10

LUCY MARIE SHOVER,
Drawing, Painting and History

of

Art

JOHN W. WEIMER
Director of Physical Culture

BERTHA SCHOOLS,
Associate Director of Physical Culture

FANNY

M. MITCHELL,

Domestic Science
H. G. TEEL, A.M.,
Latin and Greek

VIRGINIA DICKERSON, M.E,
Latin

DOROTHY

I.

MORRILL,

A.M.,

German and Latin
G.

EDWARD ELWELL,

Jr.,

A.B,

French

PAUL

L.

CRESSMAN

Manual Training

MRS. THERESA

HEHL HOLMES

Nurse

PERRY FREAS
Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds

STANDING COMMITTEES OF FACULTY
Advisory Board in Athletics

J.

G.

WM.

COPE
B. SUTLIFF

J.

C.

J.

W.

FOOTE

WEIMER

Public Entertainments

THE PRINCIPAL

C. H.

ALBERT

BLOOMSBURG

12

OUTLINE OF FOUR YEARS' NORMAL
SCHOOL COURSE
(As finally revised and adopted December 30th, 1910)

This course

is

based on the "unit" plan as proposed by

The Carnegie Foundation.
"A unit" represents a

year's study in any subject in a
secondary school, constituting approximately a quarter of a
full year's work.

designed to afford a standard of measin a secondary school.
It takes
the four-year high school course as a basis and assumes that
the length of the school year is from thirty-six to forty
weeks that a period is from forty to sixty minutes in length,
and that the study is pursued for four or live periods a week
but, under ordinary circumstances, a satisfactory year's
work in any subject can not be accomplished in less than one
hundred and twenty-six minute hours or their equivalent.
Schools organized on a different basis can nevertheless estimate their work in terms of this unit).
(This statement

urement

for the

is

work done

;

;

Students admitted to the First Year shall have a fair
of Arithmetic, Reading, Orthografy, Penmanship, United States History, Geografy, Grammar, Physiology, Civics, and the elements of Algebra to Quadratics.
Test by Faculty.

knowledge

First

Year

No. of 60 min. periods or No. of 45 min. periods.
120
160
Algebra
120
160
Latin or German
160
School Management and School Law 120
40
30
Orthografy
40
50
Reading and Public Speaking
100
80
Ancient and Medieval History
50
40
Physical Geografy
100
80
Arithmetic

Grammar
Vocal Music
Physical Training
Manual Training or Domestic Science

120
40

160
50

60
40

80
50

1160

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

13

Second Year
No.

of 60 min. periods or

Plane Geometry
Rhetoric, Composition, Classics

120
120

Botany

80
40
40
80
120
120
80
60

Zoology
Civics

Modern History and English History
Caesar or German
General Methods
Drawing
Physical Training

No.

of 45 min. periods.

160
160
100
50
50
100
160
160
100
80

1120

German may be

substituted for Latin in the

first

and second

years.

Third Year

No. of 60 min. periods or No.
Psychology and Observation
120
Cicero, German or French
120
Literature, Eng. and Am.
80
History, U. S.

Geografy
Physiology and School Sanitation
Solid Geometry and Trigonometry
Methods in History and Geografy
Chemistry
Physical Training

60
60
60
120
80
120
60

of 45 min. periods
160
160
100

80
80
80
160
100
160
80
1160

may
may

In the third year Economics or the History of Arts and Science
be substituted for Cicero, or German. Geology or Astronomy
be substituted for Solid Geometry or Trigonometry.

Fourth Year
No.
Practice Teaching

History of Education

of 60 min. periods or

120

80
Agriculture and Nature Study
80
Arithmetic
40
Grammar
40
Methods in Arithmetic and English
80
Virgii, German and French
120
Public Speaking
40
Physics
120
Drawing
40
Manual Training or Domestic Science 40
Physical Training
60

No. of 45 min. periods
160
100
100

50
50
100
160
50
160
50
50

80
1110

In the fourth year Ethics, Rural School Problems and Sociology
may be substituted for Virgil or German. Philosophy of Education,
or Surveying may be substituted for Ethics, Rural School Problems
or Sociology.

BLOOMSBURG

14

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EXTENT
OF WORK IN CURRICULUM
I.

Agriculture.
As presented

II.

in the

books

of E. G.

Taylor or Bailey, Warren.

Algebra.
First Year.
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

Review

of fundamental operations including factoring.
Fractions, including ratio and simple proportion.
Simple equations with a study of graphs.
Involution and evolution.
Quadratic equations.
Radical equations.
Theory of exponents.

8.

Binomial theorems.

9.

Practical problems.

In order to complete this work

in a year, the student should have
in algebra before entering.
Quickness and acare predominant aims in the work.

work

had a

full

year's

curacy

of

thought

Arithmetic.

III.

First Year.
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Drill in the fundamental operations with integers, decimals
and fractions.
Denominate numbers, omitting tables that are not in common use.
Mensuration and surfaces.

Percentage and its application.
Interest, including discount.

7.

Ratio, and simple proportion.
Involution and evolution.

8.

Drawing

6.

9.

10.
11.

plans, plots,

and maps

to scale.

Metric system.
Practical problems of all kinds.
Frequent reviews and drills.

Fourth Year.
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

Intensive study of arithmetical principles involved in the
fundamental operations in integers, fractions, and decimals.
Practical mensuration.
Miscellaneous problems.
Drills demanding alertness and accuracy.
Oral work.
Emphasize the importance of good English in all solutions.
Metric system.
Study of banking, stock market, money and other sources of
arithmetical problems.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

15

Botany.

IV.
1.

Purpose and differences among plants.

2.

Methods

4.

of reproduction.
Plant food and plant physiology.
Division of labor and functions.

5.

Growth.

3.

7.

Movement and response to stimuli.
Seed, fruit, and domestication.

8.

Ecology.

9.

Practical application of Botany.
Analysis and classification of plants.
Plant pathology.

6.

10.
11.

Suggested texts

— Bergen,

Leavitt, Andrews.

Chemistry.

V.
1.

Structure of matter.

2.

Elements
Study of
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Study of
Chemical

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

and compounds.

common

the

elements.

laws.
theories.

mathematics.

common compounds.
reactions.

Application of Chemistry.
At least 40 periods of laboratory work.

9.

10.

Suggested texts

— Remsen,

Peters.

Domestic Science.

VI.
1.

2.

3.

VII.

Sewing, judging materials as to quality, suitability, worth,
&c. Development of skill.
Cooking, judging materials, combinations menus- preparation and serving. Demonstration to be made by teacher.
Principles of home construction, furnishing, decorating and
care, ventilation, heat, light, &c.

—

—

Drawing.
First Year.

2.

Freehand drawing from
Mechanical drawing.
Second Year.

3.

Design.

4.

Composition

5.
6.

Color work.
Sketching.

7.

Methods

1.

VIII.

of

objects.

— Principles.
teaching children.

Ethics.

As

in

Mackenzie or Robinson's Principles and Practice

Morals.

Peabody's Moral Philosophy.

of

BLOOMSBURG

16

IX.

French.

1.

Elements

First Year.
2.
3.
4.

of

grammar.

Conversation.
Composition.
Reading. See German,

g.

e.

&

Frazer

Squair.

Second Year.

X.
1.

2.
3.

4.

XL

Grammar, Composition, Reading, Conversation,
of High School Manual.
Geology.
Physiografy.
Minerals and rocks.
History of Geology.
Field work with notes,

e. g.

e.

g.

Texts

Brigham.

Geografy.
Physical.

A

course equivalent to that given in text-book like Gilbert and
Brigham, Introduction to Physical Geografy, emphasizing the following points:

3.

Heating and motions of the earth with effects
Atmosphere and weather.
Land, agents at work and leading forms.

4.

Shore forms.

5.

Field

1.

Third year
Political.
History of geografy.

2.

Review

3.

Field work.

1.

2.

4.
5.

XII.

Work.

work

to include:

of facts.

Maps and map

drawing.

Topographical U.
Suggested texts

S.

Maps.

— Redway

and Hinman, Roddy.

Geometry.
Plane.

1.

2.
3.

Study

of the five books.
Correlate algebra, arithmetic and geometry.
Practical problems.
Solid.

Continue the work of the preceding year. Make and use models
and devote considerable time to practical problems based upon the
demonstrations.

XIII.

German.
First Year. Elements of
hoeft or Birrwith.

1.

2.
3.

4.

grammer,

e.

g.

Joynes

&

Wessel-

Conversation on familiar subjects and incidents.
Composition.
Memory work choice, simple poems.
Reading, stress on oral translation and about 40 pages
simple German, e. g. Im Vaterland, or Immensee.

—

of

BLOOMSBURG

18

Second Year.
1.

2.

XIV.
1.

Grammar.
Composition, and reading and translation,
Die Jungfrau von Orleans, or equivalent.

Wm.

Tell,

and

Grammar.
In the first year the work in Grammar should be of the
usual academic character, familiarizing the student with
parsing, analysis,

Suggested

texts

and practical use

— Maxwell's

Grammar, Reed &

of correct syntax.

Advanced Lessons

Kellogg's

Carpenter's, Guerber's English

in

English

Higher Lessons in English,

Grammar, Steps

in English,

Lyte's.
2.

In the fourth year attention should be given more largely to
the grammatical structure of selected sentences, and to the
historical phases of English Grammar.
Suggested texts Kimball's, The English Sentence, Sandwick & Bacon's High School Word Book, Baskerville &
Sewell's Structure of the English Sentence.

—

XV.

History.
Ancient and Medieval.

1.

As much

as

is

offered under this heading in Myer's General

Modern.
As much as

is

offered in Myer's General History

History.
2.

under

this

heading.

United States.
As much as is offered

3.

in

Morris, Channing or Elson,

Mc-

Laughlin.
Civics.
4.

Present system of Nation and State government, historic development of American government, National and State
constitutions.

Suggested texts

— Philips,

Maltby, Shimmell, Guerber, Flick-

inger.

XVI.

History of Education.
The

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

following subjects should be included:

Biografy of great educators.
History of important systems.
History of great schools.
Special history of the more common subjects of study.History of important methods. Kemp.

% "

—

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

XVII.

19

Latin.
First Year.

1.

2.

of Grammar and vocabulary of at least 500 words
thoro preparation to read Caesar.
Second Year.
Three books of Caesar, and equivalent for the fourth, with
close attention to Grammar and Roman History of the

Elements

period.

Third Year.
3.

Cicero, six orations, including Manilian Law, with special
attention to composition and English derivatives.

Fourth Year.
4.

six books; composition;
ology and poetic forms.

Virgil,

XVIII.

special

attention to myth-

Literature.

English and American.
As a foundation to an appreciation of the field of English and
American Literature, enough time should be given to the
History of Literature to enable the pupil to know the
"periods" and the eminent literary lights of each.
Chief emphasis should be given to the study of the masterpieces themselves, presenting enough variety to make the
learner familiar with the style of the authors given in the
historic survey.
Suggested texts Tappan, English and American Literature,
Halleck's Literature, Matthews' American Literature, Painter, Simons, Brander Matthews' Int. to American Literature, Standard edition of Classics, preferably those required for college entrance.

—

XIX.

Logic.
As in Jevons

XX.

&

Hill, or

Taylor, Atwater.

Manual Training.

Wood

working,* basketry, and clay modeling in art department.

XXI.

Methods General.
Should present such subjects

1.

2.

as:

Aims

of education.
Conditions to be studied.

3.

Equipment.

4.

Technique.

5.

Methods

in Reading and Penmanship and other elementary
subjects not given special time in schedule.
Suggested texts Smith, Thorndyke Murray.

—

XXII.
I.

Methods

in Arithmetic.

The course
b.

of study.
Elimination.
State course of study.

c.

Other courses.

a.

*Refer to bench woodwork under Manual Arts Course.

BLOOMSBURG

20

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

How
How

to teach arithmetic in the primary grades.
to teach in the grammar schools.
Sources for problems in the community life.
Devices for teaching arithmetic.
The literature of the subject.
Discussion of the pedagogical problems of the subject.

Methods

XXIII.
1.

2.
3.
4.
0.
6.
7.

in

History and Geografy.

Psychology

of perception
Definition of the field of

and memory.
History and Geografy.

Correlation with other subjects.
Apparatus.
Plans and devices.
Exercises, maps, and equipment.
Causes and conditions of historic development.

XXIV.

Orthografy.
words

Spell all

in

common

use, all special

terms found in the

subjects of study.

This exercise should be continued at least once a week, thruout
the year wherein spelling is not a required subject of the
course.
ler,

XXV.

—

High School Word and
Hicks' Rational Speller, Rice.

Suggested texts

Book Champion

Spel-

Physics.
Purposes.

To

3.

give the student a clear knowledge of the elementary
principles of physics as applied to practical life.
To store the mind of the student with the great fundamental
truths and laws of physical science.
To develop in the student the power to manipulate apparatus

4.

Study

1.

Courses.
Properties of matter.

2.

Mechanics

1.

2.

in the

3.

performance

of experiments.

to be based on laboratory work.

of solids, liquids

and

gases.

Forces of heat, magnetism and electricity, sound and light.
Suggested texts Milikan & Gale, Sharpless & Philips.

—

XXVI.

Physiology.
Shall present the subjects:

1.

Anatomy.

2.

Physiology.

3.

Hygiene.
Physical welfare of school children, civic obligations as
gards health of individual.
Suggested texts Davison, Coler, Peabody.

—

XXVII.
1.

2.
3.

Psychology.

Physiological basis of Psychology.
The presentative faculties.
The representative faculties

re-

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

4.

Thinking and Reasoning.

6.

The
The

7.

Child Psychology.

5.

21

feelings.
will.

application of psychological principles to pedagogy
should be the constant aim of the work.
Suggested texts, James' Briefer Course, Betts, Baldwin.

The

XXVIII.

Reading and Public Speaking.

year this work should consist chiefly in getting the
ability to read the various types of literature in a clear,
easy, and expressive manner. Attention should not be
directed much to the rules of public speaking, but to the
formation of the habit of plain reading.

In the

first

In the fourth year the emphasis should be placed upon the rules
of effective public speaking, and each member of the class
should have not less than two formal appearances before
an audience of more than just the members of the class.
Reading.
Suggested texts Evolution of Expression, Emerson, Cummock
& Baldwin's Readers; any standard reading book, Southwick's Steps to Oratory; MacEwen's Essentials of Argumentation, Shurter's Public Speaking.

—

XXIX.

Rhetoric, Composition and Classics.

This work should aim at making the learner familiar with the
subject as given in a standard text in Rhetoric; at establishing within the learner the power (and then the habit) of
embodying these principles in his own composition work;
and at familiarizing him with literary classics which illustrate the various types of composition.
Suggested texts Lockwood & Emerson's Rhetoric; Carpenter's
Rhetoric; Woolley's Mechanics of Writing; Genung's Rhetoric; Damon & Herrick's Rhetoric; Maxwell & Smith's
Composition and Rhetoric; Hill's Rhetoric; Deatrick's
Analytics of Poetry; Painter's Guide to Literary Criticism;
Webster's English Composition and Literature; Shatford,
Judson.
In so far as they suit our grades, the Classics required for college entrance; (the chief use to which classics should be
put in this part of the course, is that of illustrating the
various types of composition and the rhetorical excellence
in them.)

—

XXX.

School Management.
Present such subjects as:

2.

Classification of pupils.
Study of individual pupils.

3.

Recitations and examinations.

4.

Rewards and punishments.
Moral Culture.

1.

5.

Suggested texts— Seeley, White, Wickersham.

II

I

1

<c

H

Ail

l

lQ

li l lll

<

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

XXXI.

23

School Sanitation.

Shall present the subject of:
1.

Lighting.

2.

Heating.

3.

Ventilating.
Seating. Shaw.

4.

XXXII.

Trigonometry.

1.

Trigonometric functions.

2.

The

3.

4.

right triangle.

Geniometry.
Logarithms.

5.

The oblique

6.

Practical problems with field work.

XXXIII.

triangle.

Surveying.

1.

Study instruments

2.

Land

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

for office

and

field

work.

surveying.
Triangulation.
Leveling.
Railroad work.
City surveying.
Plotting, blue prints, copying, etc.

XXXIV.

Zoology.

—

3.

Plants and Animals Relations.
of animal types.
Periods in life of animal.

4.

Social instincts

5.

Reproduction.

6.
7.

Birds.
Insects, including

8.

Evolution.

9.

Laboratory and field work.
Suggested texts— Davison, Coulter, Colton & Herrick.
We recommend Chemistry in the Third year and Physics in
the Fourth. Adopted.

1.

2.

Study

XXXV.

and

habits.

economic entomology.

Music

Require

for the course in vocal music that which will fit the students to meet the requirements of the course of study for

elementary schools.

Year Music

First

Shall present the subjects

:

Theory and

a.

Pitch.

b.

Rhythm.

c.

Scales.
Ear training.

d.
e.
f.

Transposition.
Notation.

practice

work

in

BLOOMSBURG

24

g.
h.

Original Melody Writing,
Sight singing.

The material is presented in the same manner to the
class that they will use in teaching the subject in the Public
Schools.

CONDITIONS OF ADMISSION TO THE
FOUR YEARS' COURSE
1.
Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsylvania high schools of the first grade and city high schools
as listed by the Department of Public Instruction, shall be
admitted to the third year of the Four Years' Course of the
State Normal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in the branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by such students.

2.
Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsylvania high schools of the second grade shall be admitted to
admitted to the third year of the Four Years' Course of the
Normal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in
the branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by
such students.
3.
Properly certified graduates of approved Pennsylvania high schools of the third grade shall be admitted to
the first year of the Four Years' Course of the State Normal Schools without examination, and be conditioned in the
branches that have not been satisfactorily completed by
such students.

A

4.
person who desires to be admitted to the second
or the third year without having previously attended an accredited high school, must have a certificate of a commissioned Superintendent of Schools, showing that he has pursued the branches of the first year or the first and second
years, with his standing in those branches, or must pass a
satisfactory examination by the Faculty in said branches, or
be conditioned in them. But the studies in which any one
is conditioned under this rule or any one of the rules above,
shall not foot up more than 320 weeks.
5.
If the Faculty of any State Normal School or the
State Board of Examiners decide that a person is not prepared to pass an examination by the State Board, he shall
not be admitted to the same examinations at any other State
Normal School during the same school year.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

25

If a person who has completed the State Board ex6.
aminations required for admission to the classes of any year
at any State Normal School desires to enter another Normal
School, the Principal of the school at which the examination
was held shall send the proper certificate to the Principal of
the school which the person desires to attend.

Candidates for graduation shall have the opportuexamined in any higher branches, including
vocal and instrumental music and double entry book-keeping and all studies completed by them shall be named in
Persons who have been graduated may be
their certificate.
examined at any State examination in any higher branches,
and the Secretary of the Board of Examiners shall certify on
the back of their diplomas as to the passing of the branches
completed at said examination. No certificate or diploma
valid for teaching, except the one regularly issued by the
State Board of Examiners to regular graduates, shall be
issued by any State Normal School, or any person connected with any such school.
7.

nity of being

;

A

certificate setting forth the proficiency of all ap8.
plicants in all the studies in which they desire to be examined by the State Board of Examiners shall be prepared and
signed by the Faculty and presented to the Board. Studies
that have been completed at a high school shall be distinguished by the words "high school" or the initials "H. S."
separate list of each class shall be prepared for the use of
each examiner, together with a separate list of students conditioned in any branch, with the branches in which they
were conditioned, and the grades shall be indicated in every
list where substitution is made or extra branches are taken.
These lists shall be ready for the State Board before the examination begins.

A

9.
No State examination shall be given to any student
on part of a year's work unless the study is completed, but
(except in the last year's examination) a student may be

conditioned by the State Board of Examiners in not more
than two subjects, covering not more than one period of
work for a year. Accurate records of these conditions shall
be promptly sent to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the fact that the students thus conditioned have
taken up such subjects and passed them by the Faculty shall
be certified to in writing to the State Board of Examiners
before such students are admitted to another State Examination.

BLOOMSBURG

26

10.
Within fifteen days after the examination by the
State Board at any Normal School, the Principal of the
school shall send to the Department of Public Instruction a
complete list of all who have taken advanced branches, together with a list of these branches, also a list of those to
whom diplomas and certificates were granted, and a list of
those who passed the State examination in any year, naming
the year.
11.
Residence for the last two years shall be required of
students, except in the case of graduates of Four Years'
Courses in colleges approved by the College and University
Council, who may be graduated after one year's residence.

all

Certificates

and Diplomas

To each student on graduation is issued a Normal
Teacher's Certificate entitling the holder to teach any two
subsequent years in the public schools of the state. After
teaching for two full annual terms in the common schools of
the state he may receive the second or permanent State
Normal School Diploma.
To

good moral character and
by the board of directors
by whom he was employed, and countersigned by the county
superintendent of the county in which he taught, must be
presented to the Faculty and State Board of Examiners by
Blanks for this certificate will be furnished
the applicant.
on application.
They must be executed and returned to the
skill in

secure this, a certificate of
the art of teaching, signed

school before the time of the State Examinations.

A charge of
diploma.

fifty

cents

is

made

to cover cost of issuing

BLOOMSBURG

28

THE DEPARTMENTS
The
The aim

Professional Department

department is to make
as are needed to guide
the development of children. All the departments of the
school co-operate to this end by insisting on thorough
scholarship.
Thruout, emphasis is placed on the development of power to do, and on ideals to be followed.
The Junior Class makes a careful study of school sanitation, including plans of buildings, grounds, etc., and the
general conditions for the successful organization and manwell-rounded

of the school in this

men and women, such

agement of a school.
The Second Year Class takes an elementary survey of the
principles of General Method, considering the aims of Education, the problems of Interest, Apperception, Correlation,
etc., with special method work in Reading, Penmanship and
other elementary subjects not otherwise provided for in
the regular schedule.
The professional subject for the Junior Class is Psychology. The laws of mind, in their application to daily life
and the problems of the school-room, are here carefully and
practically considered.
brief course in genetic and educational psychology, acquaints the student with the more
fundamental results of modern child study. These courses
lead directly into and supplement the special method work,
which, with observation in the school, prepares for the practical work of the Fourth Year.
During the Senior Year the work of previous years is
supplemented, broadened and applied in daily teaching
under criticism. Reviews are given in different branches
for deeper insight, and to furnish a better basis for method.
The study of the History of Education also during this year
broadens the horizon and enlarges the experience of the
prospective teacher.

A

Psychology, Child Study and Method
All of these are connected as closely as possible with
actual work. In psychology, emphasis is laid on its applicaIn addition to
tions to questions of discipline and method.
a general knowledge of the child study movement, and of
the essential facts of physical and mental growth, the
Seniors are taught to test children for defects of sight and

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

29

hearing, and to make such observations as will enable them
to come into more helpful relations with their pupils.
The general methods are shown to follow from the psychology and child-study. Sufficient emphasis is placed upon special devices to enable the teacher to be at home in
her own school. Thruout, the students are led to see the
principles on which the methods are based, that they may

become more independent and self reliant, and hence more
ready to adapt their work in an intelligent manner to the
conditions they will meet.

Preparation for

Work

in

Ungraded Schools

as many teachers begin their work in country
The ardistricts, especial attention is given to their needs.
ranging of programs and adapting of methods are considered, as also the making of simple but helpful pieces of apparatus, the making and care of aquaria, the study of nature,
and in general the use of all the natural supplies for decoration and school work which location offers to the country
school, but which the teacher usually overlooks.

Inasmuch

Careful Practice Teaching

Several periods each day for the entire year are given
by members of the Senior class to teaching and observation.
An entire year of actual teaching is required under careful
supervision. The aim is to develop teachers who can plan
and carry out their own work.
Every teacher is led to think
over his work both before and after the practice teaching.
He is given a class for a definite number of weeks, and prepares in advance a written plan of work for the entire
period.
This is examined and criticised, as are also the
weekly and daily plans. At the close of the teaching period
he makes a summary of the work, and indicates where it
might have been improved. Each student has practice work
in at least four different grades, from first to ninth and often
in High School work.
The opportunity is afforded for students to receive
special training in music, drawing and gymnastics, under
the supervision of the heads of these departments. Students showing unusual ability in any particular branches
are given opportunity to specialize to an extent sufficient
to enable them to conduct departmental work.

The Model School
The Model

School, like the graded public schools, consists of nine grades.
Four experienced critic teachers in

BLOOMSBURG

30

separate rooms have charge of two grades each. Thus the
children receive the close attention of skilled specialists, and
the teaching by the Seniors is under constant and competent
inspection.
The children are also under the instruction of
the regular teachers in Physical Training in the gymnasium.
Realizing the growing interest in the subject of music,
the Normal School is laying special stress upon the training of the children of the Model School in Vocal Music.
The children are taught the fundamental principles of
rhythm, pitch, sight-singing, ear training, original melody
writing.
One lesson a week is devoted to teaching the
pupils how to listen to music by means of illustrations on
the Victrola. The various stages of mental development
are considered and the work is presented in accordance with
the conclusion of the leading authorities on "Child Study".

—

THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
The study of the English branches extends thruout the
four years of the course, and the work required is designed
to meet fully the suggestions embodied in the outline given
by the State Board of Education.
In addition to the training received thru meeting the
requirements of the various courses, the two literary societies afford opportunity for valuable benefits in their weekly
meetings.
brief description of the courses will indicate the
nature and the scope of the work required.

A

FIRST YEAR
I.

Grammar and

Composition.

(40 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per

week)

of this course is to make the student familiar with the
essential grammatical facts and to provide such practical training as
Much time is given to
will enable him to use the language correctly.

The aim

drill

work.
1.

A

2.

A

The course

includes:

study of the sentence, employing both the oral and dia-

gram methods
3.
4.

of analysis.

study of the parts of speech.
Exercises to correct common grammatical mistakes.
Practical composition work, including some drill

in

letter

writing.
II.

Orthografy.
(13 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per

week)

All words in common use and special terms found in the subjects of study are spelled and denned. The course also includes a
study of the etymology of words, phonics, and the rules of spelling.

at

cd

P
>>

BLOOMSBURG

32

Reading and Public Speaking.

III.

week)

(13 weeks, 4 periods per

may interpret in the
his own thots and those of the masters of
of the first year, the aim is to interest the
student in the study of the various forms of literature, making him
realize the value of the thots he is receiving.
This will create in
him a desire to express these thots to others.
The purpose

is

to so train the pupil that he

and highest sense
literature.
In the work
truest

SECOND YEAR
I.

Rhetoric and Composition.
(40 weeks, 4 or 5 periods per

week)

This course aims to give the student ease, force, and
the use of language. It includes the study of:
(1)

Words.

(2)

Sentences.
Paragrafs.

(3)
(5)

The Composition
The four forms

(6*

position, and argumentation;
Letter writing.

(4)

II.

as a whole.
of discourse,

narration,

skill

description,

in

ex-

and

Classics.

The
for the

classics which are read during this year of the course are
most part selected from the College Entrance Requirements,

and are correlated with the composition requirements, especially as
illustrations of the forms of discourse.

THIRD YEAR
Literature, English

and American.

(27 weeks, 5 periods per
I.

week)

History.

A

text

is

used for the purpose of outlining the great literary
of each period.

movements, the great periods, and the eminent writers
Mere biografical facts are not unduly emphasized.
II.

Classics.

A

large proportion of the members of the Junior class are graduates of high schools that partially or fully cover the College Entrance
Requirements in their courses. The classics selected by us for study
and reading are usually from the College Entrance lists, tho others
are chosen whenever they seem to meet the special needs of our
classes.
are able to say that many of our graduates have more
than fulfilled the College Entrance Requirements. Occasional compositions are required in connection with this course. Emphasis is
placed upon practical and pedagogical facts, as well as upon the
literary facts and ideals usually considered.
One period per week
is usually given over to required reading in the school library.

We

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

33

FOURTH YEAR
I.

Grammar, Review.

(13 weeks, 4 periods per week)
In this course emphasis is placed upon the sentence as the unit
Groups of selected sentences are studied anof grammatical study.
In
alytically, tho the value of constructive work is not minimized.
connection with this term's review, frequent opportunities are afforded for the consideration of methods. Attention is also given to
the historical phases of English Grammar.

II.

Methods

in English.

week)
most effectively considered

(13 weeks, 4 periods per

Methods

Grammar

in conThis term's work, however, includes
the study of methods from the broader standpoint of the English
in

are
nection with the review course.
subjects,

and the aim

is

to give practical help to

young

teachers.

Public Speaking.

III.

1 period per week)
placed upon the rules of effective public speaking.
That the course may be of especial value to teachers, the various forms
of public speaking are taken into consideration, such as recitals, debates, and extemporaneous speaking. As often as possible, opportunities are given for appearance before an audience.

(40 weeks,

Emphasis

is

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES
FRENCH
FIRST YEAR
1.

Pronunciation.

2.

Elements

3.

of

Grammar.

Translation of English into idiomatic French.
Particular attention paid to the irregular verb.
Reading of about 200 pages of simple French.
Fraser & Squair's Shorter Course; La Belle France, A. de

Mouvert.

SECOND YEAR
1.

2.

Review

of pronunciation
Translation selected.

—

and grammar.

GERMAN
FIRST YEAR
1.

2.

Elements of Grammar.
Reading and composition based on the translation.

3.

Conversation.

4.

Memorizing

of choice, simple

poems.

SECOND YEAR
1.

Grammar.

2.

Composition.

3.

Reading

4.

Conversation.

— selected

to

meet the needs

of the class.

BLOOMSBURG

34

THIRD YEAR
Reading

— selected,

3.

including one classical drama.
Conversation.
Advanced Composition.

1.

Reading

1.

2.

FOURTH YEAR

—

works

selected from the

of the best

German authors.
made of the

In connection with the reading a brief study will be

literary activities of the men whose works are studied.
Conversation.
Prose composition, writing of connected narrative.

and

lives

2.
3.

LATIN
FIRST YEAR
Elementary Latin
Elements
1.
2.
3.
4.

grammar.

of

Prose composition.
A basic vocabulary.
Short selections from Caesar and other writers.

SECOND YEAR
Caesar

Thoro review of declensions and conjugations leading
more intensive study of grammatical forms.

1.

2.
3.

to

a

Drill in construction work.
Translation three books of Caesar and an equivalent of the
fourth. Special emphasis is placed upon the clarity of
thought produced in the student's mind when translating
attention to historical details sight translation.

—

—

—

THIRD YEAR
Cicero

Translation

1.

lian

—

(a)

—six

Prescribed-

Law.

(b) Sight translation
Prose composition.
Emphasis on Syntax.

orations, including the

Mani-

— selected.

FOURTH YEAR
Virgil

—

2.
3.

4.

—

Translation (a) Prescribed six books of the Aeneid.
selected.
(b) Sight translation
Mythology, history and forms of ancient philosophy.

—

Poetical construction.
Scansion.

FIFTH YEAR
1.

— selected

from Livy, Horace, Tacitus, etc. Correlation of translation with existent historical, social and

Translation

economic

factors.

Advanced prose composition and grammar.
Thruout the entire course emphasis is placed upon English
rivatives. In the Senior year one hour per week is devoted to
2.

de-

ad-

vanced prose composition. This is required of college preparatory
students studying Latin, but optional for other students.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

35

GREEK
FIRST YEAR
Elementary Greek
1.

2.

3.

Acquisition of vocabulary.
Translation easier portions of the Anabasis are included in
the selections.
Prose composition and grammar.

—

SECOND YEAR
Anabasis
Translation four books of the Anabasis, sight translation
1.
from the other books.
2.
Prose composition and grammar.
Correlation of historical and mythological studies with trans3.

—

lation.

THIRD YEAR
1.

Translation

2.

A

3.

—

—

Iliad selected parts.
further study of mythological and historical data, including social and political conditions.
Translation of narrative prose into Greek.

THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND

CIVICS

In order to enter upon and successfully complete the
work in the department of History and Civics, the student
must have done preliminary work in United States History,

including the geografy of the countries studied.

The course

in

"General History" during two terms of

the First Year comprises the study of the Eastern Nations,
Greece, Rome, and medieval history until the discovery of

America.

During two terms of the Second Year it comprises the
study of Modern History and English History.
During half of the third year the course in United States
History comprises a thorough study of the aboriginal period,
the period of discovery and exploration, the colonial period,
and the national period, together with the course in Civil
Government which comprises the study of a text book by a
recognized authority, embracing a treatment of local, state,
and national government. The origin, development, and
practical application of the constitution of the United States
receive emphasis thruout the course.
Senior Year (Coll. Prep.)

The courses in English, Grecian, and Roman
comprise a more thorough and exhaustive study

histories
of these

BLOOMSBURG

36

people.

The students have

where they may do

access to a well selected library
their research work.

Numerous maps and illustrations have been collected
with care. The maps are in colors and are closely correlated with the texts.
These are intended to show actual
conditions and to make the text clearer and more easily
understood.
Thruout these courses, reviews are given at regular intervals.

THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
The growth of the school and the increased demand for
instruction in science which came with the adoption of the
advanced courses of study, made it necessary to provide
larger laboratories, and to furnish them with the best apThis finally culminated in the erection of Science
paratus.
Hall, described elsewhere, in which excellent chemical, physThey
ical and biological laboratories have been fitted up.
are presided over by able scientists, who are also skilled
teachers of these subjects. The apparatus is ample, and of
high grade. No old-time book work in science is done, but
laboratory and field work with courses of reading and
original research.
Much use is made of the electric projector with microscope attachments to illustrate the work.

The

school

is

fortunate in

its

equipment and teaching

force for the work in science, and the students
the instructions are still more fortunate.

who

receive

Prospective medical students find the work in these
laboratories very helpful.

No additional tuition charge is made for instruction in
science, but students pay a fee to cover the cost of neces(See table of expenses).
sary chemicals, breakage, etc.

PHYSICS
The
One

present program for Physics

is

as follows:

45 min. period, daily, during the
terms, for text work.

fall

and winter

Two double periods per week during the spring term,
devoted to laboratory work and general review.

BLOOMSBURG

38

CHEMISTRY
In the Normal School course the aim of the department
to give the student a general knowledge of elementary
chemistry and to train him in scientific thinking.
due
share of time is given to actual laboratory work and a
constant effort is made to dovetail the facts of the science
with the facts of every-day life and industries.
is

A

Time devoted

to this course, 160 periods, 45 min. each.

In the Preparatory Collegiate course a special effort is
made to emphasize the laws, theories, and mathematics of
the science together with the applications, thus covering the
requirements and syllabi which students preparing for college have to consider.
Time devoted to this course, 160
periods, 90 min. each.

GEOGRAFY
The work in Geografy presupposes that the students
have had considerable training. When such is not the case
the preliminary work must be done.

The work

as outlined covers at least 2\ terms.

The Work Includes

A

1.
careful study of the Primary Axis of each Continent, or, as some term it
"The World Ridge". Following
this is a detailed study of the physiografy of each con-

—

tinent.
This includes primary and secondary mountain
ranges and peaks, river systems, and lakes.
2.
A detailed study of "geografic forces" including
their effect on surface and climate, and their action rendering the earth habitable for man.
3.
The introduction and application of elementary
Biology and History, in their relation to Geografy, and from
this, and the relation of the mineral, vegetable, and animal
worlds to the economic life of man.
of the foregoing, careful outline and relief
It is expected that
of the sections studied.
students will thus come to have in their minds a "living
picture" or map of any portion of the world of which they

Xote.

maps

may

are

In

all

drawn

subsequently read or hear.
A careful study of the commercial relations of the
world, interchange of commodities, divisions of labor, money
standards, purpose and duties of consuls, great highways,
4.

&c.

:

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

39

With the aid of photographs and cabinet specimens, a
study of raw products, exports and imports, manufactured
articles, world centers of manufacture, historic outline of the
growth

of

commerce and the

like,

are carefully introduced.

A

carefully selected cabinet forms a prominent
Note.
It includes
part of the apparatus in all the foregoing work.
samples of leading exports, and also those of hundreds of
imports from nearly every foreign country of the world.

Constant use is also made of geografic pictures, maps,
globes and other teaching aids.

ASTRONOMY AND GEOLOGY
For some time these have been taught in the Biological
Department. The Biological aspects have therefore been
clearly set forth.
The great conceptions of Evolutionary
processes have been carefully developed.

We

and

study
1.

Ideas of Space, Matter, Motion, Time.

2.

Ideas of the Heavens, Sky,

3.

Nebulae

— Histories

of

The Universe.

their

origin,

development,

fate.
4.

The

5.

Systems

6.

Birth of Planets and Satellites.

Stars, Constellations.
of

Heavenly Bodies.

7.

Earth Development.

8.

Life Conditions, Origin, Development.

9.

Local Geological Structures, Force, History.

1.

Sky Studies

By:

— Naked Eye, Telescopic.
—
—

Three out-door meetings. Many individual studies.
2.
Field Studies At least three trips Stream and
Ravine, Quarry and Mine, Mountain.
3.

Collections of Minerals, type rock specimens, FosLife forms and of (2) Results of actions of forces.

sils of (1)
4.

Laboratory Studies.

5.

Lectures, illustrated.

Text and Reference Studies.
The courses occupy 26 weeks of 5 meetings each, 45
minute periods.
In Geology a 90 minute period once a week.
Lectures and text studies are given % of the time.
6.

BLOOMSBUUG

40

Texts that have been used are McKready's Beginner's
Star Book, Todd's New Astronomy, Blackwelder and Barrow's Elements of Geology. These are changed yearly.

Note books,
are

made by

(1) Field and (2) Laboratory and Lecture,
the student.

BIOLOGY
Inasmuch as most of the schools from which our stucome give courses in Nature Study and General Science, we assume that they are ready for induction into the
more formal Scientific Study of the various bodies of knowledge comprised under this heading. And this is done by the
severer, more carefully systematized methods pursued in
dents

Laboratory Study. It is at once made plain to the student
must study not the matter only, but get his knowledge by a method new to him. He must learn a truth out
of a body, a structure, an act, a movement, or a process, a
behavior, a condition, a relation; a fact out of an act; a

that he

truth out of a structure a story out of a body a history
out of a movement, a process, a behavior, an attitude, a con;

;

dition, a relation.

This is different from reading words designed to give
him the same knowledge second hand, somebody's telling
of his learning, his reading.
Of course, the loose, hodgepodge method suited to the child's needs, and followed in
Nature Study and General Science, must still guide so that
the transition to the severer, more exact method of Science
will be made by as easy gradation as possible and without
the loss of the attractiveness, the interest in the rather more
pyrotechnical aspect of the matter as presented in Nature
Study and General Science. Nor must the value of the
matter as Nature Study material be lost sight of thruout,
inasmuch as we are preparing teachers.

Botany

The study

of plants

—not books about plants — lends

it-

very nicely to this transitional period in the students'
onward march. Plants, with their infinite variety of bodyform, their wonderful adaptations, their exquisite shapes,
their gorgeous colors, make their own and very direct and
very strong appeal, that finds a ready response in the student's developing mind. And they are alive, but not so
alive, that like the animals, they invite and develop in the
They do not
student's mind, prejudices, fears, disgusts.
bite, nor pinch, nor sting; they do not crawl, hop, walk, run,
self

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

41

jump, fly, swim away and they are so much more easily
handled and so much less complex in structure. Altogether
they furnish ideal conditions and material for the transition
period.
So it is our beginning subject. And we like to
begin its study in the spring of the year and lay heavy stress
on Field Studies of the living plant in life, at home, and at
work from this we go to the plant growing for use in the
laboratory; its body and activities are more minutely studied here; thence to the plant's body prepared so that the
plan of structure can be clearly observed passing from
gross, naked-eye features to the features that can be seen
only by use of microscope on body parts properly prepared
by the student now learning to do so, and with the eye now
properly trained for such seeing.
;

;

In laboratory talks, explanations, demonstrations, as
the students come upon the great truths, and in specially
directed lectures illustrated by projecting lantern, the bearings of these ideas upon what he shall see in higher forms
in the animal world, and finally in his own body structure,
functions, relations, are presented so as to bring him face
to face with the idea that the laws of life are the same as
there, only seen working in greater simplicity.
The correlation of this with Zoology and Human Physiology, then,
is

clear enough.

But the plant's use of the soil, the present plant's ancestry, the plant's distribution over the earth, makes the
student take many a longing look towards physical geografy
and geology. And as he lingers over it he wants to know
how conditions came to be so that these of Earth's children
could so live and he will want to know the story of the
stars and the evolution of this particular one
i. e. he wants
to study Astronomy.
;

—

And the look forward into School Agriculture is taken
many times when the promise of inviting activities must be
passed by so that the general outlook over the plant world,
that this course aims to give, shall not be obscured by such
special studies.

work

are kept by the student in a form
Laboratory and Lecture
(b)
Note Book; (c)
collection of Specimens variously prepared according to the nature of the plant and the purpose of its preservation.
(The usual Herbarium rarely
meets the need. It is hardly worth-while Botany, often no
Botany at all it is usually wholly inartistic and unattrac-

Records

of

(a)

Field

of his

Note Book;

A

;

A

:

:

BLOOMSBURG

42

therefore not good Manual Training, and
serves the purpose of good Nature Study.)
tive,

With

2.
3.

we study

Habitat.

Body Parts.
Activities, Relations,

pects.

Adaptations, Economic As-

—

5.

Life History Ontogeny.
Race History Phylogeny.

6.

Classification

7.

Agricultural Possibilities.

4.

rarely

these aims and guided by these principles, ap-

plied in these methods,
1.

it

Of types

—
—Taxonomy.

of

Algae.
Molds, Mushrooms, Toad Stools, Yeasts, and Bacteria, Lichens.
3.
Moss-Plants.
4.
Fern-Plants.
5.
Seed-Plants including grains, nuts, fruits.
1.

2.

By:
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.

Field Studies.
Laboratory Studies.
Text and Library References.
Illustrated Lectures.
Collections for Nature Study.
Collections of weeds for Agriculture Study.
Collections of Stages, illustrating Metamorphosis in

Life History Series.

We
minutes

meet

5

times a week

in length

and one

;

4 of the meetings are 90

is 45.

Illustrated lectures are one hour in length and use up
about half the time. The other half is devoted to Laboratory Study, and the single period to discussions or quizzes.
Field trips are taken in extra time, after school, and on
Mondays except Campus trips for study of trees, bushes,
and ferns. Our provisions for study on Campus are steadily
being improved. The time for these varies from -J hour to
5 hours.
About 6 trips are made. It is fair to count 20
hours for this work.
The students are asked to get a text book' for this
course which they are directed to deal with as an assistantstudent, as an assistant-teacher to us.
The texts are changed each year. This year we are using Gager's Fundamentals of Botany. Others recently used
;

—

:

:

BLOOMSBURG

44

have been Coulter's Plants and Sargent's Plants and their
uses.

These are mentioned to indicate the scope of this course
as far as a text book can do so.

ZOOLOGY
We

cannot study Plants

in this

way without running

across Animals that arrest attention and demand study. The
bird sings the insect has eaten part of the plant the worm
the snake glides rapidly, gracefully away,
is at its roots
defiantly darting its tongue at us.
This is the normal
psychologic moment for the study of these animals. So our
;

;

;

Plant Study — Botany — has much
— mixed with and vice-versa.

Animal Study

— Zoology

it,

But the formal study

of

Zoology begins with the

fall

The procedure is similar to that in Botany.
The course is planned to come to a climax in the study
the Human Body the next course called in the cur-

term.
of

—

—

riculum. Physiology, Hygiene and Sanitation.

We
1.

study, selected according to time and opportunity

Habitat.

2.

Body

3.

Activities,

pects.

Parts.
Relations,

Adaptations, Economic As-

6.

— Ontogeny.
— Phylogeny.
Classification — Taxonomy.

7.

Agricultural Possibilities

4.
5.

Life History

Race History-

Of types

j

of

1.

Protozoa.

7.

Molluscoidea.

2.

Porifera.

8.

Echinoderma.

3.

Coelentera.
Platyhelminthes.

9.

11.

Annulata.
Arthropoda.
Mollusca.

12.

Yertebrata.

4.

10.

6.

Xemathelminthes.
Trochelminthes.

1.

Field Study.

2.

Laboratory Studies.
Text and Library References.

5.

By:

3.

4.
5.

6.

Illustrated Lectures.
Collections for Nature Study.
Collections of Insects for Agriculture

and Nature

Study.
7.

Collection of Animals illustrating stages of Metain Life History Series.

morphosis

:

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

45

PHYSIOLOGY

A

state law requires the study of "physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks,
stimulants and narcotics on the human system" in all
schools supported by state appropriation of money.
therefore assume that the more elementary phases of the
work have been sufficiently well learned in the public
schools to warrant our going on with the work adapted to
Juniors in a State Normal School, and as the time allotted
to the subject is only twelve weeks, no effort is made to
cover the subject as ordinarily provided in the text-books of
Instead, such subjects (1) as can not well be
this grade.
handled in the public schools of lower grade, (both for lack
of facilities and time and because of the immaturity of the
pupils) and (2) as have also an important bearing on the
subjects that lie ahead of our student-teachers in the Regular Normal Course, are more thoroughly studied.
The
objects especially held in view are: (1) The knowledge of
the matter, (2) training in laboratory, lecture, and textbook methods of getting the matter.

We

;

On this basis the material selected for work in our
Junior course consists of the following:
A. Preliminary Survey of (1) The plan of the Vertebrate body: (2) Its origin and development; (3) Its specialization in the four great groups and (4) the development
of the characteristics of the Mammalian Body.
;

B.
(1)

The Body of the Course, consisting of the study of
The cell and the development of the many-celled

body from the cell, explaining the organization of tissues,
organs, and systems, and their relations. Study of microscopic mounts, and lectures illustrated by lantern slides.
Study of gross structure of Central Nervous Sys(2)
tem by dissection of calf's brain, cat's brain and spinal cord,
and comparison of both with models of human.
(3)

Cranial and Spinal Nerves.

(4)

Ganglia.

End organs of sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch. Dissections by students demonstrations from dissections by instructors, and from models study and drawings
of microscopic slides and lectures illustrated by lantern
slides study of text-books quizzes examinations.
(5)

;

;

;

;

(6)

The Lymphatic system.

(7)

Excretory system.

;

BLOOMSBURG

46

(8)

The Reproductive Apparatus and Reproduction.

Foods, stimulants, narcotics.
Emergencies.
Illustrated lectures
experiments text-book quizzes
and examinations.
All the Biological teaching thruout this sub-division
into separate courses, aims to develop right notions of, and
reverent regard for, the glory of the human body. All
these courses come to their climax in this course.
It is
planned as one course to culminate in noble conceptions of
the human body and its right use and proper care.
The meaning of sex, the history of its development in
plant and animal forms, the philosophy of conduct springing from it, are taught thruout the courses.
The sexes are taught together thruout, except for three
special lectures on sex hygiene given to the girls by Miss
Hinckley, and three to the boys by Mr. Hartline.
The students are given to understand that each sex
group is taught precisely the same matter; that separation
is made only because there is thinking that they ought not
to be obliged to go thru when together in the same class.
This has been the mode of treatment of this matter
since the organization of the department in 1897.
The course occupies 80 forty-five minute periods, but
double periods are provided for Laboratory work. About
one half the time is given to laboratory studies and the
other half is given to illustrated lectures, supplemented
by text and reference study.
Text used for past several years is Hough and Sedg(9)

(10)

;

wick's

;

;

The Human Mechanism.

THE MUSIC DEPARTMENT
To those seeking a general education in Music and to
those preparing to teach, this school offers superior advantaInstruction is given by capable teachers of broad and
ges.
Special attention is given to beginsuccessful experience.
ners and those not far advanced, as much depends upon the
early training.
The result of the establishing of correct fundamental
principles is a steady, satisfactory growth and development.
There is a tendency on the part of many students of music to
neglect the essential elements of a general education. This
school furnishes ample opportunity to music students to

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

47

pursue literary and pedagogical studies in connection with
their regular work.
Practice rooms are well ventilated, lighted and heated.
The school endeavors to keep the pianos in as good condition as possible

The Course
into

by frequent tuning.
of

four grades

Course of Study
Study in Piano, Voice, Violin is divided
Elementary, Preparatory, Intermediate

—

—

and Advanced. No definite period is stated for the complethis depends upon the individual ability of
tion of a grade
the pupil. Those desiring certificates for the completion of
any one of these courses must have a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of Harmony, History of Music and
Theory.
study of these subjects is recommended to all
students of music for general musical development.
The lectures in History of Music are made helpful and
interesting by judicious use of the Victrola.
course in Musical Appreciation is offered to students
of all departments, free of charge.
This course extends
thruout the year and is planned to give the untutored in
music a general knowledge of the art, to teach them what
constitutes good music and how to appreciate, understand

—

A

A

and enjoy

it.

Classes in Ensemble and Sight-reading are offered during the year, free of cost, to those prepared for the work.

Requirements for Graduation
Diplomas are granted only to students who evince
natural musical ability. All pupils are entitled to certificates upon satisfactory completion of the Four Year Course.
Graduates in any of the courses in music are required to
have a good education in English branches. Proficiency in
all the subjects mentioned in the English branches of the
College Preparatory Course will be the minimum require-

ment.

Course for Supervisor of Music in Public Schools
This course has been carefully planned to meet the
growing demand for trained supervisors. Every phase of
school music work, from the Primary Grades thru the High
School, is treated in detail. This course requires two years
for completion.
A detailed course of study will be sent upon application to the Supervisor of the Department of
Music.
Candidates earnestly pursuing this course are entitled
to State aid.

48

BLOOMSBURG

THE ART DEPARTMENT
Not only does the school make provision for the drawing required in the Junior year of the Normal Course, but
in the Model School and preparatory grades drawing is also
carefully taught.
No other subject in the curriculum is
better calculated to develop and quicken the powers to observe.
Besides, drawing, like music, adds to the enjoyment
of life, and brings most pleasure to those who are skilled in
this method of expression.

Many who have studied drawing before entering the
school, are able to do advanced work in drawing, crayoning,
painting, water coloring, and designing.

MANUAL ARTS COURSE
The purpose of this course
both mind and hand.

is

to correlate the training of

Several of these studies are particularly adapted to the
needs of the students who are preparing to teach in rural
communities. The scope of the course also includes studies
aimed to meet the need of the prospective grade teacher in
school systems where a supervisor of manual arts is employed. The course will also afford an opportunity to students desiring to prepare to meet the increasing demand for
manual training teachers in high schools, evening, and boy
scout classes.
This course is so arranged that a special certificate can
be earned by devoting one extra period to this work thruout two years, or two periods thruout one year.

The students specializing in this work are expected to
take the regular teachers' course, and teach manual training in the grades of the model school. This affords an opportunity to plan and carry out their own work in actual
teaching under careful supervision.
Manual Arts
I.

Principles and History of

Manual

Arts.

This course will cover a brief history of manual arts and its development into the present courses of study in vocational, industrial,
and trade schools, and manual training high schools. Theory, course
of study, administration and vocational guidance will be discussed.

p
a,

3

BLOOMSBURG

50

Applied Mathematics.

II.

This work involves arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry.
Problems in lumbering, stone work, building, and estimating
will be given by instructor.

Organization and Equipment.

III.

This course consists of problems in curricula, organization, shop
equipment, the purchasing of tools and supplies, the maintenance of
work, and methods of financing.

Technology

IV.

of

Wood.

A

study of the trees on the campus, nearby forests and other
woods of commercial value as to their identification, structure, and
properties of wood; the characteristics and distribution of common
species; the growth and care of wood; the methods of preparing for
use.

Elementary Mechanical Drawing.

V.

(Prerequisite

The

—Second

Year Drawing or equivalent.)

care and use of instruments.

Elementary mechanical drawing

will

cover working drawings,

views, sketches and dimensions of simple objects from copy, sketches
and dictation; geometrical constructions, isometrical drawings, lettering, assembly and detail drawings of furniture.

Advanced Mechanical Drawing.

VI.

Advanced mechanical drawing includes orthographic projections,
intersections and developments; plans, elevations, and sections; tracing

and blueprinting.

Elementary Bench Woodwork.

VII.

This course will run parallel to the regular course as prescribed
for the first year students.
It will include the use, care and sharpening of tools; measuring, laying out of work and processes of planing,
boring, mortising, and shaping. Forms of construction in simple
projects.

VIII.

Advanced Bench Woodwork.

This course will run parallel to the regular course as prescribed
for the Seniors.
The work is grouped according to the structural
principles embodying the more difficult joints in typical problems of
woodwork, such as the various kinds of tables, chairs and cabinets.
Demonstrations in upholstering, staining, filling, varnishing and waxing v/ill be given.

IX.

Woodwork

for Rural Schools.

Carpentry, including the various tool processes in the construction of useful projects for the rural school, home, and farm will be
taught. Intended for teachers of rural districts.

X.

Furniture Design, Construction and Finishing.

Design and construction as applied to furniture, including the
principles of design. The economics in preparation of class work
material. A study of the making and use of paints, stains, varnishes,
and glues.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

XL

Elements

of

51

Wood-Turnery.

Exercises in straight and taper turning, shoulders, beads, levels,

and hollows, with practical application; polishing on

lathe.

Art Metal-Work.

XII.

The process
will cover hammering and raised work.
cutting, filing, and soldering in the forming of trays,
candle sticks, and furniture designs and fittings.
This course

of

etching,

XIII.

Weaving, Reed and Rama Work, and Card-board
Construction.

This course includes the weaving of rugs, mats, baskets,

making

of

etc.,

the

book covers; how

to teach, supervise and correlate paper
card-board construction to other studies.

and
Note 1.

folding

In all the work the individual needs of the student will
Provision will
be considered in the selection of the shop problem^
be made for practical electrical construction, concrete construction
and the modification of the familiar forms of work to the needs of
the communities.
Note 2. Visits will be made to groves, forests, lumber yards,
planing mills, furniture factory, carpet mills, foundries, and other
places of interest.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
It is a recognized fact that the body needs education as
well as the mind.
In fact, the body needs to be educated in
order to properly educate the mind.

This department is in charge of special instructors who
have for their aim the full and harmonious development of
all

parts of the physical organism.

Health, grace, beauty, and ease of movement are secured by systematic training in a large and well equipped gymnasium.
(See description elsewhere.)

Measurements are taken and exercises prescribed for
developing the parts of the body that need especial care. The
results of the training in the gymnasium alone are worth, to
many students, more than they pay for their entire expenses in the school.

The measurements often reveal physical defects which
unknown to exist. Many of these are prompt-

before were
ly corrected

by prescribed exercises. Known physical dewhich have failed to yield to persistent medical treatment often quickly disappear under this system of physical
fects

education.

BLOOMSBURG

52

Special training in this department is sometimes given
men and women who desire to direct gymnasia or
department of Physical Training, according to the most approved methods, to do so. To this end thorough instruction
is provided, not only in gymnastics, games and aesthetic
movements, but also in those principles of Physiology, Psychology and Hygiene of the human body, upon which sound
physical training must always depend.
to enable

In the Senior Year, the student is taught to plan and
conduct gymnastic lessons suitable for the schoolroom, and
to be able to recognize and correct physical defects and
faulty postures

among

children.

Games and

folk-dancing, suitable for all grades, are
Special emphasis is laid upon the folk-dancing
taught.
with the Victrola, so that our students may do intelligent
work at Field Days or May Festivals.

The department recognizes

the fact that the teacher
not the one who does well the precise
things she was hired to do it is the surplus activity, the
something over and above the required, that often brings
advancement and distinction. In the spring term, a course
in playground organization and activities is given, if there
are a reasonable number who wish to take it.

who

is

promoted

is

;

Fire drills are held every week for the first four weeks
The buildings are
of school, and once a month thereafter.
cleared, on the average, in two minutes.

SCHOOL AGRICULTURE AND NATURE
STUDY
All the Biological courses contribute material for these
courses.
The students are therefore well equipt with
Nature Study materials.

The Farm Study Course is unfolded from the point
view that the subject matter consists of the study of:
1.

of

Applied Geology, showing itself mainly in the study
and management, to serve as available

of soil, its origin

plant food.
2.

Applied Botany.

The plant's body and its organs and physiological
processes for making living matter out of non-living matter,
and so serving as food material for the animal world.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

3.

53

Applied Zoology.
(a)

Man's selection and management of animals to
work of winning a happy life from his en(b) the animals that combat his efforts
in-

help him in his

vironment
sects and other
;

4.

We

—

pests.

Community

Relations.

study
1.
Origin of Soil.
2.
Contact-points between Soil and Plant.
3.
Contact-points between Plants and Animals.
4.
Man's Supervision and Modification of these and the
effects upon them and him.
Crops and Crop-production.
5.
:

6.
7.

Animal stock and
Plant and Animal

its

products.

Pests.

9.

Farm Management and Farm Economics.
Rural Life and Uplift Movements.

1.

Fairs.

8.

By:
2.
3.

4.

— Rock Masses, Cinder Tip, The Bog.
Lectures, Experiments — Studies and Reports, DemField Studies

Farm

Visits.

onstrations.
5.

6.
7.

Camp

Weed

Collection.

Good Roads Movement.
Movements to foster Outdoor
Fire Girls, Y.

W.

C. A.

— Boy

Scout,

— Bird Studies in Field.

8.

Social Service

9.

Government Publications

tary Living

Life

Eight-Weeks' Clubs.

— Individual

for

Promotion

of Sani-

and Public.

The course occupys 100 forty-five minute periods, but
the program is so managed that when Laboratory is done
The field work is done in extra
there are double periods.
There are never less than three trips and the minitime.
time is 12 hours. The time is managed so that the work
extends thru the year. Plantings, Cultivations, Reapings,
Studies of Animal Stocks are managed by individual work
for which time provision is made.

mum

Texts that have been used are Halligan's FundamentWater's Essentials, and Cromwell's Agriculture and
:

als,

Life.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

55

THE COLLEGE PREPARATORY

DEPARTMENT

The College Preparatory Department of the Bloomsburg State Normal School is by no means a new departure.
It dates from the original establishment of the school in
1866, and is maintained in connection with the teachers'
courses by special provision of the state charter.
The community and the trustees of the Literary Institute were unwilling to allow the institution, which they had
founded and fostered at great expense and personal sacrifice,
to become a state institution, unless the provision to furnish
the young people of the community with a broad, general
education, could be continued.

has always been the policy of this school to urge upstudents and graduates the importance and advantage
of a higher education than a Normal School is fitted to provide and it is a source of pride and gratification to those in
charge of the various departments, that the school is constantly represented among the students of the colleges and
universities of the country, by large numbers of its former
students and graduates.
The preparatory work done at Bloomsburg differs
materially from that of the majority of preparatory schools.
All the strictly College Preparatory branches, as well as
those of the teachers' courses, are presented with reference
to their pedagogic as well as academic value.
This necessarily results in giving students a broader conception of
these subjects than is otherwise possible, and renders graduates better able to think for themselves. That these methods
are practical is shown by the work done in college by those
who have made their preparation here.
A number of Pennsylvania colleges offer sholarships to
graduates of this department, thereby testifying to the
quality of its work.
Diplomas are granted to all those who complete the
courses satisfactorily, and are accepted in lieu of entrance
It

on

its

examinations at

many

colleges.

The growth of this department has encouraged the
management to make important changes in the courses and
in the manner of conducting the work, and the department now does more effective work than ever before. It is
well equipped with pictures, casts, maps, etc., to assist its
work. An electric lantern with a good supply of lantern
slides also

belongs to this department.

BLOOMSBURG

56

Note
The

may

be changed to suit individual needs in preparation for special work. Diplomas are granted for such special courses,
provided sufficient points are covered to equal those of the specified
courses. A full term's work in a subject with daily recitations is
counted one point. For graduation in any College Preparatory Course
forty-eight points are required, in addition to the work of the
Preparatory Year.
According to this system the preceding courses may be thus
courses

specified:

Classical Course
English

9 Points
10 Points
6 Points

Mathematics
History

Language

20 Points
3 Points

Science

Total

48 Points

Scientific

English

Mathematics
History

Language
Science

Total

Course
9 Points
13

Points

6 Points
12 Points

8 Points

48 Points

MEDICAL PREPARATORY COURSE
In fulfillment of its duty as a preparatory school the institution has constantly endeavored to show its students the
advantage to be derived from a college course, and to those

who contemplate

entering the medical profession our invariable advice is to take a college course before entering the
medical school. It is unfortunately true, however, that there
are many who, for financial and other reasons, find themselves unable to do this and feel obliged to enter upon their
medical work without the preliminary training of a college
course.
The following course has been arranged to meet the requirements of various medical schools, and will be found an
It is not claimexcellent preparation for a medical course.
ed to be, in any sense, an equivalent of a college course, as
the school offers preparatory courses only.
For the student taking this course, completely equipped laboratories such as few schools possess have been provided, and a course has been arranged which enables our students to prepare for entrance to any medical college. The

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

57

very latest and most practical laboratory methods are employed, and abundant opportunity is afforded for original independent work. The value of this training can not be
estimated save by those who have taken it, and in consequence have gained standing in their medical work far in
advance of those who have mistakenly entered upon medical
courses with no better educational foundation than that
provided by public schools.
The General Biology work of the Senior year of this
course requires laboratory work leading up to the study of
Histology, Embryology, and Bacteriology. Students completing this course are prepared to take up, with understanding and profit, any of the courses offered by the best
medical colleges.
To meet the advanced requirements of the medical
schools sixty points are now required for graduation in this
course, and a diploma is granted to those completing it.

COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT
The Purpose

of the

Department

To

give pupils preparing for business a thorough training for work as stenographers, bookkeepers and office assistants.

To give teachers and students of the regular Normal
Course an opportunity to specialize in the commercial
branches.

The course for pupils preparing for business positions
arranged to give a thorough training in bookkeeping, office methods,
arithmetic, commercial law, penmanship,
stenography, typewriting and English.
Pupils are given credit for subjects as they are satisfactorily completed, irrespective of the time taken.
They
are graduated with the class of the year in which they complete all required work.
The average pupil completes the
course in about two years.
There is a constant and increasing need of teachers of
commercial branches for public school work. It is a field
that offers exceptional opportunities to Normal School
graduates who have specialized in stenography and typewriting or in bookkeeping, commercial law and penmanship.
Strong students of the Normal Course may arrange to
carry one or two of the commercial branches in connection
with their other studies. Teachers engaged in school work
is

BLOOM SBURG

58

may very profitably pursue some of these studies during
their school year.
The department will aid such persons
in planning their work, and they may have the opportunity of doing some work here during the last weeks of the
spring term.

Subjects Required

Stenography.
Graham System.

(This system is very largely used by the rapid
court reporters being "Graham" writers.
The "Graham" and "Pitman" systems are very similar, and persons
who have studied "Pitman" theory will experience no difficulty in
continuing their studies here.1
writers,

many

of the best

A thoro study of the theory is followed by study of word signs,
phrasing, well graded work written in shorthand, graded dictation
work to develop skill and speed, new matter to be transcribed, and
final tests for speed and accuracy.
Requirements
A series of

in

Stenography

for Graduation.

practical tests, dictated at different rates of speed,

from 80 to 140 words a minute, from which typewritten transcripts
are made, will determine the final rating in stenography. Speed in
taking dictation and accuracy in transcribing are given equal weights
in the rating, the rating for speed being as follows: 80 words a minute,
70% 100 words a minute, SOfc 120 words a minute, 90^ 140 words
The rating for accuracy is determined by the trana minute, 100 r
scripts.
(Pupils are informed of the method of marking errors, and
of the penalties imposed for the various classes of errors^.
;

;

;

'

.

Typewriting.
The "Touch Method" is used. Careful instruction in the method
A series of well graded exercises is followed by
of lingering is given.
As soon as pupils have
letter work, business and legal forms, etc.
sufficient skill in stenography to take dictation they begin to make
transcripts of their notes, the quantity of work being gradually increased.

Requirements

in

Typewriting

for Graduation.

A

series of practical tests in writing from copy is given to derating of 70Tc is given for absolute
termine speed and accuracy.
accuracy in copying plain matter for ten minutes at the rate of fifteen
words a minute. This rating is increased Y^_ for every additional
word a minute. Deductions are made for errors. (Pupils are informed of the method of marking errors, and of the penalties imposed
Tests in writing from rough draft, in tabulating, and in writ-

A

1

.

ing from dictation, will be given a separate rating.

Bookkeeping.
In the bookkeeping work pupils must prepare all outgoing papers
involved in the various transactions and properly file and index all

incoming papers.
Neatness of work and good penmanship are essentials and are
factors in determining grades.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Elementary

Set.

tice of business forms.

Theory
Books

59

of double-entry bookkeeping and pracof original entry used:
Journal, Cash

Book, Sales Book, Purchase Book.
Accounting: Trial Balance, Balance Sheet, Trading and Profit
and Loss Statement.
*

*

*

Wholesale Set. Introducing use of Special Column in Cash
book, Notes Receivable Book, Notes Payable Book, Sales Ledger.
Accounting: Trading and Profit and Loss Statements, Statement of Resources and Liabilities, Percentage Analysis of Trading and
Profit and Loss Statements.
*

#

*

Cost Accountancy. Voucher Register, Requisition Journal, Finished Goods Journal.
Accounting: Manufacturing Statement showing Prime cost and
Production cost monthly, Trading and Profit and Loss Statements,
Distribution of Profits, Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Corporation Set. Cash Journal, Account Sales Register, Sales
Book.
Accounting: Trading and Profit and Loss Statements, Statement
of Resources and Liabilities.

Manufacturing

Set,

*

%

*

Jobbing and Commission Set. Special Columns in books of
original entry, Account Sales Book, Account Sales Register.
*

Banking
ler,

Set.

*

*

General Cash Book, Teller's Book, Discount Tick-

Discount Register, Collection Tickler, Collection Register, DeRegister, Stock Ledger, General

mand Loan Book, Remittance

Ledger, Individual Ledger.
Daily Statement of Receipts and Payments.

English.
Requirements same
English (page

as in

Normal Course.

See Department of

).

Orthography.
on 5,000 selected and defined words.
Pupils are required to make rating of 979r in spelling on a
series of tests aggregating 500 words selected from the lists studied.
Drills

Arithmetic.
Drills to develop accuracy and rapidity in addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, common and decimal fractions, percentage,
interest, etc.
Practical problems in profit and loss, trade discount,
commission, interest, bank discount, partial payments, averaging accounts, etc.

Commercial Law.
A study of the

general principles of contracts, and the special
application of the principle of contracts involved in Negotiable Instruments, Agency Partnership, Corporations, Insurance, Real Property,
Personal Property, Bailment and Carriers, Guaranty and Suretyship,
Drills in writing and executing simple contracts of business.

Penmanship.
Palmer Method. Pupils must develop
"Palmer" certificate of proficiency.

sufficient skill to earn the

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

61

LOCATION, BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, Etc.
The Town

of

Bloomsburg

Bloomsburg is an attractive town, in one of the most
beautiful regions of Pennsylvania, has a population of about
eight thousand, and is easily accessible by the three largest
railroads in the state The Delaware, Lackawanna and
Western, the Philadelphia & Reading, and the PennsylIt is also connected with neighboring towns by
vania.
:

electric railroads.

The town has the district system of steam heating, a
public sewer system, pure water from a mountain stream,
illuminating gas and electric lights, and paved streets.
It is
known as one of the thriftiest and healthiest towns in the
state.

The

school is situated 150 feet above the Susquehanna.
Nineteen acres of campus afford ample space for lawns
and athletic grounds, and include a large and beautiful
oak grove. Seven large buildings arc admirably adapted
to their different uses.

Institute Hall

This building, erected in 1867, stands at the head of
Main Street, and is plainly visible from all parts of the town.
On the first floor are five spacious class rooms. The approach to the building is very imposing and beautiful, and
has been made much more so by the erection of a handsome
bronze fountain, the gift of the class of '04.

The Auditorium
This beautiful audience room on the second floor of Institute Hall is comfortably furnished and tastefully decorated.
It contains one thousand and twenty-five opera chairs,
and when occasion demands, can be made to accommodate
many more people. The acoustic properties are apparently
perfect.

The Model School Building
This

It stands next to Institute Hall, and covers about eighty by ninety feet.
It contains about twenty-eight school and recitation rooms, well
ventilated and supplied with light, black-board surface, and
the most approved furniture. It is here that the Seniors
acquire the theory of teaching, and practice in the art,
is

a three-story building.

BLOOM SBURG

62

twenty-one rooms being

The basement

fitted

up especially for their work.
used for the industrial

floor of this building is

department.

The Main Dormitory
The Dormitory

is four stories high and was originally
form of a T having a front of one hundred and sixtytwo feet, and an extension of seventy-five feet. The buildings are supplied with steam heat, electric light, and sewer
connections.
On account of the steady growth of the

in the

was finally enlarged by the addition
wing extending south from the rear of the T described
above.
Its dimensions are one hundred and four feet by
forty feet, and it furnishes accommodations for about
seventy students. Extending across the end of this wing
school, this building

of a

and forward to the front of the building is a long piazza,
about 140 feet in length. This fronts the river, and from it
may be obtained one of the grandest views in eastern Pennsylvania.

The Dining Room
This large room on the first floor of the dormitory has
It has been
a floor space of over four thousand square feet.
most tastefully beautified at an expense of more than twelve
hundred dollars. The kitchen, which adjoins it, has been
entirely remodeled and supplied with the latest and best
Clean and
culinary appliances.
Its floor is of cement.
vermin proof, it approximates the ideal place for the preparation of food.
It is the study of the steward, and those who
aid him, to furnish the table with as great a variety as possible.

An excellent cold storage room adjoining the kitchen
provides for the preservation of food.
The North End Addition
It extends westward to within twenty feet of the
Model School Building, with which it is connected by a two-

story covered passage way. This building contains class
first floor, a large study hall and library, and
several class rooms on the second floor; on third and fourth
floors, additional dormitories for young men.

rooms on the

The Gymnasium
At the northwestern extremity of the foregoing addition, extending northward, is the gymnasium, ninety-five
feet long and forty-five feet wide.
It is fitted up with the

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

63

best apparatus made, is complete in its equipment, and from
the first took its place as a standard gymnasium.
It has a running gallery, baths and lockers for girls and
boys in the basement, and a parcels check room.
competent director and associate with their assistants
They make physical examinations and preare in charge.
scribe proper and regular exercises for the students.

A

The Library

On the second floor, near the gymnasium, is a large
room, forty-six by sixty-eight feet in size, with shelves,
It serves the double
desks, tables, comfortable chairs, &c.
purpose of library and study hall. This happy arrangement
has the advantage of placing the student near the cyclopedias and other works of reference during his periods of
study.

On the shelves are the school library, the libraries of
the literary societies, and those of the Y. M. and Y. W. C.
A. These libraries contain the standard works of fiction,
history, the leading cyclopedias, dictionaries, and books of
reference.
The reading tables are well supplied with all
the important local and national newspapers and magazines
for the free use of the students.
The value of the library
is greatly enhanced by a card catalogue of the most approved kind, and the constant attendance of a trained librarian
to assist students in their research.
Several hundred dollars' worth of new books are added to the library each year.
The

Students'

Rooms

Each room

for students is furnished.
Spring mattresses
are provided for the beds.
The walls are neatly paperThe rooms average about eleven feet by fifteen feet
ed.
in size. Many students carpet their rooms. Rooms are frequently inspected and habits of neatness and order are inThe beds of gentlemen are made, and their rooms
culcated.
cared for daily.

A

Passenger Elevator

capable of lifting ten to twelve grown persons at a
time and is under the management of an efficient operator.
Rooms on the top floor are sought in preference to those below. They are more comfortable, quieter, and command
a more extended view of the surrounding beautiful country.
The elevator was built by the well known firm of Otis
Brothers. It was completely overhauled in 1911, fitted with
the latest and best safety devices, and with wheel control.
Is

BLOOMSBURG

64

Recreation

A

Rooms

room

for the young ladies has
been provided at an expense of several hundred dollars. A
boys' parlor has been provided by the generosity of the class

beautiful recreation

of 1909.

These are much enjoyed.
Science Hall

This large and handsome building was erected at a cost
of $75,000, to provide additional recitation rooms, and especially to afford facilities for the latest methods of work in the
sciences.
The large laboratories are fully equipped with the
best furniture and appliances manufactured.
In the basement, which is mainly above ground, are the music rooms
used for practice and teaching in connection with the music

department.

The first floor is devoted to the biological departments
and has large laboratories fitted up for the study of Zoology,
Physiology, Botany, and Geology. There is also a laboratory for the students taking the Medical Preparatory
Course.

The second
Chemistry.

floor

has

laboratories

for

Physics and

There are two modern lecture rooms for the use of these
departments, with lanterns, screens and modern equipment
for demonstration and illustration.
In the third story are large rooms 45 x 44 feet each, devoted to the use of the two literary societies, a commodious,
well lighted, and properly equipped Art Studio, and two
recitation rooms.
North Hall
Two floors of the building formerly used as a musical
conservatory and chemical laboratory have been appropriated to students. They are fitted with all modern convenienThe unobstructed views from most of the rooms are
ces.
both wide and beautiful.
Infirmary
While the health of the students has been exceptionally
good, an infirmary has been equipped with modern facilities
for the care of the sick, and is in charge of a trained nurse.
Students unable to attend recitations or go to meals are required to report there, that they may receive proper attention.

Hospital

The

Class of 1915 has enabled the school to provide, as
their memorial, upon the campus, yet remote from all other

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

65

buildings, a hospital for patients having contagious diseases.
The building is fitted with all modern conveniences such as
steam heat, running water and sewer connection, and is hygienically furnished in accordance with modern hospital
standards.

The

Athletic Field

A

is

large athletic field is enclosed with a high fence, and
situated north and east of the grove.

Tennis Courts
Well kept tennis courts are provided for those who engage in this ideal form of exercise for students.
Control of Athletics

An Advisory Board, appointed by the Principal, consisting of four members of the Faculty for a general supervision of school athletics, together with a manager, elected
by the Faculty for each of the three ball seasons, constitute a committee to legislate all matters concerning interschool contests.
The Societies
There are two literary societies, devoted to the intellectual improvement of their members.
Weekly meetings
are held, the exercises of which include essays, readings, declamations and debates. Among the benefits to be derived
from membership, by no means the least is the training received in the conducting of business meetings, and the
knowledge required of Parliamentary rules. Debates form
a distinctive feature of these societies.

The

Students' Lecture Course

This course is one of the most important educational
features of each school year, and is organized for the purposed of bringing before our students some of the leading
lecturers of the day.
It is the aim, by means of this course of lectures, to give
the students entertainment and culture.

The School

Periodical

In recognition of the need of a regular means of communication between the school and its alumni, a school
periodical, the B. S. N. S. Quarterly is issued.
The paper
is a magazine of from 12 to 20 pages, and appears in January,
April and October of each year. Its editorial staff includes
members of the Faculty and students. The Alumni, Athletic, Society, and Local Departments of the paper present

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

work

the

partment

67

The alumni deof the school in each number.
especially interesting The Quarterly is sent

is

Graduates who do not receive the paper
inform us of the fact.

free to all alumni.
will please

Contests
in Expression is held annually
for those who survive a private preliminary test.
Two
prizes, each consisting of a set of books, are awarded to the
winners in the public contest, which is usually held in April.
The winners of this contest in 1916-17 were: Miss Muriel
Griffiths, of Taylor Pa. Mr. Walter Page, of Mt. Pleasant

A

Second Year Contest

;

Mills,

Snyder

Co., Pa.

The judges in 1917 were: Dorothy Critz, Head of
English Department, Pottsville High School, Pottsville,
Pa.
Enola B. Guie, Head of Department of Expression,
Wilkes-Barre High School, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. L. J. Russel, Superintendent of Schools, Bradford County.
The Magee Essay Contest held as early as February 12,
is open to all undergraduates having the equivalent of the
first two years of the Normal School Course who pass in
the preliminary contest. The prizes are provided by the
liberality of President James Magee 2d, of the Magee Carpet
;

;

Works, and consist of a first prize of fifteen dollars, a
second of ten, and a third of five.
The winners of this contest in 1916-17 were: First
prize, Martha Dean, Dorranceton, Pa. second prize, Rebecca Augenblick, Nanticoke, Pa. third prize, Rachel Miles,
Kingston; Pa.
The judges in the last contest were Miss Isabelle F.
Bond, Milton High School; Miss Mary E. Shambach, Berwick High School Prof. L. P. Sterner, Superintendent
;

;

:

;

Bloomsburg Schools.
The Marion Evelyn Ames Miller Nature Study prize
was first offered in 1914-15. and was won by Miss Elizabeth
S. Welsh of Orangeville, Pa., and Miss Mary A. Brower of
Herndon, Pa.
The winners of this prize in 1915-16 were: Miss Gladys
A. Howe, of Rummerfield, Pa., and Miss Virginia Rohde of
Dorranceton, Pa.

The Marion Evelvn Ames Miller prize for Senior Class
Song was first offered in 1910-11, and was won last year by
Mr. Maxwell Noack, of Moscow, Pa.
Discipline
All students are expected to observe such regulations as
may be needed from time to time, in order to secure to them-

BLOOMSBURG

68

selves and other students all the benefits of the institution.
Such regulations are purposely kept as few in number as possible, in order to develop a feeling of responsibility and independence of character on the part of every student. Gentlemanly and ladylike behavior are matters of necessity, and no
student is allowed to remain in the school who does not
show by his devotion to work, his behavior, and his personal
habits, that he is in earnest in his efforts to get an education.
Students who, without permission, absent themselves
from the building at times when all students are required to

be in their rooms, are dismissed also.
The system of discipline used is not preventive, but rational, and has for its object character building.
Visitors to the school, whether graduates, former students or friends, are expected to conform to the regulations
that apply to students, and to preserve toward teachers and
others in authority the same attitude that the customs of

good society everywhere require

of guests.

Religion and Morals

The school proceeds upon the principle that careful religious training is essential to the proper development of
character.
The religious teaching is evangelical but not
sectarian.
Chapel exercises are held daily. All students are reservice of
quired to attend church on Sunday morning.

A

Song or Bible Reading is conducted each Sunday evening.
The students sustain a Young Men's Christian Association,
and also a Young Woman's Christian Association, which
hold separate prayer meetings each Tuesday evening.
On Sundays many of the students meet in small groups,
Attendance upon these is
for the study of the Scriptures.
voluntary.

The Faculty

A

preceptress gives especial care to the development of
careful habits, favorable to health, as well as to those of
neatness, industry, refined manners, and of high moral and
religious character.
The trustees of the school realize that it is the teacher
that makes the school, and they have spared neither pains
nor money to secure teachers of successful experience, broad
As a result,
culture, and established Christian character.
the graduates of the school are young men and women who
command good positions and good salaries and who stand
high in the estimation of the public. They may be found

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

69

in all parts of the United States, and some in foreign
countries occupying prominent positions of usefulness and

influence.

Deans
Senior

Junior

of the Several Classes

— Prof. Bakeless.
— Miss Good.

— Prof

Sutliff.

— Prof.

Sutlifr.

2nd Year
1st Year-

College Preparatory

— Prof. Hartline.

Visiting and Going

Home

Parents are requested not to call pupils home during
term time, except in cases of absolute necessity. In such
cases written permission from parents or guardians is required.

Every recitation missed places the pupil at a disadvantage and seriously affects his standing.
Giving permission to visit friends is equally distracting.
When a visit home or elsewhere is contemplated it distracts the mind on the day of departure, and it takes the
first day after returning to get the mind back to work.
This causes practically the loss of two days in addition
to the time lost while absent, and makes the pupil lose much
of the benefit for which he has paid.
All work missed as the
result of absence is required to be made up, but this does
not entirely restore the standing of the student.
Boxes from

Home

Parents and friends are requested not to send boxes of
cooked edibles to students. Many cases of ill health may be
traced to eating stale and indigestible food.
Besides the ill
effects of keeping food in a living room, boxes encourage
eating at irregular times and produce other irregularities
that interfere with good health and intellectual advancement. The school furnishes good, wholesome food, well
cooked and in plenty, and arranges to have as great variety
as the markets afford so there is no occasion for sending
;

food to students.

When

to

Enter

Students may enter at any time. There are classes of
degrees of advancement, and students in nearly all subjects can be accommodated, even in the middle of a term.
Students who need only one term's work to finish any
particular course will find it to their advantage to attend
during the fall term, as during that term they will receive instruction in the essentials of the various branches.
all

BLOOMSBURG

70

Applications for Teachers

The

Principal frequently has applications for teachers
Graduates
for positions both within and outside the state.
who want schools are at liberty to put their names on his
list, but they should inform him as soon as they secure a
position and those who need teachers are urged to apply
early that they may get the best.
;

Outfits

Each student

expected to furnish for personal use the
following articles Towels, table napkins, a bed comforter, a
pair of blankets, slippers, overshoes, an umbrella, a pair of
gymnasium slippers, a gymnasium costume, and a pair of
strong high shoes suitable for climbing and walking. Each
student should provide himself with a knife, fork and spoon,
The gymas silver will not be sent out of the dining room.
nasium slippers and costume may be ordered after students
enter and learn what is needed. The use of this costume is
obligatory.
Health and decency require it.
is

:

Damages
All damages done to rooms, halls, furniture, or school
property, will be charged to the students who do it.
No
nails, pins or tacks of any kind are to be driven into the
walls or doors. Pictures or other decorations pasted, tacked or pinned to the wall subject the occupants of the room
to the expense of papering the entire room.

Laundry Regulations
Each student

is

allowed twelve articles of plain clothing

or their equivalent in the weekly washing.
lowing regulations.

Have your name on every

1.

Write

it

plainly,

missing articles
2.

Have

article

Note the
of

fol-

clothing.

and use nothing but indelible ink. Most
are lost because of defective marking.

a large clothes bag, so that ironed clothes

need not be folded much when put into it for delivery. Be
sure to have you name on the clothes bag.
3.
The personal wash must be ready for collection by
six o'clock on Monday morning.
4.
On Saturday morning, after breakfast, the personal
wash will be delivered.
5.
Exchange soiled bed linen (one sheet and two pillow cases) for clean linen on each Friday morning after
breakfast.

BLOOM SBUEG
6.

For

all

clothing in the wash in excess of the twelve
an extra charge will be made.

articles allowed,

State Aid

To all persons in the regular course over seventeen
years of age who will sign an agreement to teach in the
common schools of the state for two school years, tuition is
free, and will be free as long as the Legislature's appropriation is sufficient for the purpose.
Expenses
the

Those who are seeking an education should exercise
same judgment and foresight in selecting a school that

they use in other business matters.
It is possible to find cheaper schools than this.
There
are schools of all degrees of cheapness, just as there are
articles of merchandise varying in quality.
This school gives to the student, in benefits, every dollar of its income both from what students pay and from
state appropriations.
Added to this is the use of buildings
and apparatus accumulated that are now worth probably
half a million dollars.

The tabulated statement on page

73 gives full infor-

regard to charges. One-half board and tuition
plus registration fee is payable at the beginning of each
term, the remainder at the middle of each term.
Xote that the state aid is never deducted from the halfterm payment due at the time of entrance.

mation

in

The tuition for the Commercial
for the regular Xormal Course.

Course

is

the

same

as

Applications for the filling out of certificates of admission to colleges or other higher institutions of learning will
be granted on payment of a fee of one dollar.
charge of 50 cents for each branch per week is made
to special students in music, typewriting, or stenography,
who desire to take one or two branches with their special
subjects.

A

Xo extra charges are made for class instruction in
vocal music.
For absence two consecutive weeks or more on account of personal sickness, a deduction for board and tuition
is made.
Xo other deduction is made for absence. Xo deduction for absence is made during the first two or the last
two weeks of a term.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

73

EXPENSES
Winter

x

S» Te™
c

..

13 Weeks

i

Fract'n

Spring

Term

Term

3W eeks

14 Weeks

Full

Term
perW'k

Year

of

FOR BOARDING STUDENTS
(All courses excepting Music)

Board, furnished
laundry
Tuition

room,

heat,

light

and
19.50
2.00

65.00
19.50
2.00

$ 86.50
$ 44.25

$ 86.50
$ 44.25

$ 42.25
$ 19.50

$

$ 22.75

$

$ 65.00

.

"'Registration fee

Total

Amount due on entrance
(% Board and Tuition plus

|$

$200.00
60.00

$ 70.00

21.00
2.00
|$
|$

5.25

6.00

$266.00

93.00
47.50

Registration

fee)

State aid
(State aid

is

Amount due middle
Full year,

$ 19.50

42.25

$ 45.50
$ 21.00

22.75

$ 24.50

not credited until end of term
of

term

laboratory fees excepted

....

|

($206.00

FOR DAY STUDENTS
(All courses excepting Music)
Tuition
"Registration fee

(State aid

is

1$

60.00
6.00

23.00

$

66.00

19.50
2.00

$ 21.50

$ 21.50

$

$

19.50

$ 19.50

$ 21.00

$

2.00

$

2.00

$

2.00

$

3.50

$

3.50

|$

3.50

$ 10.50

I

Total

$ 21.00
2.00

19.50
2.00

|$

,50

$ 60.00

not credited until end of term

Amount due middle

of

term

FOR MODEL SCHOOL DAY PUPILS
No

6.00

|

reduction is made for attendance for
1$
a fraction of a term
Tuition, (payable at middle of term) ... .1
No charge to pupils under 9 years of
I

I

|

age

|

Registration fee

.75

I

4.25

|

.25

FOR MUSIC PUPILS

.75

|

2.25

4.25

1

12.75

I

I

Piano or Voice, (2 lessons per week) ..|$ 16.00
Piano or Voice, (1 lesson per week)
1.75
Use of Piano (for practice one period
daily per term
2.50
Class Lessons in Harmony
7.00
Private Lessons in Harmony same as
Piano
Class Lessons in Analysis
Class Lessons in History of Music

7.50
7.50

$

16.00

2.50
7.00

7.00
7.50

|$

|

16.00

|$

|

|

I

48.00
29.25

|

|

.75

2.50
7.00

7.00
7.50

EXTRAS
Fee, Chemical Laboratory, (for course)
Fees, for Zoology, Botany, and special
Biology, each for course
Fees, for Physiology, Geology, Agriculture, each, for course
Fee, Domestic Science Cooking Labor-

—

|$

5.00

|

I

I

4.00

I

[

I

|

atory

2.00
2.00

Sewing Courses, charges for materials

|

|

I

used

2.00

|

MEMBERSHIP

IN SPECIAL CLASSES
Sewing or millinery, 10 lesson
Cooking, 10 lessons

$5.00 and material.
$6.00 or 75 cents per lesson.

*The Registration Fee in Main School carries with it free admission to all numbers of the Students' Lecture Course and all regularly scheduled games of foot
ball and base ball.

BLOOMSBURG

74

A

charge of 15 cents per piece is made for hauling bagBaggage is hauled by the school only on the opening and closing days of each term.
The scale of charges is made on the basis of two students to each room therefore students can not be accorded
the privilege of rooming alone without extra charges.
Bills for one term must be settled before students will
be permitted to enter upon the next term, unless by special
arrangement.
Diplomas will not be issued to those whose accounts

gage.

;

are unsettled.

Rooms engaged beforehand will not be reserved longer
than Tuesday of the first week of the term, except by special
arrangement.
Students not living at their own homes are required to
board in the school dormitories, except by special arrangement, made in accordance with conditions established by
the Board of Trustees. The Principal will make known
these conditions on request.
When a student's room in the dormitory is held for
him during his absence, and cannot be temporarily filled,
a charge of $1.00 per week is made.
Students are considered members of the School until
the Principal is notified of their withdrawal.

Class Memorials
Class
Class
Class
Class

— Marble Model Independence
— Bible for Chapel, and Reference Books.
1882 — Fountain on Lower Campus.
UniLibrary — Library
1883 — Nucleus

of 1876

Bell.

of

of 1879

of
of

of

of

versal

1884— Desk

Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class

of

Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class

of 1891
of 1892

for

Knowledge.
Study Hall.

of

— Clock for Auditorium.
1886— Model School Apparatus, $225.
1887— Relief Maps and Tellurian.

of

1888—Manikin.

of 1885

of

of 1889
of

1890— Stanford's Maps, Weights and
Measures.

of

of
of
of

— Columbian Encyclopedia.
— Curtain for Stage.

1893— Scholarship
1894— Scholarship
1895— Scholarship
1896— Scholarship

of $144.38.
of $159.95.
of $150.00.
of $103.05.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class

of

of
of
of
of
of

of
of
of

75

1897— Scholarship of $161.72.
1898— Scholarship of $150.00.
1899— Sun Dial.
1900— Scholarship of $203.85.
1901— Scholarship of $200.00.
1902— Scholarship of $150.00.
1903—$100 for use of Dept. of Pedagogy.
190-1
Fountain at Main Entrance.
1905— Scholarship of $200.00.

—

'

of 1906

—$300

for
$ 50 for

Department
Department

of

Languages.

of

Natural

Science.
$ 50 for Department of Gcografy.

$400
Class of

1907— $150

for

Department

of

Higher

Mathematics.
$130 for Department of English.
$130 for Department of History.

$410
Class of 1908

— Beautifying

Class of
Class of

—

Class of
Class of

and Improvement of
School Grove, $379.15.
1909— Boys' Recreation Room, $350.
1910 Fitting up Dressing Rooms and Refitting Chapel Stage, $350.
1911— Fire Escapes, $350.
1912 Concrete Walks, Steps and Bronze

—

Casts, $525.

Class of
Class
Class
Class
Class

of

of
of
of

Scholarship of $100.00.
1913
Stage Curtain and Rug, replacing Memorial of the Class of 1892, $400.
1914— Class of 1914 Book Fund, $250.
1915— New Hospital, $350.
1916 Concrete Pergola in the grove, $394.
1917 Botanical Conservatory.

—

—
—

Suggestions

Avoid tardiness

at the opening of the term.
Plan for continuous attendance to the end.
Be ready for work the hour it begins.
It is almost never the part of wisdom to plan to do the

work of two years in one.
The four years' course gives full work for four
Oaks cannot be grown as fast as mushrooms.

years.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS,

77

1916-17

Resident Graduates
Benson, Anna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Cole, Lillian, '11, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Elwell, Sara M., '05, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Fry, Harriet E., '02, Danville, Montour.
Herring, Jessie F., '09, Orangeville, Columbia.
Harrison, Emma, '16, Forks, Columbia.
Kendall, Kathleen, '16, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Little, Katherine, '15 & '16, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Meenahan, Frank

J.,

'16,

Shamokin, Northumberland.

Waller, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Under-Graduates
Abbott, Arthur M., Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Adams, Louise, Berwick, Columbia.
Ahlers, Annie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ahlers, Walter Paul, Bloomsburg Columbia.
Ale, Ambrose, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Altmiller, Florence, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Ammerman, Carl R., Sterling, Wayne.
Andreas, Nellie I., Mifflinviile, Columbia.
Andres, Helen G., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Andrews, Bertha, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Anthony, Ralph, Bear Creek, Luzerne.
Anzman, Madeline, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Arment, Armantine L., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Arment, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Arnold, Georgia F., Kingston, Luzerne.
Atherton, Florence, Hunlock's Creek, Luzerne.
Augenblick, Rebecca D., Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Aurand, Edna, Wilkes-Barrre, Luzerne.
Austin, Helen, Forty Fort, Luzerne.
Averill, Florence, Berwick, Columbia.
Avery, Mildred E., Mehoopany, Wyoming.
Baden, Ella E., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Bailey, Florence M., Berwick, Columbia.
Baird, Ruth, Laketon, Luzerne.
Bakeless, David, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Bakeless, Katharine H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Baker, Bertha, Espy, Columbia.
Baker, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Baker, Mary, E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Baker, Paul N., Espy, Columbia.
Bankes, Byron E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Bankes, Lester, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 5, Columbia.
Bankes, Maud, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 5, Columbia.
Bankes, Violus, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 5, Columbia.
Barber, Doris, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Barber, Emily, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Barkel, Calvin H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Barndt, Hester, Catawissa, Columbia.
Barnum, Margaret, West Berwick, Columbia.
Barrall, Otis R., Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Bavolack, Daniel, McAdoo, Schuylkill.

BLOOMSBURG
Beatty, Marie, Olyphant, Lackawanna.
Becker, Helen R., Plymouth, Luzerne.
Beckley, Kathryn, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Bednarek, George G., Jr., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Beehn, Laura M., Newfoundland, Wayne.
Beishline, S. D., Orangeville, R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Bell, Harriet M., Ashley, Luzerne.
Belles, Rupert, Benton, Columbia.
Bennett, Mark H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Benovitz, Esther, Dickson City, Lackawanna.
Benscoter, Erne, Peckville, Lackawanna.
Berger, Anna, Catawissa, Columbia.
Berger, Belle, Catawissa, Columbia.
Berger, Carl R., Lehighton, Carbon.
Berlew, Mildred, Pittston, Luzerne.
Berlew, Nora L., Dallas, Luzerne.
Bitler, Mary E., Pottsgrove, Northumberland.
Black, Lessing, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Boody, Leonard R., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Bower, Ruth I., Berwick, Columbia.
Boyer, Blanche, Paxtonville, Snyder.
Boyle, Hugh, Leviston, Carbon.
Boyle, Mary D., Drifton, Luzerne.
Brace, Katherine, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brace, Laura W., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brace, Leslie E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brace, Molly, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brader, Evangeline, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Breisch, Pearl M., Catawissa, Columbia.
Brennar, Marion, Brandonville, Schuylkill.
Brink, J. Frank, Benton, R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Brittain, Norma, Register, Luzerne.
Broadt, Bertha E., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Broadt, Elva, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Broadt, Emma, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Broadt, Florence, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Broadt, Hester, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Broadt, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brobst, Elva C, Sugarloaf, Luzerne.
Brotherton, Nellie, Forty Fort, Luzerne.
Brower, Mary E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Brown, Claude, Light Street, Columbia.
Brown, Margaret, Vanceboro, N. C.
Brown, Marion S., Forest City, Susquehanna.
Brown, Ruth A Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Brunstetter, G. H., Orangeville, Columbia.
Bryant, Myrtle E., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Buck, Leroy, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Bundy, Gladys M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Burns, Alice, Oneida, Schuylkill.
Burns, Nellie C, Danville, Montour.
Butler, Ella C
Angels, Wayne.
Button, Stuart C, Springville, Susquehanna.
Byers, Daniel H., Baltimore, Md.
Byers, Helen E., Baltimore, Md.
,

,

Cadman,

Emma

Caley, Margaret,

E.,

Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Wanamie, Luzerne.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

79

Callender, Wayne, Sweet Valley, Luzerne.
Camara, Alfonso, Merida- Yucatan.

Campbell, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Carey, Margaret, Freeland, Luzerne.
Castellani, Peter E., Old Forge, Lackawanna.
Caswell, Blanche M., Plymouth, Luzerne.
Caswell, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Chalfin, Harry I., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Chapin, Gueneviere, Kingston, Luzerne.
Cherrington, Paul L., Catawissa R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Cherrington, Ross M.. Catawissa, R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Christian, J. Loomis, Lopez, Sullivan.
Chromis, Mae, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Church, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Clapham, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Clark, L. Funston, Catawissa, Columbia.
Cleaver, Emma V., Elysburg, Columbia.
Cleaver, Grace K., Elysburg, Columbia.
Cocklin, Alice F., Shickshinny, Luzerne.
Cohen, Marx I., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Cole, Anna M., State College, Centre.
Colley, Beth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Colley, Martha R., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Colley, Mary, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Comas, Lorenza, Santiago, Cuba.

Comas, Rafael, Santiago, Cuba.
Conety, Esther E., Glen Summit, Luzerne.
Conahan, Helen, Beaver Brook, Luzerne.
Connors, Althea A., Lee, Luzerne.
Corcoran, Mollie A., Plains, Luzerne.
Corgan, Alberta, Kingston, Luzerne.
Costello, Anne E., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Cotner, Kathryn, Danville, R. D. No. 6, Montour.
Cox, Margaret M., Centralia, Columbia.
Creasy, Jean, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Creasy, Jessie, Dalton, Lackawanna.
Creasy, Leroy, Espy, Columbia.
Cromis, Allen L., Washingtonville, Montour.
Cromis, Marie, Washingtonville, Montour.
Cromley, Ada P., Strawberry Ridge, R. D. No. 1, Montour.
Crumb, Sadie M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Cryder, Margaret A., Berwick, Columbia.

Mary, Shenandoah, Schuylkill.
Cunningham, Christie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Cunningham, Susie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Cuff,

Curry, Isabel J., Parsons, Luzerne.
Curry, S. Eloise, Mooresburg, Montour.
Daniells, Lydia A., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Davenport, Edna M., Sweet Valley, Luzerne
Davis, Anna M., Ringtown, Schuylkill.
Davis, Grace M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Davis, Samuel, Ringtown, Schuylkill.
Dean, Martha B., Dorranceton, Luzerne.
Deaner, Hildred L., Mainville, Columbia.
Decker, Dorothy, North Mehoopany, Wyoming.
.

Deily, Edna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Delaney, Eugene, Plymouth, Luzerne.

BLOOMSBURG

80

Dennis, Hope, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Dennis, James, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Dennis, J. Elliott, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Deppen, Thelma, Dalmatia, Northumberland.
De Reamer, Verna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Derr, Charlotte M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Derr, Edgar M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Derr, G. Harry, Lairdsville, Lycoming.
Detato, Antonio, Pittston, Luzerne.
Devers, Anna E., Pittston, Luzerne.
Dice, Charles, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Dieffenbacher, M. Louisa, Jerseytown, Columbia.

Diemer, Mary J., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Dodson, Edna B., Berwick, Columbia.
Donovan, Anna, Beaver Meadow, Carbon.
Dormack, Walter, Detroit, Mich.
Doyle, John, Ashley, Luzerne.
Drake, LaRue, Light Street, Columbia.
Dreibelbis, F. Ralph, Virginville, Berks.
Duke, Blanche, Berwick, Columbia.
Dunlap, M. Elsie, Gracedale, Luzerne.
Dymond, Mabel L., Dallas, Luzerne.
Edgar, Dorothy, Espy, Columbia.

Edwards, Cridwyn E., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Edwards, Margaret, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Edwards, L. Mildred, Luzerne, Luzerne.
Edwards, Vida, Benton, Columbia.
Emanuel, John, Wilkes-Barre, R. D. No. 1, Luzerne.
Emmitt, Ethel, Danville, Montour.
Emmitt, John F., Danville, R. D. No. 3, Montour.
Emmitt, Sara, Danville, R. D. No. 3, Montour.
Engel, Rose, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
English, Frances I., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ent, Edna, Light Street, Columbia.
Enterline, Emily V., Turbotville, Montour.
Erwin, Ruth, Catawissa, Columbia.
Eshleman, Fay, Mifflin, Juniata.
Evans, Bessie H., Rendham, Lackawanna.
Evans, Eloise, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Evans, Melba, Olyphant, Lackawanna.
Eveland, Orville R., Huntington Mills, Luzerne.
Eyerly, Edwin, Jr., Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 5, Columbia.
Farrell,

Mae C, Mahanoy

Plane, Schuylkill.

Faus, Hester P., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Fester, Franklin E., Bloomsburg, R. D. No.
Fetterolf, Nita, Mifflinville, Columbia.
Fidler, John L., Espy, Columbia.
Fiore, Eleanora, Scranton, Lackawanna.
Fischer, Viola M., Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Fisher, Donald, Rupert, Columbia.
Fisher, Mary, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

C, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Flynn, Mary H., Centralia, Columbia.
Foote, Dorothy, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Foote, Paul, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Foster, Albert K., Wiconisco, Dauphin.
Fought, Raymond S., Millville, Columbia.
Flaherty, Irene

6,

Columbia.

BLOOMSBURG

82

Foust, Raymond K., Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 3, Columbia.
Fox, Annie E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Foye, Elva C, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Freas, Martha C, Berwick, Columbia.
Frew, Agnes, Olyphant, Lackawanna.
Fritz, Catherine, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Fritz, Charles, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Fritz, Sarah, Jamison City, Columbia.
Frumkin, Ida R., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Frumkin, Morris, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Fry, Ralph D., Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 2, Columbia.
Fullerton, Donald J., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Furman, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gaff, Frank,

Shenandoah, Schuylkill.

Gaffney, Kathryn M., Pittston, Luzerne.
Garrison, Sarah C, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gass, Helen, Danville, Montour.
Gearhart, Evelyn, Danville, Montour.
Gennaria, Charles R., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Gensemer, Lillian
Getty,

Raymond

Bloomsburg, Columbia.

O.,
F.,

Catawissa, R. D. No.

5,

Columbia.

Gheen, Carl, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gift, J. Claire, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gift, Robert W., Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gilbert, Marjorie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gilbert, Miriam W., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gillespie,

Mary, Hazleton, Luzerne.

Gingles, Horace H., Jerseytown, Columbia.
Ginley, Theresa D., Girardville, Schuylkill.
Ginnis, Andrew L., Catawissa, Columbia.
Girton, Robert H., Danville, R. D. No. 3, Montour.
Good, Zareta, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Gordon, William, Pittston, Luzerne.

Gorham, Anthony F., Ashley, Luzerne.
Gorman, Clara, Girardville, Schuylkill.
Gotshall, Lola I., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gray, Franklin, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 3, Columbia.

Greener, Florence M., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
T
Gregory, Helen E.,
ilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Griffith, Joseph, Connerton, Schuylkill.
Griffiths, Muriel, Taylor, Lackawanna.
Grimes, Ellamae, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Grimes, Joseph S., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Gronka, Rose, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Gross, Ruth V., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Grossman, Lena, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Guckavan, Marie, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Hackenberg, Ernestine, Northumberland, R. D. No.
Hacker, Bertha M., Peckville, Lackawanna.
Hackett, Cadwallader E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hagemeyer, Martha, Scranton, Lackawanna.
Hahn, Edith, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Harley, Anna C, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.

W

Harmany, Lee

A.,

Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Harris, Charles D., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Harrison, Bertelle, Shickshinny, Luzerne.
Harrison, Dorothy, Plymouth, Luzerne.

1,

North'd.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Hart, Ralph, Nescopeck, Luzerne.
Hartline, H. Keffer, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hartzell, Laura A., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hassert, Claire, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Hatcher, Kenneth W., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hayes, Bessie, Wilkes-Barre, R. D. No. 1, Luzerne.
Healey, Genevieve, Pittston, Luzerne.
Hedden, Claire, Benton, Columbia.
Heimbach, Alice, Pittston, Luzerne.
Heller, Edwin S., Dorranceton, Luzerne.
Henrie, Margaret, Millville, Columbia.
Henry, Martha, Berwick, Columbia.
Henrie, William, Danville, Montour.
Henry, C. Ruth, Tower City, Schuylkill.
Henwood, Grace M., Dunmore, Lackawanna.
Herman, Almira, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Herman, Carl, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Herman, Frances E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Herman, William, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Herring, Dorothy, Orangeville, Columbia.
Hess, Florence L., West Pittston, Luzerne.
Hetler, Eleanor, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hicks, Loretta, Bloomsburg, Columbia,
Higgins, Jerome J., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Hill, F. Harriett, Beach Haven, Luzerne.

Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Rebecca, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Hite, Frederick S., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hoag, Esther, Nescopeck, Luzerne.
Hill, Olive,
Hill,

Hobbs, E. A., LaPlume, Lackawanna.
Hobensack, Miriam, Lewisburg, Union.
Hodder, John, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Hodgson, Clarence T., York, York.
Hodgson, Ruth, Avoca, Luzerne.
Hoffman, Karleen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hofnagle, Harold, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hopper, Paul G., Espy, Columbia.
Hower, Max, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Howland, Warren, Binghamton, N. Y.
Hoyt, Kittie B., Jermyn, Lackawanna.
Hummel, Foster M., Light Street, Columbia.
Hutton, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hutton, Neal, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hutton, Oswald, Berwick, Columbia.
Hutton, Emily, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Hutton, Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ikeler, Roy, Millville, Columbia.
Isaacs, Annie E., Kingston, Luzerne.
James, Anna L., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Jenkins, Nan, Nesquehoning, Carbon.
Jennings, Kathryn, North Mehoopany, Wyoming.
John, Hazel, Catawissa, Columbia.
Johns, Howard P., Jr., Forest City, Susquehanna.
Johnson, Lillian, Catawissa, Columbia.
Jones, Arthur, Ashley, Luzerne.
Jones, Edward C, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Jones, Elsie A., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.

83

BLOOMSBURG

84

Jones,
Jones,
Jones,
Jones,

Freda

E.,

Kingtson, Luzerne.

Louise, Nanticoke, Luzerne.

Margaret, Ariel, Wayne.
Muriel E., Audenried, Carbon.
Jordan, Rema E., Dalton, R. D. No. 3, Lackawanna.
Joyce, Walter L., Pittston, Luzerne.
Kabusk, Nellie M., Kingston, Luzerne.

Kahny, Mary
Kaiser,

C. C, Saltsburg, Indiana.
Ruth C, Elysburg, Northumberland.

Kase, Katharine M., Riverside, Northumberland.
Keen, Carrie, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Kehler, Miriam, Locust Dale, Schuylkill.
Kehler, Ronald E., Locust Dale, Schuylkill.
Keiser, Myrtle E., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Keller, George J., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Keller, William U., Unityville, Lycoming.
Kelly, Julia, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kelly, Mabel, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kennedy, Veronica M., Minersville, Schuylkill.
Kenney, Julia, Tuscarora, Schuylkill.
Kepner, Mary K., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Kepner, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kerstetter, Jean D., Liverpool, Perry.
Kerstetter, M. Irene, Northumberland, Northumberland.
Kester, Paul E., Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 1, Columbia.
Kester, Ray R., Millville, Columbia.
Kester, Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kester, Vida, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kester, W. Fred, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kilcoyne, Marion, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Killgore, R. Sinclair, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Kimble, Alice, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Kindig, Bruce, Harveyville, Luzerne.
Kindig, Ralph W., Harveyville, Luzerne.
Kishbach, Grace, Gordon, Schuylkill.
Kline, M. Genevieve, Mt. Carmel, Northumberland.
Kline, Sadie G., Register, Luzerne.
Klingaman, Foster E., Berwick, Columbia.
Klingaman, Ray H., Mainville, Columbia.
Klinger, Allen L., Gratz, Dauphin.
Knedler, J. Warren, Moscow, Lackawanna.
Knoll, Gertrude, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Knouse, Helen, Benton, Columbia.
Koons, Elizabeth, Shickshinny, Luzerne.
Kovelkoskie, Clarence T., Shamokin, Northumberland.
Kresge, Clara A., Freeland, Luzerne.
Kressler, Russell, Nanticoke, Luzerne.

Krum, Arnold,

Danville, Montour.

Kurtz, Nellie M., Lewisburg, Union.
Lage, Francisco, Habana, Cuba.
Lanning, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Lanning, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Laudig, J. Frear, Deseronto, Ontario.
Law, Hannah W., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Law, James, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Leach, Bernard M., Shenandoah, Schuylkill.
Lecher, Gertrude C, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Lecher, Grace H., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Lee, Harold, Orangeville, Columbia.
Leonard, Charles W., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Leonard, Harry, Scranton, Lackawanna.
LeVan, Katie, Catawissa, Columbia.
Lewis, Mabel, Hawley, Wayne.
Lewis, William W., Trevorton, Northumberland.
Lineberg, Franklin, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Lineberg, Irma, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Linville, Leta M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Lohman, Elmer, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Long, Clark, Berwick, Columbia.
Long, E. Paul, Trevorton, R. D. No. 1, Northumberland.
Long, John M., Trevorton, R. D. No. 1, Northumberland.
Longshore, Jennie W., Shamokin, Northumberland.
Longstreet, Samuel, Jr., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Lopez, Victor E., Merida, Mexico.
Lord, Gertrude, Mt. Carmel, Northumberland.
Lord, Helen E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Lord, Helen G., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Lott, Beatrice, Forest City, Susquehanna.

Lowenberg, Clare, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Lowenberg, Elsie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Luchs, Clyde R., Angels, Wayne.
Ludwig, Miriam, Catawissa, Columbia.
Ludwig, Ruth, Nescopeck, Luzerne.
Lundahl, Esther, Ringtown, Schuylkill.
McCarthy, Helen M., Scranton, Lackawanna.
McDonald, Elizabeth, Avoca, Luzerne.
McDermott, Thomas D., Peckville, Lackawanna.
McDonald, Anthony J., Centralia, Columbia.
McDowell, John, Light Street, Columbia.

McDyer, Grace, Coaldale, Schuylkill.
McFadden, Katharine, Hazleton, Luzerne.
McGill, Mary S., Jeddo, Luzerne.
McGill, Sara A., Jeddo, Luzerne.

McHenry, John F., Stillwater, Columbia.
McHenry, Rachael, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

McHugh, Margaret, Hazleton, Luzerne.
McKeon, Anna, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
McLane, Anna H., Scranton, Lackawanna.
MacManamon, Marie M., Ashley, Luzerne.
McManus, Mary F., Shenandoah, Schuylkill.
McManus, Mary M., Locust Gap, Northumberland.
Magee, Harry, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Maher, Elizabeth R., Hopbottom, Susquehanna.
Manteca, Rogelio, Mexico City, Mexico.
Marce, Baudilio R, Santiago, Cuba.
Mariscal, Rafael, Sagua la Grande, Cuba.
Marks, Gerald E., Plymouth, Luzerne.
Martin, Alice C, Mahanoy City, Schuylkill.
Martin, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Martin, William H., Philadelphia, Philadelphia.
Masteller, Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Mauser, Max H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Mauser, Pauline, Danville, Montour.
Maust, Agnes G., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

85

BLOOMSBURG

86

Maust, Laura Mae, Jerseytown, Columbia.
Maust, Mabel E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Meder, Vitella, Fountain Springs, Schuylkill.
Medo, Edith, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Meehan, Mary, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Melan, Genevieve, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Melick, Harland, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 4, Columbia.
Mellick, Joseph, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Melick, Lena, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 4, Columbia.
Mendez, Carlos, Bloomsburg, R. D. No. 1, Columbia.
Merkal, Leah R., Catawissa, Columbia.
Mileham, Mildred F., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Miles, Rachel, Kingston, Luzerne.
Millard, Pauline R., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, Charles F., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, Clyde A., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, David B., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, Dorothy C, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, Elizabeth G., Ashland, Schuylkill.
Miller, Mary Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Miller, Ralph E., Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Monahan, Rose, Girardville, Schuylkill.

Montgomery,

Clara, Orangeville, Columbia.
Moore, Blanche, Berwick, Columbia.
Moore, Dorothy J. C, Shamokin, Northumberland.
Moore, Zach, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Moorehead, Harriette, Pottsgrove, Northumberland.
Morgan, Arthur C, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Morris, D. R. Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Morris, Minnie, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Moss, Mary J., Plymouth, Luzerne.
Moss, Warner A., Hunlock s Creek, Luzerne.
Moyer, Miriam, Orangeville, Columbia.
Moyle, Elizabeth, Plymouth, Luzerne.

Mullen, Mary D., Honesdale, Wayne.
Murphy, Mary, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Musgrave, James, Moscow, R. D. No.

1,

Lackawanna.

Myers, Anna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Myers, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Needle, Esther, Throop, Lackawanna.
Newell, Geo., Gouldsboro, Wayne.
Nicholson, Grace, Jermyn, Lackawanna.
Noble, David, Berwick, Columbia.
Nyhart, Arline, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Nyhart, Geraldine, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
O'Brien, Martha E., Benton, R. D. No. 1, Columbia.
O'Donnell, Clara, Girardville, Schuylkill.
O'Donnell, Margaret, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Orndorf, Mary R., Danville, Montour.
O'Rourke, Helen F., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Osuna, Pedro, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Padagomas, Lucy, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Paddon, Marion, Priceburg, Lackawanna.
Page, Walter, Mt. Pleasant Mills, Snyder.
Papciak, Nellie, Glen Lyon, Luzerne.
Patterson, J. Claire, Orangeville, Columbia.
Patterson, Ottis, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

E
o
o
S
_o
'>->

a
a>

o
<u

o

BLOOMSBURG
Patterson, Rowena, Nescopeck, Luzerne.
Peck, Jane, Forty Fort, Luzerne.
Peckham, Florence, Scranton, Lackawanna.
Pegg, Esther, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Pegg, Harold J., Buckhorn, Columbia.
Pegg, William, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Pennington, Anna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Pennington, Hildra, Millville, Columbia.
Perez, Evaristo, Sagua la Grande, Cuba.
Pettebone, Margaret, Kingston, Luzerne.
Phillips, Marian L., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Piatt, Beatrice, Mainville, Columbia.
Piatt, Richard, Girardville, Schuylkill.

Pollock, Dorothy, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Pollock, Mary A., Strawberry Ridge, Montour.
Pollock, Miles, Strawberry Ridge, Montour.

Pope, Ruth G., Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Poust, Lyle, Orangeville, Columbia.
Powell, Anna M., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Powell, Mary, Miners Mills, Luzerne.
Pressler, Herman, Lime Ridge, Columbia.
Probert, Elizabeth, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Pursell, Anna, Burnham, Mifflin.
Pursel, Beatrice E., Danville, Montour.
Pursel, Celia E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Pursell, Edna M., Shenandoah, Schuylkill.
Pursel, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Pursel, Marjory, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Pyne, Caroline, Plymouth, Luzerne.
Quick, Ruth, Berwick, Columbia.
Quinnan, Rose, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Quinney, Evalyn, Hawley, Wayne.
Ramage, Russell A., Pittston, Luzerne.
Rarig, Fanny, Numidia, Columbia.
Rees, John B., Taylor, Lackawanna.
Rees, Theodore D., Taylor, Lackawanna.
T
Rehill, Kathleen,
ilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Reichard, Mary, Milton, Northumberland.
Reider, Hilda A., Trevorton, Northumberland.

W

Reilly, John J., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Reitz, Harold, Dornsife, Northumberland.

Remensnyder, Anna, Shickshinny, Luzerne.
V., Sunbury, Northumberland.

Renner, Grace

Wm. H., Catawissa, Columbia.
Rhoads, Helen C. (Girton) Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Rhoads, Mary, Numidia, Columbia.
Rhodes, Walter M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Rice, Howard, Espy, Columbia.
Rice, Mildred, Espy, Columbia.
Rhawn,

Richards, Anna M., Peckville, Lackawanna.
Richards, Earl E., Mountain Top, Luzerne.
Richards, Fred J., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Richards, Phoebe M., Light Street, Columbia.
Richart, John E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Richardson, John L., Jr., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Richardson, Maine E., Mahanoy City, Schuylkill.
Ridall, Beatrice, Shickshinny, Luzerne.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Rifkin, Lillian H., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.

Rishton, Tom P., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Roat, Esther, Kingston, Luzerne.
Robbins, George A., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Robbins, Rachel, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Robbins, Rhoda, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Robinson, John, Berwick, Columbia.
Robinson, Olive O., Honesdale, Wayne.
Robinson, Ruth, M., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Rommel, Mary Ford, Pittston, Luzerne.
Rosell, Victor J., Trujillo, Peru.
Rovaine, Francisco, Santiago, Cuba.

Row, Kathryn, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Royer, May D., Nescopeck, Luzerne.
Roys, G. Emily, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ruddy, Helen, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Runyon, Marion, Alden Station, Luzerne.
Russell, Mildred E., Rome, Bradford.
Ruth, John J., Hellertown, Northampton.
Rutter, Betty, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Rutter, Wm. McK., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ryan, Lucille, Plymouth, Luzerne.
Ryan, Nan A., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Saltzer, Hester, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sands, Donald, Orangeville, Columbia.
Santee, Clara W., Conyngham, Luzerne.
Schaeffer, John, Shenandoah, Schuylkill.
Schaller, Mary F., Hazleton, Luzerne.
Schlegel, Harry, Urban, Northumberland.
Schuyler, Thursabert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Scriven, Augusta, Olyphant, Lackawanna.
Search, Margaret, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Seiler, Camille, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Seltzer, Alva, Ringtown, Schulykill.
Shaffer, Frederick H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Shaffer, Laura C, Berwick, R. D. No. 3, Columbia.

Shales, Ernest, Wilkes-Bare, Luzerne.

Shannon, Nora

I.,

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.

Sharpless, Harriet E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sharpless, Myra S., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Shaw, Esther R., Broadway, Luzerne.
Shearer, Bruce M., Willow Hill, Franklin.
Sherwin, Arthur, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sherman, Carlton, Plymouth, Luzerne.
Shirk, Caroline, Burnham, Mifflin.
Shultz, Sara L., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Shuman, Harriette, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Shuman, John, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Shuman, Josephine, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Shuman, Melba, Mainville, Columbia.
Shuman, Sara, Catawissa, Columbia.
Siegfried, Flossie, Benton,. Columbia.
Silvius, Ruth, Sunbury, Northumberland.
Sites, Carrie, Hallstead, Susquehanna.
Smith, Arline, Ashley, Luzerne.

Smith, Edmond, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Smith, Henry, Bloomsburg, Columbia.

89

BLOOMSBURG

90

Margaret, Mahanoy City, Schuylkill.
Mary Agnes, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Paul, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ruth, Center Hall, Centre
Theodore, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Victoria, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Zola, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Smoyer, Madolyn, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Snyder, Alice, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Snyder, Freda B., Dallas, R. D. No. 3, Luzerne.
Snyder, Guy, Mountain Top, Luzerne.
Snyder, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sonn, Clara, Throop, Lackawanna.
Sosa, Miguel, Isabela Sagua, Cuba.
Sotolongo, Israel, Havana, Cuba.
Soule, Blanche, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Spangler, Helen, New Berlin, Lnion.
Speary, F. Ruth, Wilkes- Barre, Luzerne.

Smith,
Smith,
Smith,
Smith,
Smith,
Smith,
Smith,

Spencer, Kathryn M., Mahanoy City, Schuylkill.
Sperling, Ida, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Splain, Ella, Berwick, Columbia.
Stackhouse, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Stackhouse, Ruth E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sterner, Alice, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Stetler,

Evelyn

A.,

Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Stevens, Reuben, Madisonville, Lackawanna.
Stocker, Miriam, Milton, R. D. No. 3, Northumberland.
Stroh, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sutliff, Emily, Fairmount Springs, Luzerne.
Sutliff, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sutliff, Nellie, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Sutliff, Robert, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Sutton, Margaret, Wyoming, Luzerne.
Suwalski, Amelia, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Sweeney, Elizabeth, Shaft, Schuylkill.
Sweeney, Frances R., Scranton, Lackawanna.
Sweetwood, Ida J., Centre Hall, Centre.
Swortwood, Burrell, Mountain Top, Luzerne.
Sypniewski, Helen, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Taylor, Martha, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Teel, Anastasia, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Terwilliger, Reginald, Light Street, Columbia.
Thomas, F. Harold, Gracedale, Luzerne.
Thomas, William J., Gracedale, Luzerne.
Tiffany, Alice, Kingsley, Susquehanna.

Titman, Ruth E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Titman, Selena M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Tosh, Beatrice, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Townsend, Dawn E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Townsend, Anne Kathryn, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Traub, Frank, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Traub, John Howard, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Treon, Margaret, Turbotville, Northumberland.
Trimble, James, Bloomingdale, Luzerne.
Tripp, Anna, Pittston, R. D. No. 3, Luzerne.
Troy, Donald Joy, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Troy, Irene, Mifflinville, Columbia.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

91

Trump, Marguerite, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Trump, Rolandus, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Turner, Freda, Alden Station, Luzerne.
Turner, Lee, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Ulrich, Marie, Strawberry Ridge, Montour.
Unger, Marion, Orangeville, Columbia.
Vance, Cordelia, Orangeville, Columbia.
Vanderslice, Sadie D., Bloomsburg, R. D. No.
Vannatta, Helen, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Vannatta, Margaret, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Vannatta, Rosanna, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Varker, Mabel, Alden Station, Luzerne.
Vavolo, John B., Pittston, Luzerne.
Veale, Edna C, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Wagner, Esther, Milroy, Mifflin.
Wagner, Lawrence, Conyngham, Luzerne.
Wagner, Lillian, Hazleton, Luzerne.

3,

Columbia.

Wagner, May, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Walker, Leonora, Northumberland, Northumberland.
Walters, Ruth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Walton, Lena, Berwick, Columbia.
W7 alty, Marguerite M., Dorranceton, Luzerne.
Wanich, Creasy, Light Street, Columbia.
Warner, Agnes, Laceyville, Wyoming.
Waters, Katherine, Catawissa, Columbia.
Watrous, Alice M., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Watrous, Marguerite, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Watts, Helen E., Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne.
Way, Frances, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Weber, Mahlon M., Alexandria, Huntingdon.
Welker, Esther M., Williamsport, Lycoming.
Welker, Ruth M., Shamokin, Northumberland.
Welliver, Eugene, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Welliver, Miriam E., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Welliver, R. Carman, Danville, Montour.
Werkheiser, Charlotte, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Werkheiser, Warner, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wertman, Milroy, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wheatley, Amina, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wiant, Herman E., Huntington Mills, Luzerne.
Wiant, Jessie, Shickshinny, Luzerne.
Wiant, J. Stewart, Huntington Mills, Luzerne.
Wieland, Edwina, Linden Hall, Centre.
Wigfall, Elizabeth, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
T
ilcox, Cora D., West Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Wilkes, Blanche, Wanamie, Luzerne.
Wilkinson, Abbie, Dornsife, Northumberland.
Wilkinson, Ida, Dornsife, Northumberland.
Wilkinson, Ralph, Trevorton, Northumberland.
Williams, Edward, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Williams, Elizabeth, Alden Station, Luzerne.
Willliams, Jane, Edwardsville, Luzerne.
Williams, Margaret, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
Williams, Mary E., Sugar Notch, Luzerne.
Williams, Ruth, Taylor, Lackawanna.
Williams, Stanford, Shickshinny, R. D. No. 4, Luzerne.
Williams, Thomas H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.

W

BLOOMSBURG

92

Wilson, Frank H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wilson, Ida G., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wintle, Gretchen, Pittston, Luzerne.
Witchey, Fred B., Mountain Grove, Luzerne.
Witchey, Violet, Mountain Grove, Luzerne.

W olf,
T

Helen

E.,

Bloomsburg, Columbia.

Wolfe, Charles R., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Wolfe, Marjorie, Millville, Columbia.
Woodring, Dorothy, St. John's, Luzerne.
Woodward, Edwin D., Plains, Luzerne.
Yocum, Myron C, Catawissa, Columbia.
Yost, Edward H., Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Young, H. Dana, Plymouth, Luzerne.
Young, H. Robins, Mifninburg, Union.
Young, Ruth, Catawissa, Columbia.
Youngman, Beatrice, Hazleton, Luzerne.
Zarr, Ben, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Zarr, Jean, Bloomsburg, Columbia.
Zehner, David W., Sugarloaf, Luzerne.
Zeliff, Courson, Washingtonville, Montour.
Zelinsky, Agnes E., Cressona, Schuylkill.
Zierdt, Miriam G., Hazleton, Luzerne.

SUMMARY OF STUDENTS
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number

during Fall Term
during Winter Term
during Spring Term
of boys during the year
of girls during the year
Total enrollment

675
666
687
254
503
757

THE ALUMNI
Alumni Association
Annual Meeting, Commencement Day

OFFICERS
President, Geo. E. Elwell, B.L.I., '67.
Vice President, D. J. Waller, Jr., B.L.I., '67.
Corresponding Secretary, G. E. Wilbur.
Recording Secretary, S. J. Johnston, '93.
Treasurer, H. E. Rider, '04.

Executive Committee
Prof. O. H.
Prof. C. H.
Mrs. F. H.
Harriet, F.

Bakeless, '79, Chairman.
Albert, 79.
Jenkins, '75.

Carpenter,

'96.

Alumni Association

of

Annual Meeting, Week

of

Luzerne County
County

OFFICERS
President, G. J. Clark, '83.
Treasurer, B. Frank Myers, '88.
Secretary, Nan S. Wintersteen, '98.

Institute

o

BLOOMSBURG

94

Alumni Association

Lackawanna County

of

Annual Meeting, Week

County

of

Institute

OFFICERS
President, C. R. Powell, '83.
Vice President, W. H. Jones, '00.
Treasurer, John Jones, '12.
Secretary, Mamie Morgan, '95.

Alumni Association

Susquehanna County

of

Annual Meeting, Week

County Institute

of

OFFICERS
President, Mae M. Byington, '13.
Vice President, Helen Reynolds, '16.
Secretary, Anna Kroeger, '16.
Treasurer, Annette McCormick, '16.

Alumni Association

of Schuylkill

Annual Meeting, Week

County

County Institute

of

OFFICERS
President, Richard W. McHale, '90.
Secretary and Treasurer, Anna Curtin,

Alumni Association

of

'12.

Dauphin County

OFFICERS
President, R. A. Ronemus, '01.
Vice President, L. H. Dennis, '99.
Secretary, Mrs. Walter M. Swope.
Treasurer, Mary Pendergast, '95.

Alumni Association

of

Wayne County

OFFICERS
President, Harold C. Box, '10.
Secretary and Treasurer, Florence L. Walters,

Alumni Association

of Mifflin

'14.

County

OFFICERS
President, John B. Boyer, '04.
Vice President, Edith Cole, '12.
Secretary, H. W. Ramer, '12.

Alumni Association

of

Snyder County

OFFICERS
President, Dr. A. J. Herman, '92.
Secretary and Treasurer, Sue E. Toole,

'09.

of Lycoming County
Organized at Muncy, December 29, 1910

Alumni Association

OFFICERS
Mary

Truckenmiller, '98.
Secretary and Treasurer, W. J. Farnsworth,
President,

'05.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Alumni Association

95

Wyoming County

of

OFFICERS
President, Dr. Chas. H. O'Neil, '93.
Vice President, Mrs. Adelaide McKown Hawke, '89.
Secretary and Treasurer, Jessie R. Dersheimer, '13.

Alumni Association

of

Northumberland County

OFFICERS
President,
Secretary,
Treasurer,

Benjamin Apple,

Ruth

F. Nicely,

Harry Ramer,

'89.

'13.
'12.

Alumni Association

of

Union County

OFFICERS
President, Paul C. Snyder, '02.
Vice President, Nellie Fetterolf,

'04.

Secretary, Helen Bingman.
Treasurer, Lauretta Latshaw, '96

of Montour County
OFFICERS

Alumni Association

Organized December 23, 1915
President, Fred W. Diehl, '09.
Vice President, Winifred Evans, '00.
Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. Jennie Moore,

Alumni Association

of

New York

'84.

City and Vicinity

OFFICERS
President,

W.

C. Fisher,

'05.

Vice President, Dr. A. K. Aldinger,
Secretary, Mrs. C. C. Shuman, '01.
Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. F.

Alumni Association

of

'04.

W. McMurray,

'04.

Carbon County

OFFICERS
President, E. P. Heckert, '95.
Secretary and Treasurer, Alice Fenner,

GRADUATES OF

'93.

1917

Normal Course
Arnold, Georgia Frances, 59 Vaughn St., Kingston.
Atherton, Florence Leatha, Hunlock's Creek.
Avery, Mildred E., Mehoopany.
Baden, Ella Elaine, 100 N. Pine St., Hazleton.
Baker, Mary Elizabeth, Bloomsburg.
Barnum, Margaret Estella, 1515 Spring Garden Ave., W. Berwick.
Barrall, O. R., 276 E. Green St., Nanticoke.
Beckley, Kathryn Angela, 122 E. Green St., Nanticoke.

Beehn, Lura Mae, Newfoundland.
Bell, Harriet M., 93 Mary St., Ashley.
Belles, Francis Rupert, Benton.

BLOOMSBURG

96

Benscoter, Effie Maud, 750 Main St., Peckville.
Berlew, Mildred, 306 Delaware Ave., Pittston.
Berlew, Nora Leona, Dallas.
Bitler, Mary Eva, Pottsgrove.
Bower, Ruth Irene, 1328 W. Front St., Berwick.
Boyer, Blanche, Paxtonville.
Boyle, Hugh E., Leviston.
Breisch, Pearl May, Catawissa.
Brink, J. Frank, Benton, R. D. No. 2.
Broadt, Bertha E., 104 S. Poplar St., Hazleton.
Brobst, Elva C, Sugarloaf.
Brown, Marion S., Forest City.
Brown, Ruth A., 522 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre.
Brunstetter, Guy H., Orangeville.
Bryant, Myrtle Elizabeth, 144 Dana St., Wilkes-Barre.
Buck, Daniel Leroy, Bloomsburg.
Button, Stuart Clinton, Springville.
Caley, Margaret, 2 E. Main St., Wanamie.
Caswell, Blanch Mason, 402 E. Main St., Plymouth.
Chalfin, Harry, Bloomsburg.
Chapin, Gueneviere, 42 Goodwin St., Kingston.
Cohen, Marx Irving, 353 S. River St., Wilkes-Barre.
Conahan, Helen Beatrice, Beaver Brook.
Corcoran, Mollie Agnes, Plains.
Cox, Margaret Mary, Centralia.
Cromis, Allen L., Washingtonville.
Curry, Isabel Jane, 102 Henry St., Plains.
Davis, Grace Margaret, Bloomsburg.
Dean, Martha Blanchard, 107 Park Place, Dorranceton.
Decker, Dorothy O., North Mehoopany.
Delaney, Eugene Leo, Plymouth.
Dennis, Hope, Bloomsburg.
Derr, George Harry, Lairdsville.
Dieffenbacher, Mary Louisa, Jerseytown.
Dunlap, Elsie, Gracedale.
Dymond, Mabel, Dallas, R. D. No. 3.
Emmitt, Sara, Danville, R. D. No. 3.
Enterline, Emily Vietta, Turbotville.
Evans, Bessie Howell, 103 Center St., Rendham.
Evans, Melba, 130 2d St., Olyphant.
Faus, Hester Pearl, Bloomsburg.
Fiore, Eleanor, 1345 N. Main Ave., Scranton.
Fisher, Mary Leota, Mainville.
Flaherty, Irene Cecelia, 39 Parrish St., Wilkes-Barre.
Frew, Agnes Parry, 509 3d St., Olyphant.
Garrison, Sarah Corinne, Bloomsburg.

Gensemer, Lillian
Getty,

Raymond

O.,
F.,

Bloomsburg.
Catawissa, R. D. No.

Bloomsburg.
Ginley, Theresa D., 420 N. Main

5.

Gift, J. Claire,

St.,

Girardville.

Greener, Florence May, 212 Dana St., Wilkes-Barre.
Gregory, Helen E., 39 Madison St., Wilkes-Barre.
Grimes, Ellamae, Bloomsburg.
Grossman, Lena, 81 S. Pine St., Hazleton.
Hacker, Bertha M., 413 Keystone Ave., Kingston.
Heller, Edwin S., 97 Walnut St., Dorranceton.
Hoag, Esther, Nescopeck.

BLOOMSBURG

98

Hobbs, Ervin A., La Plume.
Hodgson, Clarence Thomas, 925 \V. College Ave., York.
Hodgson, Ruth, Avoca.
Hoyt, Kittie B., Jermyn.
Isaacs, Annie E., 60 Slocum St., Kingston.
James, Anna Lois, 41 S. Grant St., Wilkes-Barre.
Jenkins, Xan Rachel, Xesquehoning.
Jennings, Kathryn, North Mehoopany.
Johnson,

Lillian,

Catawissa.

Grove St., Wilkes-Barre.
Freda Ellsworth, 252 Chestnut Ave Kingston.
Louise Beddow, 267 E. Green St., Nanticoke.
Walter L., 140 Butler St., Pittston.
Kahny, Mary C. C, Saltsburg.
Keiser, Myrtle Estelle, 476 Hazle Ave., Wilkes-Barre.
Keller, William L'nger, Unityville.
Kelly, Mabel R., Bloomsburg.
Kester, Fred, Bloomsburg, R. D.
Kester, Veda Elizabeth, Bloomsburg.

Jones,
Jones,
Jones,
Joyce,

Elsie Andora, 16

,

S., 65 Carlisle St., Wilkes-Barre.
Kindig, Bruce, Harveyville.
Kindig, Ralph W., Harveyville.
Kline, Marion Genevieve, 130 X. Maple St., Mt. Carmel.
Kresge, Clara Alice, 952 Walnut St., Freeland.
Lecher, Gertrude Consuelo, 54 Terrace St., Wilkes-Barre.
Lecher, Grace Helen, 162 Carey Ave., Wilkes-Barre.
Lewis, Mabel, Hawley.
Lord, Gertrude M., 305 S. Maple St., Mt. Carmel.
Lord, Helen Elizabeth, Bloomsburg.
Luchs, Clyde Robert, Angels.
McCarthy, Helen Mary, 618 Gibbons St., Scranton.
McGill, Sara A., Jeddo.
McHenry, John Franklin, Stillwater.
McHenry, Rachel, Bloomsburg
McHugh, Margaret M., 602 Alter St., Hazleton.
McManus, Mary Flavia, 118 S. Grant St., Shenandoah.
Maher, Elizabeth M. R., Hopbottom.
Maust, Agnes, Bloomsburg.
Maust, Mabel Eleanor, Bloomsburg.
Mileham, Mildred Furman, 131 Moyallen St., Wilkes-Barre.

Killgore, R.

Miller,

Dorothy, Bloomsburg.

Mitchell, Arline, Shickshinny.
Monahan, Rose, Girardville.
Moss, Mary Jane, 111 W. Main
Murphy, Mary Gertrude, 614 X.

Plymouth.
Church St., Hazleton.

St.,

Myers, S. Anna, Bloomsburg.
Xyhart, Arline M., 9 Oxford St., Wilkes-Barre.
Xyhart, Margaret Geraldine, Glen Lyon.
O'Donnell, Clara, Girardville.

O'Rourke, Helen Frances, 392 Hazle St., Wilkes-Barre.
Osuna, Pedro, Bloomsburg.
Padagomas, Lucy, Glen Lyon.
Papciak, Xellie, Glen Lyon.
Peck, Jane M., Forty Fort.
Pegg, Esther, Bloomsburg.
Pettebone, Margaret Louise, 41 Hoyt St., Kingston.
Powell,

Anna Mary,

1109

Grandview

St.,

Scranton.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL
Pursel, Anna M., Burnham.
Pyne, Caroline, 301 Shawnee Ave., Plymouth.
Quinney, Evelyn Rush, Hawley.
Ramage, Russell A., 98 Center St., Pittston.
Reichard, Mary Alma, E. Hepburn St., Milton.
Reider, Hilda A., Market St., Trevorton.
Rice, Mildred M., Espy.
Richards, Anna Mae, 234 Hickory St., Peckville.
Richards, Earl E., Mountain Top.
Richards, Phoebe Marie, Light Street.
Rifkin, Lillian Helen, 78 Lincoln St., Wilkes-Barre.
Row, Kathryn, Bloomsburg.

Runyon, Marion Elizabeth, Alden Station.
Russell, Mildred E., Rome.
Ryan, Anna A., 343 New Grant St., Wilkes-Barre.
Schaller, Mary Frances, 180 S. Cedar St., Hazleton.
Search, Margaret E., 262 Madison St., Wilkes-Barre.
Shaffer, Frederick H., Bloomsburg.
Shirk, Caroline V., Burnham.

Shuman, Harriette John, Bloomsburg.
Silvius, Ruth Virginia, 9th and Race St., Sunbury.
Smith, Arline, 8 W. Germania St., Ashley.
Smith, Ruth, Centre Hall.
Smith, Theodore Paul, Bloomsburg.
Snyder, Alice, Bloomsburg.
Sutliff, Emilv, Fairmount Springs.
Sutliff, Nellie G, 6 W. Green St., Nanticoke.
Suwalski, Amelia, 7 E. Green St., Nanticoke.
Tiffany, Alice H., Kingsley.
Titman, Selena M., Bloomsburg.
Tripp, Anna Mae, Pittston, R. D. No. 3.
Turner, Freda A., 4 Gruver St., Alden Station.
Vanderslice, Sadie D., Bloomsburg R. D. No. 3
Varker, Mabel Audrey, Alden Station.
Vavolo, John B., 141 Parsonage St., Pittston.
Veale, Edna C, 301 E. Chapel St., Hazleton.
Wagner, Esther C, Milroy.
Wagner, Lillian B., 109 S. Pine St., Hazleton.
Walty, Marguerite Marie, 140 Dorrance St., Dorranceton.
Warner, Mary Agnes, Laceyville.
Watts, Helen, 901 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre.
Wiant, Herman E., Huntington Mills.
Wiant, James Stewart, Huntington Mills.
Wilkes, Blanche, Wanamie.
Williams, Edward, Nanticoke.
Williams, Elizabeth M., Alden Station.
Williams, Margaret, Dewey Park, Nanticoke.
Williams, Ruth B., Taylor.
Williams, Stanford, Shickshinny, R. D. No. 4.
Wolf, Marjorie J., Millville.
Youngman, Beatrice May, 312 E. Juniper St., Hazleton.
Zierdt, Miriam G., 619 W. 6th St., Hazleton.

99

BLOOMSBURG

100

COLLEGE PREPARATORY COURSE
Beishline, S. D., Medical Preparatory, Orangeville, R. D. No.
Christian, Loomis, Medical Preparatory, Lopez.
Curry, Isabel Jane, 102 Henry St., Plains.

Dennis, Hope, Latin Scientific, Bloomsburg.
Kester, Fred, Latin Scientific, Bloomsburg, R. D.
Richardson, John, Jr., Latin Scientific, Bloomsburg.
Sharpless, Harriet Ethel, Latin Scientific, Bloomsburg.
Young, H. Robbins, Latin Scientfic, Mifflinburg.

MUSIC COURSES
Supervisor of Public School Music

Cromis, A. Marie, Washingtonville.
Saltzer, Hester E.,

Bloomsburg.
Piano

Cromis, A. Marie, Washingtonville.
Saltzer, Hester E., Bloomsburg.

CLASS SECRETARIES
M. Garman.

1871.

J.

1875.

Lorena G. Evans.
Mary J. Hunt.

1876.

1883.

C. D. Andreas.
Celeste Kitchen (Prutzman)
G. J. Clark.

1885.

Cora Hagenbuch Holmes.

1878.
1880.

1887.
1889.
1890.
1891.

Mary

P. Sheep.

Helen Barton John.
Lulu M. McAlarney.
C. C. Major.

1892.
1893.

Anna E. Stair.
Eva E. Dintinger (Mrs.

1895.

Mary

1896.

1897.

1898.
1899.
1901.
1902.

1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.

E. D. Frick).
Detwiler (Mrs. E. E. Brader).
Florence Kitchen (Mrs. C. Fullmer).

Susan B. Bodmer.
Clara M. Swank.
Ira A. Ziegler.

Esther Abbott.
Harriet
Fry.
Mollie Moran.
Maud Davis.
J.

Lee Tiffany.

Mabel Hartzell

(Zarr).

Bertha H. Bacon.

1908.

Marion Smith.

1909.
1910.
1911.

Julia Simpler.
Bertha V. Polley.

Mabel YanReed.

2.

:

INDEX
Admission to Four Years' Course
Alumni Associations
Athletics, Control of

Auditorium, The
Boxes from Home
Buildings
Calendar
Class Deans
Class Memorials

Courses of Study
Contests

Damages

24
92
65
61
69
61
4
69
74
12
67
70

Departments
Professional

Language
College Preparatory

Music
Physical Education

Art
Science

History and Civics
English

Commercial
Diplomas
Discipline
Elevator, Passenger

Expenses
Faculty, The

Gymnasium, The
Hospital
Infirmary

Laundry Regulations
Lecture Course, The Students'
Library, The
Literary Societies
Location
Medical Preparatory
Model School, The
Outfits

Outline of Four Years' Course
Recreation Rooms
Religion and Morals
Science Hall
School Periodical
State Aid
State Board of Education
State Examinations, Rules for
Students' Rooms
Students, List of
Students, Summary of
Teachers, Application for
Trustees, Board of

Standing Committees of
Visiting and Going Home
Young Men's Christian Association

Young Women's

Christian Association

28
33
55
46
51
48
36
35
30
57
26
67
63
72, 73
8, 68
61
64
64
70
65
63
65
61
56
29, 70
70
12
64
68
64
65
72
5

24
63
77
92
70
5
6

69
68
68

Entered as second-class matter July 1, 1909, at the post
under the Act or July 16 18

office at

BJoonwburg Pa.